Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.

Identifieur interne : 002C34 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002C33; suivant : 002C35

Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.

Auteurs : Pratik Choudhary [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael R. Rickels [États-Unis] ; Peter A. Senior [Canada] ; Marie-Christine Vantyghem [France] ; Paola Maffi [Italie] ; Thomas W. Kay [Australie] ; Bart Keymeulen [Belgique] ; Nobuya Inagaki [Japon] ; Frantisek Saudek [République tchèque] ; Roger Lehmann [Suisse] ; Bernhard J. Hering [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:25998294

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Problematic hypoglycemia, defined as two or more episodes per year of severe hypoglycemia or as one episode associated with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, extreme glycemic lability, or major fear and maladaptive behavior, is a challenge, especially for patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Individualized therapy for such patients should include a composite target: optimal glucose control without problematic hypoglycemia. Therefore, we propose a tiered, four-stage algorithm based on evidence of efficacy given the limitations of educational, technological, and transplant interventions. All patients with problematic hypoglycemia should undergo structured or hypoglycemia-specific education programs (stage 1). Glycemic and hypoglycemia treatment targets should be individualized and reassessed every 3-6 months. If targets are not met, one diabetes technology-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or continuous glucose monitoring-should be added (stage 2). For patients with continued problematic hypoglycemia despite education (stage 1) and one diabetes technology (stage 2), sensor-augmented insulin pumps preferably with an automated low-glucose suspend feature and/or very frequent contact with a specialized hypoglycemia service can reduce hypoglycemia (stage 3). For patients whose problematic hypoglycemia persists, islet or pancreas transplant should be considered (stage 4). This algorithm provides an evidence-informed approach to resolving problematic hypoglycemia; it should be used as a guide, with individual patient circumstances directing suitability and acceptability to ensure the prudent use of technology and scarce transplant resources. Standardized reporting of hypoglycemia outcomes and inclusion of patients with problematic hypoglycemia in studies of new interventions may help to guide future therapeutic strategies.

DOI: 10.2337/dc15-0090
PubMed: 25998294


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

pubmed:25998294

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choudhary, Pratik" sort="Choudhary, Pratik" uniqKey="Choudhary P" first="Pratik" last="Choudhary">Pratik Choudhary</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rickels, Michael R" sort="Rickels, Michael R" uniqKey="Rickels M" first="Michael R" last="Rickels">Michael R. Rickels</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Senior, Peter A" sort="Senior, Peter A" uniqKey="Senior P" first="Peter A" last="Senior">Peter A. Senior</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Edmonton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" sort="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Vantyghem M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Vantyghem">Marie-Christine Vantyghem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, INSERM U1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, Lille University Hospital, Lille Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, INSERM U1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, Lille University Hospital, Lille Cedex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lille Cedex</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Lille Cedex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maffi, Paola" sort="Maffi, Paola" uniqKey="Maffi P" first="Paola" last="Maffi">Paola Maffi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Research Institute, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Research Institute, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kay, Thomas W" sort="Kay, Thomas W" uniqKey="Kay T" first="Thomas W" last="Kay">Thomas W. Kay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keymeulen, Bart" sort="Keymeulen, Bart" uniqKey="Keymeulen B" first="Bart" last="Keymeulen">Bart Keymeulen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Clinic and Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Clinic and Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Inagaki, Nobuya" sort="Inagaki, Nobuya" uniqKey="Inagaki N" first="Nobuya" last="Inagaki">Nobuya Inagaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saudek, Frantisek" sort="Saudek, Frantisek" uniqKey="Saudek F" first="Frantisek" last="Saudek">Frantisek Saudek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lehmann, Roger" sort="Lehmann, Roger" uniqKey="Lehmann R" first="Roger" last="Lehmann">Roger Lehmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hering, Bernhard J" sort="Hering, Bernhard J" uniqKey="Hering B" first="Bernhard J" last="Hering">Bernhard J. Hering</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN bhering@umn.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minneapolis</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:25998294</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25998294</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.2337/dc15-0090</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002C65</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002C65</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002B91</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002B91</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002B91</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002B91</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choudhary, Pratik" sort="Choudhary, Pratik" uniqKey="Choudhary P" first="Pratik" last="Choudhary">Pratik Choudhary</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rickels, Michael R" sort="Rickels, Michael R" uniqKey="Rickels M" first="Michael R" last="Rickels">Michael R. Rickels</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Senior, Peter A" sort="Senior, Peter A" uniqKey="Senior P" first="Peter A" last="Senior">Peter A. Senior</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Edmonton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" sort="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Vantyghem M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Vantyghem">Marie-Christine Vantyghem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, INSERM U1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, Lille University Hospital, Lille Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, INSERM U1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, Lille University Hospital, Lille Cedex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lille Cedex</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Lille Cedex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maffi, Paola" sort="Maffi, Paola" uniqKey="Maffi P" first="Paola" last="Maffi">Paola Maffi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Research Institute, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Research Institute, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kay, Thomas W" sort="Kay, Thomas W" uniqKey="Kay T" first="Thomas W" last="Kay">Thomas W. Kay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keymeulen, Bart" sort="Keymeulen, Bart" uniqKey="Keymeulen B" first="Bart" last="Keymeulen">Bart Keymeulen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Clinic and Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Clinic and Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Inagaki, Nobuya" sort="Inagaki, Nobuya" uniqKey="Inagaki N" first="Nobuya" last="Inagaki">Nobuya Inagaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saudek, Frantisek" sort="Saudek, Frantisek" uniqKey="Saudek F" first="Frantisek" last="Saudek">Frantisek Saudek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lehmann, Roger" sort="Lehmann, Roger" uniqKey="Lehmann R" first="Roger" last="Lehmann">Roger Lehmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hering, Bernhard J" sort="Hering, Bernhard J" uniqKey="Hering B" first="Bernhard J" last="Hering">Bernhard J. Hering</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN bhering@umn.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minneapolis</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Diabetes care</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1935-5548</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2015" type="published">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Algorithms</term>
<term>Awareness</term>
<term>Blood Glucose (metabolism)</term>
<term>Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring</term>
<term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Evidence-Based Medicine</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Hypoglycemia (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Hypoglycemic Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Insulin (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Insulin Infusion Systems</term>
<term>Pancreas Transplantation</term>
<term>Patient Education as Topic (methods)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Algorithmes</term>
<term>Autosurveillance glycémique</term>
<term>Conscience immédiate</term>
<term>Diabète de type 1 ()</term>
<term>Glycémie (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hypoglycémiants (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Hypoglycémie ()</term>
<term>Insuline (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Médecine factuelle</term>
<term>Pompes à insuline</term>
<term>Transplantation pancréatique</term>
<term>Éducation du patient comme sujet ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Blood Glucose</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en">
<term>Patient Education as Topic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Glycémie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en">
<term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</term>
<term>Hypoglycemia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en">
<term>Hypoglycemic Agents</term>
<term>Insulin</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Hypoglycémiants</term>
<term>Insuline</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Algorithms</term>
<term>Awareness</term>
<term>Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring</term>
<term>Evidence-Based Medicine</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Insulin Infusion Systems</term>
<term>Pancreas Transplantation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Algorithmes</term>
<term>Autosurveillance glycémique</term>
<term>Conscience immédiate</term>
<term>Diabète de type 1</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hypoglycémie</term>
<term>Médecine factuelle</term>
<term>Pompes à insuline</term>
<term>Transplantation pancréatique</term>
<term>Éducation du patient comme sujet</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Problematic hypoglycemia, defined as two or more episodes per year of severe hypoglycemia or as one episode associated with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, extreme glycemic lability, or major fear and maladaptive behavior, is a challenge, especially for patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Individualized therapy for such patients should include a composite target: optimal glucose control without problematic hypoglycemia. Therefore, we propose a tiered, four-stage algorithm based on evidence of efficacy given the limitations of educational, technological, and transplant interventions. All patients with problematic hypoglycemia should undergo structured or hypoglycemia-specific education programs (stage 1). Glycemic and hypoglycemia treatment targets should be individualized and reassessed every 3-6 months. If targets are not met, one diabetes technology-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or continuous glucose monitoring-should be added (stage 2). For patients with continued problematic hypoglycemia despite education (stage 1) and one diabetes technology (stage 2), sensor-augmented insulin pumps preferably with an automated low-glucose suspend feature and/or very frequent contact with a specialized hypoglycemia service can reduce hypoglycemia (stage 3). For patients whose problematic hypoglycemia persists, islet or pancreas transplant should be considered (stage 4). This algorithm provides an evidence-informed approach to resolving problematic hypoglycemia; it should be used as a guide, with individual patient circumstances directing suitability and acceptability to ensure the prudent use of technology and scarce transplant resources. Standardized reporting of hypoglycemia outcomes and inclusion of patients with problematic hypoglycemia in studies of new interventions may help to guide future therapeutic strategies.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">25998294</PMID>
<DateCreated>
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>02</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1935-5548</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>38</Volume>
<Issue>6</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Jun</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Diabetes care</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Diabetes Care</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>1016-29</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2337/dc15-0090</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Problematic hypoglycemia, defined as two or more episodes per year of severe hypoglycemia or as one episode associated with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, extreme glycemic lability, or major fear and maladaptive behavior, is a challenge, especially for patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Individualized therapy for such patients should include a composite target: optimal glucose control without problematic hypoglycemia. Therefore, we propose a tiered, four-stage algorithm based on evidence of efficacy given the limitations of educational, technological, and transplant interventions. All patients with problematic hypoglycemia should undergo structured or hypoglycemia-specific education programs (stage 1). Glycemic and hypoglycemia treatment targets should be individualized and reassessed every 3-6 months. If targets are not met, one diabetes technology-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or continuous glucose monitoring-should be added (stage 2). For patients with continued problematic hypoglycemia despite education (stage 1) and one diabetes technology (stage 2), sensor-augmented insulin pumps preferably with an automated low-glucose suspend feature and/or very frequent contact with a specialized hypoglycemia service can reduce hypoglycemia (stage 3). For patients whose problematic hypoglycemia persists, islet or pancreas transplant should be considered (stage 4). This algorithm provides an evidence-informed approach to resolving problematic hypoglycemia; it should be used as a guide, with individual patient circumstances directing suitability and acceptability to ensure the prudent use of technology and scarce transplant resources. Standardized reporting of hypoglycemia outcomes and inclusion of patients with problematic hypoglycemia in studies of new interventions may help to guide future therapeutic strategies.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Choudhary</LastName>
<ForeName>Pratik</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London, U.K.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Rickels</LastName>
<ForeName>Michael R</ForeName>
<Initials>MR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Senior</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter A</ForeName>
<Initials>PA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Vantyghem</LastName>
<ForeName>Marie-Christine</ForeName>
<Initials>MC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, INSERM U1190, European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, Lille University Hospital, Lille Cedex, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Maffi</LastName>
<ForeName>Paola</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Diabetes Research Institute, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Kay</LastName>
<ForeName>Thomas W</ForeName>
<Initials>TW</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Keymeulen</LastName>
<ForeName>Bart</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Diabetes Clinic and Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Inagaki</LastName>
<ForeName>Nobuya</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Saudek</LastName>
<ForeName>Frantisek</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Lehmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Roger</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Hering</LastName>
<ForeName>Bernhard J</ForeName>
<Initials>BJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN bhering@umn.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01-AI-065193</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01-DK-091331</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01 AI102463</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01-AI-102463</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01 AI065193</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 DK091331</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01-DK-070430</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U01 DK070430</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Diabetes Care</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>7805975</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0149-5992</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D001786">Blood Glucose</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007004">Hypoglycemic Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007328">Insulin</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<CommentsCorrectionsList>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008 Mar;2(2):221-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19885346</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>BMJ. 2011;343:d3805</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21737469</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 25;369(4):362-72</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23883381</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Jan;3(1):17-26</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25434967</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2008 Jan;51(1):110-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17973096</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 1987 Sep;30(9):681-90</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3123298</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012 Feb;17(1):100-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22186094</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 18;369(3):224-32</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23789889</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1997 Feb;46(2):249-57</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">9000702</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2433-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17065680</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Behav Med. 2004;11(4):212-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15657021</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Acta Diabetol. 2014 Oct;51(5):833-43</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25034311</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 1995 Apr;18(4):523-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7497863</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2007 Jun;50(6):1140-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17415551</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2014 Mar;57(3):623-32</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24305963</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov;97(11):E2078-83</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22996144</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2012 Sep;35(9):1897-901</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22699297</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Jul;81(1):79-87</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18417243</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Ann Surg. 2009 Oct;250(4):618-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19730242</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2004 Jun;53(6):1614-20</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15161770</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2013 Aug;62(8):2890-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23630300</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1713-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25524910</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1994 May;43(5):661-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8168643</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2014 Jul;63(7):2188-95</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24962915</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2008 Jul;25(7):765-74</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18644063</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan;38(1):105-12</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25422169</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug;37(8):2114-22</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24854041</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2004 Apr;53(4):955-62</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15047610</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2012 Jul;35(7):1598-604</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22584135</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2014 Sep;37(9):2466-74</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24973437</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Am J Transplant. 2010 Apr;10(4 Pt 2):973-86</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20420647</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2005 Oct;48(10):1965-70</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16132954</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006 Apr;8(2):165-73</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16734547</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplantation. 2014 Sep 27;98(6):593-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25029387</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013 Sep;9(9):555-62</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23897173</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>CMAJ. 2009 Feb 17;180(4):385-97</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19221352</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2014 Jan;31(1):92-101</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23796113</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 Apr;17(4):235-42</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25629445</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2006 Feb;49(2):298-305</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16365724</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2013 May;36(5):1384-95</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23589542</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16371630</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2013 Nov;30(11):1293-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23710902</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2007 May;30(5):1150-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17259471</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1245-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15855602</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplant Proc. 2006 Mar;38(2):365-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16549122</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Behav Med. 2005 Dec;28(6):587-94</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16222412</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004 Nov-Dec;20(6):479-86</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15386817</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 24;371(4):313-25</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24931572</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e005752</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25537781</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2008 May;31(5):922-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18285550</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Aug;98(8):3411-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23760624</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Mar;95(3):1238-46</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20097708</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):e36</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20190284</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2010 Jun;27(6):666-72</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20546285</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplantation. 1994 Jun 15;57(11):1598-606</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8009594</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Am J Transplant. 2012 Jun;12(6):1576-83</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22494609</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>BMJ. 2011;342:d1855</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21493665</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2006 Oct;29(10):2196-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17003292</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009 Apr;11(4):372-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19267715</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2010 Oct;59(10):2333-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20876723</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Lancet. 2012 Apr 21;379(9825):1489-97</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22521071</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2008 Apr;25(4):501-4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18387080</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2007 Sep;50(9):1783-90</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17634918</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun;38(6):1030-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25998295</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 22;363(4):311-20</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20587585</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010 Jul;12(7):517-21</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20597825</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1997 Feb;46(2):271-86</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">9000705</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1993 Nov;42(11):1683-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8405713</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 1995 Apr;18(4):517-22</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7497862</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2012 Jul;35(7):1436-45</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22723582</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Dec;99(12):4523-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25247465</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplantation. 2011 Feb 15;91(3):373-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21258272</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1993 Dec;42(12):1691-3</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8243813</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):863-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24319119</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplantation. 2004 Sep 27;78(6):880-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15385808</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 2008 Dec;57(12):3169-76</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19033403</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2015 May;38(5):752-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25665814</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Am J Transplant. 2013 Dec;13(12):3236-43</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24119216</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 1994 Jul;17(7):697-703</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7924780</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012 Feb;17(1):80-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22186096</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transplantation. 2001 Sep 27;72(6):1103-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">11579308</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2013 Dec;36(12):4160-2</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24103902</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 1994 Dec;37(12):1265-76</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7895957</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Chronic Illn. 2014 Sep;10(3):180-91</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24302225</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Lancet. 1994 Jul 30;344(8918):283-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7914259</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Curr Diab Rep. 2011 Oct;11(5):355-63</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21748256</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes. 1994 Dec;43(12):1426-34</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7958494</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>JAMA. 2015 Jan 6;313(1):45-53</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25562265</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Sep;65 Suppl 1:S47-52</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15315871</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetologia. 2006 Feb;49(2):261-70</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16404554</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2013 Dec;36(12):4063-70</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24130355</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Dec;10(12):711-22</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25287289</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Apr;166(4):567-74</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22096111</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Endocr Rev. 2010 Apr;31(2):171-82</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19966012</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005 Jun;7(3):440-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15929675</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Jul;2(7):553-61</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24794703</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2012 Aug;35(8):1638-42</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22619082</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011 Jun;13 Suppl 1:S53-64</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21668338</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Transpl Int. 2011 Apr;24(4):333-43</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21210863</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 1998 Nov;21(11):1870-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">9802735</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Neth J Med. 2005 May;63(5):164-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15952484</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Am J Transplant. 2013 Jul;13(7):1850-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23668890</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):931-40</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">12954741</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Horm Metab Res. 2015 Jan;47(1):9-15</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25376549</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabetes Care. 2012 Apr;35(4):817-20</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22323414</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Mar;99(3):800-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24423327</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 20;371(21):1972-82</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25409370</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>JAMA. 2013 Sep 25;310(12):1240-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24065010</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Diabet Med. 2012 Mar;29(3):321-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21913969</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000465" MajorTopicYN="N">Algorithms</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D001364" MajorTopicYN="N">Awareness</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D001786" MajorTopicYN="N">Blood Glucose</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015190" MajorTopicYN="N">Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D003922" MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D019317" MajorTopicYN="N">Evidence-Based Medicine</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007003" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoglycemia</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007004" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoglycemic Agents</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007328" MajorTopicYN="N">Insulin</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007332" MajorTopicYN="N">Insulin Infusion Systems</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D016035" MajorTopicYN="N">Pancreas Transplantation</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D010353" MajorTopicYN="N">Patient Education as Topic</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4439532</OtherID>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25998294</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">38/6/1016</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.2337/dc15-0090</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4439532</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Belgique</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République tchèque</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Bohême centrale</li>
<li>Canton de Zurich</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Lombardie</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li>
<li>Région du Kansai</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Bruxelles</li>
<li>Kyoto</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Milan</li>
<li>Prague</li>
<li>Zurich</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Kyoto</li>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>Université de Zurich</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Choudhary, Pratik" sort="Choudhary, Pratik" uniqKey="Choudhary P" first="Pratik" last="Choudhary">Pratik Choudhary</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Pennsylvanie">
<name sortKey="Rickels, Michael R" sort="Rickels, Michael R" uniqKey="Rickels M" first="Michael R" last="Rickels">Michael R. Rickels</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Hering, Bernhard J" sort="Hering, Bernhard J" uniqKey="Hering B" first="Bernhard J" last="Hering">Bernhard J. Hering</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Senior, Peter A" sort="Senior, Peter A" uniqKey="Senior P" first="Peter A" last="Senior">Peter A. Senior</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" sort="Vantyghem, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Vantyghem M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Vantyghem">Marie-Christine Vantyghem</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Italie">
<region name="Lombardie">
<name sortKey="Maffi, Paola" sort="Maffi, Paola" uniqKey="Maffi P" first="Paola" last="Maffi">Paola Maffi</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Australie">
<region name="Victoria (État)">
<name sortKey="Kay, Thomas W" sort="Kay, Thomas W" uniqKey="Kay T" first="Thomas W" last="Kay">Thomas W. Kay</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Belgique">
<region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale">
<name sortKey="Keymeulen, Bart" sort="Keymeulen, Bart" uniqKey="Keymeulen B" first="Bart" last="Keymeulen">Bart Keymeulen</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Japon">
<region name="Région du Kansai">
<name sortKey="Inagaki, Nobuya" sort="Inagaki, Nobuya" uniqKey="Inagaki N" first="Nobuya" last="Inagaki">Nobuya Inagaki</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="République tchèque">
<region name="Bohême centrale">
<name sortKey="Saudek, Frantisek" sort="Saudek, Frantisek" uniqKey="Saudek F" first="Frantisek" last="Saudek">Frantisek Saudek</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Suisse">
<region name="Canton de Zurich">
<name sortKey="Lehmann, Roger" sort="Lehmann, Roger" uniqKey="Lehmann R" first="Roger" last="Lehmann">Roger Lehmann</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002C34 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002C34 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Asie
   |area=    AustralieFrV1
   |flux=    PubMed
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:25998294
   |texte=   Evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:25998294" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Tue Dec 5 10:43:12 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 5 14:07:20 2024