New Constraints on Terrestrial Surface-Atmosphere Fluxes of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Using a Global Database.
Identifieur interne : 001994 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001993; suivant : 001995New Constraints on Terrestrial Surface-Atmosphere Fluxes of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Using a Global Database.
Auteurs : Yannick Agnan [États-Unis] ; Théo Le Dantec [France] ; Christopher W. Moore [États-Unis] ; Grant C. Edwards [Australie] ; Daniel Obrist [États-Unis]Source :
- Environmental science & technology [ 1520-5851 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Environmental Pollutants, Mercury, Soil Pollutants.
- Databases, Factual, Environmental Monitoring.
Abstract
Despite 30 years of study, gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) exchange magnitude and controls between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere still remain uncertain. We compiled data from 132 studies, including 1290 reported fluxes from more than 200,000 individual measurements, into a database to statistically examine flux magnitudes and controls. We found that fluxes were unevenly distributed, both spatially and temporally, with strong biases toward Hg-enriched sites, daytime and summertime measurements. Fluxes at Hg-enriched sites were positively correlated with substrate concentrations, but this was absent at background sites. Median fluxes over litter- and snow-covered soils were lower than over bare soils, and chamber measurements showed higher emission compared to micrometeorological measurements. Due to low spatial extent, estimated emissions from Hg-enriched areas (217 Mg·a(-1)) were lower than previous estimates. Globally, areas with enhanced atmospheric Hg(0) levels (particularly East Asia) showed an emerging importance of Hg(0) emissions accounting for half of the total global emissions estimated at 607 Mg·a(-1), although with a large uncertainty range (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]). The largest uncertainties in Hg(0) fluxes stem from forests (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]), largely driven by a shortage of whole-ecosystem fluxes and uncertain contributions of leaf-atmosphere exchanges, questioning to what degree ecosystems are net sinks or sources of atmospheric Hg(0).
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04013
PubMed: 26599393
Affiliations:
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Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obrist, Daniel" sort="Obrist, Daniel" uniqKey="Obrist D" first="Daniel" last="Obrist">Daniel Obrist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute , Reno, Nevada 89523, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute , Reno, Nevada 89523</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nevada 89523</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental science & technology</title><idno type="eISSN">1520-5851</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Environmental Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Mercury (analysis)</term><term>Soil Pollutants (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bases de données factuelles</term><term>Mercure (analyse)</term><term>Polluants du sol (analyse)</term><term>Polluants environnementaux (analyse)</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Pollutants</term><term>Mercury</term><term>Soil Pollutants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mercure</term><term>Polluants du sol</term><term>Polluants environnementaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bases de données factuelles</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Despite 30 years of study, gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) exchange magnitude and controls between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere still remain uncertain. We compiled data from 132 studies, including 1290 reported fluxes from more than 200,000 individual measurements, into a database to statistically examine flux magnitudes and controls. We found that fluxes were unevenly distributed, both spatially and temporally, with strong biases toward Hg-enriched sites, daytime and summertime measurements. Fluxes at Hg-enriched sites were positively correlated with substrate concentrations, but this was absent at background sites. Median fluxes over litter- and snow-covered soils were lower than over bare soils, and chamber measurements showed higher emission compared to micrometeorological measurements. Due to low spatial extent, estimated emissions from Hg-enriched areas (217 Mg·a(-1)) were lower than previous estimates. Globally, areas with enhanced atmospheric Hg(0) levels (particularly East Asia) showed an emerging importance of Hg(0) emissions accounting for half of the total global emissions estimated at 607 Mg·a(-1), although with a large uncertainty range (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]). The largest uncertainties in Hg(0) fluxes stem from forests (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]), largely driven by a shortage of whole-ecosystem fluxes and uncertain contributions of leaf-atmosphere exchanges, questioning to what degree ecosystems are net sinks or sources of atmospheric Hg(0).</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26599393</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1520-5851</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>50</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Environmental science & technology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Environ. Sci. Technol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>New Constraints on Terrestrial Surface-Atmosphere Fluxes of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Using a Global Database.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>507-24</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1021/acs.est.5b04013</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Despite 30 years of study, gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) exchange magnitude and controls between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere still remain uncertain. We compiled data from 132 studies, including 1290 reported fluxes from more than 200,000 individual measurements, into a database to statistically examine flux magnitudes and controls. We found that fluxes were unevenly distributed, both spatially and temporally, with strong biases toward Hg-enriched sites, daytime and summertime measurements. Fluxes at Hg-enriched sites were positively correlated with substrate concentrations, but this was absent at background sites. Median fluxes over litter- and snow-covered soils were lower than over bare soils, and chamber measurements showed higher emission compared to micrometeorological measurements. Due to low spatial extent, estimated emissions from Hg-enriched areas (217 Mg·a(-1)) were lower than previous estimates. Globally, areas with enhanced atmospheric Hg(0) levels (particularly East Asia) showed an emerging importance of Hg(0) emissions accounting for half of the total global emissions estimated at 607 Mg·a(-1), although with a large uncertainty range (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]). The largest uncertainties in Hg(0) fluxes stem from forests (-513 to 1353 Mg·a(-1) [range of 37.5th and 62.5th percentiles]), largely driven by a shortage of whole-ecosystem fluxes and uncertain contributions of leaf-atmosphere exchanges, questioning to what degree ecosystems are net sinks or sources of atmospheric Hg(0).</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agnan</LastName><ForeName>Yannick</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute , Reno, Nevada 89523, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Le Dantec</LastName><ForeName>Théo</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Toulouse ; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moore</LastName><ForeName>Christopher W</ForeName><Initials>CW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute , Reno, Nevada 89523, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edwards</LastName><ForeName>Grant C</ForeName><Initials>GC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obrist</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute , Reno, Nevada 89523, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Environ Sci Technol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0213155</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0013-936X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004785">Environmental Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012989">Soil Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>FXS1BY2PGL</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008628">Mercury</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016208" MajorTopicYN="N">Databases, Factual</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004784" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004785" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008628" MajorTopicYN="N">Mercury</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012989" MajorTopicYN="N">Soil Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26599393</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1021/acs.est.5b04013</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Agnan, Yannick" sort="Agnan, Yannick" uniqKey="Agnan Y" first="Yannick" last="Agnan">Yannick Agnan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Moore, Christopher W" sort="Moore, Christopher W" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Christopher W" last="Moore">Christopher W. Moore</name><name sortKey="Obrist, Daniel" sort="Obrist, Daniel" uniqKey="Obrist D" first="Daniel" last="Obrist">Daniel Obrist</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Le Dantec, Theo" sort="Le Dantec, Theo" uniqKey="Le Dantec T" first="Théo" last="Le Dantec">Théo Le Dantec</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Edwards, Grant C" sort="Edwards, Grant C" uniqKey="Edwards G" first="Grant C" last="Edwards">Grant C. Edwards</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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