Defining Planktonic Protist Functional Groups on Mechanisms for Energy and Nutrient Acquisition: Incorporation of Diverse Mixotrophic Strategies.
Identifieur interne : 002053 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002052; suivant : 002054Defining Planktonic Protist Functional Groups on Mechanisms for Energy and Nutrient Acquisition: Incorporation of Diverse Mixotrophic Strategies.
Auteurs : Aditee Mitra ; Kevin J. Flynn ; Urban Tillmann ; John A. Raven ; David Caron ; Diane K. Stoecker ; Fabrice Not ; Per J. Hansen ; Gustaaf Hallegraeff ; Robert Sanders ; Susanne Wilken ; George Mcmanus ; Mathew Johnson ; Paraskevi Pitta ; Selina V Ge ; Terje Berge ; Albert Calbet ; Frede Thingstad ; Hae Jin Jeong ; Joann Burkholder ; Patricia M. Glibert ; Edna Granéli ; Veronica LundgrenSource :
- Protist [ 1618-0941 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Energy Metabolism (physiology), Eukaryota (classification), Eukaryota (metabolism), Eukaryota (physiology), Food Chain, Phototrophic Processes, Phylogeny, Phytoplankton (classification), Phytoplankton (metabolism), Phytoplankton (physiology), Zooplankton (classification), Zooplankton (metabolism), Zooplankton (physiology).
- MESH :
- classification : Eukaryota, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton.
- metabolism : Eukaryota, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton.
- physiology : Energy Metabolism, Eukaryota, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton.
- Animals, Food Chain, Phototrophic Processes, Phylogeny.
Abstract
Arranging organisms into functional groups aids ecological research by grouping organisms (irrespective of phylogenetic origin) that interact with environmental factors in similar ways. Planktonic protists traditionally have been split between photoautotrophic "phytoplankton" and phagotrophic "microzooplankton". However, there is a growing recognition of the importance of mixotrophy in euphotic aquatic systems, where many protists often combine photoautotrophic and phagotrophic modes of nutrition. Such organisms do not align with the traditional dichotomy of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. To reflect this understanding, we propose a new functional grouping of planktonic protists in an eco-physiological context: (i) phagoheterotrophs lacking phototrophic capacity, (ii) photoautotrophs lacking phagotrophic capacity, (iii) constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) as phagotrophs with an inherent capacity for phototrophy, and (iv) non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire their phototrophic capacity by ingesting specific (SNCM) or general non-specific (GNCM) prey. For the first time, we incorporate these functional groups within a foodweb structure and show, using model outputs, that there is scope for significant changes in trophic dynamics depending on the protist functional type description. Accordingly, to better reflect the role of mixotrophy, we recommend that as important tools for explanatory and predictive research, aquatic food-web and biogeochemical models need to redefine the protist groups within their frameworks.
DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.01.003
PubMed: 26927496
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26927496Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Tillmann, Urban" sort="Tillmann, Urban" uniqKey="Tillmann U" first="Urban" last="Tillmann">Urban Tillmann</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Raven, John A" sort="Raven, John A" uniqKey="Raven J" first="John A" last="Raven">John A. Raven</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hansen, Per J" sort="Hansen, Per J" uniqKey="Hansen P" first="Per J" last="Hansen">Per J. Hansen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hallegraeff, Gustaaf" sort="Hallegraeff, Gustaaf" uniqKey="Hallegraeff G" first="Gustaaf" last="Hallegraeff">Gustaaf Hallegraeff</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sanders, Robert" sort="Sanders, Robert" uniqKey="Sanders R" first="Robert" last="Sanders">Robert Sanders</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mcmanus, George" sort="Mcmanus, George" uniqKey="Mcmanus G" first="George" last="Mcmanus">George Mcmanus</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Mathew" sort="Johnson, Mathew" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="Mathew" last="Johnson">Mathew Johnson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543 USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Pitta, Paraskevi" sort="Pitta, Paraskevi" uniqKey="Pitta P" first="Paraskevi" last="Pitta">Paraskevi Pitta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="V Ge, Selina" sort="V Ge, Selina" uniqKey="V Ge S" first="Selina" last="V Ge">Selina V Ge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Berge, Terje" sort="Berge, Terje" uniqKey="Berge T" first="Terje" last="Berge">Terje Berge</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Calbet, Albert" sort="Calbet, Albert" uniqKey="Calbet A" first="Albert" last="Calbet">Albert Calbet</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thingstad, Frede" sort="Thingstad, Frede" uniqKey="Thingstad F" first="Frede" last="Thingstad">Frede Thingstad</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hae Jin" sort="Jeong, Hae Jin" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hae Jin" last="Jeong">Hae Jin Jeong</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Burkholder, Joann" sort="Burkholder, Joann" uniqKey="Burkholder J" first="Joann" last="Burkholder">Joann Burkholder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Glibert, Patricia M" sort="Glibert, Patricia M" uniqKey="Glibert P" first="Patricia M" last="Glibert">Patricia M. Glibert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge MD 21613, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graneli, Edna" sort="Graneli, Edna" uniqKey="Graneli E" first="Edna" last="Granéli">Edna Granéli</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lundgren, Veronica" sort="Lundgren, Veronica" uniqKey="Lundgren V" first="Veronica" last="Lundgren">Veronica Lundgren</name>
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</affiliation>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Not, Fabrice" sort="Not, Fabrice" uniqKey="Not F" first="Fabrice" last="Not">Fabrice Not</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallegraeff, Gustaaf" sort="Hallegraeff, Gustaaf" uniqKey="Hallegraeff G" first="Gustaaf" last="Hallegraeff">Gustaaf Hallegraeff</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanders, Robert" sort="Sanders, Robert" uniqKey="Sanders R" first="Robert" last="Sanders">Robert Sanders</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wilken, Susanne" sort="Wilken, Susanne" uniqKey="Wilken S" first="Susanne" last="Wilken">Susanne Wilken</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Mathew" sort="Johnson, Mathew" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="Mathew" last="Johnson">Mathew Johnson</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pitta, Paraskevi" sort="Pitta, Paraskevi" uniqKey="Pitta P" first="Paraskevi" last="Pitta">Paraskevi Pitta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="V Ge, Selina" sort="V Ge, Selina" uniqKey="V Ge S" first="Selina" last="V Ge">Selina V Ge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berge, Terje" sort="Berge, Terje" uniqKey="Berge T" first="Terje" last="Berge">Terje Berge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Ocean Life, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Calbet, Albert" sort="Calbet, Albert" uniqKey="Calbet A" first="Albert" last="Calbet">Albert Calbet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Ps. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hae Jin" sort="Jeong, Hae Jin" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hae Jin" last="Jeong">Hae Jin Jeong</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burkholder, Joann" sort="Burkholder, Joann" uniqKey="Burkholder J" first="Joann" last="Burkholder">Joann Burkholder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glibert, Patricia M" sort="Glibert, Patricia M" uniqKey="Glibert P" first="Patricia M" last="Glibert">Patricia M. Glibert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge MD 21613, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graneli, Edna" sort="Graneli, Edna" uniqKey="Graneli E" first="Edna" last="Granéli">Edna Granéli</name>
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</affiliation>
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</affiliation>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Arranging organisms into functional groups aids ecological research by grouping organisms (irrespective of phylogenetic origin) that interact with environmental factors in similar ways. Planktonic protists traditionally have been split between photoautotrophic "phytoplankton" and phagotrophic "microzooplankton". However, there is a growing recognition of the importance of mixotrophy in euphotic aquatic systems, where many protists often combine photoautotrophic and phagotrophic modes of nutrition. Such organisms do not align with the traditional dichotomy of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. To reflect this understanding, we propose a new functional grouping of planktonic protists in an eco-physiological context: (i) phagoheterotrophs lacking phototrophic capacity, (ii) photoautotrophs lacking phagotrophic capacity, (iii) constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) as phagotrophs with an inherent capacity for phototrophy, and (iv) non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire their phototrophic capacity by ingesting specific (SNCM) or general non-specific (GNCM) prey. For the first time, we incorporate these functional groups within a foodweb structure and show, using model outputs, that there is scope for significant changes in trophic dynamics depending on the protist functional type description. Accordingly, to better reflect the role of mixotrophy, we recommend that as important tools for explanatory and predictive research, aquatic food-web and biogeochemical models need to redefine the protist groups within their frameworks.</div>
</front>
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<ArticleTitle>Defining Planktonic Protist Functional Groups on Mechanisms for Energy and Nutrient Acquisition: Incorporation of Diverse Mixotrophic Strategies.</ArticleTitle>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Arranging organisms into functional groups aids ecological research by grouping organisms (irrespective of phylogenetic origin) that interact with environmental factors in similar ways. Planktonic protists traditionally have been split between photoautotrophic "phytoplankton" and phagotrophic "microzooplankton". However, there is a growing recognition of the importance of mixotrophy in euphotic aquatic systems, where many protists often combine photoautotrophic and phagotrophic modes of nutrition. Such organisms do not align with the traditional dichotomy of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. To reflect this understanding, we propose a new functional grouping of planktonic protists in an eco-physiological context: (i) phagoheterotrophs lacking phototrophic capacity, (ii) photoautotrophs lacking phagotrophic capacity, (iii) constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) as phagotrophs with an inherent capacity for phototrophy, and (iv) non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire their phototrophic capacity by ingesting specific (SNCM) or general non-specific (GNCM) prey. For the first time, we incorporate these functional groups within a foodweb structure and show, using model outputs, that there is scope for significant changes in trophic dynamics depending on the protist functional type description. Accordingly, to better reflect the role of mixotrophy, we recommend that as important tools for explanatory and predictive research, aquatic food-web and biogeochemical models need to redefine the protist groups within their frameworks.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mitra</LastName>
<ForeName>Aditee</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: A.Mitra@swansea.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Flynn</LastName>
<ForeName>Kevin J</ForeName>
<Initials>KJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tillmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Urban</ForeName>
<Initials>U</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raven</LastName>
<ForeName>John A</ForeName>
<Initials>JA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (permanent address) and Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.</Affiliation>
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<Initials>V</Initials>
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<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">phagotroph</Keyword>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year>
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<Day>08</Day>
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<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.protis.2016.01.003</ArticleId>
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