WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients.
Identifieur interne : 002495 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002494; suivant : 002496WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients.
Auteurs : Massimo Sartelli [Italie] ; Mark A. Malangoni [États-Unis] ; Fikri M. Abu-Zidan [Émirats arabes unis] ; Ewen A. Griffiths [Royaume-Uni] ; Stefano Di Bella [Italie] ; Lynne V. Mcfarland [États-Unis] ; Ian Eltringham [Royaume-Uni] ; Vishal G. Shelat [Singapour] ; George C. Velmahos [États-Unis] ; Ciarán P. Kelly [États-Unis] ; Sahil Khanna [États-Unis] ; Zaid M. Abdelsattar [États-Unis] ; Layan Alrahmani [États-Unis] ; Luca Ansaloni [Italie] ; Goran Augustin [Croatie] ; Miklosh Bala [Israël] ; Frédéric Barbut [France] ; Offir Ben-Ishay [Israël] ; Aneel Bhangu [Royaume-Uni] ; Walter L. Biffl [États-Unis] ; Stephen M. Brecher [États-Unis] ; Adrián Camacho-Ortiz [Mexique] ; Miguel A. Caínzos [Espagne] ; Laura A. Canterbury ; Fausto Catena [Italie] ; Shirley Chan [Royaume-Uni] ; Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec [États-Unis] ; Jesse Clanton [États-Unis] ; Federico Coccolini [Italie] ; Maria Elena Cocuz [Roumanie] ; Raul Coimbra [États-Unis] ; Charles H. Cook [États-Unis] ; Yunfeng Cui [République populaire de Chine] ; Jacek Czepiel [Pologne] ; Koray Das [Turquie] ; Zaza Demetrashvili [Géorgie (pays)] ; Isidoro Di Carlo [Qatar] ; Salomone Di Saverio [Italie] ; Irina Magdalena Dumitru [Roumanie] ; Catherine Eckert [France] ; Christian Eckmann [Allemagne] ; Edward H. Eiland [États-Unis] ; Mushira Abdulaziz Enani [Arabie saoudite] ; Mario Faro ; Paula Ferrada [États-Unis] ; Joseph Derek Forrester [États-Unis] ; Gustavo P. Fraga [Brésil] ; Jean Louis Frossard [Suisse] ; Rita Galeiras [Espagne] ; Wagih Ghnnam [Égypte] ; Carlos Augusto Gomes [Brésil] ; Venkata Gorrepati [États-Unis] ; Mohamed Hassan Ahmed ; Torsten Herzog [Allemagne] ; Felicia Humphrey [États-Unis] ; Jae Il Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Arda Isik [Turquie] ; Rao Ivatury [États-Unis] ; Yeong Yeh Lee ; Paul Juang [États-Unis] ; Luis Furuya-Kanamori ; Aleksandar Karamarkovic [Serbie] ; Peter K. Kim [États-Unis] ; Yoram Kluger [Israël] ; Wen Chien Ko [Taïwan] ; Francis D. Labarbera [États-Unis] ; Jae Gil Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Ari Leppaniemi [Finlande] ; Varut Lohsiriwat [Thaïlande] ; Sanjay Marwah [Inde] ; John E. Mazuski [États-Unis] ; Gokhan Metan [Turquie] ; Ernest E. Moore [États-Unis] ; Frederick Alan Moore [États-Unis] ; Carl Erik Nord [Suède] ; Carlos A. Ordo Ez [Colombie] ; Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior [Brésil] ; Nicola Petrosillo [Italie] ; Francisco Portela [Portugal] ; Basant K. Puri [Royaume-Uni] ; Arnab Ray [États-Unis] ; Mansoor Raza ; Miran Rems [Slovénie] ; Boris E. Sakakushev [Bulgarie] ; Gabriele Sganga [Italie] ; Patrizia Spigaglia [Italie] ; David B. Stewart [États-Unis] ; Pierre Tattevin [France] ; Jean Francois Timsit [France] ; Kathleen B. To [États-Unis] ; Cristian Tranà [Italie] ; Waldemar Uhl [Allemagne] ; Libor Urbánek [République tchèque] ; Harry Van Goor [Pays-Bas] ; Angela Vassallo [États-Unis] ; Jean Ralph Zahar [France] ; Emanuele Caproli [Italie] ; Pierluigi Viale [Italie]Source :
- World journal of emergency surgery : WJES [ 1749-7922 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6
PubMed: 26300956
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Brésil, Bulgarie, Colombie, Corée du Sud, Croatie, Espagne, Finlande, France, Géorgie (pays), Inde, Israël, Italie, Mexique, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, Qatar, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, République tchèque, Serbie, Singapour, Slovénie, Suisse, Suède, Taïwan, Thaïlande, Turquie, Égypte, Émirats arabes unis, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Floride, Galice, Grand Londres, Gueldre, Latium, Louisiane, Massachusetts, Michigan, Midlands de l'Ouest, Minnesota, Missouri (État), Moravie, Ohio, Pays de la Loire, Pennsylvanie, Région Bretagne, Région capitale de Séoul, Svealand, Virginie, Washington (État), État de New York, État du Mississippi, Île-de-France
- Angers, Birmingham, Brno, Londres, Nimègue, Paris, Philadelphie, Rennes, Rome, Saint-Louis (Missouri), San Diego, Santiago de Compostela, Seattle, Stockholm, Séoul, Tianjin
- Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, Université de Washington, École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
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Biffl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M" last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrián" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrián Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A" last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canterbury, Laura A" sort="Canterbury, Laura A" uniqKey="Canterbury L" first="Laura A" last="Canterbury">Laura A. Canterbury</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">AB Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gillingham Kent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R" last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clanton, Jesse" sort="Clanton, Jesse" uniqKey="Clanton J" first="Jesse" last="Clanton">Jesse Clanton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocuz, Maria Elena" sort="Cocuz, Maria Elena" uniqKey="Cocuz M" first="Maria Elena" last="Cocuz">Maria Elena Cocuz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasov</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coimbra, Raul" sort="Coimbra, Raul" uniqKey="Coimbra R" first="Raul" last="Coimbra">Raul Coimbra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Charles H" sort="Cook, Charles H" uniqKey="Cook C" first="Charles H" last="Cook">Charles H. Cook</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czepiel, Jacek" sort="Czepiel, Jacek" uniqKey="Czepiel J" first="Jacek" last="Czepiel">Jacek Czepiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Koray" sort="Das, Koray" uniqKey="Das K" first="Koray" last="Das">Koray Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Carlo, Isidoro" sort="Di Carlo, Isidoro" uniqKey="Di Carlo I" first="Isidoro" last="Di Carlo">Isidoro Di Carlo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" sort="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" uniqKey="Dumitru I" first="Irina Magdalena" last="Dumitru">Irina Magdalena Dumitru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Constanta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckert, Catherine" sort="Eckert, Catherine" uniqKey="Eckert C" first="Catherine" last="Eckert">Catherine Eckert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckmann, Christian" sort="Eckmann, Christian" uniqKey="Eckmann C" first="Christian" last="Eckmann">Christian Eckmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiland, Edward H" sort="Eiland, Edward H" uniqKey="Eiland E" first="Edward H" last="Eiland">Edward H. Eiland</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" sort="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira Abdulaziz" last="Enani">Mushira Abdulaziz Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Mario" sort="Faro, Mario" uniqKey="Faro M" first="Mario" last="Faro">Mario Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">SP Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Joseph Derek" sort="Forrester, Joseph Derek" uniqKey="Forrester J" first="Joseph Derek" last="Forrester">Joseph Derek Forrester</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraga, Gustavo P" sort="Fraga, Gustavo P" uniqKey="Fraga G" first="Gustavo P" last="Fraga">Gustavo P. Fraga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frossard, Jean Louis" sort="Frossard, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Frossard J" first="Jean Louis" last="Frossard">Jean Louis Frossard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genève</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galeiras, Rita" sort="Galeiras, Rita" uniqKey="Galeiras R" first="Rita" last="Galeiras">Rita Galeiras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A Coruña</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" sort="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" uniqKey="Gomes C" first="Carlos Augusto" last="Gomes">Carlos Augusto Gomes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Juiz de Fora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorrepati, Venkata" sort="Gorrepati, Venkata" uniqKey="Gorrepati V" first="Venkata" last="Gorrepati">Venkata Gorrepati</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" sort="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Mohamed Hassan" last="Ahmed">Mohamed Hassan Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herzog, Torsten" sort="Herzog, Torsten" uniqKey="Herzog T" first="Torsten" last="Herzog">Torsten Herzog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, Felicia" sort="Humphrey, Felicia" uniqKey="Humphrey F" first="Felicia" last="Humphrey">Felicia Humphrey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Il" sort="Kim, Jae Il" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae Il" last="Kim">Jae Il Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivatury, Rao" sort="Ivatury, Rao" uniqKey="Ivatury R" first="Rao" last="Ivatury">Rao Ivatury</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yeong Yeh" sort="Lee, Yeong Yeh" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yeong Yeh" last="Lee">Yeong Yeh Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juang, Paul" sort="Juang, Paul" uniqKey="Juang P" first="Paul" last="Juang">Paul Juang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" sort="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" uniqKey="Furuya Kanamori L" first="Luis" last="Furuya-Kanamori">Luis Furuya-Kanamori</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">ACT Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Peter K" sort="Kim, Peter K" uniqKey="Kim P" first="Peter K" last="Kim">Peter K. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kluger, Yoram" sort="Kluger, Yoram" uniqKey="Kluger Y" first="Yoram" last="Kluger">Yoram Kluger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen Chien" last="Ko">Wen Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labarbera, Francis D" sort="Labarbera, Francis D" uniqKey="Labarbera F" first="Francis D" last="Labarbera">Francis D. Labarbera</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Gil" sort="Lee, Jae Gil" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Gil" last="Lee">Jae Gil Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leppaniemi, Ari" sort="Leppaniemi, Ari" uniqKey="Leppaniemi A" first="Ari" last="Leppaniemi">Ari Leppaniemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohsiriwat, Varut" sort="Lohsiriwat, Varut" uniqKey="Lohsiriwat V" first="Varut" last="Lohsiriwat">Varut Lohsiriwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazuski, John E" sort="Mazuski, John E" uniqKey="Mazuski J" first="John E" last="Mazuski">John E. Mazuski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metan, Gokhan" sort="Metan, Gokhan" uniqKey="Metan G" first="Gokhan" last="Metan">Gokhan Metan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E" last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Frederick Alan" sort="Moore, Frederick Alan" uniqKey="Moore F" first="Frederick Alan" last="Moore">Frederick Alan Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nord, Carl Erik" sort="Nord, Carl Erik" uniqKey="Nord C" first="Carl Erik" last="Nord">Carl Erik Nord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" sort="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordo Ez C" first="Carlos A" last="Ordo Ez">Carlos A. Ordo Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" sort="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" uniqKey="Junior G" first="Gerson Alves Pereira" last="Júnior">Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ribeirão Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrosillo, Nicola" sort="Petrosillo, Nicola" uniqKey="Petrosillo N" first="Nicola" last="Petrosillo">Nicola Petrosillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Basant K" sort="Puri, Basant K" uniqKey="Puri B" first="Basant K" last="Puri">Basant K. Puri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ray, Arnab" sort="Ray, Arnab" uniqKey="Ray A" first="Arnab" last="Ray">Arnab Ray</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raza, Mansoor" sort="Raza, Mansoor" uniqKey="Raza M" first="Mansoor" last="Raza">Mansoor Raza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E" last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sganga, Gabriele" sort="Sganga, Gabriele" uniqKey="Sganga G" first="Gabriele" last="Sganga">Gabriele Sganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spigaglia, Patrizia" sort="Spigaglia, Patrizia" uniqKey="Spigaglia P" first="Patrizia" last="Spigaglia">Patrizia Spigaglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, David B" sort="Stewart, David B" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="David B" last="Stewart">David B. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tattevin, Pierre" sort="Tattevin, Pierre" uniqKey="Tattevin P" first="Pierre" last="Tattevin">Pierre Tattevin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timsit, Jean Francois" sort="Timsit, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Timsit J" first="Jean Francois" last="Timsit">Jean Francois Timsit</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kathleen B" sort="To, Kathleen B" uniqKey="To K" first="Kathleen B" last="To">Kathleen B. To</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trana, Cristian" sort="Trana, Cristian" uniqKey="Trana C" first="Cristian" last="Tranà">Cristian Tranà</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Waldemar" sort="Uhl, Waldemar" uniqKey="Uhl W" first="Waldemar" last="Uhl">Waldemar Uhl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassallo, Angela" sort="Vassallo, Angela" uniqKey="Vassallo A" first="Angela" last="Vassallo">Angela Vassallo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caproli, Emanuele" sort="Caproli, Emanuele" uniqKey="Caproli E" first="Emanuele" last="Caproli">Emanuele Caproli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26300956</idno><idno type="pmid">26300956</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002A17</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients.</title><author><name sortKey="Sartelli, Massimo" sort="Sartelli, Massimo" uniqKey="Sartelli M" first="Massimo" last="Sartelli">Massimo Sartelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>62019 Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malangoni, Mark A" sort="Malangoni, Mark A" uniqKey="Malangoni M" first="Mark A" last="Malangoni">Mark A. Malangoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Philadelphie</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" sort="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" uniqKey="Abu Zidan F" first="Fikri M" last="Abu-Zidan">Fikri M. Abu-Zidan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al-Ain</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Ewen A" sort="Griffiths, Ewen A" uniqKey="Griffiths E" first="Ewen A" last="Griffiths">Ewen A. Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Bella, Stefano" sort="Di Bella, Stefano" uniqKey="Di Bella S" first="Stefano" last="Di Bella">Stefano Di Bella</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Lynne V" sort="Mcfarland, Lynne V" uniqKey="Mcfarland L" first="Lynne V" last="Mcfarland">Lynne V. Mcfarland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eltringham, Ian" sort="Eltringham, Ian" uniqKey="Eltringham I" first="Ian" last="Eltringham">Ian Eltringham</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shelat, Vishal G" sort="Shelat, Vishal G" uniqKey="Shelat V" first="Vishal G" last="Shelat">Vishal G. Shelat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Singapore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velmahos, George C" sort="Velmahos, George C" uniqKey="Velmahos G" first="George C" last="Velmahos">George C. Velmahos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Ciaran P" sort="Kelly, Ciaran P" uniqKey="Kelly C" first="Ciarán P" last="Kelly">Ciarán P. Kelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Sahil" sort="Khanna, Sahil" uniqKey="Khanna S" first="Sahil" last="Khanna">Sahil Khanna</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" sort="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" uniqKey="Abdelsattar Z" first="Zaid M" last="Abdelsattar">Zaid M. Abdelsattar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alrahmani, Layan" sort="Alrahmani, Layan" uniqKey="Alrahmani L" first="Layan" last="Alrahmani">Layan Alrahmani</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Goran" sort="Augustin, Goran" uniqKey="Augustin G" first="Goran" last="Augustin">Goran Augustin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bala, Miklosh" sort="Bala, Miklosh" uniqKey="Bala M" first="Miklosh" last="Bala">Miklosh Bala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jerusalem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbut, Frederic" sort="Barbut, Frederic" uniqKey="Barbut F" first="Frédéric" last="Barbut">Frédéric Barbut</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UHLIN (Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UHLIN (Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ishay, Offir" sort="Ben Ishay, Offir" uniqKey="Ben Ishay O" first="Offir" last="Ben-Ishay">Offir Ben-Ishay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhangu, Aneel" sort="Bhangu, Aneel" uniqKey="Bhangu A" first="Aneel" last="Bhangu">Aneel Bhangu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biffl, Walter L" sort="Biffl, Walter L" uniqKey="Biffl W" first="Walter L" last="Biffl">Walter L. Biffl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M" last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrián" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrián Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A" last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canterbury, Laura A" sort="Canterbury, Laura A" uniqKey="Canterbury L" first="Laura A" last="Canterbury">Laura A. Canterbury</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">AB Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gillingham Kent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R" last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clanton, Jesse" sort="Clanton, Jesse" uniqKey="Clanton J" first="Jesse" last="Clanton">Jesse Clanton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocuz, Maria Elena" sort="Cocuz, Maria Elena" uniqKey="Cocuz M" first="Maria Elena" last="Cocuz">Maria Elena Cocuz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasov</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coimbra, Raul" sort="Coimbra, Raul" uniqKey="Coimbra R" first="Raul" last="Coimbra">Raul Coimbra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Charles H" sort="Cook, Charles H" uniqKey="Cook C" first="Charles H" last="Cook">Charles H. Cook</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czepiel, Jacek" sort="Czepiel, Jacek" uniqKey="Czepiel J" first="Jacek" last="Czepiel">Jacek Czepiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Koray" sort="Das, Koray" uniqKey="Das K" first="Koray" last="Das">Koray Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Carlo, Isidoro" sort="Di Carlo, Isidoro" uniqKey="Di Carlo I" first="Isidoro" last="Di Carlo">Isidoro Di Carlo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" sort="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" uniqKey="Dumitru I" first="Irina Magdalena" last="Dumitru">Irina Magdalena Dumitru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Constanta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckert, Catherine" sort="Eckert, Catherine" uniqKey="Eckert C" first="Catherine" last="Eckert">Catherine Eckert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckmann, Christian" sort="Eckmann, Christian" uniqKey="Eckmann C" first="Christian" last="Eckmann">Christian Eckmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiland, Edward H" sort="Eiland, Edward H" uniqKey="Eiland E" first="Edward H" last="Eiland">Edward H. Eiland</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" sort="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira Abdulaziz" last="Enani">Mushira Abdulaziz Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Mario" sort="Faro, Mario" uniqKey="Faro M" first="Mario" last="Faro">Mario Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">SP Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Joseph Derek" sort="Forrester, Joseph Derek" uniqKey="Forrester J" first="Joseph Derek" last="Forrester">Joseph Derek Forrester</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraga, Gustavo P" sort="Fraga, Gustavo P" uniqKey="Fraga G" first="Gustavo P" last="Fraga">Gustavo P. Fraga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frossard, Jean Louis" sort="Frossard, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Frossard J" first="Jean Louis" last="Frossard">Jean Louis Frossard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genève</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galeiras, Rita" sort="Galeiras, Rita" uniqKey="Galeiras R" first="Rita" last="Galeiras">Rita Galeiras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A Coruña</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" sort="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" uniqKey="Gomes C" first="Carlos Augusto" last="Gomes">Carlos Augusto Gomes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Juiz de Fora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorrepati, Venkata" sort="Gorrepati, Venkata" uniqKey="Gorrepati V" first="Venkata" last="Gorrepati">Venkata Gorrepati</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" sort="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Mohamed Hassan" last="Ahmed">Mohamed Hassan Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herzog, Torsten" sort="Herzog, Torsten" uniqKey="Herzog T" first="Torsten" last="Herzog">Torsten Herzog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, Felicia" sort="Humphrey, Felicia" uniqKey="Humphrey F" first="Felicia" last="Humphrey">Felicia Humphrey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Il" sort="Kim, Jae Il" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae Il" last="Kim">Jae Il Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivatury, Rao" sort="Ivatury, Rao" uniqKey="Ivatury R" first="Rao" last="Ivatury">Rao Ivatury</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yeong Yeh" sort="Lee, Yeong Yeh" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yeong Yeh" last="Lee">Yeong Yeh Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juang, Paul" sort="Juang, Paul" uniqKey="Juang P" first="Paul" last="Juang">Paul Juang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" sort="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" uniqKey="Furuya Kanamori L" first="Luis" last="Furuya-Kanamori">Luis Furuya-Kanamori</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">ACT Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Peter K" sort="Kim, Peter K" uniqKey="Kim P" first="Peter K" last="Kim">Peter K. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kluger, Yoram" sort="Kluger, Yoram" uniqKey="Kluger Y" first="Yoram" last="Kluger">Yoram Kluger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen Chien" last="Ko">Wen Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labarbera, Francis D" sort="Labarbera, Francis D" uniqKey="Labarbera F" first="Francis D" last="Labarbera">Francis D. Labarbera</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Gil" sort="Lee, Jae Gil" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Gil" last="Lee">Jae Gil Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leppaniemi, Ari" sort="Leppaniemi, Ari" uniqKey="Leppaniemi A" first="Ari" last="Leppaniemi">Ari Leppaniemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohsiriwat, Varut" sort="Lohsiriwat, Varut" uniqKey="Lohsiriwat V" first="Varut" last="Lohsiriwat">Varut Lohsiriwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazuski, John E" sort="Mazuski, John E" uniqKey="Mazuski J" first="John E" last="Mazuski">John E. Mazuski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metan, Gokhan" sort="Metan, Gokhan" uniqKey="Metan G" first="Gokhan" last="Metan">Gokhan Metan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E" last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Frederick Alan" sort="Moore, Frederick Alan" uniqKey="Moore F" first="Frederick Alan" last="Moore">Frederick Alan Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nord, Carl Erik" sort="Nord, Carl Erik" uniqKey="Nord C" first="Carl Erik" last="Nord">Carl Erik Nord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" sort="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordo Ez C" first="Carlos A" last="Ordo Ez">Carlos A. Ordo Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" sort="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" uniqKey="Junior G" first="Gerson Alves Pereira" last="Júnior">Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ribeirão Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrosillo, Nicola" sort="Petrosillo, Nicola" uniqKey="Petrosillo N" first="Nicola" last="Petrosillo">Nicola Petrosillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Basant K" sort="Puri, Basant K" uniqKey="Puri B" first="Basant K" last="Puri">Basant K. Puri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ray, Arnab" sort="Ray, Arnab" uniqKey="Ray A" first="Arnab" last="Ray">Arnab Ray</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raza, Mansoor" sort="Raza, Mansoor" uniqKey="Raza M" first="Mansoor" last="Raza">Mansoor Raza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E" last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sganga, Gabriele" sort="Sganga, Gabriele" uniqKey="Sganga G" first="Gabriele" last="Sganga">Gabriele Sganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spigaglia, Patrizia" sort="Spigaglia, Patrizia" uniqKey="Spigaglia P" first="Patrizia" last="Spigaglia">Patrizia Spigaglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, David B" sort="Stewart, David B" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="David B" last="Stewart">David B. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tattevin, Pierre" sort="Tattevin, Pierre" uniqKey="Tattevin P" first="Pierre" last="Tattevin">Pierre Tattevin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timsit, Jean Francois" sort="Timsit, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Timsit J" first="Jean Francois" last="Timsit">Jean Francois Timsit</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kathleen B" sort="To, Kathleen B" uniqKey="To K" first="Kathleen B" last="To">Kathleen B. To</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trana, Cristian" sort="Trana, Cristian" uniqKey="Trana C" first="Cristian" last="Tranà">Cristian Tranà</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Waldemar" sort="Uhl, Waldemar" uniqKey="Uhl W" first="Waldemar" last="Uhl">Waldemar Uhl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassallo, Angela" sort="Vassallo, Angela" uniqKey="Vassallo A" first="Angela" last="Vassallo">Angela Vassallo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caproli, Emanuele" sort="Caproli, Emanuele" uniqKey="Caproli E" first="Emanuele" last="Caproli">Emanuele Caproli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">World journal of emergency surgery : WJES</title><idno type="ISSN">1749-7922</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26300956</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1749-7922</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>10</Volume><PubDate><Year>2015</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>World journal of emergency surgery : WJES</Title><ISOAbbreviation>World J Emerg Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>38</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sartelli</LastName><ForeName>Massimo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malangoni</LastName><ForeName>Mark A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abu-Zidan</LastName><ForeName>Fikri M</ForeName><Initials>FM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Griffiths</LastName><ForeName>Ewen A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Bella</LastName><ForeName>Stefano</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McFarland</LastName><ForeName>Lynne V</ForeName><Initials>LV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eltringham</LastName><ForeName>Ian</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shelat</LastName><ForeName>Vishal G</ForeName><Initials>VG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Velmahos</LastName><ForeName>George C</ForeName><Initials>GC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelly</LastName><ForeName>Ciarán P</ForeName><Initials>CP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khanna</LastName><ForeName>Sahil</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdelsattar</LastName><ForeName>Zaid M</ForeName><Initials>ZM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alrahmani</LastName><ForeName>Layan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ansaloni</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Augustin</LastName><ForeName>Goran</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bala</LastName><ForeName>Miklosh</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barbut</LastName><ForeName>Frédéric</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UHLIN (Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Ishay</LastName><ForeName>Offir</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bhangu</LastName><ForeName>Aneel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Biffl</LastName><ForeName>Walter L</ForeName><Initials>WL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brecher</LastName><ForeName>Stephen M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camacho-Ortiz</LastName><ForeName>Adrián</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caínzos</LastName><ForeName>Miguel A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Canterbury</LastName><ForeName>Laura A</ForeName><Initials>LA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Catena</LastName><ForeName>Fausto</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Shirley</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cherry-Bukowiec</LastName><ForeName>Jill R</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Clanton</LastName><ForeName>Jesse</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coccolini</LastName><ForeName>Federico</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cocuz</LastName><ForeName>Maria Elena</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coimbra</LastName><ForeName>Raul</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cook</LastName><ForeName>Charles H</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cui</LastName><ForeName>Yunfeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Czepiel</LastName><ForeName>Jacek</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Das</LastName><ForeName>Koray</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demetrashvili</LastName><ForeName>Zaza</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Carlo</LastName><ForeName>Isidoro</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Saverio</LastName><ForeName>Salomone</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dumitru</LastName><ForeName>Irina Magdalena</ForeName><Initials>IM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eckert</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eckmann</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eiland</LastName><ForeName>Edward H</ForeName><Initials>EH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Enani</LastName><ForeName>Mushira Abdulaziz</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faro</LastName><ForeName>Mario</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrada</LastName><ForeName>Paula</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Forrester</LastName><ForeName>Joseph Derek</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fraga</LastName><ForeName>Gustavo P</ForeName><Initials>GP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frossard</LastName><ForeName>Jean Louis</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galeiras</LastName><ForeName>Rita</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghnnam</LastName><ForeName>Wagih</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gomes</LastName><ForeName>Carlos Augusto</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gorrepati</LastName><ForeName>Venkata</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ahmed</LastName><ForeName>Mohamed Hassan</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herzog</LastName><ForeName>Torsten</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Humphrey</LastName><ForeName>Felicia</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Jae Il</ForeName><Initials>JI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isik</LastName><ForeName>Arda</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ivatury</LastName><ForeName>Rao</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Yeong Yeh</ForeName><Initials>YY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Juang</LastName><ForeName>Paul</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Furuya-Kanamori</LastName><ForeName>Luis</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karamarkovic</LastName><ForeName>Aleksandar</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Peter K</ForeName><Initials>PK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kluger</LastName><ForeName>Yoram</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ko</LastName><ForeName>Wen Chien</ForeName><Initials>WC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>LaBarbera</LastName><ForeName>Francis D</ForeName><Initials>FD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Jae Gil</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leppaniemi</LastName><ForeName>Ari</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lohsiriwat</LastName><ForeName>Varut</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marwah</LastName><ForeName>Sanjay</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazuski</LastName><ForeName>John E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Metan</LastName><ForeName>Gokhan</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moore</LastName><ForeName>Ernest E</ForeName><Initials>EE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moore</LastName><ForeName>Frederick Alan</ForeName><Initials>FA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nord</LastName><ForeName>Carl Erik</ForeName><Initials>CE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ordoñez</LastName><ForeName>Carlos A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Júnior</LastName><ForeName>Gerson Alves Pereira</ForeName><Initials>GA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Petrosillo</LastName><ForeName>Nicola</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Portela</LastName><ForeName>Francisco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Puri</LastName><ForeName>Basant K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ray</LastName><ForeName>Arnab</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raza</LastName><ForeName>Mansoor</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rems</LastName><ForeName>Miran</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sakakushev</LastName><ForeName>Boris E</ForeName><Initials>BE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sganga</LastName><ForeName>Gabriele</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spigaglia</LastName><ForeName>Patrizia</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stewart</LastName><ForeName>David B</ForeName><Initials>DB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tattevin</LastName><ForeName>Pierre</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Timsit</LastName><ForeName>Jean Francois</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>To</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen B</ForeName><Initials>KB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tranà</LastName><ForeName>Cristian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uhl</LastName><ForeName>Waldemar</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Urbánek</LastName><ForeName>Libor</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Goor</LastName><ForeName>Harry</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vassallo</LastName><ForeName>Angela</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zahar</LastName><ForeName>Jean Ralph</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caproli</LastName><ForeName>Emanuele</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viale</LastName><ForeName>Pierluigi</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>T32 HS000053</GrantID><Acronym>HS</Acronym><Agency>AHRQ HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>World J Emerg Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101266603</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1749-7922</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections 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PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26300956</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">33</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4545872</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Géorgie (pays)</li><li>Inde</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Qatar</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>Serbie</li><li>Singapour</li><li>Slovénie</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>Taïwan</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Turquie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Émirats arabes unis</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Californie</li><li>Floride</li><li>Galice</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Gueldre</li><li>Latium</li><li>Louisiane</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Midlands de l'Ouest</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>Moravie</li><li>Ohio</li><li>Pays de la Loire</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Virginie</li><li>Washington (État)</li><li>État de New York</li><li>État du Mississippi</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Angers</li><li>Birmingham</li><li>Brno</li><li>Londres</li><li>Nimègue</li><li>Paris</li><li>Philadelphie</li><li>Rennes</li><li>Rome</li><li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li><li>San Diego</li><li>Santiago de 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Ordo Ez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name></noRegion></country><country name="Slovénie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name></noRegion></country><country name="Bulgarie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E" last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name></noRegion></country><country name="République tchèque"><region name="Moravie"><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Gueldre"><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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