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Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake.

Identifieur interne : 002395 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002394; suivant : 002396

Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake.

Auteurs : J S Kargel ; G J Leonard ; D H Shugar ; U K Haritashya ; A. Bevington ; E J Fielding ; K. Fujita ; M. Geertsema ; E S Miles ; J. Steiner ; E. Anderson ; S. Bajracharya ; G W Bawden ; D F Breashears ; A. Byers ; B. Collins ; M R Dhital ; A. Donnellan ; T L Evans ; M L Geai ; M T Glasscoe ; D. Green ; D R Gurung ; R. Heijenk ; A. Hilborn ; K. Hudnut ; C. Huyck ; W W Immerzeel ; Jiang Liming ; R. Jibson ; A. K B ; N R Khanal ; D. Kirschbaum ; P D A. Kraaijenbrink ; D. Lamsal ; Liu Shiyin ; Lv Mingyang ; D. Mckinney ; N K Nahirnick ; Nan Zhuotong ; S. Ojha ; J. Olsenholler ; T H Painter ; M. Pleasants ; K C Pratima ; Q I Yuan ; B H Raup ; D. Regmi ; D R Rounce ; A. Sakai ; Shangguan Donghui ; J M Shea ; A B Shrestha ; A. Shukla ; D. Stumm ; M. Van Der Kooij ; K. Voss ; Wang Xin ; B. Weihs ; D. Wolfe ; Wu Lizong ; Yao Xiaojun ; M R Yoder ; N. Young

Source :

RBID : pubmed:26676355

English descriptors

Abstract

The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aac8353
PubMed: 26676355

Links to Exploration step

pubmed:26676355

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Steiner, J" sort="Steiner, J" uniqKey="Steiner J" first="J" last="Steiner">J. Steiner</name>
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<name sortKey="Anderson, E" sort="Anderson, E" uniqKey="Anderson E" first="E" last="Anderson">E. Anderson</name>
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<name sortKey="Bajracharya, S" sort="Bajracharya, S" uniqKey="Bajracharya S" first="S" last="Bajracharya">S. Bajracharya</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Byers, A" sort="Byers, A" uniqKey="Byers A" first="A" last="Byers">A. Byers</name>
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<name sortKey="Collins, B" sort="Collins, B" uniqKey="Collins B" first="B" last="Collins">B. Collins</name>
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<name sortKey="Dhital, M R" sort="Dhital, M R" uniqKey="Dhital M" first="M R" last="Dhital">M R Dhital</name>
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<name sortKey="Donnellan, A" sort="Donnellan, A" uniqKey="Donnellan A" first="A" last="Donnellan">A. Donnellan</name>
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<name sortKey="Evans, T L" sort="Evans, T L" uniqKey="Evans T" first="T L" last="Evans">T L Evans</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Geai, M L" sort="Geai, M L" uniqKey="Geai M" first="M L" last="Geai">M L Geai</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>CVA Engineering, Suresnes, France.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Glasscoe, M T" sort="Glasscoe, M T" uniqKey="Glasscoe M" first="M T" last="Glasscoe">M T Glasscoe</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Green, D" sort="Green, D" uniqKey="Green D" first="D" last="Green">D. Green</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Earthquake Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Liming, Jiang" sort="Liming, Jiang" uniqKey="Liming J" first="Jiang" last="Liming">Jiang Liming</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Jibson, R" sort="Jibson, R" uniqKey="Jibson R" first="R" last="Jibson">R. Jibson</name>
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<name sortKey="Khanal, N R" sort="Khanal, N R" uniqKey="Khanal N" first="N R" last="Khanal">N R Khanal</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Kirschbaum, D" sort="Kirschbaum, D" uniqKey="Kirschbaum D" first="D" last="Kirschbaum">D. Kirschbaum</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Lamsal, D" sort="Lamsal, D" uniqKey="Lamsal D" first="D" last="Lamsal">D. Lamsal</name>
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<name sortKey="Shiyin, Liu" sort="Shiyin, Liu" uniqKey="Shiyin L" first="Liu" last="Shiyin">Liu Shiyin</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Mingyang, Lv" sort="Mingyang, Lv" uniqKey="Mingyang L" first="Lv" last="Mingyang">Lv Mingyang</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Mckinney, D" sort="Mckinney, D" uniqKey="Mckinney D" first="D" last="Mckinney">D. Mckinney</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Nahirnick, N K" sort="Nahirnick, N K" uniqKey="Nahirnick N" first="N K" last="Nahirnick">N K Nahirnick</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Zhuotong, Nan" sort="Zhuotong, Nan" uniqKey="Zhuotong N" first="Nan" last="Zhuotong">Nan Zhuotong</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Ojha, S" sort="Ojha, S" uniqKey="Ojha S" first="S" last="Ojha">S. Ojha</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Olsenholler, J" sort="Olsenholler, J" uniqKey="Olsenholler J" first="J" last="Olsenholler">J. Olsenholler</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Painter, T H" sort="Painter, T H" uniqKey="Painter T" first="T H" last="Painter">T H Painter</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Pleasants, M" sort="Pleasants, M" uniqKey="Pleasants M" first="M" last="Pleasants">M. Pleasants</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pratima, K C" sort="Pratima, K C" uniqKey="Pratima K" first="K C" last="Pratima">K C Pratima</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Arizona Remote Sensing Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan, Q I" sort="Yuan, Q I" uniqKey="Yuan Q" first="Q I" last="Yuan">Q I Yuan</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Raup, B H" sort="Raup, B H" uniqKey="Raup B" first="B H" last="Raup">B H Raup</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Regmi, D" sort="Regmi, D" uniqKey="Regmi D" first="D" last="Regmi">D. Regmi</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Himalayan Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rounce, D R" sort="Rounce, D R" uniqKey="Rounce D" first="D R" last="Rounce">D R Rounce</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Sakai, A" sort="Sakai, A" uniqKey="Sakai A" first="A" last="Sakai">A. Sakai</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donghui, Shangguan" sort="Donghui, Shangguan" uniqKey="Donghui S" first="Shangguan" last="Donghui">Shangguan Donghui</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shea, J M" sort="Shea, J M" uniqKey="Shea J" first="J M" last="Shea">J M Shea</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shrestha, A B" sort="Shrestha, A B" uniqKey="Shrestha A" first="A B" last="Shrestha">A B Shrestha</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shukla, A" sort="Shukla, A" uniqKey="Shukla A" first="A" last="Shukla">A. Shukla</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stumm, D" sort="Stumm, D" uniqKey="Stumm D" first="D" last="Stumm">D. Stumm</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Kooij, M" sort="Van Der Kooij, M" uniqKey="Van Der Kooij M" first="M" last="Van Der Kooij">M. Van Der Kooij</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates-GSI, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Voss, K" sort="Voss, K" uniqKey="Voss K" first="K" last="Voss">K. Voss</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Xin, Wang" sort="Xin, Wang" uniqKey="Xin W" first="Wang" last="Xin">Wang Xin</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Weihs, B" sort="Weihs, B" uniqKey="Weihs B" first="B" last="Weihs">B. Weihs</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Wolfe, D" sort="Wolfe, D" uniqKey="Wolfe D" first="D" last="Wolfe">D. Wolfe</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Steward, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Lizong, Wu" sort="Lizong, Wu" uniqKey="Lizong W" first="Wu" last="Lizong">Wu Lizong</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiaojun, Yao" sort="Xiaojun, Yao" uniqKey="Xiaojun Y" first="Yao" last="Xiaojun">Yao Xiaojun</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>College of Geographical Science and Environment, Northwest Normal University, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yoder, M R" sort="Yoder, M R" uniqKey="Yoder M" first="M R" last="Yoder">M R Yoder</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, N" sort="Young, N" uniqKey="Young N" first="N" last="Young">N. Young</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
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<title xml:lang="en">Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kargel, J S" sort="Kargel, J S" uniqKey="Kargel J" first="J S" last="Kargel">J S Kargel</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leonard, G J" sort="Leonard, G J" uniqKey="Leonard G" first="G J" last="Leonard">G J Leonard</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shugar, D H" sort="Shugar, D H" uniqKey="Shugar D" first="D H" last="Shugar">D H Shugar</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Haritashya, U K" sort="Haritashya, U K" uniqKey="Haritashya U" first="U K" last="Haritashya">U K Haritashya</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bevington, A" sort="Bevington, A" uniqKey="Bevington A" first="A" last="Bevington">A. Bevington</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fielding, E J" sort="Fielding, E J" uniqKey="Fielding E" first="E J" last="Fielding">E J Fielding</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fujita, K" sort="Fujita, K" uniqKey="Fujita K" first="K" last="Fujita">K. Fujita</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geertsema, M" sort="Geertsema, M" uniqKey="Geertsema M" first="M" last="Geertsema">M. Geertsema</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miles, E S" sort="Miles, E S" uniqKey="Miles E" first="E S" last="Miles">E S Miles</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Steiner, J" sort="Steiner, J" uniqKey="Steiner J" first="J" last="Steiner">J. Steiner</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Institute of Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Technology-ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anderson, E" sort="Anderson, E" uniqKey="Anderson E" first="E" last="Anderson">E. Anderson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bajracharya, S" sort="Bajracharya, S" uniqKey="Bajracharya S" first="S" last="Bajracharya">S. Bajracharya</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bawden, G W" sort="Bawden, G W" uniqKey="Bawden G" first="G W" last="Bawden">G W Bawden</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Breashears, D F" sort="Breashears, D F" uniqKey="Breashears D" first="D F" last="Breashears">D F Breashears</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>GlacierWorks, Marblehead, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Byers, A" sort="Byers, A" uniqKey="Byers A" first="A" last="Byers">A. Byers</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>The Mountain Institute, Elkins, WV, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, B" sort="Collins, B" uniqKey="Collins B" first="B" last="Collins">B. Collins</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dhital, M R" sort="Dhital, M R" uniqKey="Dhital M" first="M R" last="Dhital">M R Dhital</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donnellan, A" sort="Donnellan, A" uniqKey="Donnellan A" first="A" last="Donnellan">A. Donnellan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Evans, T L" sort="Evans, T L" uniqKey="Evans T" first="T L" last="Evans">T L Evans</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geai, M L" sort="Geai, M L" uniqKey="Geai M" first="M L" last="Geai">M L Geai</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>CVA Engineering, Suresnes, France.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Green, D" sort="Green, D" uniqKey="Green D" first="D" last="Green">D. Green</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hilborn, A" sort="Hilborn, A" uniqKey="Hilborn A" first="A" last="Hilborn">A. Hilborn</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hudnut, K" sort="Hudnut, K" uniqKey="Hudnut K" first="K" last="Hudnut">K. Hudnut</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Earthquake Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huyck, C" sort="Huyck, C" uniqKey="Huyck C" first="C" last="Huyck">C. Huyck</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>ImageCat, Long Beach, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Immerzeel, W W" sort="Immerzeel, W W" uniqKey="Immerzeel W" first="W W" last="Immerzeel">W W Immerzeel</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liming, Jiang" sort="Liming, Jiang" uniqKey="Liming J" first="Jiang" last="Liming">Jiang Liming</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jibson, R" sort="Jibson, R" uniqKey="Jibson R" first="R" last="Jibson">R. Jibson</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="K B, A" sort="K B, A" uniqKey="K B A" first="A" last="K B">A. K B</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Khanal, N R" sort="Khanal, N R" uniqKey="Khanal N" first="N R" last="Khanal">N R Khanal</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kirschbaum, D" sort="Kirschbaum, D" uniqKey="Kirschbaum D" first="D" last="Kirschbaum">D. Kirschbaum</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kraaijenbrink, P D A" sort="Kraaijenbrink, P D A" uniqKey="Kraaijenbrink P" first="P D A" last="Kraaijenbrink">P D A. Kraaijenbrink</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lamsal, D" sort="Lamsal, D" uniqKey="Lamsal D" first="D" last="Lamsal">D. Lamsal</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shiyin, Liu" sort="Shiyin, Liu" uniqKey="Shiyin L" first="Liu" last="Shiyin">Liu Shiyin</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mingyang, Lv" sort="Mingyang, Lv" uniqKey="Mingyang L" first="Lv" last="Mingyang">Lv Mingyang</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mckinney, D" sort="Mckinney, D" uniqKey="Mckinney D" first="D" last="Mckinney">D. Mckinney</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nahirnick, N K" sort="Nahirnick, N K" uniqKey="Nahirnick N" first="N K" last="Nahirnick">N K Nahirnick</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhuotong, Nan" sort="Zhuotong, Nan" uniqKey="Zhuotong N" first="Nan" last="Zhuotong">Nan Zhuotong</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ojha, S" sort="Ojha, S" uniqKey="Ojha S" first="S" last="Ojha">S. Ojha</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olsenholler, J" sort="Olsenholler, J" uniqKey="Olsenholler J" first="J" last="Olsenholler">J. Olsenholler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Painter, T H" sort="Painter, T H" uniqKey="Painter T" first="T H" last="Painter">T H Painter</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pleasants, M" sort="Pleasants, M" uniqKey="Pleasants M" first="M" last="Pleasants">M. Pleasants</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pratima, K C" sort="Pratima, K C" uniqKey="Pratima K" first="K C" last="Pratima">K C Pratima</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Arizona Remote Sensing Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan, Q I" sort="Yuan, Q I" uniqKey="Yuan Q" first="Q I" last="Yuan">Q I Yuan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Raup, B H" sort="Raup, B H" uniqKey="Raup B" first="B H" last="Raup">B H Raup</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Regmi, D" sort="Regmi, D" uniqKey="Regmi D" first="D" last="Regmi">D. Regmi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Himalayan Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rounce, D R" sort="Rounce, D R" uniqKey="Rounce D" first="D R" last="Rounce">D R Rounce</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sakai, A" sort="Sakai, A" uniqKey="Sakai A" first="A" last="Sakai">A. Sakai</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donghui, Shangguan" sort="Donghui, Shangguan" uniqKey="Donghui S" first="Shangguan" last="Donghui">Shangguan Donghui</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shea, J M" sort="Shea, J M" uniqKey="Shea J" first="J M" last="Shea">J M Shea</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shrestha, A B" sort="Shrestha, A B" uniqKey="Shrestha A" first="A B" last="Shrestha">A B Shrestha</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shukla, A" sort="Shukla, A" uniqKey="Shukla A" first="A" last="Shukla">A. Shukla</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stumm, D" sort="Stumm, D" uniqKey="Stumm D" first="D" last="Stumm">D. Stumm</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Kooij, M" sort="Van Der Kooij, M" uniqKey="Van Der Kooij M" first="M" last="Van Der Kooij">M. Van Der Kooij</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates-GSI, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Voss, K" sort="Voss, K" uniqKey="Voss K" first="K" last="Voss">K. Voss</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xin, Wang" sort="Xin, Wang" uniqKey="Xin W" first="Wang" last="Xin">Wang Xin</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weihs, B" sort="Weihs, B" uniqKey="Weihs B" first="B" last="Weihs">B. Weihs</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wolfe, D" sort="Wolfe, D" uniqKey="Wolfe D" first="D" last="Wolfe">D. Wolfe</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Steward, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lizong, Wu" sort="Lizong, Wu" uniqKey="Lizong W" first="Wu" last="Lizong">Wu Lizong</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiaojun, Yao" sort="Xiaojun, Yao" uniqKey="Xiaojun Y" first="Yao" last="Xiaojun">Yao Xiaojun</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>College of Geographical Science and Environment, Northwest Normal University, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yoder, M R" sort="Yoder, M R" uniqKey="Yoder M" first="M R" last="Yoder">M R Yoder</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, N" sort="Young, N" uniqKey="Young N" first="N" last="Young">N. Young</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<series>
<title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno>
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<date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
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<term>Earthquakes (mortality)</term>
<term>Environmental Monitoring (methods)</term>
<term>Floods</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Lakes</term>
<term>Landslides (mortality)</term>
<term>Nepal</term>
<term>Safety Management (methods)</term>
<term>Satellite Imagery</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<PMID Version="1">26676355</PMID>
<DateCreated>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9203</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>351</Volume>
<Issue>6269</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>Jan</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Science (New York, N.Y.)</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Science</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>aac8353</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1126/science.aac8353</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">aac8353</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Kargel</LastName>
<ForeName>J S</ForeName>
<Initials>JS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Leonard</LastName>
<ForeName>G J</ForeName>
<Initials>GJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Shugar</LastName>
<ForeName>D H</ForeName>
<Initials>DH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Haritashya</LastName>
<ForeName>U K</ForeName>
<Initials>UK</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA. kargel@hwr.arizona.edu dshugar@uw.edu uharitashya1@udayton.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Bevington</LastName>
<ForeName>A</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Fielding</LastName>
<ForeName>E J</ForeName>
<Initials>EJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Fujita</LastName>
<ForeName>K</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.</Affiliation>
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