Predictions of heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using QTL-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.
Identifieur interne : 003292 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003291; suivant : 003293Predictions of heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using QTL-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.
Auteurs : Matthieu Bogard [France] ; Catherine Ravel [France] ; Etienne Paux [France] ; Jacques Bordes [France] ; François Balfourier [France] ; Scott C. Chapman [Australie] ; Jacques Le Gouis [France] ; Vincent Allard [France]Source :
- Journal of experimental botany [ 1460-2431 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adaptation physiologique, Environnement, Facteurs temps, Fleurs (effets des radiations), Fleurs (génétique), Fleurs (physiologie), Génome végétal (génétique), Génotype, Locus de caractère quantitatif (génétique), Modèles biologiques, Photopériode, Phénotype, Sélection, Triticum (effets des radiations), Triticum (génétique), Triticum (physiologie).
- MESH :
- effets des radiations : Fleurs, Triticum.
- génétique : Fleurs, Génome végétal, Locus de caractère quantitatif, Triticum.
- physiologie : Fleurs, Triticum.
- Adaptation physiologique, Environnement, Facteurs temps, Génotype, Modèles biologiques, Photopériode, Phénotype, Sélection.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adaptation, Physiological, Breeding, Environment, Flowers (genetics), Flowers (physiology), Flowers (radiation effects), Genome, Plant (genetics), Genotype, Models, Biological, Phenotype, Photoperiod, Quantitative Trait Loci (genetics), Time Factors, Triticum (genetics), Triticum (physiology), Triticum (radiation effects).
- MESH :
- genetics : Flowers, Genome, Plant, Quantitative Trait Loci, Triticum.
- physiology : Flowers, Triticum.
- radiation effects : Flowers, Triticum.
- Adaptation, Physiological, Breeding, Environment, Genotype, Models, Biological, Phenotype, Photoperiod, Time Factors.
Abstract
Prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. However, while QTL analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. Moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. Also, the model parameters are rarely related to all underlying genes, and all the possible allelic combinations that could be obtained by breeding cannot be tested with models. In this study, a QTL-based model is proposed to predict heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two parameters of an ecophysiological model (V sat and P base , representing genotype vernalization requirements and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively) were optimized for 210 genotypes grown in 10 contrasting location × sowing date combinations. Multiple linear regression models predicting V sat and P base with 11 and 12 associated genetic markers accounted for 71 and 68% of the variance of these parameters, respectively. QTL-based V sat and P base estimates were able to predict heading date of an independent validation data set (88 genotypes in six location × sowing date combinations) with a root mean square error of prediction of 5 to 8.6 days, explaining 48 to 63% of the variation for heading date. The QTL-based model proposed in this study may be used for agronomic purposes and to assist breeders in suggesting locally adapted ideotypes for wheat phenology.
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru328
PubMed: 25148833
Affiliations:
- Australie, France
- Auvergne (région administrative), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
- Aubière, Clermont-Ferrand
- Université Blaise-Pascal
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pubmed:25148833Le document en format XML
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xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Aubière</settlement><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravel, Catherine" sort="Ravel, Catherine" uniqKey="Ravel C" first="Catherine" last="Ravel">Catherine Ravel</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paux, Etienne" sort="Paux, Etienne" uniqKey="Paux E" first="Etienne" last="Paux">Etienne Paux</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bordes, Jacques" sort="Bordes, Jacques" uniqKey="Bordes J" first="Jacques" last="Bordes">Jacques Bordes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balfourier, Francois" sort="Balfourier, Francois" uniqKey="Balfourier F" first="François" last="Balfourier">François Balfourier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Scott C" sort="Chapman, Scott C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Scott C" last="Chapman">Scott C. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct - St Lucia, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct - St Lucia, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St Lucia QLD 4067</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Gouis, Jacques" sort="Le Gouis, Jacques" uniqKey="Le Gouis J" first="Jacques" last="Le Gouis">Jacques Le Gouis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allard, Vincent" sort="Allard, Vincent" uniqKey="Allard V" first="Vincent" last="Allard">Vincent Allard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France vincent.allard@clermont.inra.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>63177 Aubière Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Blaise-Pascal</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Clermont-Ferrand</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of experimental botany</title><idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Physiological</term><term>Breeding</term><term>Environment</term><term>Flowers (genetics)</term><term>Flowers (physiology)</term><term>Flowers (radiation effects)</term><term>Genome, Plant (genetics)</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Models, Biological</term><term>Phenotype</term><term>Photoperiod</term><term>Quantitative Trait Loci (genetics)</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Triticum (genetics)</term><term>Triticum (physiology)</term><term>Triticum (radiation effects)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adaptation physiologique</term><term>Environnement</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Fleurs (effets des radiations)</term><term>Fleurs (génétique)</term><term>Fleurs (physiologie)</term><term>Génome végétal (génétique)</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Locus de caractère quantitatif (génétique)</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Photopériode</term><term>Phénotype</term><term>Sélection</term><term>Triticum (effets des radiations)</term><term>Triticum (génétique)</term><term>Triticum (physiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des radiations" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fleurs</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Flowers</term><term>Genome, Plant</term><term>Quantitative Trait Loci</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fleurs</term><term>Génome végétal</term><term>Locus de caractère quantitatif</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fleurs</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Flowers</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="radiation effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Flowers</term><term>Triticum</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Physiological</term><term>Breeding</term><term>Environment</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Models, Biological</term><term>Phenotype</term><term>Photoperiod</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adaptation physiologique</term><term>Environnement</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Photopériode</term><term>Phénotype</term><term>Sélection</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. However, while QTL analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. Moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. Also, the model parameters are rarely related to all underlying genes, and all the possible allelic combinations that could be obtained by breeding cannot be tested with models. In this study, a QTL-based model is proposed to predict heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two parameters of an ecophysiological model (V sat and P base , representing genotype vernalization requirements and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively) were optimized for 210 genotypes grown in 10 contrasting location × sowing date combinations. Multiple linear regression models predicting V sat and P base with 11 and 12 associated genetic markers accounted for 71 and 68% of the variance of these parameters, respectively. QTL-based V sat and P base estimates were able to predict heading date of an independent validation data set (88 genotypes in six location × sowing date combinations) with a root mean square error of prediction of 5 to 8.6 days, explaining 48 to 63% of the variation for heading date. The QTL-based model proposed in this study may be used for agronomic purposes and to assist breeders in suggesting locally adapted ideotypes for wheat phenology.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25148833</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1460-2431</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>65</Volume><Issue>20</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of experimental botany</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Exp. Bot.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Predictions of heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using QTL-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>5849-65</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jxb/eru328</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. However, while QTL analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. Moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. Also, the model parameters are rarely related to all underlying genes, and all the possible allelic combinations that could be obtained by breeding cannot be tested with models. In this study, a QTL-based model is proposed to predict heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two parameters of an ecophysiological model (V sat and P base , representing genotype vernalization requirements and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively) were optimized for 210 genotypes grown in 10 contrasting location × sowing date combinations. Multiple linear regression models predicting V sat and P base with 11 and 12 associated genetic markers accounted for 71 and 68% of the variance of these parameters, respectively. QTL-based V sat and P base estimates were able to predict heading date of an independent validation data set (88 genotypes in six location × sowing date combinations) with a root mean square error of prediction of 5 to 8.6 days, explaining 48 to 63% of the variation for heading date. The QTL-based model proposed in this study may be used for agronomic purposes and to assist breeders in suggesting locally adapted ideotypes for wheat phenology.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bogard</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ravel</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paux</LastName><ForeName>Etienne</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bordes</LastName><ForeName>Jacques</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balfourier</LastName><ForeName>François</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chapman</LastName><ForeName>Scott C</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct - St Lucia, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Le Gouis</LastName><ForeName>Jacques</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allard</LastName><ForeName>Vincent</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France vincent.allard@clermont.inra.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>22</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Exp 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effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018745" MajorTopicYN="N">Genome, Plant</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005838" MajorTopicYN="N">Genotype</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008954" MajorTopicYN="N">Models, Biological</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010641" MajorTopicYN="N">Phenotype</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017440" MajorTopicYN="N">Photoperiod</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D040641" MajorTopicYN="N">Quantitative Trait Loci</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014908" MajorTopicYN="N">Triticum</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000528" MajorTopicYN="N">radiation effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4203124</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Association genetics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ecophysiological model</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">gene-based modelling</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">heading date</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">phenology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">wheat.</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25148833</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">eru328</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/jxb/eru328</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4203124</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Auvergne (région administrative)</li><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Aubière</li><li>Clermont-Ferrand</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Blaise-Pascal</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Bogard, Matthieu" sort="Bogard, Matthieu" uniqKey="Bogard M" first="Matthieu" last="Bogard">Matthieu Bogard</name></region><name sortKey="Allard, Vincent" sort="Allard, Vincent" uniqKey="Allard V" first="Vincent" last="Allard">Vincent Allard</name><name sortKey="Balfourier, Francois" sort="Balfourier, Francois" uniqKey="Balfourier F" first="François" last="Balfourier">François Balfourier</name><name sortKey="Bordes, Jacques" sort="Bordes, Jacques" uniqKey="Bordes J" first="Jacques" last="Bordes">Jacques Bordes</name><name sortKey="Le Gouis, Jacques" sort="Le Gouis, Jacques" uniqKey="Le Gouis J" first="Jacques" last="Le Gouis">Jacques Le Gouis</name><name sortKey="Paux, Etienne" sort="Paux, Etienne" uniqKey="Paux E" first="Etienne" last="Paux">Etienne Paux</name><name sortKey="Ravel, Catherine" sort="Ravel, Catherine" uniqKey="Ravel C" first="Catherine" last="Ravel">Catherine Ravel</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chapman, Scott C" sort="Chapman, Scott C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Scott C" last="Chapman">Scott C. 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