Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.
Identifieur interne : 000673 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000672; suivant : 000674Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.
Auteurs : Ferry Hagen ; H Thorsten Lumbsch ; Valentina Arsic Arsenijevic ; Hamid Badali ; Sebastien Bertout ; R Blake Billmyre ; M Rosa Bragulat ; F Javier Caba Es ; Mauricio Carbia ; Arunaloke Chakrabarti ; Sudha Chaturvedi ; Vishnu Chaturvedi ; Min Chen ; Anuradha Chowdhary ; Maria-Francisca Colom ; Oliver A. Cornely ; Pedro W. Crous ; Maria S. Cuétara ; Mara R. Diaz ; Ana Espinel-Ingroff ; Hamed Fakhim ; Rama Falk ; Wenjie Fang ; Patricia F. Herkert ; Consuelo Ferrer Rodríguez ; James A. Fraser ; Josepa Gené ; Josep Guarro ; Alexander Idnurm ; María-Teresa Illnait-Zaragozi ; Ziauddin Khan ; Kantarawee Khayhan ; Anna Kolecka ; Cletus P. Kurtzman ; Katrien Lagrou ; Wanqing Liao ; Carlos Linares ; Jacques F. Meis ; Kirsten Nielsen ; Tinashe K. Nyazika ; Weihua Pan ; Marina Pekmezovic ; Itzhack Polacheck ; Brunella Posteraro ; Flavio De Queiroz Telles ; Orazio Romeo ; Manuel Sánchez ; Ana Sampaio ; Maurizio Sanguinetti ; Pojana Sriburee ; Takashi Sugita ; Saad J. Taj-Aldeen ; Masako Takashima ; John W. Taylor ; Bart Theelen ; Rok Tomazin ; Paul E. Verweij ; Retno Wahyuningsih ; Ping Wang ; Teun BoekhoutSource :
- mSphere [ 2379-5042 ]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00238-17
PubMed: 28875175
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.</title><author><name sortKey="Hagen, Ferry" sort="Hagen, Ferry" uniqKey="Hagen F" first="Ferry" last="Hagen">Ferry Hagen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbsch, H Thorsten" sort="Lumbsch, H Thorsten" uniqKey="Lumbsch H" first="H Thorsten" last="Lumbsch">H Thorsten Lumbsch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina" sort="Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina" uniqKey="Arsic Arsenijevic V" first="Valentina" last="Arsic Arsenijevic">Valentina Arsic Arsenijevic</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badali, Hamid" sort="Badali, Hamid" uniqKey="Badali H" first="Hamid" last="Badali">Hamid Badali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertout, Sebastien" sort="Bertout, Sebastien" uniqKey="Bertout S" first="Sebastien" last="Bertout">Sebastien Bertout</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unité Mixte Internationale Recherches Translationnelles sur l'Infection à VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Billmyre, R Blake" sort="Billmyre, R Blake" uniqKey="Billmyre R" first="R Blake" last="Billmyre">R Blake Billmyre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragulat, M Rosa" sort="Bragulat, M Rosa" uniqKey="Bragulat M" first="M Rosa" last="Bragulat">M Rosa Bragulat</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caba Es, F Javier" sort="Caba Es, F Javier" uniqKey="Caba Es F" first="F Javier" last="Caba Es">F Javier Caba Es</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbia, Mauricio" sort="Carbia, Mauricio" uniqKey="Carbia M" first="Mauricio" last="Carbia">Mauricio Carbia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, Arunaloke" sort="Chakrabarti, Arunaloke" uniqKey="Chakrabarti A" first="Arunaloke" last="Chakrabarti">Arunaloke Chakrabarti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Sudha" sort="Chaturvedi, Sudha" uniqKey="Chaturvedi S" first="Sudha" last="Chaturvedi">Sudha Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Vishnu" sort="Chaturvedi, Vishnu" uniqKey="Chaturvedi V" first="Vishnu" last="Chaturvedi">Vishnu Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Min" sort="Chen, Min" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Min" last="Chen">Min Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chowdhary, Anuradha" sort="Chowdhary, Anuradha" uniqKey="Chowdhary A" first="Anuradha" last="Chowdhary">Anuradha Chowdhary</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colom, Maria Francisca" sort="Colom, Maria Francisca" uniqKey="Colom M" first="Maria-Francisca" last="Colom">Maria-Francisca Colom</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornely, Oliver A" sort="Cornely, Oliver A" uniqKey="Cornely O" first="Oliver A" last="Cornely">Oliver A. Cornely</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pedro W" sort="Crous, Pedro W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="Pedro W" last="Crous">Pedro W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Phytopathology Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuetara, Maria S" sort="Cuetara, Maria S" uniqKey="Cuetara M" first="Maria S" last="Cuétara">Maria S. Cuétara</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz, Mara R" sort="Diaz, Mara R" uniqKey="Diaz M" first="Mara R" last="Diaz">Mara R. Diaz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, Florida, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Espinel Ingroff, Ana" sort="Espinel Ingroff, Ana" uniqKey="Espinel Ingroff A" first="Ana" last="Espinel-Ingroff">Ana Espinel-Ingroff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fakhim, Hamed" sort="Fakhim, Hamed" uniqKey="Fakhim H" first="Hamed" last="Fakhim">Hamed Fakhim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falk, Rama" sort="Falk, Rama" uniqKey="Falk R" first="Rama" last="Falk">Rama Falk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, Wenjie" sort="Fang, Wenjie" uniqKey="Fang W" first="Wenjie" last="Fang">Wenjie Fang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herkert, Patricia F" sort="Herkert, Patricia F" uniqKey="Herkert P" first="Patricia F" last="Herkert">Patricia F. Herkert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrer Rodriguez, Consuelo" sort="Ferrer Rodriguez, Consuelo" uniqKey="Ferrer Rodriguez C" first="Consuelo" last="Ferrer Rodríguez">Consuelo Ferrer Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, James A" sort="Fraser, James A" uniqKey="Fraser J" first="James A" last="Fraser">James A. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gene, Josepa" sort="Gene, Josepa" uniqKey="Gene J" first="Josepa" last="Gené">Josepa Gené</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guarro, Josep" sort="Guarro, Josep" uniqKey="Guarro J" first="Josep" last="Guarro">Josep Guarro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Idnurm, Alexander" sort="Idnurm, Alexander" uniqKey="Idnurm A" first="Alexander" last="Idnurm">Alexander Idnurm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of BioSciences, BioSciences 2, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illnait Zaragozi, Maria Teresa" sort="Illnait Zaragozi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Illnait Zaragozi M" first="María-Teresa" last="Illnait-Zaragozi">María-Teresa Illnait-Zaragozi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ziauddin" sort="Khan, Ziauddin" uniqKey="Khan Z" first="Ziauddin" last="Khan">Ziauddin Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khayhan, Kantarawee" sort="Khayhan, Kantarawee" uniqKey="Khayhan K" first="Kantarawee" last="Khayhan">Kantarawee Khayhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolecka, Anna" sort="Kolecka, Anna" uniqKey="Kolecka A" first="Anna" last="Kolecka">Anna Kolecka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtzman, Cletus P" sort="Kurtzman, Cletus P" uniqKey="Kurtzman C" first="Cletus P" last="Kurtzman">Cletus P. Kurtzman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagrou, Katrien" sort="Lagrou, Katrien" uniqKey="Lagrou K" first="Katrien" last="Lagrou">Katrien Lagrou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, Wanqing" sort="Liao, Wanqing" uniqKey="Liao W" first="Wanqing" last="Liao">Wanqing Liao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linares, Carlos" sort="Linares, Carlos" uniqKey="Linares C" first="Carlos" last="Linares">Carlos Linares</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meis, Jacques F" sort="Meis, Jacques F" uniqKey="Meis J" first="Jacques F" last="Meis">Jacques F. Meis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kirsten" sort="Nielsen, Kirsten" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kirsten" last="Nielsen">Kirsten Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyazika, Tinashe K" sort="Nyazika, Tinashe K" uniqKey="Nyazika T" first="Tinashe K" last="Nyazika">Tinashe K. Nyazika</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Weihua" sort="Pan, Weihua" uniqKey="Pan W" first="Weihua" last="Pan">Weihua Pan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pekmezovic, Marina" sort="Pekmezovic, Marina" uniqKey="Pekmezovic M" first="Marina" last="Pekmezovic">Marina Pekmezovic</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polacheck, Itzhack" sort="Polacheck, Itzhack" uniqKey="Polacheck I" first="Itzhack" last="Polacheck">Itzhack Polacheck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posteraro, Brunella" sort="Posteraro, Brunella" uniqKey="Posteraro B" first="Brunella" last="Posteraro">Brunella Posteraro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Queiroz Telles, Flavio" sort="De Queiroz Telles, Flavio" uniqKey="De Queiroz Telles F" first="Flavio" last="De Queiroz Telles">Flavio De Queiroz Telles</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Communitarian Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romeo, Orazio" sort="Romeo, Orazio" uniqKey="Romeo O" first="Orazio" last="Romeo">Orazio Romeo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Manuel" sort="Sanchez, Manuel" uniqKey="Sanchez M" first="Manuel" last="Sánchez">Manuel Sánchez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Ana" sort="Sampaio, Ana" uniqKey="Sampaio A" first="Ana" last="Sampaio">Ana Sampaio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanguinetti, Maurizio" sort="Sanguinetti, Maurizio" uniqKey="Sanguinetti M" first="Maurizio" last="Sanguinetti">Maurizio Sanguinetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sriburee, Pojana" sort="Sriburee, Pojana" uniqKey="Sriburee P" first="Pojana" last="Sriburee">Pojana Sriburee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sugita, Takashi" sort="Sugita, Takashi" uniqKey="Sugita T" first="Takashi" last="Sugita">Takashi Sugita</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taj Aldeen, Saad J" sort="Taj Aldeen, Saad J" uniqKey="Taj Aldeen S" first="Saad J" last="Taj-Aldeen">Saad J. Taj-Aldeen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Unit, Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takashima, Masako" sort="Takashima, Masako" uniqKey="Takashima M" first="Masako" last="Takashima">Masako Takashima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, John W" sort="Taylor, John W" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="John W" last="Taylor">John W. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theelen, Bart" sort="Theelen, Bart" uniqKey="Theelen B" first="Bart" last="Theelen">Bart Theelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomazin, Rok" sort="Tomazin, Rok" uniqKey="Tomazin R" first="Rok" last="Tomazin">Rok Tomazin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Paul E" sort="Verweij, Paul E" uniqKey="Verweij P" first="Paul E" last="Verweij">Paul E. Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahyuningsih, Retno" sort="Wahyuningsih, Retno" uniqKey="Wahyuningsih R" first="Retno" last="Wahyuningsih">Retno Wahyuningsih</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ping" sort="Wang, Ping" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Ping" last="Wang">Ping Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boekhout, Teun" sort="Boekhout, Teun" uniqKey="Boekhout T" first="Teun" last="Boekhout">Teun Boekhout</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="????"><PubDate><MedlineDate>2017 Jul-Aug</MedlineDate></PubDate></date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28875175</idno><idno type="pmid">28875175</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/mSphere.00238-17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000673</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000673</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.</title><author><name sortKey="Hagen, Ferry" sort="Hagen, Ferry" uniqKey="Hagen F" first="Ferry" last="Hagen">Ferry Hagen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbsch, H Thorsten" sort="Lumbsch, H Thorsten" uniqKey="Lumbsch H" first="H Thorsten" last="Lumbsch">H Thorsten Lumbsch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina" sort="Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina" uniqKey="Arsic Arsenijevic V" first="Valentina" last="Arsic Arsenijevic">Valentina Arsic Arsenijevic</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badali, Hamid" sort="Badali, Hamid" uniqKey="Badali H" first="Hamid" last="Badali">Hamid Badali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertout, Sebastien" sort="Bertout, Sebastien" uniqKey="Bertout S" first="Sebastien" last="Bertout">Sebastien Bertout</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unité Mixte Internationale Recherches Translationnelles sur l'Infection à VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Billmyre, R Blake" sort="Billmyre, R Blake" uniqKey="Billmyre R" first="R Blake" last="Billmyre">R Blake Billmyre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragulat, M Rosa" sort="Bragulat, M Rosa" uniqKey="Bragulat M" first="M Rosa" last="Bragulat">M Rosa Bragulat</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caba Es, F Javier" sort="Caba Es, F Javier" uniqKey="Caba Es F" first="F Javier" last="Caba Es">F Javier Caba Es</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbia, Mauricio" sort="Carbia, Mauricio" uniqKey="Carbia M" first="Mauricio" last="Carbia">Mauricio Carbia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, Arunaloke" sort="Chakrabarti, Arunaloke" uniqKey="Chakrabarti A" first="Arunaloke" last="Chakrabarti">Arunaloke Chakrabarti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Sudha" sort="Chaturvedi, Sudha" uniqKey="Chaturvedi S" first="Sudha" last="Chaturvedi">Sudha Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Vishnu" sort="Chaturvedi, Vishnu" uniqKey="Chaturvedi V" first="Vishnu" last="Chaturvedi">Vishnu Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Min" sort="Chen, Min" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Min" last="Chen">Min Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chowdhary, Anuradha" sort="Chowdhary, Anuradha" uniqKey="Chowdhary A" first="Anuradha" last="Chowdhary">Anuradha Chowdhary</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colom, Maria Francisca" sort="Colom, Maria Francisca" uniqKey="Colom M" first="Maria-Francisca" last="Colom">Maria-Francisca Colom</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornely, Oliver A" sort="Cornely, Oliver A" uniqKey="Cornely O" first="Oliver A" last="Cornely">Oliver A. Cornely</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pedro W" sort="Crous, Pedro W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="Pedro W" last="Crous">Pedro W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Phytopathology Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuetara, Maria S" sort="Cuetara, Maria S" uniqKey="Cuetara M" first="Maria S" last="Cuétara">Maria S. Cuétara</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz, Mara R" sort="Diaz, Mara R" uniqKey="Diaz M" first="Mara R" last="Diaz">Mara R. Diaz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, Florida, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Espinel Ingroff, Ana" sort="Espinel Ingroff, Ana" uniqKey="Espinel Ingroff A" first="Ana" last="Espinel-Ingroff">Ana Espinel-Ingroff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fakhim, Hamed" sort="Fakhim, Hamed" uniqKey="Fakhim H" first="Hamed" last="Fakhim">Hamed Fakhim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falk, Rama" sort="Falk, Rama" uniqKey="Falk R" first="Rama" last="Falk">Rama Falk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, Wenjie" sort="Fang, Wenjie" uniqKey="Fang W" first="Wenjie" last="Fang">Wenjie Fang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herkert, Patricia F" sort="Herkert, Patricia F" uniqKey="Herkert P" first="Patricia F" last="Herkert">Patricia F. Herkert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrer Rodriguez, Consuelo" sort="Ferrer Rodriguez, Consuelo" uniqKey="Ferrer Rodriguez C" first="Consuelo" last="Ferrer Rodríguez">Consuelo Ferrer Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, James A" sort="Fraser, James A" uniqKey="Fraser J" first="James A" last="Fraser">James A. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gene, Josepa" sort="Gene, Josepa" uniqKey="Gene J" first="Josepa" last="Gené">Josepa Gené</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guarro, Josep" sort="Guarro, Josep" uniqKey="Guarro J" first="Josep" last="Guarro">Josep Guarro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Idnurm, Alexander" sort="Idnurm, Alexander" uniqKey="Idnurm A" first="Alexander" last="Idnurm">Alexander Idnurm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of BioSciences, BioSciences 2, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illnait Zaragozi, Maria Teresa" sort="Illnait Zaragozi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Illnait Zaragozi M" first="María-Teresa" last="Illnait-Zaragozi">María-Teresa Illnait-Zaragozi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ziauddin" sort="Khan, Ziauddin" uniqKey="Khan Z" first="Ziauddin" last="Khan">Ziauddin Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khayhan, Kantarawee" sort="Khayhan, Kantarawee" uniqKey="Khayhan K" first="Kantarawee" last="Khayhan">Kantarawee Khayhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolecka, Anna" sort="Kolecka, Anna" uniqKey="Kolecka A" first="Anna" last="Kolecka">Anna Kolecka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtzman, Cletus P" sort="Kurtzman, Cletus P" uniqKey="Kurtzman C" first="Cletus P" last="Kurtzman">Cletus P. Kurtzman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagrou, Katrien" sort="Lagrou, Katrien" uniqKey="Lagrou K" first="Katrien" last="Lagrou">Katrien Lagrou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, Wanqing" sort="Liao, Wanqing" uniqKey="Liao W" first="Wanqing" last="Liao">Wanqing Liao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linares, Carlos" sort="Linares, Carlos" uniqKey="Linares C" first="Carlos" last="Linares">Carlos Linares</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meis, Jacques F" sort="Meis, Jacques F" uniqKey="Meis J" first="Jacques F" last="Meis">Jacques F. Meis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kirsten" sort="Nielsen, Kirsten" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kirsten" last="Nielsen">Kirsten Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyazika, Tinashe K" sort="Nyazika, Tinashe K" uniqKey="Nyazika T" first="Tinashe K" last="Nyazika">Tinashe K. Nyazika</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Weihua" sort="Pan, Weihua" uniqKey="Pan W" first="Weihua" last="Pan">Weihua Pan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pekmezovic, Marina" sort="Pekmezovic, Marina" uniqKey="Pekmezovic M" first="Marina" last="Pekmezovic">Marina Pekmezovic</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polacheck, Itzhack" sort="Polacheck, Itzhack" uniqKey="Polacheck I" first="Itzhack" last="Polacheck">Itzhack Polacheck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posteraro, Brunella" sort="Posteraro, Brunella" uniqKey="Posteraro B" first="Brunella" last="Posteraro">Brunella Posteraro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Queiroz Telles, Flavio" sort="De Queiroz Telles, Flavio" uniqKey="De Queiroz Telles F" first="Flavio" last="De Queiroz Telles">Flavio De Queiroz Telles</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Communitarian Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romeo, Orazio" sort="Romeo, Orazio" uniqKey="Romeo O" first="Orazio" last="Romeo">Orazio Romeo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Manuel" sort="Sanchez, Manuel" uniqKey="Sanchez M" first="Manuel" last="Sánchez">Manuel Sánchez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Ana" sort="Sampaio, Ana" uniqKey="Sampaio A" first="Ana" last="Sampaio">Ana Sampaio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanguinetti, Maurizio" sort="Sanguinetti, Maurizio" uniqKey="Sanguinetti M" first="Maurizio" last="Sanguinetti">Maurizio Sanguinetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sriburee, Pojana" sort="Sriburee, Pojana" uniqKey="Sriburee P" first="Pojana" last="Sriburee">Pojana Sriburee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sugita, Takashi" sort="Sugita, Takashi" uniqKey="Sugita T" first="Takashi" last="Sugita">Takashi Sugita</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taj Aldeen, Saad J" sort="Taj Aldeen, Saad J" uniqKey="Taj Aldeen S" first="Saad J" last="Taj-Aldeen">Saad J. Taj-Aldeen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mycology Unit, Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takashima, Masako" sort="Takashima, Masako" uniqKey="Takashima M" first="Masako" last="Takashima">Masako Takashima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, John W" sort="Taylor, John W" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="John W" last="Taylor">John W. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theelen, Bart" sort="Theelen, Bart" uniqKey="Theelen B" first="Bart" last="Theelen">Bart Theelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomazin, Rok" sort="Tomazin, Rok" uniqKey="Tomazin R" first="Rok" last="Tomazin">Rok Tomazin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Paul E" sort="Verweij, Paul E" uniqKey="Verweij P" first="Paul E" last="Verweij">Paul E. Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahyuningsih, Retno" sort="Wahyuningsih, Retno" uniqKey="Wahyuningsih R" first="Retno" last="Wahyuningsih">Retno Wahyuningsih</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ping" sort="Wang, Ping" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Ping" last="Wang">Ping Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boekhout, Teun" sort="Boekhout, Teun" uniqKey="Boekhout T" first="Teun" last="Boekhout">Teun Boekhout</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">mSphere</title><idno type="ISSN">2379-5042</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28875175</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2379-5042</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>2</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><MedlineDate>2017 Jul-Aug</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>mSphere</Title><ISOAbbreviation>mSphere</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">e00238-17</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1128/mSphere.00238-17</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hagen</LastName><ForeName>Ferry</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5622-1916</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lumbsch</LastName><ForeName>H Thorsten</ForeName><Initials>HT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arsic Arsenijevic</LastName><ForeName>Valentina</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8132-3300</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Badali</LastName><ForeName>Hamid</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6010-8414</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bertout</LastName><ForeName>Sebastien</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Mixte Internationale Recherches Translationnelles sur l'Infection à VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Billmyre</LastName><ForeName>R Blake</ForeName><Initials>RB</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4866-3711</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bragulat</LastName><ForeName>M Rosa</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1853-1777</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cabañes</LastName><ForeName>F Javier</ForeName><Initials>FJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carbia</LastName><ForeName>Mauricio</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chakrabarti</LastName><ForeName>Arunaloke</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1555-3807</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chaturvedi</LastName><ForeName>Sudha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0906-8426</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chaturvedi</LastName><ForeName>Vishnu</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3922-9676</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Min</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chowdhary</LastName><ForeName>Anuradha</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2028-7462</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colom</LastName><ForeName>Maria-Francisca</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8672-5429</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cornely</LastName><ForeName>Oliver A</ForeName><Initials>OA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9599-3137</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Trials, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crous</LastName><ForeName>Pedro W</ForeName><Initials>PW</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9085-8825</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Phytopathology Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cuétara</LastName><ForeName>Maria S</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diaz</LastName><ForeName>Mara R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5274-2768</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, Florida, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Espinel-Ingroff</LastName><ForeName>Ana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fakhim</LastName><ForeName>Hamed</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0517-7994</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Falk</LastName><ForeName>Rama</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nir-David, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Wenjie</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6406-5095</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herkert</LastName><ForeName>Patricia F</ForeName><Initials>PF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5068-1102</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrer Rodríguez</LastName><ForeName>Consuelo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fraser</LastName><ForeName>James A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gené</LastName><ForeName>Josepa</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6195-9299</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guarro</LastName><ForeName>Josep</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7839-7568</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Idnurm</LastName><ForeName>Alexander</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5995-7040</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of BioSciences, BioSciences 2, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Illnait-Zaragozi</LastName><ForeName>María-Teresa</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8929-6172</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khan</LastName><ForeName>Ziauddin</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khayhan</LastName><ForeName>Kantarawee</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9867-8324</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kolecka</LastName><ForeName>Anna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2775-4799</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kurtzman</LastName><ForeName>Cletus P</ForeName><Initials>CP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, Illinois, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagrou</LastName><ForeName>Katrien</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liao</LastName><ForeName>Wanqing</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Linares</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meis</LastName><ForeName>Jacques F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-3253-6080</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nielsen</LastName><ForeName>Kirsten</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nyazika</LastName><ForeName>Tinashe K</ForeName><Initials>TK</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0367-4265</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pan</LastName><ForeName>Weihua</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pekmezovic</LastName><ForeName>Marina</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Polacheck</LastName><ForeName>Itzhack</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4325-5260</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Posteraro</LastName><ForeName>Brunella</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1663-7546</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Queiroz Telles</LastName><ForeName>Flavio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><Suffix>Filho</Suffix><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7034-2418</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Communitarian Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Romeo</LastName><ForeName>Orazio</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sánchez</LastName><ForeName>Manuel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical School, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sampaio</LastName><ForeName>Ana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanguinetti</LastName><ForeName>Maurizio</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9780-7059</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sriburee</LastName><ForeName>Pojana</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sugita</LastName><ForeName>Takashi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taj-Aldeen</LastName><ForeName>Saad J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6616-5014</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mycology Unit, Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Takashima</LastName><ForeName>Masako</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taylor</LastName><ForeName>John W</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Theelen</LastName><ForeName>Bart</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tomazin</LastName><ForeName>Rok</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Verweij</LastName><ForeName>Paul E</ForeName><Initials>PE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wahyuningsih</LastName><ForeName>Retno</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Ping</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3851-2779</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boekhout</LastName><ForeName>Teun</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0476-3609</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>mSphere</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101674533</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2379-5042</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Microbiol. 2007 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Version="1">20297948</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cryptococcus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cryptococcosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">species delimitation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">taxonomy</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28875175</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1128/mSphere.00238-17</ArticleId><ArticleId 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