Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms.
Identifieur interne : 002388 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002387; suivant : 002389Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms.
Auteurs : Romain Frelat ; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura ; Ken E. Giller ; Mario Herrero ; Sabine Douxchamps ; Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt ; Olaf Erenstein ; Ben Henderson ; Menale Kassie ; Birthe K. Paul ; Cyrille Rigolot ; Randall S. Ritzema ; Daniel Rodriguez ; Piet J A. Van Asten ; Mark T. Van WijkSource :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Africa South of the Sahara.
- growth & development : Crops, Agricultural.
- Agriculture, Databases as Topic, Family Characteristics, Food Supply, Geography, Neural Networks (Computer).
Abstract
We calculated a simple indicator of food availability using data from 93 sites in 17 countries across contrasted agroecologies in sub-Saharan Africa (>13,000 farm households) and analyzed the drivers of variations in food availability. Crop production was the major source of energy, contributing 60% of food availability. The off-farm income contribution to food availability ranged from 12% for households without enough food available (18% of the total sample) to 27% for the 58% of households with sufficient food available. Using only three explanatory variables (household size, number of livestock, and land area), we were able to predict correctly the agricultural determined status of food availability for 72% of the households, but the relationships were strongly influenced by the degree of market access. Our analyses suggest that targeting poverty through improving market access and off-farm opportunities is a better strategy to increase food security than focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps. This calls for multisectoral policy harmonization, incentives, and diversification of employment sources rather than a singular focus on agricultural development. Recognizing and understanding diversity among smallholder farm households in sub-Saharan Africa is key for the design of policies that aim to improve food security.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518384112
PubMed: 26712016
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pubmed:26712016Le document en format XML
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Giller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrero, Mario" sort="Herrero, Mario" uniqKey="Herrero M" first="Mario" last="Herrero">Mario Herrero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douxchamps, Sabine" sort="Douxchamps, Sabine" uniqKey="Douxchamps S" first="Sabine" last="Douxchamps">Sabine Douxchamps</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes" sort="Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes" uniqKey="Andersson Djurfeldt A" first="Agnes" last="Andersson Djurfeldt">Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Geography, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erenstein, Olaf" sort="Erenstein, Olaf" uniqKey="Erenstein O" first="Olaf" last="Erenstein">Olaf Erenstein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Ben" sort="Henderson, Ben" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Ben" last="Henderson">Ben Henderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassie, Menale" sort="Kassie, Menale" uniqKey="Kassie M" first="Menale" last="Kassie">Menale Kassie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paul, Birthe K" sort="Paul, Birthe K" uniqKey="Paul B" first="Birthe K" last="Paul">Birthe K. Paul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Forages Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rigolot, Cyrille" sort="Rigolot, Cyrille" uniqKey="Rigolot C" first="Cyrille" last="Rigolot">Cyrille Rigolot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1273 Metafort, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritzema, Randall S" sort="Ritzema, Randall S" uniqKey="Ritzema R" first="Randall S" last="Ritzema">Randall S. Ritzema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Daniel" sort="Rodriguez, Daniel" uniqKey="Rodriguez D" first="Daniel" last="Rodriguez">Daniel Rodriguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Asten, Piet J A" sort="Van Asten, Piet J A" uniqKey="Van Asten P" first="Piet J A" last="Van Asten">Piet J A. Van Asten</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wijk, Mark T" sort="Van Wijk, Mark T" uniqKey="Van Wijk M" first="Mark T" last="Van Wijk">Mark T. Van Wijk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; m.vanwijk@cgiar.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26712016</idno><idno type="pmid">26712016</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1518384112</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002388</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002388</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms.</title><author><name sortKey="Frelat, Romain" sort="Frelat, Romain" uniqKey="Frelat R" first="Romain" last="Frelat">Romain Frelat</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Ridaura, Santiago" sort="Lopez Ridaura, Santiago" uniqKey="Lopez Ridaura S" first="Santiago" last="Lopez-Ridaura">Santiago Lopez-Ridaura</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giller, Ken E" sort="Giller, Ken E" uniqKey="Giller K" first="Ken E" last="Giller">Ken E. Giller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrero, Mario" sort="Herrero, Mario" uniqKey="Herrero M" first="Mario" last="Herrero">Mario Herrero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douxchamps, Sabine" sort="Douxchamps, Sabine" uniqKey="Douxchamps S" first="Sabine" last="Douxchamps">Sabine Douxchamps</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes" sort="Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes" uniqKey="Andersson Djurfeldt A" first="Agnes" last="Andersson Djurfeldt">Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Geography, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erenstein, Olaf" sort="Erenstein, Olaf" uniqKey="Erenstein O" first="Olaf" last="Erenstein">Olaf Erenstein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Ben" sort="Henderson, Ben" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Ben" last="Henderson">Ben Henderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassie, Menale" sort="Kassie, Menale" uniqKey="Kassie M" first="Menale" last="Kassie">Menale Kassie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paul, Birthe K" sort="Paul, Birthe K" uniqKey="Paul B" first="Birthe K" last="Paul">Birthe K. Paul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Forages Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rigolot, Cyrille" sort="Rigolot, Cyrille" uniqKey="Rigolot C" first="Cyrille" last="Rigolot">Cyrille Rigolot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1273 Metafort, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritzema, Randall S" sort="Ritzema, Randall S" uniqKey="Ritzema R" first="Randall S" last="Ritzema">Randall S. Ritzema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Daniel" sort="Rodriguez, Daniel" uniqKey="Rodriguez D" first="Daniel" last="Rodriguez">Daniel Rodriguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Asten, Piet J A" sort="Van Asten, Piet J A" uniqKey="Van Asten P" first="Piet J A" last="Van Asten">Piet J A. Van Asten</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wijk, Mark T" sort="Van Wijk, Mark T" uniqKey="Van Wijk M" first="Mark T" last="Van Wijk">Mark T. Van Wijk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; m.vanwijk@cgiar.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term><term>Agriculture</term><term>Crops, Agricultural (growth & development)</term><term>Databases as Topic</term><term>Family Characteristics</term><term>Food Supply</term><term>Geography</term><term>Neural Networks (Computer)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="growth & development" xml:lang="en"><term>Crops, Agricultural</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term><term>Databases as Topic</term><term>Family Characteristics</term><term>Food Supply</term><term>Geography</term><term>Neural Networks (Computer)</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We calculated a simple indicator of food availability using data from 93 sites in 17 countries across contrasted agroecologies in sub-Saharan Africa (>13,000 farm households) and analyzed the drivers of variations in food availability. Crop production was the major source of energy, contributing 60% of food availability. The off-farm income contribution to food availability ranged from 12% for households without enough food available (18% of the total sample) to 27% for the 58% of households with sufficient food available. Using only three explanatory variables (household size, number of livestock, and land area), we were able to predict correctly the agricultural determined status of food availability for 72% of the households, but the relationships were strongly influenced by the degree of market access. Our analyses suggest that targeting poverty through improving market access and off-farm opportunities is a better strategy to increase food security than focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps. This calls for multisectoral policy harmonization, incentives, and diversification of employment sources rather than a singular focus on agricultural development. Recognizing and understanding diversity among smallholder farm households in sub-Saharan Africa is key for the design of policies that aim to improve food security.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26712016</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>23</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>113</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>458-63</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1518384112</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We calculated a simple indicator of food availability using data from 93 sites in 17 countries across contrasted agroecologies in sub-Saharan Africa (>13,000 farm households) and analyzed the drivers of variations in food availability. Crop production was the major source of energy, contributing 60% of food availability. The off-farm income contribution to food availability ranged from 12% for households without enough food available (18% of the total sample) to 27% for the 58% of households with sufficient food available. Using only three explanatory variables (household size, number of livestock, and land area), we were able to predict correctly the agricultural determined status of food availability for 72% of the households, but the relationships were strongly influenced by the degree of market access. Our analyses suggest that targeting poverty through improving market access and off-farm opportunities is a better strategy to increase food security than focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps. This calls for multisectoral policy harmonization, incentives, and diversification of employment sources rather than a singular focus on agricultural development. Recognizing and understanding diversity among smallholder farm households in sub-Saharan Africa is key for the design of policies that aim to improve food security.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frelat</LastName><ForeName>Romain</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez-Ridaura</LastName><ForeName>Santiago</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giller</LastName><ForeName>Ken E</ForeName><Initials>KE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-4652</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herrero</LastName><ForeName>Mario</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Douxchamps</LastName><ForeName>Sabine</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andersson Djurfeldt</LastName><ForeName>Agnes</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Geography, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Erenstein</LastName><ForeName>Olaf</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henderson</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kassie</LastName><ForeName>Menale</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Sustainable Intensification and Socioeconomics programs, 06600 Mexico City, Mexico;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paul</LastName><ForeName>Birthe K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Forages Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rigolot</LastName><ForeName>Cyrille</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1273 Metafort, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ritzema</LastName><ForeName>Randall S</ForeName><Initials>RS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodriguez</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Asten</LastName><ForeName>Piet J A</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Wijk</LastName><ForeName>Mark T</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Livestock Research Institute, Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; m.vanwijk@cgiar.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2011 Oct 20;478(7369):337-42</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21993620</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):822-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20150490</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017954" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Africa South of the Sahara</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Agriculture</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018556" MajorTopicYN="N">Crops, Agricultural</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019992" MajorTopicYN="Y">Databases as Topic</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005191" MajorTopicYN="Y">Family Characteristics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005523" MajorTopicYN="Y">Food Supply</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005843" MajorTopicYN="N">Geography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016571" MajorTopicYN="N">Neural Networks (Computer)</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4720294</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">farm size</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">food security</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">resource scarcity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">smallholder farmers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">yield gap</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26712016</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">1518384112</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1073/pnas.1518384112</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4720294</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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