Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer.
Identifieur interne : 002198 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002197; suivant : 002199Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer.
Auteurs : Graeme P. Young ; Carlo Senore ; Jack S. Mandel ; James E. Allison ; Wendy S. Atkin ; Robert Benamouzig ; Patrick M M. Bossuyt ; Mahinda De Silva ; Lydia Guittet ; Stephen P. Halloran ; Ulrike Haug ; Geir Hoff ; Steven H. Itzkowitz ; Marcis Leja ; Bernard Levin ; Gerrit A. Meijer ; Colm A. O'Morain ; Susan Parry ; Linda Rabeneck ; Paul Rozen ; Hiroshi Saito ; Robert E. Schoen ; Helen E. Seaman ; Robert J C. Steele ; Joseph J Y. Sung ; Sidney J. WinawerSource :
- Cancer [ 1097-0142 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis), Case-Control Studies, Clinical Trials as Topic, Colonoscopy, Colorectal Neoplasms (diagnosis), Early Detection of Cancer (methods), Evaluation Studies as Topic, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Mass Screening (methods), Occult Blood, Practice Guidelines as Topic (standards), Reproducibility of Results, Research Design, Sample Size.
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Biomarkers, Tumor.
- diagnosis : Colorectal Neoplasms.
- methods : Early Detection of Cancer, Mass Screening.
- standards : Practice Guidelines as Topic.
- Case-Control Studies, Clinical Trials as Topic, Colonoscopy, Evaluation Studies as Topic, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Occult Blood, Reproducibility of Results, Research Design, Sample Size.
Abstract
New screening tests for colorectal cancer continue to emerge, but the evidence needed to justify their adoption in screening programs remains uncertain.
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29865
PubMed: 26828588
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26828588Le document en format XML
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Mandel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allison, James E" sort="Allison, James E" uniqKey="Allison J" first="James E" last="Allison">James E. Allison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco and Kaiser Division of Research, Oakland, California.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkin, Wendy S" sort="Atkin, Wendy S" uniqKey="Atkin W" first="Wendy S" last="Atkin">Wendy S. Atkin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastrointestinal Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benamouzig, Robert" sort="Benamouzig, Robert" uniqKey="Benamouzig R" first="Robert" last="Benamouzig">Robert Benamouzig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossuyt, Patrick M M" sort="Bossuyt, Patrick M M" uniqKey="Bossuyt P" first="Patrick M M" last="Bossuyt">Patrick M M. Bossuyt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Mahinda De" sort="Silva, Mahinda De" uniqKey="Silva M" first="Mahinda De" last="Silva">Mahinda De Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guittet, Lydia" sort="Guittet, Lydia" uniqKey="Guittet L" first="Lydia" last="Guittet">Lydia Guittet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unit 1086, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Cancers and Preventions Center, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Stephen P" sort="Halloran, Stephen P" uniqKey="Halloran S" first="Stephen P" last="Halloran">Stephen P. Halloran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haug, Ulrike" sort="Haug, Ulrike" uniqKey="Haug U" first="Ulrike" last="Haug">Ulrike Haug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoff, Geir" sort="Hoff, Geir" uniqKey="Hoff G" first="Geir" last="Hoff">Geir Hoff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Telemark Hospital, Skein Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Itzkowitz, Steven H" sort="Itzkowitz, Steven H" uniqKey="Itzkowitz S" first="Steven H" last="Itzkowitz">Steven H. Itzkowitz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastrointestinal Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leja, Marcis" sort="Leja, Marcis" uniqKey="Leja M" first="Marcis" last="Leja">Marcis Leja</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Digestive Diseases Center, GASTRO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Bernard" sort="Levin, Bernard" uniqKey="Levin B" first="Bernard" last="Levin">Bernard Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Gerrit A" sort="Meijer, Gerrit A" uniqKey="Meijer G" first="Gerrit A" last="Meijer">Gerrit A. Meijer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Morain, Colm A" sort="O Morain, Colm A" uniqKey="O Morain C" first="Colm A" last="O'Morain">Colm A. O'Morain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parry, Susan" sort="Parry, Susan" uniqKey="Parry S" first="Susan" last="Parry">Susan Parry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health Bowel Cancer Program, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabeneck, Linda" sort="Rabeneck, Linda" uniqKey="Rabeneck L" first="Linda" last="Rabeneck">Linda Rabeneck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rozen, Paul" sort="Rozen, Paul" uniqKey="Rozen P" first="Paul" last="Rozen">Paul Rozen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Sestopali Fund for Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention, Tel Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Hiroshi" sort="Saito, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Saito H" first="Hiroshi" last="Saito">Hiroshi Saito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoen, Robert E" sort="Schoen, Robert E" uniqKey="Schoen R" first="Robert E" last="Schoen">Robert E. Schoen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seaman, Helen E" sort="Seaman, Helen E" uniqKey="Seaman H" first="Helen E" last="Seaman">Helen E. Seaman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Southern Program Hub, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steele, Robert J C" sort="Steele, Robert J C" uniqKey="Steele R" first="Robert J C" last="Steele">Robert J C. Steele</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Joseph J Y" sort="Sung, Joseph J Y" uniqKey="Sung J" first="Joseph J Y" last="Sung">Joseph J Y. Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Office of the Vice Chancellor, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winawer, Sidney J" sort="Winawer, Sidney J" uniqKey="Winawer S" first="Sidney J" last="Winawer">Sidney J. Winawer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26828588</idno><idno type="pmid">26828588</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/cncr.29865</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002198</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002198</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer.</title><author><name sortKey="Young, Graeme P" sort="Young, Graeme P" uniqKey="Young G" first="Graeme P" last="Young">Graeme P. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Flinders Center for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senore, Carlo" sort="Senore, Carlo" uniqKey="Senore C" first="Carlo" last="Senore">Carlo Senore</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Piedmont Regional Center for Preventive Oncology, City Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mandel, Jack S" sort="Mandel, Jack S" uniqKey="Mandel J" first="Jack S" last="Mandel">Jack S. Mandel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allison, James E" sort="Allison, James E" uniqKey="Allison J" first="James E" last="Allison">James E. Allison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco and Kaiser Division of Research, Oakland, California.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkin, Wendy S" sort="Atkin, Wendy S" uniqKey="Atkin W" first="Wendy S" last="Atkin">Wendy S. Atkin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastrointestinal Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benamouzig, Robert" sort="Benamouzig, Robert" uniqKey="Benamouzig R" first="Robert" last="Benamouzig">Robert Benamouzig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossuyt, Patrick M M" sort="Bossuyt, Patrick M M" uniqKey="Bossuyt P" first="Patrick M M" last="Bossuyt">Patrick M M. Bossuyt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Mahinda De" sort="Silva, Mahinda De" uniqKey="Silva M" first="Mahinda De" last="Silva">Mahinda De Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guittet, Lydia" sort="Guittet, Lydia" uniqKey="Guittet L" first="Lydia" last="Guittet">Lydia Guittet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unit 1086, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Cancers and Preventions Center, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Stephen P" sort="Halloran, Stephen P" uniqKey="Halloran S" first="Stephen P" last="Halloran">Stephen P. Halloran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haug, Ulrike" sort="Haug, Ulrike" uniqKey="Haug U" first="Ulrike" last="Haug">Ulrike Haug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoff, Geir" sort="Hoff, Geir" uniqKey="Hoff G" first="Geir" last="Hoff">Geir Hoff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Telemark Hospital, Skein Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Itzkowitz, Steven H" sort="Itzkowitz, Steven H" uniqKey="Itzkowitz S" first="Steven H" last="Itzkowitz">Steven H. Itzkowitz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastrointestinal Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leja, Marcis" sort="Leja, Marcis" uniqKey="Leja M" first="Marcis" last="Leja">Marcis Leja</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Digestive Diseases Center, GASTRO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Bernard" sort="Levin, Bernard" uniqKey="Levin B" first="Bernard" last="Levin">Bernard Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Gerrit A" sort="Meijer, Gerrit A" uniqKey="Meijer G" first="Gerrit A" last="Meijer">Gerrit A. Meijer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Morain, Colm A" sort="O Morain, Colm A" uniqKey="O Morain C" first="Colm A" last="O'Morain">Colm A. O'Morain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parry, Susan" sort="Parry, Susan" uniqKey="Parry S" first="Susan" last="Parry">Susan Parry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health Bowel Cancer Program, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabeneck, Linda" sort="Rabeneck, Linda" uniqKey="Rabeneck L" first="Linda" last="Rabeneck">Linda Rabeneck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rozen, Paul" sort="Rozen, Paul" uniqKey="Rozen P" first="Paul" last="Rozen">Paul Rozen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Sestopali Fund for Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention, Tel Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Hiroshi" sort="Saito, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Saito H" first="Hiroshi" last="Saito">Hiroshi Saito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoen, Robert E" sort="Schoen, Robert E" uniqKey="Schoen R" first="Robert E" last="Schoen">Robert E. Schoen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seaman, Helen E" sort="Seaman, Helen E" uniqKey="Seaman H" first="Helen E" last="Seaman">Helen E. Seaman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Southern Program Hub, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steele, Robert J C" sort="Steele, Robert J C" uniqKey="Steele R" first="Robert J C" last="Steele">Robert J C. Steele</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Joseph J Y" sort="Sung, Joseph J Y" uniqKey="Sung J" first="Joseph J Y" last="Sung">Joseph J Y. Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Office of the Vice Chancellor, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winawer, Sidney J" sort="Winawer, Sidney J" uniqKey="Winawer S" first="Sidney J" last="Winawer">Sidney J. Winawer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cancer</title><idno type="eISSN">1097-0142</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis)</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term><term>Colonoscopy</term><term>Colorectal Neoplasms (diagnosis)</term><term>Early Detection of Cancer (methods)</term><term>Evaluation Studies as Topic</term><term>False Positive Reactions</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mass Screening (methods)</term><term>Occult Blood</term><term>Practice Guidelines as Topic (standards)</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term><term>Research Design</term><term>Sample Size</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers, Tumor</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Colorectal Neoplasms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Early Detection of Cancer</term><term>Mass Screening</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Practice Guidelines as Topic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term><term>Colonoscopy</term><term>Evaluation Studies as Topic</term><term>False Positive Reactions</term><term>Humans</term><term>Occult Blood</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term><term>Research Design</term><term>Sample Size</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">New screening tests for colorectal cancer continue to emerge, but the evidence needed to justify their adoption in screening programs remains uncertain.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26828588</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1097-0142</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>122</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cancer</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cancer</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>826-39</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/cncr.29865</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">New screening tests for colorectal cancer continue to emerge, but the evidence needed to justify their adoption in screening programs remains uncertain.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A review of the literature and a consensus approach by experts was undertaken to provide practical guidance on how to compare new screening tests with proven screening tests.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Findings and recommendations from the review included the following: Adoption of a new screening test requires evidence of effectiveness relative to a proven comparator test. Clinical accuracy supported by programmatic population evaluation in the screening context on an intention-to-screen basis, including acceptability, is essential. Cancer-specific mortality is not essential as an endpoint provided that the mortality benefit of the comparator has been demonstrated and that the biologic basis of detection is similar. Effectiveness of the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test provides the minimum standard to be achieved by a new test. A 4-phase evaluation is recommended. An initial retrospective evaluation in cancer cases and controls (Phase 1) is followed by a prospective evaluation of performance across the continuum of neoplastic lesions (Phase 2). Phase 3 follows the demonstration of adequate accuracy in these 2 prescreening phases and addresses programmatic outcomes at 1 screening round on an intention-to-screen basis. Phase 4 involves more comprehensive evaluation of ongoing screening over multiple rounds. Key information is provided from the following parameters: the test positivity rate in a screening population, the true-positive and false-positive rates, and the number needed to colonoscope to detect a target lesion.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">New screening tests can be evaluated efficiently by this stepwise comparative approach.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Young</LastName><ForeName>Graeme P</ForeName><Initials>GP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Flinders Center for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Senore</LastName><ForeName>Carlo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Piedmont Regional Center for Preventive Oncology, City Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandel</LastName><ForeName>Jack S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allison</LastName><ForeName>James E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco and Kaiser Division of Research, Oakland, California.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Atkin</LastName><ForeName>Wendy S</ForeName><Initials>WS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastrointestinal Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Benamouzig</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bossuyt</LastName><ForeName>Patrick M M</ForeName><Initials>PM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silva</LastName><ForeName>Mahinda De</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guittet</LastName><ForeName>Lydia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit 1086, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Cancers and Preventions Center, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Halloran</LastName><ForeName>Stephen P</ForeName><Initials>SP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haug</LastName><ForeName>Ulrike</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoff</LastName><ForeName>Geir</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Telemark Hospital, Skein Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Itzkowitz</LastName><ForeName>Steven H</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastrointestinal Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leja</LastName><ForeName>Marcis</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Digestive Diseases Center, GASTRO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levin</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meijer</LastName><ForeName>Gerrit A</ForeName><Initials>GA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Morain</LastName><ForeName>Colm A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parry</LastName><ForeName>Susan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health Bowel Cancer Program, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabeneck</LastName><ForeName>Linda</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rozen</LastName><ForeName>Paul</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Sestopali Fund for Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention, Tel Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saito</LastName><ForeName>Hiroshi</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schoen</LastName><ForeName>Robert E</ForeName><Initials>RE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seaman</LastName><ForeName>Helen E</ForeName><Initials>HE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Southern Program Hub, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steele</LastName><ForeName>Robert J C</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sung</LastName><ForeName>Joseph J Y</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Office of the Vice Chancellor, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Winawer</LastName><ForeName>Sidney J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Cancer</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0374236</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0008-543X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014408">Biomarkers, Tumor</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections 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Cancer</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005069" MajorTopicYN="Y">Evaluation Studies as Topic</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005189" MajorTopicYN="N">False Positive Reactions</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008403" MajorTopicYN="N">Mass Screening</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009780" MajorTopicYN="Y">Occult Blood</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017410" MajorTopicYN="N">Practice Guidelines as Topic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="N">standards</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012107" MajorTopicYN="Y">Research Design</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018401" MajorTopicYN="N">Sample Size</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">colonoscopy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">colorectal cancer</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">fecal occult blood test</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">molecular diagnostics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">screening test</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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