The survival of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on 4 household surfaces.
Identifieur interne : 003112 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003111; suivant : 003113The survival of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on 4 household surfaces.
Auteurs : John Oxford [Royaume-Uni] ; Eitan N. Berezin [Brésil] ; Patrice Courvalin [France] ; Dominic E. Dwyer [Australie] ; Martin Exner [Allemagne] ; Laura A. Jana [États-Unis] ; Mitsuo Kaku [Japon] ; Christopher Lee [Malaisie] ; Kgosi Letlape [Afrique du Sud] ; Donald E. Low [Canada] ; Tariq Ahmed Madani [Arabie saoudite] ; Joseph R. Rubino [États-Unis] ; Narendra Saini [Inde] ; Barry D. Schoub [Afrique du Sud] ; Carlo Signorelli [Italie] ; Philip M. Tierno [États-Unis] ; Xuhui Zhong [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- American journal of infection control [ 1527-3296 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- isolement et purification : Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- physiologie : Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- virologie : Fomites.
- Caractéristiques familiales, Facteurs temps, Humains, Microbiologie de l'environnement, Viabilité microbienne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype.
- physiology : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype.
- virology : Fomites.
- Environmental Microbiology, Family Characteristics, Humans, Microbial Viability, Time Factors.
Abstract
We investigated the survival of a pandemic strain of influenza A H1N1 on a variety of common household surfaces where multiple samples were taken from 4 types of common household fomite at 7 time points. Results showed that influenza A H1N1sw virus particles remained infectious for 48 hours on a wooden surface, for 24 hours on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, and for 8 hours on a cloth surface, although virus recovery from the cloth may have been suboptimal. Our results suggest that pandemic influenza A H1N1 can survive on common household fomites for extended periods of time, and that good hand hygiene and regular disinfection of commonly touched surfaces should be practiced during the influenza season to help reduce transmission.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.10.016
PubMed: 24679569
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Australie, Brésil, Canada, France, Inde, Italie, Japon, Malaisie, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, District de Cologne, Gauteng, Grand Londres, Latium, Nebraska, New Jersey, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, État de New York, État de São Paulo, Île-de-France
- Bonn, Johannesbourg, Londres, Paris, Pékin, Rome, Sydney, São Paulo
- Université de Sydney, Université du Witwatersrand
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pubmed:24679569Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Kaku, Mitsuo" sort="Kaku, Mitsuo" uniqKey="Kaku M" first="Mitsuo" last="Kaku">Mitsuo Kaku</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Christopher" sort="Lee, Christopher" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Christopher" last="Lee">Christopher Lee</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Letlape, Kgosi" sort="Letlape, Kgosi" uniqKey="Letlape K" first="Kgosi" last="Letlape">Kgosi Letlape</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E" last="Low">Donald E. Low</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Madani, Tariq Ahmed" sort="Madani, Tariq Ahmed" uniqKey="Madani T" first="Tariq Ahmed" last="Madani">Tariq Ahmed Madani</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rubino, Joseph R" sort="Rubino, Joseph R" uniqKey="Rubino J" first="Joseph R" last="Rubino">Joseph R. Rubino</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saini, Narendra" sort="Saini, Narendra" uniqKey="Saini N" first="Narendra" last="Saini">Narendra Saini</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schoub, Barry D" sort="Schoub, Barry D" uniqKey="Schoub B" first="Barry D" last="Schoub">Barry D. Schoub</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Signorelli, Carlo" sort="Signorelli, Carlo" uniqKey="Signorelli C" first="Carlo" last="Signorelli">Carlo Signorelli</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Tierno, Philip M" sort="Tierno, Philip M" uniqKey="Tierno P" first="Philip M" last="Tierno">Philip M. Tierno</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhong, Xuhui" sort="Zhong, Xuhui" uniqKey="Zhong X" first="Xuhui" last="Zhong">Xuhui Zhong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peking University First Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The survival of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on 4 household surfaces.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Oxford, John" sort="Oxford, John" uniqKey="Oxford J" first="John" last="Oxford">John Oxford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, St Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: J.Oxford@retroscreen.com.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Berezin, Eitan N" sort="Berezin, Eitan N" uniqKey="Berezin E" first="Eitan N" last="Berezin">Eitan N. Berezin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dwyer, Dominic E" sort="Dwyer, Dominic E" uniqKey="Dwyer D" first="Dominic E" last="Dwyer">Dominic E. Dwyer</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Exner, Martin" sort="Exner, Martin" uniqKey="Exner M" first="Martin" last="Exner">Martin Exner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Jana, Laura A" sort="Jana, Laura A" uniqKey="Jana L" first="Laura A" last="Jana">Laura A. Jana</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaku, Mitsuo" sort="Kaku, Mitsuo" uniqKey="Kaku M" first="Mitsuo" last="Kaku">Mitsuo Kaku</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Miyagi</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Christopher" sort="Lee, Christopher" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Christopher" last="Lee">Christopher Lee</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Letlape, Kgosi" sort="Letlape, Kgosi" uniqKey="Letlape K" first="Kgosi" last="Letlape">Kgosi Letlape</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Africa Medical Association, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshepang Trust, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Africa Medical Association, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshepang Trust, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E" last="Low">Donald E. Low</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Madani, Tariq Ahmed" sort="Madani, Tariq Ahmed" uniqKey="Madani T" first="Tariq Ahmed" last="Madani">Tariq Ahmed Madani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rubino, Joseph R" sort="Rubino, Joseph R" uniqKey="Rubino J" first="Joseph R" last="Rubino">Joseph R. Rubino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Research & Development, Reckitt Benckiser, Montvale, NJ.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Research & Development, Reckitt Benckiser, Montvale</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saini, Narendra" sort="Saini, Narendra" uniqKey="Saini N" first="Narendra" last="Saini">Narendra Saini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoub, Barry D" sort="Schoub, Barry D" uniqKey="Schoub B" first="Barry D" last="Schoub">Barry D. Schoub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Signorelli, Carlo" sort="Signorelli, Carlo" uniqKey="Signorelli C" first="Carlo" last="Signorelli">Carlo Signorelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tierno, Philip M" sort="Tierno, Philip M" uniqKey="Tierno P" first="Philip M" last="Tierno">Philip M. Tierno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York, NY.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, Xuhui" sort="Zhong, Xuhui" uniqKey="Zhong X" first="Xuhui" last="Zhong">Xuhui Zhong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peking University First Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">American journal of infection control</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1527-3296</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Microbiology</term>
<term>Family Characteristics</term>
<term>Fomites (virology)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (physiology)</term>
<term>Microbial Viability</term>
<term>Time Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Caractéristiques familiales</term>
<term>Facteurs temps</term>
<term>Fomites (virologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Microbiologie de l'environnement</term>
<term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (physiologie)</term>
<term>Viabilité microbienne</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fomites</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Fomites</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Microbiology</term>
<term>Family Characteristics</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Microbial Viability</term>
<term>Time Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Caractéristiques familiales</term>
<term>Facteurs temps</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Microbiologie de l'environnement</term>
<term>Viabilité microbienne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We investigated the survival of a pandemic strain of influenza A H1N1 on a variety of common household surfaces where multiple samples were taken from 4 types of common household fomite at 7 time points. Results showed that influenza A H1N1sw virus particles remained infectious for 48 hours on a wooden surface, for 24 hours on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, and for 8 hours on a cloth surface, although virus recovery from the cloth may have been suboptimal. Our results suggest that pandemic influenza A H1N1 can survive on common household fomites for extended periods of time, and that good hand hygiene and regular disinfection of commonly touched surfaces should be practiced during the influenza season to help reduce transmission.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24679569</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1527-3296</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>42</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>American journal of infection control</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Am J Infect Control</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>The survival of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on 4 household surfaces.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>423-5</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ajic.2013.10.016</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0196-6553(13)01332-1</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>We investigated the survival of a pandemic strain of influenza A H1N1 on a variety of common household surfaces where multiple samples were taken from 4 types of common household fomite at 7 time points. Results showed that influenza A H1N1sw virus particles remained infectious for 48 hours on a wooden surface, for 24 hours on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, and for 8 hours on a cloth surface, although virus recovery from the cloth may have been suboptimal. Our results suggest that pandemic influenza A H1N1 can survive on common household fomites for extended periods of time, and that good hand hygiene and regular disinfection of commonly touched surfaces should be practiced during the influenza season to help reduce transmission.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oxford</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, St Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: J.Oxford@retroscreen.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berezin</LastName>
<ForeName>Eitan N</ForeName>
<Initials>EN</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Santa Casa, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Infectious Diseases Society, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Courvalin</LastName>
<ForeName>Patrice</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dwyer</LastName>
<ForeName>Dominic E</ForeName>
<Initials>DE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Exner</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jana</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura A</ForeName>
<Initials>LA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Practical Parenting Consulting, Omaha, NE.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaku</LastName>
<ForeName>Mitsuo</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Christopher</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sungai Buloh Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Letlape</LastName>
<ForeName>Kgosi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Africa Medical Association, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshepang Trust, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Low</LastName>
<ForeName>Donald E</ForeName>
<Initials>DE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Madani</LastName>
<ForeName>Tariq Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>TA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rubino</LastName>
<ForeName>Joseph R</ForeName>
<Initials>JR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research & Development, Reckitt Benckiser, Montvale, NJ.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saini</LastName>
<ForeName>Narendra</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schoub</LastName>
<ForeName>Barry D</ForeName>
<Initials>BD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Signorelli</LastName>
<ForeName>Carlo</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tierno</LastName>
<ForeName>Philip M</ForeName>
<Initials>PM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York, NY.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhong</LastName>
<ForeName>Xuhui</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Am J Infect Control</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8004854</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0196-6553</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004783" MajorTopicYN="Y">Environmental Microbiology</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005191" MajorTopicYN="Y">Family Characteristics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050456" MajorTopicYN="N">Fomites</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050296" MajorTopicYN="Y">Microbial Viability</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cleaning</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cloth</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Handwashing</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Home</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hygiene</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Infection</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Plastic</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Stainless steel</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Transmission</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Wood</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year>
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<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<Month>11</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Arabie saoudite</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Inde</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
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