Flight-crash events in turbulence.
Identifieur interne : 003580 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003579; suivant : 003581Flight-crash events in turbulence.
Auteurs : Haitao Xu [Allemagne] ; Alain Pumir [France] ; Gregory Falkovich [Russie] ; Eberhard Bodenschatz [Allemagne] ; Michael Shats ; Hua Xia ; Nicolas Francois ; Guido Boffetta [Italie]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2014.
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Abstract
The statistical properties of turbulence differ in an essential way from those of systems in or near thermal equilibrium because of the flux of energy between vastly different scales at which energy is supplied and at which it is dissipated. We elucidate this difference by studying experimentally and numerically the fluctuations of the energy of a small fluid particle moving in a turbulent fluid. We demonstrate how the fundamental property of detailed balance is broken, so that the probabilities of forward and backward transitions are not equal for turbulence. In physical terms, we found that in a large set of flow configurations, fluid elements decelerate faster than accelerate, a feature known all too well from driving in dense traffic. The statistical signature of rare "flight-crash" events, associated with fast particle deceleration, provides a way to quantify irreversibility in a turbulent flow. Namely, we find that the third moment of the power fluctuations along a trajectory, nondimensionalized by the energy flux, displays a remarkable power law as a function of the Reynolds number, both in two and in three spatial dimensions. This establishes a relation between the irreversibility of the system and the range of active scales. We speculate that the breakdown of the detailed balance characterized here is a general feature of other systems very far from equilibrium, displaying a wide range of spatial scales.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321682111
PubMed: 24794529
Affiliations:
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xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Göttingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pumir, Alain" sort="Pumir, Alain" uniqKey="Pumir A" first="Alain" last="Pumir">Alain Pumir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-69007 Lyon, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, 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Xia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; and.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Australia; and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francois, Nicolas" sort="Francois, Nicolas" uniqKey="Francois N" first="Nicolas" last="Francois">Nicolas Francois</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; and.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Australia; and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boffetta, Guido" sort="Boffetta, Guido" uniqKey="Boffetta G" first="Guido" last="Boffetta">Guido Boffetta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Department of Physics and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Department of Physics and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Torino, I-10125 Turin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>I-10125 Turin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acceleration</term><term>Air Movements</term><term>Computer Simulation</term><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Models, Chemical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Accélération</term><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Modèles chimiques</term><term>Mouvements de l'air</term><term>Simulation numérique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Acceleration</term><term>Air Movements</term><term>Computer Simulation</term><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Models, Chemical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Accélération</term><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Modèles chimiques</term><term>Mouvements de l'air</term><term>Simulation numérique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The statistical properties of turbulence differ in an essential way from those of systems in or near thermal equilibrium because of the flux of energy between vastly different scales at which energy is supplied and at which it is dissipated. We elucidate this difference by studying experimentally and numerically the fluctuations of the energy of a small fluid particle moving in a turbulent fluid. We demonstrate how the fundamental property of detailed balance is broken, so that the probabilities of forward and backward transitions are not equal for turbulence. In physical terms, we found that in a large set of flow configurations, fluid elements decelerate faster than accelerate, a feature known all too well from driving in dense traffic. The statistical signature of rare "flight-crash" events, associated with fast particle deceleration, provides a way to quantify irreversibility in a turbulent flow. Namely, we find that the third moment of the power fluctuations along a trajectory, nondimensionalized by the energy flux, displays a remarkable power law as a function of the Reynolds number, both in two and in three spatial dimensions. This establishes a relation between the irreversibility of the system and the range of active scales. We speculate that the breakdown of the detailed balance characterized here is a general feature of other systems very far from equilibrium, displaying a wide range of spatial scales.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24794529</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>111</Volume><Issue>21</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>27</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Flight-crash events in turbulence.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>7558-63</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1321682111</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The statistical properties of turbulence differ in an essential way from those of systems in or near thermal equilibrium because of the flux of energy between vastly different scales at which energy is supplied and at which it is dissipated. We elucidate this difference by studying experimentally and numerically the fluctuations of the energy of a small fluid particle moving in a turbulent fluid. We demonstrate how the fundamental property of detailed balance is broken, so that the probabilities of forward and backward transitions are not equal for turbulence. In physical terms, we found that in a large set of flow configurations, fluid elements decelerate faster than accelerate, a feature known all too well from driving in dense traffic. The statistical signature of rare "flight-crash" events, associated with fast particle deceleration, provides a way to quantify irreversibility in a turbulent flow. Namely, we find that the third moment of the power fluctuations along a trajectory, nondimensionalized by the energy flux, displays a remarkable power law as a function of the Reynolds number, both in two and in three spatial dimensions. This establishes a relation between the irreversibility of the system and the range of active scales. We speculate that the breakdown of the detailed balance characterized here is a general feature of other systems very far from equilibrium, displaying a wide range of spatial scales.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Haitao</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pumir</LastName><ForeName>Alain</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-69007 Lyon, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Falkovich</LastName><ForeName>Gregory</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow 127994, Russia;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bodenschatz</LastName><ForeName>Eberhard</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; eberhard.bodenschatz@ds.mpg.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shats</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xia</LastName><ForeName>Hua</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Francois</LastName><ForeName>Nicolas</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boffetta</LastName><ForeName>Guido</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Collaboration for Turbulence Research, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;Department of Physics and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2001 Feb 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Version="1">16469922</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev Lett. 1995 Apr 3;74(14):2694-2697</RefSource><PMID Version="1">10057994</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Commun. 2013;4:2013</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23771051</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev Lett. 1994 Dec 5;73(23):3085-3088</RefSource><PMID Version="1">10057284</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Rep Prog Phys. 2012 Dec;75(12):126001</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23168354</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000054" MajorTopicYN="Y">Acceleration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000392" MajorTopicYN="Y">Air Movements</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003198" MajorTopicYN="N">Computer 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| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |