Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh: an open, randomised controlled trial.
Identifieur interne : 002A00 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002999; suivant : 002A01Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh: an open, randomised controlled trial.
Auteurs : Mohammod J. Chisti ; Mohammed A. Salam ; Jonathan H. Smith ; Tahmeed Ahmed ; Mark A C. Pietroni ; K M Shahunja ; Abu S M S B. Shahid ; Abu S G. Faruque ; Hasan Ashraf ; Pradip K. Bardhan ; Sharifuzzaman ; Stephen M. Graham ; Trevor DukeSource :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 1474-547X ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Bangladesh, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (methods), Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Hypoxia (microbiology), Hypoxia (therapy), Infant, Length of Stay (statistics & numerical data), Male, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy (methods), Pneumonia (complications), Pneumonia (therapy), Treatment Outcome.
- MESH :
- complications : Pneumonia.
- methods : Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy.
- microbiology : Hypoxia.
- statistics & numerical data : Length of Stay.
- therapy : Hypoxia, Pneumonia.
- Bangladesh, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
In developing countries, mortality in children with very severe pneumonia is high, even with the provision of appropriate antibiotics, standard oxygen therapy, and other supportive care. We assessed whether oxygen therapy delivered by bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improved outcomes compared with standard low-flow and high-flow oxygen therapies.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60249-5
PubMed: 26296950
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26296950Le document en format XML
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Salam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jonathan H" sort="Smith, Jonathan H" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jonathan H" last="Smith">Jonathan H. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Portex Unit of Paediatric Anaesthesia, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Tahmeed" sort="Ahmed, Tahmeed" uniqKey="Ahmed T" first="Tahmeed" last="Ahmed">Tahmeed Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietroni, Mark A C" sort="Pietroni, Mark A C" uniqKey="Pietroni M" first="Mark A C" last="Pietroni">Mark A C. Pietroni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Public Health for South Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahunja, K M" sort="Shahunja, K M" uniqKey="Shahunja K" first="K M" last="Shahunja">K M Shahunja</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahid, Abu S M S B" sort="Shahid, Abu S M S B" uniqKey="Shahid A" first="Abu S M S B" last="Shahid">Abu S M S B. Shahid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faruque, Abu S G" sort="Faruque, Abu S G" uniqKey="Faruque A" first="Abu S G" last="Faruque">Abu S G. 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Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duke, Trevor" sort="Duke, Trevor" uniqKey="Duke T" first="Trevor" last="Duke">Trevor Duke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: trevor.duke@rch.org.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26296950</idno><idno type="pmid">26296950</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60249-5</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002A00</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002A00</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh: an open, randomised controlled trial.</title><author><name sortKey="Chisti, Mohammod J" sort="Chisti, Mohammod J" uniqKey="Chisti M" first="Mohammod J" last="Chisti">Mohammod J. Chisti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salam, Mohammed A" sort="Salam, Mohammed A" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Mohammed A" last="Salam">Mohammed A. Salam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jonathan H" sort="Smith, Jonathan H" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jonathan H" last="Smith">Jonathan H. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Portex Unit of Paediatric Anaesthesia, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Tahmeed" sort="Ahmed, Tahmeed" uniqKey="Ahmed T" first="Tahmeed" last="Ahmed">Tahmeed Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietroni, Mark A C" sort="Pietroni, Mark A C" uniqKey="Pietroni M" first="Mark A C" last="Pietroni">Mark A C. Pietroni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Public Health for South Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahunja, K M" sort="Shahunja, K M" uniqKey="Shahunja K" first="K M" last="Shahunja">K M Shahunja</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahid, Abu S M S B" sort="Shahid, Abu S M S B" uniqKey="Shahid A" first="Abu S M S B" last="Shahid">Abu S M S B. Shahid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faruque, Abu S G" sort="Faruque, Abu S G" uniqKey="Faruque A" first="Abu S G" last="Faruque">Abu S G. Faruque</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashraf, Hasan" sort="Ashraf, Hasan" uniqKey="Ashraf H" first="Hasan" last="Ashraf">Hasan Ashraf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bardhan, Pradip K" sort="Bardhan, Pradip K" uniqKey="Bardhan P" first="Pradip K" last="Bardhan">Pradip K. Bardhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharifuzzaman" sort="Sharifuzzaman" uniqKey="Sharifuzzaman" last="Sharifuzzaman">Sharifuzzaman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Stephen M" sort="Graham, Stephen M" uniqKey="Graham S" first="Stephen M" last="Graham">Stephen M. Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duke, Trevor" sort="Duke, Trevor" uniqKey="Duke T" first="Trevor" last="Duke">Trevor Duke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: trevor.duke@rch.org.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title><idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term><term>Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (methods)</term><term>Developing Countries</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hypoxia (microbiology)</term><term>Hypoxia (therapy)</term><term>Infant</term><term>Length of Stay (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Male</term><term>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy (methods)</term><term>Pneumonia (complications)</term><term>Pneumonia (therapy)</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Pneumonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Continuous Positive Airway Pressure</term><term>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypoxia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Length of Stay</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypoxia</term><term>Pneumonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term><term>Developing Countries</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In developing countries, mortality in children with very severe pneumonia is high, even with the provision of appropriate antibiotics, standard oxygen therapy, and other supportive care. We assessed whether oxygen therapy delivered by bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improved outcomes compared with standard low-flow and high-flow oxygen therapies.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26296950</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1474-547X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>386</Volume><Issue>9998</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Lancet (London, England)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Lancet</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh: an open, randomised controlled trial.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1057-65</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60249-5</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0140-6736(15)60249-5</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">In developing countries, mortality in children with very severe pneumonia is high, even with the provision of appropriate antibiotics, standard oxygen therapy, and other supportive care. We assessed whether oxygen therapy delivered by bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improved outcomes compared with standard low-flow and high-flow oxygen therapies.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">This open, randomised, controlled trial took place in Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. We randomly assigned children younger than 5 years with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia to receive oxygen therapy by either bubble CPAP (5 L/min starting at a CPAP level of 5 cm H2O), standard low-flow nasal cannula (2 L/min), or high-flow nasal cannula (2 L/kg per min up to the maximum of 12 L/min). Randomisation was done with use of the permuted block methods (block size of 15 patients) and Fisher and Yates tables of random permutations. The primary outcome was treatment failure (ie, clinical failure, intubation and mechanical ventilation, death, or termination of hospital stay against medical advice) after more than 1 h of treatment. Primary and safety analyses were by intention to treat. We did two interim analyses and stopped the trial after the second interim analysis on Aug 3, 2013, as directed by the data safety and monitoring board. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01396759.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Between Aug 4, 2011, and July 17, 2013, 225 eligible children were recruited. We randomly allocated 79 (35%) children to receive oxygen therapy by bubble CPAP, 67 (30%) to low-flow oxygen therapy, and 79 (35%) to high-flow oxygen therapy. Treatment failed for 31 (14%) children, of whom five (6%) had received bubble CPAP, 16 (24%) had received low-flow oxygen therapy, and ten (13%) had received high-flow oxygen therapy. Significantly fewer children in the bubble CPAP group had treatment failure than in the low-flow oxygen therapy group (relative risk [RR] 0·27, 99·7% CI 0·07-0·99; p=0·0026). No difference in treatment failure was noted between patients in the bubble CPAP and those in the high-flow oxygen therapy group (RR 0·50, 99·7% 0·11-2·29; p=0·175). 23 (10%) children died. Three (4%) children died in the bubble CPAP group, ten (15%) children died in the low-flow oxygen therapy group, and ten (13%) children died in the high-flow oxygen therapy group. Children who received oxygen by bubble CPAP had significantly lower rates of death than the children who received oxygen by low-flow oxygen therapy (RR 0·25, 95% CI 0·07-0·89; p=0·022).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="INTERPRETATION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Oxygen therapy delivered by bubble CPAP improved outcomes in Bangladeshi children with very severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia compared with standard low-flow oxygen therapy. Use of bubble CPAP oxygen therapy could have a large effect in hospitals in developing countries where the only respiratory support for severe childhood pneumonia and hypoxaemia is low-flow oxygen therapy. The trial was stopped early because of higher mortality in the low-flow oxygen group than in the bubble CPAP group, and we acknowledge that the early cessation of the trial reduces the certainty of the findings. Further research is needed to test the feasibility of scaling up bubble CPAP in district hospitals and to improve bubble CPAP delivery technology.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FUNDING" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chisti</LastName><ForeName>Mohammod J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salam</LastName><ForeName>Mohammed A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smith</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan H</ForeName><Initials>JH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Portex Unit of Paediatric Anaesthesia, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ahmed</LastName><ForeName>Tahmeed</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pietroni</LastName><ForeName>Mark A C</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health for South Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shahunja</LastName><ForeName>K M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shahid</LastName><ForeName>Abu S M S B</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faruque</LastName><ForeName>Abu S G</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ashraf</LastName><ForeName>Hasan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bardhan</LastName><ForeName>Pradip K</ForeName><Initials>PK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharifuzzaman</LastName><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graham</LastName><ForeName>Stephen M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duke</LastName><ForeName>Trevor</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for International Child Health, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: trevor.duke@rch.org.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>ClinicalTrials.gov</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NCT01396759</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Lancet</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>2985213R</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0140-6736</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Lancet. 2015 Sep 12;386(9998):1020-2</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26311458</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001459" MajorTopicYN="N">Bangladesh</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045422" MajorTopicYN="N">Continuous Positive Airway Pressure</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003906" MajorTopicYN="N">Developing Countries</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000860" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoxia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007902" MajorTopicYN="N">Length of Stay</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010102" MajorTopicYN="N">Oxygen Inhalation Therapy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011014" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26296950</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0140-6736(15)60249-5</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60249-5</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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