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Germline De Novo Mutations in GNB1 Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures.

Identifieur interne : 001D68 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001D67; suivant : 001D69

Germline De Novo Mutations in GNB1 Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures.

Auteurs : Slavé Petrovski [Australie] ; Sébastien Küry [France] ; Candace T. Myers [États-Unis] ; Kwame Anyane-Yeboa [États-Unis] ; Benjamin Cogné [France] ; Martin Bialer [États-Unis] ; Fan Xia [États-Unis] ; Parisa Hemati [États-Unis] ; James Riviello [États-Unis] ; Michele Mehaffey [États-Unis] ; Thomas Besnard [France] ; Emily Becraft [États-Unis] ; Alexandrea Wadley [États-Unis] ; Anya Revah Politi [États-Unis] ; Sophie Colombo [États-Unis] ; Xiaolin Zhu [États-Unis] ; Zhong Ren [États-Unis] ; Ian Andrews [Australie] ; Tracy Dudding-Byth [Australie] ; Amy L. Schneider [Australie] ; Geoffrey Wallace [Australie] ; Aaron B I. Rosen [États-Unis] ; Susan Schelley [États-Unis] ; Gregory M. Enns [États-Unis] ; Pierre Corre [France] ; Joline Dalton [États-Unis] ; Sandra Mercier [France] ; Xénia Latypova [France] ; Sébastien Schmitt [France] ; Edwin Guzman [États-Unis] ; Christine Moore [États-Unis] ; Louise Bier [États-Unis] ; Erin L. Heinzen [États-Unis] ; Peter Karachunski [États-Unis] ; Natasha Shur [États-Unis] ; Theresa Grebe [États-Unis] ; Alice Basinger [États-Unis] ; Joanne M. Nguyen [États-Unis] ; Stéphane Bézieau [France] ; Klaas Wierenga [États-Unis] ; Jonathan A. Bernstein [États-Unis] ; Ingrid E. Scheffer [Australie] ; Jill A. Rosenfeld [États-Unis] ; Heather C. Mefford [États-Unis] ; Bertrand Isidor [France] ; David B. Goldstein [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:27108799

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Whole-exome sequencing of 13 individuals with developmental delay commonly accompanied by abnormal muscle tone and seizures identified de novo missense mutations enriched within a sub-region of GNB1, a gene encoding the guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1, Gβ. These 13 individuals were identified among a base of 5,855 individuals recruited for various undiagnosed genetic disorders. The probability of observing 13 or more de novo mutations by chance among 5,855 individuals is very low (p = 7.1 × 10(-21)), implicating GNB1 as a genome-wide-significant disease-associated gene. The majority of these 13 mutations affect known Gβ binding sites, which suggests that a likely disease mechanism is through the disruption of the protein interface required for Gα-Gβγ interaction (resulting in a constitutively active Gβγ) or through the disruption of residues relevant for interaction between Gβγ and certain downstream effectors (resulting in reduced interaction with the effectors). Strikingly, 8 of the 13 individuals recruited here for a neurodevelopmental disorder have a germline de novo GNB1 mutation that overlaps a set of five recurrent somatic tumor mutations for which recent functional studies demonstrated a gain-of-function effect due to constitutive activation of G protein downstream signaling cascades for some of the affected residues.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.011
PubMed: 27108799


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pubmed:27108799

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Xia, Fan" sort="Xia, Fan" uniqKey="Xia F" first="Fan" last="Xia">Fan Xia</name>
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<name sortKey="Moore, Christine" sort="Moore, Christine" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Christine" last="Moore">Christine Moore</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Bier, Louise" sort="Bier, Louise" uniqKey="Bier L" first="Louise" last="Bier">Louise Bier</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<name sortKey="Heinzen, Erin L" sort="Heinzen, Erin L" uniqKey="Heinzen E" first="Erin L" last="Heinzen">Erin L. Heinzen</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85724</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX 76102, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX 76102</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, Joanne M" sort="Nguyen, Joanne M" uniqKey="Nguyen J" first="Joanne M" last="Nguyen">Joanne M. Nguyen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bezieau, Stephane" sort="Bezieau, Stephane" uniqKey="Bezieau S" first="Stéphane" last="Bézieau">Stéphane Bézieau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Oklahoma</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernstein, Jonathan A" sort="Bernstein, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Bernstein J" first="Jonathan A" last="Bernstein">Jonathan A. Bernstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosenfeld, Jill A" sort="Rosenfeld, Jill A" uniqKey="Rosenfeld J" first="Jill A" last="Rosenfeld">Jill A. Rosenfeld</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mefford, Heather C" sort="Mefford, Heather C" uniqKey="Mefford H" first="Heather C" last="Mefford">Heather C. Mefford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
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<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Isidor, Bertrand" sort="Isidor, Bertrand" uniqKey="Isidor B" first="Bertrand" last="Isidor">Bertrand Isidor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Goldstein, David B" sort="Goldstein, David B" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David B" last="Goldstein">David B. Goldstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: dg2875@cumc.columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
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<title xml:lang="en">Germline De Novo Mutations in GNB1 Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures.</title>
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<name sortKey="Petrovski, Slave" sort="Petrovski, Slave" uniqKey="Petrovski S" first="Slavé" last="Petrovski">Slavé Petrovski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia. Electronic address: slavep@unimelb.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<name sortKey="Kury, Sebastien" sort="Kury, Sebastien" uniqKey="Kury S" first="Sébastien" last="Küry">Sébastien Küry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Myers, Candace T" sort="Myers, Candace T" uniqKey="Myers C" first="Candace T" last="Myers">Candace T. Myers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anyane Yeboa, Kwame" sort="Anyane Yeboa, Kwame" uniqKey="Anyane Yeboa K" first="Kwame" last="Anyane-Yeboa">Kwame Anyane-Yeboa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cogne, Benjamin" sort="Cogne, Benjamin" uniqKey="Cogne B" first="Benjamin" last="Cogné">Benjamin Cogné</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bialer, Martin" sort="Bialer, Martin" uniqKey="Bialer M" first="Martin" last="Bialer">Martin Bialer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xia, Fan" sort="Xia, Fan" uniqKey="Xia F" first="Fan" last="Xia">Fan Xia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemati, Parisa" sort="Hemati, Parisa" uniqKey="Hemati P" first="Parisa" last="Hemati">Parisa Hemati</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riviello, James" sort="Riviello, James" uniqKey="Riviello J" first="James" last="Riviello">James Riviello</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehaffey, Michele" sort="Mehaffey, Michele" uniqKey="Mehaffey M" first="Michele" last="Mehaffey">Michele Mehaffey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Besnard, Thomas" sort="Besnard, Thomas" uniqKey="Besnard T" first="Thomas" last="Besnard">Thomas Besnard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>44093</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>44093</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Becraft, Emily" sort="Becraft, Emily" uniqKey="Becraft E" first="Emily" last="Becraft">Emily Becraft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wadley, Alexandrea" sort="Wadley, Alexandrea" uniqKey="Wadley A" first="Alexandrea" last="Wadley">Alexandrea Wadley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Oklahoma</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Politi, Anya Revah" sort="Politi, Anya Revah" uniqKey="Politi A" first="Anya Revah" last="Politi">Anya Revah Politi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Colombo, Sophie" sort="Colombo, Sophie" uniqKey="Colombo S" first="Sophie" last="Colombo">Sophie Colombo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Xiaolin" sort="Zhu, Xiaolin" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xiaolin" last="Zhu">Xiaolin Zhu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ren, Zhong" sort="Ren, Zhong" uniqKey="Ren Z" first="Zhong" last="Ren">Zhong Ren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Andrews, Ian" sort="Andrews, Ian" uniqKey="Andrews I" first="Ian" last="Andrews">Ian Andrews</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dudding Byth, Tracy" sort="Dudding Byth, Tracy" uniqKey="Dudding Byth T" first="Tracy" last="Dudding-Byth">Tracy Dudding-Byth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Schneider, Amy L" sort="Schneider, Amy L" uniqKey="Schneider A" first="Amy L" last="Schneider">Amy L. Schneider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wallace, Geoffrey" sort="Wallace, Geoffrey" uniqKey="Wallace G" first="Geoffrey" last="Wallace">Geoffrey Wallace</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QLD 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosen, Aaron B I" sort="Rosen, Aaron B I" uniqKey="Rosen A" first="Aaron B I" last="Rosen">Aaron B I. Rosen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schelley, Susan" sort="Schelley, Susan" uniqKey="Schelley S" first="Susan" last="Schelley">Susan Schelley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Enns, Gregory M" sort="Enns, Gregory M" uniqKey="Enns G" first="Gregory M" last="Enns">Gregory M. Enns</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Corre, Pierre" sort="Corre, Pierre" uniqKey="Corre P" first="Pierre" last="Corre">Pierre Corre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Stomatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Stomatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dalton, Joline" sort="Dalton, Joline" uniqKey="Dalton J" first="Joline" last="Dalton">Joline Dalton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mercier, Sandra" sort="Mercier, Sandra" uniqKey="Mercier S" first="Sandra" last="Mercier">Sandra Mercier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Latypova, Xenia" sort="Latypova, Xenia" uniqKey="Latypova X" first="Xénia" last="Latypova">Xénia Latypova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmitt, Sebastien" sort="Schmitt, Sebastien" uniqKey="Schmitt S" first="Sébastien" last="Schmitt">Sébastien Schmitt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guzman, Edwin" sort="Guzman, Edwin" uniqKey="Guzman E" first="Edwin" last="Guzman">Edwin Guzman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moore, Christine" sort="Moore, Christine" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Christine" last="Moore">Christine Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bier, Louise" sort="Bier, Louise" uniqKey="Bier L" first="Louise" last="Bier">Louise Bier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heinzen, Erin L" sort="Heinzen, Erin L" uniqKey="Heinzen E" first="Erin L" last="Heinzen">Erin L. Heinzen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Karachunski, Peter" sort="Karachunski, Peter" uniqKey="Karachunski P" first="Peter" last="Karachunski">Peter Karachunski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shur, Natasha" sort="Shur, Natasha" uniqKey="Shur N" first="Natasha" last="Shur">Natasha Shur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grebe, Theresa" sort="Grebe, Theresa" uniqKey="Grebe T" first="Theresa" last="Grebe">Theresa Grebe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85724, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85724</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Basinger, Alice" sort="Basinger, Alice" uniqKey="Basinger A" first="Alice" last="Basinger">Alice Basinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX 76102, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX 76102</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, Joanne M" sort="Nguyen, Joanne M" uniqKey="Nguyen J" first="Joanne M" last="Nguyen">Joanne M. Nguyen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bezieau, Stephane" sort="Bezieau, Stephane" uniqKey="Bezieau S" first="Stéphane" last="Bézieau">Stéphane Bézieau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wierenga, Klaas" sort="Wierenga, Klaas" uniqKey="Wierenga K" first="Klaas" last="Wierenga">Klaas Wierenga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Oklahoma</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernstein, Jonathan A" sort="Bernstein, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Bernstein J" first="Jonathan A" last="Bernstein">Jonathan A. Bernstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3081, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosenfeld, Jill A" sort="Rosenfeld, Jill A" uniqKey="Rosenfeld J" first="Jill A" last="Rosenfeld">Jill A. Rosenfeld</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mefford, Heather C" sort="Mefford, Heather C" uniqKey="Mefford H" first="Heather C" last="Mefford">Heather C. Mefford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
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<name sortKey="Isidor, Bertrand" sort="Isidor, Bertrand" uniqKey="Isidor B" first="Bertrand" last="Isidor">Bertrand Isidor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Goldstein, David B" sort="Goldstein, David B" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David B" last="Goldstein">David B. Goldstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: dg2875@cumc.columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
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<title level="j">American journal of human genetics</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6605</idno>
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<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Developmental Disabilities (etiology)</term>
<term>Developmental Disabilities (pathology)</term>
<term>Exome (genetics)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits (chemistry)</term>
<term>GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits (genetics)</term>
<term>Germ-Line Mutation (genetics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Infant</term>
<term>Intellectual Disability (etiology)</term>
<term>Intellectual Disability (pathology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Muscle Hypotonia (etiology)</term>
<term>Muscle Hypotonia (pathology)</term>
<term>Phenotype</term>
<term>Protein Conformation</term>
<term>Seizures (etiology)</term>
<term>Seizures (pathology)</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Conformation des protéines</term>
<term>Crises épileptiques (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Crises épileptiques (étiologie)</term>
<term>Déficience intellectuelle (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Déficience intellectuelle (étiologie)</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Exome (génétique)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hypotonie musculaire (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Hypotonie musculaire (étiologie)</term>
<term>Incapacités de développement (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Incapacités de développement (étiologie)</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
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<term>Sous-unités bêta des protéines G ()</term>
<term>Sous-unités bêta des protéines G (génétique)</term>
<term>Transduction du signal</term>
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<term>Crises épileptiques</term>
<term>Déficience intellectuelle</term>
<term>Hypotonie musculaire</term>
<term>Incapacités de développement</term>
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<term>Developmental Disabilities</term>
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<term>Muscle Hypotonia</term>
<term>Seizures</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Exome</term>
<term>GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits</term>
<term>Germ-Line Mutation</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Exome</term>
<term>Mutation germinale</term>
<term>Sous-unités bêta des protéines G</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Developmental Disabilities</term>
<term>Intellectual Disability</term>
<term>Muscle Hypotonia</term>
<term>Seizures</term>
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<term>Crises épileptiques</term>
<term>Déficience intellectuelle</term>
<term>Hypotonie musculaire</term>
<term>Incapacités de développement</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Infant</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Phenotype</term>
<term>Protein Conformation</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
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<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Conformation des protéines</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Whole-exome sequencing of 13 individuals with developmental delay commonly accompanied by abnormal muscle tone and seizures identified de novo missense mutations enriched within a sub-region of GNB1, a gene encoding the guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1, Gβ. These 13 individuals were identified among a base of 5,855 individuals recruited for various undiagnosed genetic disorders. The probability of observing 13 or more de novo mutations by chance among 5,855 individuals is very low (p = 7.1 × 10(-21)), implicating GNB1 as a genome-wide-significant disease-associated gene. The majority of these 13 mutations affect known Gβ binding sites, which suggests that a likely disease mechanism is through the disruption of the protein interface required for Gα-Gβγ interaction (resulting in a constitutively active Gβγ) or through the disruption of residues relevant for interaction between Gβγ and certain downstream effectors (resulting in reduced interaction with the effectors). Strikingly, 8 of the 13 individuals recruited here for a neurodevelopmental disorder have a germline de novo GNB1 mutation that overlaps a set of five recurrent somatic tumor mutations for which recent functional studies demonstrated a gain-of-function effect due to constitutive activation of G protein downstream signaling cascades for some of the affected residues.</div>
</front>
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<PMID Version="1">27108799</PMID>
<DateCreated>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-6605</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>98</Volume>
<Issue>5</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>May</Month>
<Day>05</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>American journal of human genetics</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Am. J. Hum. Genet.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Germline De Novo Mutations in GNB1 Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>1001-1010</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
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<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.011</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Whole-exome sequencing of 13 individuals with developmental delay commonly accompanied by abnormal muscle tone and seizures identified de novo missense mutations enriched within a sub-region of GNB1, a gene encoding the guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1, Gβ. These 13 individuals were identified among a base of 5,855 individuals recruited for various undiagnosed genetic disorders. The probability of observing 13 or more de novo mutations by chance among 5,855 individuals is very low (p = 7.1 × 10(-21)), implicating GNB1 as a genome-wide-significant disease-associated gene. The majority of these 13 mutations affect known Gβ binding sites, which suggests that a likely disease mechanism is through the disruption of the protein interface required for Gα-Gβγ interaction (resulting in a constitutively active Gβγ) or through the disruption of residues relevant for interaction between Gβγ and certain downstream effectors (resulting in reduced interaction with the effectors). Strikingly, 8 of the 13 individuals recruited here for a neurodevelopmental disorder have a germline de novo GNB1 mutation that overlaps a set of five recurrent somatic tumor mutations for which recent functional studies demonstrated a gain-of-function effect due to constitutive activation of G protein downstream signaling cascades for some of the affected residues.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
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<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Petrovski</LastName>
<ForeName>Slavé</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia. Electronic address: slavep@unimelb.edu.au.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Küry</LastName>
<ForeName>Sébastien</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Myers</LastName>
<ForeName>Candace T</ForeName>
<Initials>CT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Anyane-Yeboa</LastName>
<ForeName>Kwame</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<LastName>Cogné</LastName>
<ForeName>Benjamin</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes 44093, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<li>Texas</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
<li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
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<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>New York</li>
<li>Seattle</li>
</settlement>
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<li>Université Columbia</li>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>Université de Washington</li>
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</list>
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<region name="État de New York">
<name sortKey="Petrovski, Slave" sort="Petrovski, Slave" uniqKey="Petrovski S" first="Slavé" last="Petrovski">Slavé Petrovski</name>
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<name sortKey="Andrews, Ian" sort="Andrews, Ian" uniqKey="Andrews I" first="Ian" last="Andrews">Ian Andrews</name>
<name sortKey="Dudding Byth, Tracy" sort="Dudding Byth, Tracy" uniqKey="Dudding Byth T" first="Tracy" last="Dudding-Byth">Tracy Dudding-Byth</name>
<name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name>
<name sortKey="Schneider, Amy L" sort="Schneider, Amy L" uniqKey="Schneider A" first="Amy L" last="Schneider">Amy L. Schneider</name>
<name sortKey="Wallace, Geoffrey" sort="Wallace, Geoffrey" uniqKey="Wallace G" first="Geoffrey" last="Wallace">Geoffrey Wallace</name>
</country>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Kury, Sebastien" sort="Kury, Sebastien" uniqKey="Kury S" first="Sébastien" last="Küry">Sébastien Küry</name>
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<name sortKey="Isidor, Bertrand" sort="Isidor, Bertrand" uniqKey="Isidor B" first="Bertrand" last="Isidor">Bertrand Isidor</name>
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<name sortKey="Mercier, Sandra" sort="Mercier, Sandra" uniqKey="Mercier S" first="Sandra" last="Mercier">Sandra Mercier</name>
<name sortKey="Schmitt, Sebastien" sort="Schmitt, Sebastien" uniqKey="Schmitt S" first="Sébastien" last="Schmitt">Sébastien Schmitt</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Washington (État)">
<name sortKey="Myers, Candace T" sort="Myers, Candace T" uniqKey="Myers C" first="Candace T" last="Myers">Candace T. Myers</name>
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<name sortKey="Basinger, Alice" sort="Basinger, Alice" uniqKey="Basinger A" first="Alice" last="Basinger">Alice Basinger</name>
<name sortKey="Becraft, Emily" sort="Becraft, Emily" uniqKey="Becraft E" first="Emily" last="Becraft">Emily Becraft</name>
<name sortKey="Bernstein, Jonathan A" sort="Bernstein, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Bernstein J" first="Jonathan A" last="Bernstein">Jonathan A. Bernstein</name>
<name sortKey="Bialer, Martin" sort="Bialer, Martin" uniqKey="Bialer M" first="Martin" last="Bialer">Martin Bialer</name>
<name sortKey="Bier, Louise" sort="Bier, Louise" uniqKey="Bier L" first="Louise" last="Bier">Louise Bier</name>
<name sortKey="Colombo, Sophie" sort="Colombo, Sophie" uniqKey="Colombo S" first="Sophie" last="Colombo">Sophie Colombo</name>
<name sortKey="Dalton, Joline" sort="Dalton, Joline" uniqKey="Dalton J" first="Joline" last="Dalton">Joline Dalton</name>
<name sortKey="Enns, Gregory M" sort="Enns, Gregory M" uniqKey="Enns G" first="Gregory M" last="Enns">Gregory M. Enns</name>
<name sortKey="Goldstein, David B" sort="Goldstein, David B" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David B" last="Goldstein">David B. Goldstein</name>
<name sortKey="Grebe, Theresa" sort="Grebe, Theresa" uniqKey="Grebe T" first="Theresa" last="Grebe">Theresa Grebe</name>
<name sortKey="Guzman, Edwin" sort="Guzman, Edwin" uniqKey="Guzman E" first="Edwin" last="Guzman">Edwin Guzman</name>
<name sortKey="Heinzen, Erin L" sort="Heinzen, Erin L" uniqKey="Heinzen E" first="Erin L" last="Heinzen">Erin L. Heinzen</name>
<name sortKey="Hemati, Parisa" sort="Hemati, Parisa" uniqKey="Hemati P" first="Parisa" last="Hemati">Parisa Hemati</name>
<name sortKey="Karachunski, Peter" sort="Karachunski, Peter" uniqKey="Karachunski P" first="Peter" last="Karachunski">Peter Karachunski</name>
<name sortKey="Mefford, Heather C" sort="Mefford, Heather C" uniqKey="Mefford H" first="Heather C" last="Mefford">Heather C. Mefford</name>
<name sortKey="Mehaffey, Michele" sort="Mehaffey, Michele" uniqKey="Mehaffey M" first="Michele" last="Mehaffey">Michele Mehaffey</name>
<name sortKey="Moore, Christine" sort="Moore, Christine" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Christine" last="Moore">Christine Moore</name>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, Joanne M" sort="Nguyen, Joanne M" uniqKey="Nguyen J" first="Joanne M" last="Nguyen">Joanne M. Nguyen</name>
<name sortKey="Politi, Anya Revah" sort="Politi, Anya Revah" uniqKey="Politi A" first="Anya Revah" last="Politi">Anya Revah Politi</name>
<name sortKey="Ren, Zhong" sort="Ren, Zhong" uniqKey="Ren Z" first="Zhong" last="Ren">Zhong Ren</name>
<name sortKey="Riviello, James" sort="Riviello, James" uniqKey="Riviello J" first="James" last="Riviello">James Riviello</name>
<name sortKey="Rosen, Aaron B I" sort="Rosen, Aaron B I" uniqKey="Rosen A" first="Aaron B I" last="Rosen">Aaron B I. Rosen</name>
<name sortKey="Rosenfeld, Jill A" sort="Rosenfeld, Jill A" uniqKey="Rosenfeld J" first="Jill A" last="Rosenfeld">Jill A. Rosenfeld</name>
<name sortKey="Schelley, Susan" sort="Schelley, Susan" uniqKey="Schelley S" first="Susan" last="Schelley">Susan Schelley</name>
<name sortKey="Shur, Natasha" sort="Shur, Natasha" uniqKey="Shur N" first="Natasha" last="Shur">Natasha Shur</name>
<name sortKey="Wadley, Alexandrea" sort="Wadley, Alexandrea" uniqKey="Wadley A" first="Alexandrea" last="Wadley">Alexandrea Wadley</name>
<name sortKey="Wierenga, Klaas" sort="Wierenga, Klaas" uniqKey="Wierenga K" first="Klaas" last="Wierenga">Klaas Wierenga</name>
<name sortKey="Xia, Fan" sort="Xia, Fan" uniqKey="Xia F" first="Fan" last="Xia">Fan Xia</name>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Xiaolin" sort="Zhu, Xiaolin" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xiaolin" last="Zhu">Xiaolin Zhu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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