Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.
Identifieur interne : 002005 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002004; suivant : 002006Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.
Auteurs : Julien Soubrier [Australie] ; Graham Gower [Australie] ; Kefei Chen [Australie] ; Stephen M. Richards [Australie] ; Bastien Llamas [Australie] ; Kieren J. Mitchell [Australie] ; Simon Y W. Ho [Australie] ; Pavel Kosintsev [Russie] ; Michael S Y. Lee [Australie] ; Gennady Baryshnikov [Russie] ; Ruth Bollongino [Allemagne] ; Pere Bover [Australie] ; Joachim Burger [Allemagne] ; David Chivall [Royaume-Uni] ; Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure [France] ; Jared E. Decker [États-Unis] ; Vladimir B. Doronichev [Russie] ; Katerina Douka [Royaume-Uni] ; Damien A. Fordham [Australie] ; Federica Fontana [Italie] ; Carole Fritz [France] ; Jan Glimmerveen [Pays-Bas] ; Liubov V. Golovanova [Russie] ; Colin Groves [Australie] ; Antonio Guerreschi [Italie] ; Wolfgang Haak [Australie] ; Tom Higham [Royaume-Uni] ; Emilia Hofman-Kami Ska [Pologne] ; Alexander Immel [Allemagne] ; Marie-Anne Julien [Royaume-Uni] ; Johannes Krause [Allemagne] ; Oleksandra Krotova [Ukraine] ; Frauke Langbein [Allemagne] ; Greger Larson [Royaume-Uni] ; Adam Rohrlach [Australie] ; Amelie Scheu [Allemagne] ; Robert D. Schnabel [États-Unis] ; Jeremy F. Taylor [États-Unis] ; Małgorzata Tokarska [Pologne] ; Gilles Tosello [France] ; Johannes Van Der Plicht [Pays-Bas] ; Ayla Van Loenen [Australie] ; Jean-Denis Vigne [France] ; Oliver Wooley [Australie] ; Ludovic Orlando [Danemark] ; Rafał Kowalczyk [Pologne] ; Beth Shapiro [États-Unis] ; Alan Cooper [Australie]Source :
- Nature communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13158
PubMed: 27754477
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Danemark, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Royaume-Uni, Russie, Ukraine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Bade-Wurtemberg, District de Tübingen, Groningue (province), Midi-Pyrénées, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Occitanie (région administrative), Oxfordshire, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Île-de-France
- Groningue (ville), Mayence, Oxford, Paris, Sydney, Toulouse, Tübingen
- Université d'Oxford, Université de Groningue, Université de Sydney
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0200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerreschi, Antonio" sort="Guerreschi, Antonio" uniqKey="Guerreschi A" first="Antonio" last="Guerreschi">Antonio Guerreschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44121 Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higham, Tom" sort="Higham, Tom" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Tom" last="Higham">Tom Higham</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman Kami Ska, Emilia" sort="Hofman Kami Ska, Emilia" uniqKey="Hofman Kami Ska E" first="Emilia" last="Hofman-Kami Ska">Emilia Hofman-Kami Ska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Immel, Alexander" sort="Immel, Alexander" uniqKey="Immel A" first="Alexander" last="Immel">Alexander Immel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Julien, Marie Anne" sort="Julien, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Julien M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Julien">Marie-Anne Julien</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Archaeology, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton SO17 1BF</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BF</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krotova, Oleksandra" sort="Krotova, Oleksandra" uniqKey="Krotova O" first="Oleksandra" last="Krotova">Oleksandra Krotova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stone Age, Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stone Age, Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, 04210 Kiev</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>04210 Kiev</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langbein, Frauke" sort="Langbein, Frauke" uniqKey="Langbein F" first="Frauke" last="Langbein">Frauke Langbein</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, Greger" sort="Larson, Greger" uniqKey="Larson G" first="Greger" last="Larson">Greger Larson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohrlach, Adam" sort="Rohrlach, Adam" uniqKey="Rohrlach A" first="Adam" last="Rohrlach">Adam Rohrlach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheu, Amelie" sort="Scheu, Amelie" uniqKey="Scheu A" first="Amelie" last="Scheu">Amelie Scheu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schnabel, Robert D" sort="Schnabel, Robert D" uniqKey="Schnabel R" first="Robert D" last="Schnabel">Robert D. Schnabel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jeremy F" sort="Taylor, Jeremy F" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jeremy F" last="Taylor">Jeremy F. Taylor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tokarska, Malgorzata" sort="Tokarska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Tokarska M" first="Małgorzata" last="Tokarska">Małgorzata Tokarska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tosello, Gilles" sort="Tosello, Gilles" uniqKey="Tosello G" first="Gilles" last="Tosello">Gilles Tosello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chercheur associé, CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, URS 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chercheur associé, CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, URS 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Plicht, Johannes" sort="Van Der Plicht, Johannes" uniqKey="Van Der Plicht J" first="Johannes" last="Van Der Plicht">Johannes Van Der Plicht</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, NI-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, NI-9747 AG Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Loenen, Ayla" sort="Van Loenen, Ayla" uniqKey="Van Loenen A" first="Ayla" last="Van Loenen">Ayla Van Loenen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, UMR7209, 'Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements', CP56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, UMR7209, 'Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements', CP56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75005 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wooley, Oliver" sort="Wooley, Oliver" uniqKey="Wooley O" first="Oliver" last="Wooley">Oliver Wooley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, ØsterVoldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350K, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, ØsterVoldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen 1350K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalczyk, Rafal" sort="Kowalczyk, Rafal" uniqKey="Kowalczyk R" first="Rafał" last="Kowalczyk">Rafał Kowalczyk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Beth" sort="Shapiro, Beth" uniqKey="Shapiro B" first="Beth" last="Shapiro">Beth Shapiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 95064</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27754477</idno><idno type="pmid">27754477</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms13158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001718</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001718</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001695</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001695</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001695</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001695</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.</title><author><name sortKey="Soubrier, Julien" sort="Soubrier, Julien" uniqKey="Soubrier J" first="Julien" last="Soubrier">Julien Soubrier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gower, Graham" sort="Gower, Graham" uniqKey="Gower G" first="Graham" last="Gower">Graham Gower</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Kefei" sort="Chen, Kefei" uniqKey="Chen K" first="Kefei" last="Chen">Kefei Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Stephen M" sort="Richards, Stephen M" uniqKey="Richards S" first="Stephen M" last="Richards">Stephen M. Richards</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llamas, Bastien" sort="Llamas, Bastien" uniqKey="Llamas B" first="Bastien" last="Llamas">Bastien Llamas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Kieren J" sort="Mitchell, Kieren J" uniqKey="Mitchell K" first="Kieren J" last="Mitchell">Kieren J. Mitchell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Simon Y W" sort="Ho, Simon Y W" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Simon Y W" last="Ho">Simon Y W. Ho</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosintsev, Pavel" sort="Kosintsev, Pavel" uniqKey="Kosintsev P" first="Pavel" last="Kosintsev">Pavel Kosintsev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8 Marta Street, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8 Marta Street, 620144 Ekaterinburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>620144 Ekaterinburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Michael S Y" sort="Lee, Michael S Y" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Michael S Y" last="Lee">Michael S Y. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia 5001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baryshnikov, Gennady" sort="Baryshnikov, Gennady" uniqKey="Baryshnikov G" first="Gennady" last="Baryshnikov">Gennady Baryshnikov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, 199034 St Petersburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>199034 St Petersburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bollongino, Ruth" sort="Bollongino, Ruth" uniqKey="Bollongino R" first="Ruth" last="Bollongino">Ruth Bollongino</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bover, Pere" sort="Bover, Pere" uniqKey="Bover P" first="Pere" last="Bover">Pere Bover</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chivall, David" sort="Chivall, David" uniqKey="Chivall D" first="David" last="Chivall">David Chivall</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cregut Bonnoure, Evelyne" sort="Cregut Bonnoure, Evelyne" uniqKey="Cregut Bonnoure E" first="Evelyne" last="Crégut-Bonnoure">Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Museum Requien, 67 rue Joseph Vernet, 84000 Avignon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Museum Requien, 67 rue Joseph Vernet, 84000 Avignon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>84000 Avignon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>84000 Avignon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Decker, Jared E" sort="Decker, Jared E" uniqKey="Decker J" first="Jared E" last="Decker">Jared E. Decker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doronichev, Vladimir B" sort="Doronichev, Vladimir B" uniqKey="Doronichev V" first="Vladimir B" last="Doronichev">Vladimir B. Doronichev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>199034 St Petersburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douka, Katerina" sort="Douka, Katerina" uniqKey="Douka K" first="Katerina" last="Douka">Katerina Douka</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fordham, Damien A" sort="Fordham, Damien A" uniqKey="Fordham D" first="Damien A" last="Fordham">Damien A. Fordham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontana, Federica" sort="Fontana, Federica" uniqKey="Fontana F" first="Federica" last="Fontana">Federica Fontana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44121 Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, Carole" sort="Fritz, Carole" uniqKey="Fritz C" first="Carole" last="Fritz">Carole Fritz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CNRS, TRACES, UMR 5608 et CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, USR 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS, TRACES, UMR 5608 et CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, USR 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glimmerveen, Jan" sort="Glimmerveen, Jan" uniqKey="Glimmerveen J" first="Jan" last="Glimmerveen">Jan Glimmerveen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CERPOLEX/Mammuthus, Anna Paulownastraat 25A, NL-2518 BA Den Haag, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>CERPOLEX/Mammuthus, Anna Paulownastraat 25A, NL-2518 BA Den Haag</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NL-2518 BA Den Haag</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golovanova, Liubov V" sort="Golovanova, Liubov V" uniqKey="Golovanova L" first="Liubov V" last="Golovanova">Liubov V. Golovanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>199034 St Petersburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Colin" sort="Groves, Colin" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Colin" last="Groves">Colin Groves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Building 14, Canberra, Australian National University 0200, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Building 14, Canberra, Australian National University 0200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian National University 0200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerreschi, Antonio" sort="Guerreschi, Antonio" uniqKey="Guerreschi A" first="Antonio" last="Guerreschi">Antonio Guerreschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44121 Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higham, Tom" sort="Higham, Tom" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Tom" last="Higham">Tom Higham</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman Kami Ska, Emilia" sort="Hofman Kami Ska, Emilia" uniqKey="Hofman Kami Ska E" first="Emilia" last="Hofman-Kami Ska">Emilia Hofman-Kami Ska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Immel, Alexander" sort="Immel, Alexander" uniqKey="Immel A" first="Alexander" last="Immel">Alexander Immel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Julien, Marie Anne" sort="Julien, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Julien M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Julien">Marie-Anne Julien</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Archaeology, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton SO17 1BF</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BF</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krotova, Oleksandra" sort="Krotova, Oleksandra" uniqKey="Krotova O" first="Oleksandra" last="Krotova">Oleksandra Krotova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Stone Age, Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stone Age, Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, 04210 Kiev</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>04210 Kiev</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langbein, Frauke" sort="Langbein, Frauke" uniqKey="Langbein F" first="Frauke" last="Langbein">Frauke Langbein</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, Greger" sort="Larson, Greger" uniqKey="Larson G" first="Greger" last="Larson">Greger Larson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohrlach, Adam" sort="Rohrlach, Adam" uniqKey="Rohrlach A" first="Adam" last="Rohrlach">Adam Rohrlach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheu, Amelie" sort="Scheu, Amelie" uniqKey="Scheu A" first="Amelie" last="Scheu">Amelie Scheu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schnabel, Robert D" sort="Schnabel, Robert D" uniqKey="Schnabel R" first="Robert D" last="Schnabel">Robert D. Schnabel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jeremy F" sort="Taylor, Jeremy F" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jeremy F" last="Taylor">Jeremy F. Taylor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tokarska, Malgorzata" sort="Tokarska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Tokarska M" first="Małgorzata" last="Tokarska">Małgorzata Tokarska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tosello, Gilles" sort="Tosello, Gilles" uniqKey="Tosello G" first="Gilles" last="Tosello">Gilles Tosello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chercheur associé, CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, URS 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chercheur associé, CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, URS 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Plicht, Johannes" sort="Van Der Plicht, Johannes" uniqKey="Van Der Plicht J" first="Johannes" last="Van Der Plicht">Johannes Van Der Plicht</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, NI-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, NI-9747 AG Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Loenen, Ayla" sort="Van Loenen, Ayla" uniqKey="Van Loenen A" first="Ayla" last="Van Loenen">Ayla Van Loenen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, UMR7209, 'Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements', CP56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, UMR7209, 'Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements', CP56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75005 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wooley, Oliver" sort="Wooley, Oliver" uniqKey="Wooley O" first="Oliver" last="Wooley">Oliver Wooley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, ØsterVoldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350K, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, ØsterVoldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen 1350K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowalczyk, Rafal" sort="Kowalczyk, Rafal" uniqKey="Kowalczyk R" first="Rafał" last="Kowalczyk">Rafał Kowalczyk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>17-230 Białowieża</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Beth" sort="Shapiro, Beth" uniqKey="Shapiro B" first="Beth" last="Shapiro">Beth Shapiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 95064</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27754477</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2041-1723</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>7</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>18</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature communications</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Commun</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>13158</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/ncomms13158</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soubrier</LastName><ForeName>Julien</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gower</LastName><ForeName>Graham</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-3872</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Kefei</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Richards</LastName><ForeName>Stephen M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Llamas</LastName><ForeName>Bastien</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-9176</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mitchell</LastName><ForeName>Kieren J</ForeName><Initials>KJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ho</LastName><ForeName>Simon Y W</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kosintsev</LastName><ForeName>Pavel</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8 Marta Street, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Michael S Y</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baryshnikov</LastName><ForeName>Gennady</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bollongino</LastName><ForeName>Ruth</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bover</LastName><ForeName>Pere</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Cr. Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burger</LastName><ForeName>Joachim</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chivall</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-3847</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crégut-Bonnoure</LastName><ForeName>Evelyne</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Museum Requien, 67 rue Joseph Vernet, 84000 Avignon, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire TRACES UMR5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès - Maison de la Recherche, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Decker</LastName><ForeName>Jared E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-7343</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doronichev</LastName><ForeName>Vladimir B</ForeName><Initials>VB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Douka</LastName><ForeName>Katerina</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fordham</LastName><ForeName>Damien A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fontana</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-4421</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fritz</LastName><ForeName>Carole</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS, TRACES, UMR 5608 et CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, USR 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Glimmerveen</LastName><ForeName>Jan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CERPOLEX/Mammuthus, Anna Paulownastraat 25A, NL-2518 BA Den Haag, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Golovanova</LastName><ForeName>Liubov V</ForeName><Initials>LV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3e 11, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Groves</LastName><ForeName>Colin</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Building 14, Canberra, Australian National University 0200, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guerreschi</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 12 Via Paradiso, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haak</LastName><ForeName>Wolfgang</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Higham</LastName><ForeName>Tom</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hofman-Kamińska</LastName><ForeName>Emilia</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Immel</LastName><ForeName>Alexander</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Julien</LastName><ForeName>Marie-Anne</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Archaeology, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (UMR 7194), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire narurelle, CNRS, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krause</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krotova</LastName><ForeName>Oleksandra</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Stone Age, Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langbein</LastName><ForeName>Frauke</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Larson</LastName><ForeName>Greger</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rohrlach</LastName><ForeName>Adam</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scheu</LastName><ForeName>Amelie</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz D-55128, Mainz, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schnabel</LastName><ForeName>Robert D</ForeName><Initials>RD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-7641</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taylor</LastName><ForeName>Jeremy F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tokarska</LastName><ForeName>Małgorzata</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tosello</LastName><ForeName>Gilles</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chercheur associé, CREAP, MSHS Toulouse, URS 3414, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van der Plicht</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, NI-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Loenen</LastName><ForeName>Ayla</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vigne</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Denis</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, UMR7209, 'Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements', CP56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wooley</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Orlando</LastName><ForeName>Ludovic</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, ØsterVoldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350K, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse 31000, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kowalczyk</LastName><ForeName>Rafał</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shapiro</LastName><ForeName>Beth</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7776</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooper</LastName><ForeName>Alan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-7851</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27754477</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">ncomms13158</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/ncomms13158</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5071849</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>Ukraine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>District de Tübingen</li><li>Groningue 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sort="Fordham, Damien A" uniqKey="Fordham D" first="Damien A" last="Fordham">Damien A. 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Mitchell</name><name sortKey="Richards, Stephen M" sort="Richards, Stephen M" uniqKey="Richards S" first="Stephen M" last="Richards">Stephen M. 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Doronichev</name><name sortKey="Golovanova, Liubov V" sort="Golovanova, Liubov V" uniqKey="Golovanova L" first="Liubov V" last="Golovanova">Liubov V. Golovanova</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-Palatinat"><name sortKey="Bollongino, Ruth" sort="Bollongino, Ruth" uniqKey="Bollongino R" first="Ruth" last="Bollongino">Ruth Bollongino</name></region><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><name sortKey="Immel, Alexander" sort="Immel, Alexander" uniqKey="Immel A" first="Alexander" last="Immel">Alexander Immel</name><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><name sortKey="Langbein, Frauke" sort="Langbein, Frauke" uniqKey="Langbein F" first="Frauke" last="Langbein">Frauke Langbein</name><name sortKey="Scheu, Amelie" sort="Scheu, Amelie" uniqKey="Scheu A" first="Amelie" last="Scheu">Amelie Scheu</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Chivall, David" sort="Chivall, David" uniqKey="Chivall D" first="David" last="Chivall">David Chivall</name></region><name sortKey="Douka, Katerina" sort="Douka, Katerina" uniqKey="Douka K" first="Katerina" last="Douka">Katerina Douka</name><name sortKey="Higham, Tom" sort="Higham, Tom" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Tom" last="Higham">Tom Higham</name><name sortKey="Julien, Marie Anne" sort="Julien, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Julien M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Julien">Marie-Anne Julien</name><name sortKey="Larson, Greger" sort="Larson, Greger" uniqKey="Larson G" first="Greger" last="Larson">Greger Larson</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cregut Bonnoure, Evelyne" sort="Cregut Bonnoure, Evelyne" uniqKey="Cregut Bonnoure E" first="Evelyne" last="Crégut-Bonnoure">Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fritz, Carole" sort="Fritz, Carole" uniqKey="Fritz C" first="Carole" last="Fritz">Carole Fritz</name><name sortKey="Tosello, Gilles" sort="Tosello, Gilles" uniqKey="Tosello G" first="Gilles" last="Tosello">Gilles Tosello</name><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Decker, Jared E" sort="Decker, Jared E" uniqKey="Decker J" first="Jared E" last="Decker">Jared E. 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