Repeated Measurements of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Identify Carriers of Inactive HBV During Long-term Follow-up.
Identifieur interne : 001767 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001766; suivant : 001768Repeated Measurements of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Identify Carriers of Inactive HBV During Long-term Follow-up.
Auteurs : Willem P. Brouwer ; Henry Lik-Yuen Chan ; Maurizia R. Brunetto ; Michelle Martinot-Peignoux ; Pauline Arends ; Markus Cornberg ; Beatrice Cherubini ; Alex J V. Thompson ; Yun-Fan Liaw ; Patrick Marcellin ; Harry L A. Janssen ; Bettina E. HansenSource :
- Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association [ 1542-7714 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase (blood), Asia, Australia, Carrier State (diagnosis), DNA, Viral (blood), Diagnostic Tests, Routine (methods), Europe, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (blood), Hepatitis B, Chronic (diagnosis), Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tertiary Care Centers.
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Alanine Transaminase, DNA, Viral, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens.
- diagnosis : Carrier State, Hepatitis B, Chronic.
- methods : Diagnostic Tests, Routine.
- Adult, Aged, Asia, Australia, Europe, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tertiary Care Centers.
Abstract
Measurements of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA might help to identify carriers of inactive HBV. We assessed the performance of repeated measurements of HBsAg over a median time period of 8 years.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.01.019
PubMed: 26872398
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26872398Le document en format XML
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Brunetto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinot Peignoux, Michelle" sort="Martinot Peignoux, Michelle" uniqKey="Martinot Peignoux M" first="Michelle" last="Martinot-Peignoux">Michelle Martinot-Peignoux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arends, Pauline" sort="Arends, Pauline" uniqKey="Arends P" first="Pauline" last="Arends">Pauline Arends</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornberg, Markus" sort="Cornberg, Markus" uniqKey="Cornberg M" first="Markus" last="Cornberg">Markus Cornberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherubini, Beatrice" sort="Cherubini, Beatrice" uniqKey="Cherubini B" first="Beatrice" last="Cherubini">Beatrice Cherubini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Alex J V" sort="Thompson, Alex J V" uniqKey="Thompson A" first="Alex J V" last="Thompson">Alex J V. 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Janssen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; UHN Liver Clinic, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Bettina E" sort="Hansen, Bettina E" uniqKey="Hansen B" first="Bettina E" last="Hansen">Bettina E. Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26872398</idno><idno type="pmid">26872398</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.cgh.2016.01.019</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001767</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001767</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Repeated Measurements of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Identify Carriers of Inactive HBV During Long-term Follow-up.</title><author><name sortKey="Brouwer, Willem P" sort="Brouwer, Willem P" uniqKey="Brouwer W" first="Willem P" last="Brouwer">Willem P. Brouwer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: w.p.brouwer@erasmusmc.nl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Henry Lik Yuen" sort="Chan, Henry Lik Yuen" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Henry Lik-Yuen" last="Chan">Henry Lik-Yuen Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunetto, Maurizia R" sort="Brunetto, Maurizia R" uniqKey="Brunetto M" first="Maurizia R" last="Brunetto">Maurizia R. Brunetto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinot Peignoux, Michelle" sort="Martinot Peignoux, Michelle" uniqKey="Martinot Peignoux M" first="Michelle" last="Martinot-Peignoux">Michelle Martinot-Peignoux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arends, Pauline" sort="Arends, Pauline" uniqKey="Arends P" first="Pauline" last="Arends">Pauline Arends</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornberg, Markus" sort="Cornberg, Markus" uniqKey="Cornberg M" first="Markus" last="Cornberg">Markus Cornberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherubini, Beatrice" sort="Cherubini, Beatrice" uniqKey="Cherubini B" first="Beatrice" last="Cherubini">Beatrice Cherubini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Alex J V" sort="Thompson, Alex J V" uniqKey="Thompson A" first="Alex J V" last="Thompson">Alex J V. Thompson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liaw, Yun Fan" sort="Liaw, Yun Fan" uniqKey="Liaw Y" first="Yun-Fan" last="Liaw">Yun-Fan Liaw</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcellin, Patrick" sort="Marcellin, Patrick" uniqKey="Marcellin P" first="Patrick" last="Marcellin">Patrick Marcellin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssen, Harry L A" sort="Janssen, Harry L A" uniqKey="Janssen H" first="Harry L A" last="Janssen">Harry L A. Janssen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; UHN Liver Clinic, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Bettina E" sort="Hansen, Bettina E" uniqKey="Hansen B" first="Bettina E" last="Hansen">Bettina E. Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association</title><idno type="eISSN">1542-7714</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Alanine Transaminase (blood)</term><term>Asia</term><term>Australia</term><term>Carrier State (diagnosis)</term><term>DNA, Viral (blood)</term><term>Diagnostic Tests, Routine (methods)</term><term>Europe</term><term>Female</term><term>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (blood)</term><term>Hepatitis B, Chronic (diagnosis)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Outpatients</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Tertiary Care Centers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Alanine Transaminase</term><term>DNA, Viral</term><term>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Carrier State</term><term>Hepatitis B, Chronic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Diagnostic Tests, Routine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Asia</term><term>Australia</term><term>Europe</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Outpatients</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Tertiary Care Centers</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Measurements of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA might help to identify carriers of inactive HBV. We assessed the performance of repeated measurements of HBsAg over a median time period of 8 years.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26872398</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1542-7714</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>14</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Repeated Measurements of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Identify Carriers of Inactive HBV During Long-term Follow-up.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1481-1489.e5</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.cgh.2016.01.019</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1542-3565(16)00122-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND & AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Measurements of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA might help to identify carriers of inactive HBV. We assessed the performance of repeated measurements of HBsAg over a median time period of 8 years.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We performed a retrospective study of 292 HBe antigen-negative patients with chronic HBV infection, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), levels of HBV DNA <20,000 IU/mL, and no cirrhosis who visited the outpatient clinics at 8 tertiary care centers in Europe, Asia, and Australia from 1990 through 2011. Patients were determined to be carriers of inactive HBV (level of HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL and serum levels of ALT that remained normal) or to have HBV activity (level of HBV DNA fluctuating >2000 IU/mL and/or abnormal levels of ALT) after each year of follow-up. Patients were followed for a median time of 8 years (range, 4-9 years). Dynamic regression analysis was used to study changes in level of HBsAg and HBV phase and to update the risk of HBV activity.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">One year after study enrollment, 189 patients (65%) had inactive HBV and 103 patients (35%) had HBV activity. Based on dynamic analysis, the probability that a patient would have HBV at any following year differed according to level of HBsAg; odds were 97% for patients with initial level of HBsAg <100 IU/mL, 85% for patients with initial levels 100-1000 IU/mL, and 76% for patients with initial levels >1000 IU/mL (P < .001). Having inactive virus for any 2 consecutive years predicted having inactive virus in any third year. However, 15% of patients with level of HBsAg >100 IU/mL had HBV activity in the third year. The combination of HBsAg level <100 IU/mL and HBV DNA level <2000 IU/mL identified patients whose virus remained inactive for the entire follow-up period, with 98% specificity and a positive predictive value of 97%, for all HBV genotypes. Patients with HBV activity who had levels of HBV DNA <5000 IU/mL and decreases in HBsAg of 0.5 log IU/mL or more for 1 year had a high probability of becoming carriers of inactive HBV in the next year.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">In a retrospective, dynamic analysis of almost 300 patients with chronic HBV infection, we found that levels of HBsAg <100 IU/mL identify patients with inactive virus with a high level of specificity. HBsAg levels should therefore be used to define phases of HBV infection in HBe antigen-negative patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouwer</LastName><ForeName>Willem P</ForeName><Initials>WP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: w.p.brouwer@erasmusmc.nl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Henry Lik-Yuen</ForeName><Initials>HL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brunetto</LastName><ForeName>Maurizia R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinot-Peignoux</LastName><ForeName>Michelle</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arends</LastName><ForeName>Pauline</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cornberg</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cherubini</LastName><ForeName>Beatrice</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thompson</LastName><ForeName>Alex J V</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St. Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liaw</LastName><ForeName>Yun-Fan</ForeName><Initials>YF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marcellin</LastName><ForeName>Patrick</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Janssen</LastName><ForeName>Harry L A</ForeName><Initials>HL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; UHN Liver Clinic, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hansen</LastName><ForeName>Bettina E</ForeName><Initials>BE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Good Practice in using HBsAg in Chronic Hepatitis B Study Group (GPs-CHB Study Group)</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D023362">Evaluation Studies</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101160775</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1542-3565</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004279">DNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006514">Hepatitis B Surface Antigens</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.6.1.2</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000410">Alanine Transaminase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000410" MajorTopicYN="N">Alanine Transaminase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001208" MajorTopicYN="N">Asia</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001315" MajorTopicYN="N">Australia</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002353" MajorTopicYN="N">Carrier State</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004279" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003955" MajorTopicYN="N">Diagnostic Tests, Routine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005060" MajorTopicYN="N">Europe</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006514" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis B Surface Antigens</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019694" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatitis B, Chronic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008137" MajorTopicYN="N">Longitudinal Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010045" MajorTopicYN="N">Outpatients</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012680" MajorTopicYN="N">Sensitivity and Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062606" MajorTopicYN="N">Tertiary Care Centers</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Dynamic Prediction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HBe Antigen</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HBs Antigen</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Inactive Carrier</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26872398</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1542-3565(16)00122-1</ArticleId><ArticleId 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