Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way.
Identifieur interne : 002710 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002709; suivant : 002711Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way.
Auteurs : L M Howes ; A R Casey ; M. Asplund ; S C Keller ; D. Yong ; D M Nataf ; R. Poleski ; K. Lind ; C. Kobayashi ; C I Owen ; M. Ness ; M S Bessell ; G S Da Costa ; B P Schmidt ; P. Tisserand ; A. Udalski ; M K Szyma Ski ; I. Soszy Ski ; G. Pietrzy Ski ; K. Ulaczyk ; Ł Wyrzykowski ; P. Pietrukowicz ; J. Skowron ; S. Kozłowski ; P. Mr ZSource :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The first stars are predicted to have formed within 200 million years after the Big Bang, initiating the cosmic dawn. A true first star has not yet been discovered, although stars with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium ('metals') have been found in the outer regions ('halo') of the Milky Way. The first stars and their immediate successors should, however, preferentially be found today in the central regions ('bulges') of galaxies, because they formed in the largest over-densities that grew gravitationally with time. The Milky Way bulge underwent a rapid chemical enrichment during the first 1-2 billion years, leading to a dearth of early, metal-poor stars. Here we report observations of extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way bulge, including one star with an iron abundance about 10,000 times lower than the solar value without noticeable carbon enhancement. We confirm that most of the metal-poor bulge stars are on tight orbits around the Galactic Centre, rather than being halo stars passing through the bulge, as expected for stars formed at redshifts greater than 15. Their chemical compositions are in general similar to typical halo stars of the same metallicity although intriguing differences exist, including lower abundances of carbon.
DOI: 10.1038/nature15747
PubMed: 26560034
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way.</title><author><name sortKey="Howes, L M" sort="Howes, L M" uniqKey="Howes L" first="L M" last="Howes">L M Howes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casey, A R" sort="Casey, A R" uniqKey="Casey A" first="A R" last="Casey">A R Casey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asplund, M" sort="Asplund, M" uniqKey="Asplund M" first="M" last="Asplund">M. Asplund</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, S C" sort="Keller, S C" uniqKey="Keller S" first="S C" last="Keller">S C Keller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yong, D" sort="Yong, D" uniqKey="Yong D" first="D" last="Yong">D. Yong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nataf, D M" sort="Nataf, D M" uniqKey="Nataf D" first="D M" last="Nataf">D M Nataf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poleski, R" sort="Poleski, R" uniqKey="Poleski R" first="R" last="Poleski">R. Poleski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, K" sort="Lind, K" uniqKey="Lind K" first="K" last="Lind">K. Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, C" sort="Kobayashi, C" uniqKey="Kobayashi C" first="C" last="Kobayashi">C. Kobayashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owen, C I" sort="Owen, C I" uniqKey="Owen C" first="C I" last="Owen">C I Owen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ness, M" sort="Ness, M" uniqKey="Ness M" first="M" last="Ness">M. Ness</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bessell, M S" sort="Bessell, M S" uniqKey="Bessell M" first="M S" last="Bessell">M S Bessell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Costa, G S" sort="Da Costa, G S" uniqKey="Da Costa G" first="G S" last="Da Costa">G S Da Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, B P" sort="Schmidt, B P" uniqKey="Schmidt B" first="B P" last="Schmidt">B P Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tisserand, P" sort="Tisserand, P" uniqKey="Tisserand P" first="P" last="Tisserand">P. Tisserand</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udalski, A" sort="Udalski, A" uniqKey="Udalski A" first="A" last="Udalski">A. Udalski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szyma Ski, M K" sort="Szyma Ski, M K" uniqKey="Szyma Ski M" first="M K" last="Szyma Ski">M K Szyma Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soszy Ski, I" sort="Soszy Ski, I" uniqKey="Soszy Ski I" first="I" last="Soszy Ski">I. Soszy Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietrzy Ski, G" sort="Pietrzy Ski, G" uniqKey="Pietrzy Ski G" first="G" last="Pietrzy Ski">G. Pietrzy Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulaczyk, K" sort="Ulaczyk, K" uniqKey="Ulaczyk K" first="K" last="Ulaczyk">K. Ulaczyk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyrzykowski, L" sort="Wyrzykowski, L" uniqKey="Wyrzykowski L" first="Ł" last="Wyrzykowski">Ł Wyrzykowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietrukowicz, P" sort="Pietrukowicz, P" uniqKey="Pietrukowicz P" first="P" last="Pietrukowicz">P. Pietrukowicz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skowron, J" sort="Skowron, J" uniqKey="Skowron J" first="J" last="Skowron">J. Skowron</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozlowski, S" sort="Kozlowski, S" uniqKey="Kozlowski S" first="S" last="Kozłowski">S. Kozłowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mr Z, P" sort="Mr Z, P" uniqKey="Mr Z P" first="P" last="Mr Z">P. Mr Z</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26560034</idno><idno type="pmid">26560034</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature15747</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002710</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002710</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way.</title><author><name sortKey="Howes, L M" sort="Howes, L M" uniqKey="Howes L" first="L M" last="Howes">L M Howes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casey, A R" sort="Casey, A R" uniqKey="Casey A" first="A R" last="Casey">A R Casey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asplund, M" sort="Asplund, M" uniqKey="Asplund M" first="M" last="Asplund">M. Asplund</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, S C" sort="Keller, S C" uniqKey="Keller S" first="S C" last="Keller">S C Keller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yong, D" sort="Yong, D" uniqKey="Yong D" first="D" last="Yong">D. Yong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nataf, D M" sort="Nataf, D M" uniqKey="Nataf D" first="D M" last="Nataf">D M Nataf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poleski, R" sort="Poleski, R" uniqKey="Poleski R" first="R" last="Poleski">R. Poleski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, K" sort="Lind, K" uniqKey="Lind K" first="K" last="Lind">K. Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, C" sort="Kobayashi, C" uniqKey="Kobayashi C" first="C" last="Kobayashi">C. Kobayashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owen, C I" sort="Owen, C I" uniqKey="Owen C" first="C I" last="Owen">C I Owen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ness, M" sort="Ness, M" uniqKey="Ness M" first="M" last="Ness">M. Ness</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bessell, M S" sort="Bessell, M S" uniqKey="Bessell M" first="M S" last="Bessell">M S Bessell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Costa, G S" sort="Da Costa, G S" uniqKey="Da Costa G" first="G S" last="Da Costa">G S Da Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, B P" sort="Schmidt, B P" uniqKey="Schmidt B" first="B P" last="Schmidt">B P Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tisserand, P" sort="Tisserand, P" uniqKey="Tisserand P" first="P" last="Tisserand">P. Tisserand</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udalski, A" sort="Udalski, A" uniqKey="Udalski A" first="A" last="Udalski">A. Udalski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szyma Ski, M K" sort="Szyma Ski, M K" uniqKey="Szyma Ski M" first="M K" last="Szyma Ski">M K Szyma Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soszy Ski, I" sort="Soszy Ski, I" uniqKey="Soszy Ski I" first="I" last="Soszy Ski">I. Soszy Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietrzy Ski, G" sort="Pietrzy Ski, G" uniqKey="Pietrzy Ski G" first="G" last="Pietrzy Ski">G. Pietrzy Ski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulaczyk, K" sort="Ulaczyk, K" uniqKey="Ulaczyk K" first="K" last="Ulaczyk">K. Ulaczyk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyrzykowski, L" sort="Wyrzykowski, L" uniqKey="Wyrzykowski L" first="Ł" last="Wyrzykowski">Ł Wyrzykowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietrukowicz, P" sort="Pietrukowicz, P" uniqKey="Pietrukowicz P" first="P" last="Pietrukowicz">P. Pietrukowicz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skowron, J" sort="Skowron, J" uniqKey="Skowron J" first="J" last="Skowron">J. Skowron</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozlowski, S" sort="Kozlowski, S" uniqKey="Kozlowski S" first="S" last="Kozłowski">S. Kozłowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mr Z, P" sort="Mr Z, P" uniqKey="Mr Z P" first="P" last="Mr Z">P. Mr Z</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The first stars are predicted to have formed within 200 million years after the Big Bang, initiating the cosmic dawn. A true first star has not yet been discovered, although stars with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium ('metals') have been found in the outer regions ('halo') of the Milky Way. The first stars and their immediate successors should, however, preferentially be found today in the central regions ('bulges') of galaxies, because they formed in the largest over-densities that grew gravitationally with time. The Milky Way bulge underwent a rapid chemical enrichment during the first 1-2 billion years, leading to a dearth of early, metal-poor stars. Here we report observations of extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way bulge, including one star with an iron abundance about 10,000 times lower than the solar value without noticeable carbon enhancement. We confirm that most of the metal-poor bulge stars are on tight orbits around the Galactic Centre, rather than being halo stars passing through the bulge, as expected for stars formed at redshifts greater than 15. Their chemical compositions are in general similar to typical halo stars of the same metallicity although intriguing differences exist, including lower abundances of carbon.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26560034</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>527</Volume><Issue>7579</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>26</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>484-7</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature15747</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The first stars are predicted to have formed within 200 million years after the Big Bang, initiating the cosmic dawn. A true first star has not yet been discovered, although stars with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium ('metals') have been found in the outer regions ('halo') of the Milky Way. The first stars and their immediate successors should, however, preferentially be found today in the central regions ('bulges') of galaxies, because they formed in the largest over-densities that grew gravitationally with time. The Milky Way bulge underwent a rapid chemical enrichment during the first 1-2 billion years, leading to a dearth of early, metal-poor stars. Here we report observations of extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way bulge, including one star with an iron abundance about 10,000 times lower than the solar value without noticeable carbon enhancement. We confirm that most of the metal-poor bulge stars are on tight orbits around the Galactic Centre, rather than being halo stars passing through the bulge, as expected for stars formed at redshifts greater than 15. Their chemical compositions are in general similar to typical halo stars of the same metallicity although intriguing differences exist, including lower abundances of carbon.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Howes</LastName><ForeName>L M</ForeName><Initials>LM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casey</LastName><ForeName>A R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asplund</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keller</LastName><ForeName>S C</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yong</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nataf</LastName><ForeName>D M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poleski</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lind</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kobayashi</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Owen</LastName><ForeName>C I</ForeName><Initials>CI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ness</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bessell</LastName><ForeName>M S</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Da Costa</LastName><ForeName>G S</ForeName><Initials>GS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmidt</LastName><ForeName>B P</ForeName><Initials>BP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tisserand</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6 et CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Udalski</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Szymański</LastName><ForeName>M K</ForeName><Initials>MK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soszyński</LastName><ForeName>I</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pietrzyński</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomia, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ulaczyk</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wyrzykowski</LastName><ForeName>Ł</ForeName><Initials>Ł</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pietrukowicz</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skowron</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kozłowski</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mróz</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26560034</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">nature15747</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/nature15747</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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