Revealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress.
Identifieur interne : 001742 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001741; suivant : 001743Revealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress.
Auteurs : Timothy J. Brodribb [Australie] ; Diane Bienaimé [France] ; Philippe Marmottant [France]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- métabolisme : Eau.
- physiologie : Angiospermes, Faisceau vasculaire des plantes, Feuilles de plante, Fougères, Stress physiologique.
- Air, Microfluidique, Spécificité d'espèce, Sécheresses, Transpiration des plantes.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Water.
- physiology : Angiosperms, Ferns, Plant Leaves, Plant Vascular Bundle, Stress, Physiological.
- Air, Droughts, Microfluidics, Plant Transpiration, Species Specificity.
Abstract
The intricate patterns of veins that adorn the leaves of land plants are among the most important networks in biology. Water flows in these leaf irrigation networks under tension and is vulnerable to embolism-forming cavitations, which cut off water supply, ultimately causing leaf death. Understanding the ways in which plants structure their vein supply network to protect against embolism-induced failure has enormous ecological and evolutionary implications, but until now there has been no way of observing dynamic failure in natural leaf networks. Here we use a new optical method that allows the initiation and spread of embolism bubbles in the leaf network to be visualized. Examining embolism-induced failure of architecturally diverse leaf networks, we found that conservative rules described the progression of hydraulic failure within veins. The most fundamental rule was that within an individual venation network, susceptibility to embolism always increased proportionally with the size of veins, and initial nucleation always occurred in the largest vein. Beyond this general framework, considerable diversity in the pattern of network failure was found between species, related to differences in vein network topology. The highest-risk network was found in a fern species, where single events caused massive disruption to leaf water supply, whereas safer networks in angiosperm leaves contained veins with composite properties, allowing a staged failure of water supply. These results reveal how the size structure of leaf venation is a critical determinant of the spread of embolism damage to leaves during drought.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522569113
PubMed: 27071104
Affiliations:
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Water flows in these leaf irrigation networks under tension and is vulnerable to embolism-forming cavitations, which cut off water supply, ultimately causing leaf death. Understanding the ways in which plants structure their vein supply network to protect against embolism-induced failure has enormous ecological and evolutionary implications, but until now there has been no way of observing dynamic failure in natural leaf networks. Here we use a new optical method that allows the initiation and spread of embolism bubbles in the leaf network to be visualized. Examining embolism-induced failure of architecturally diverse leaf networks, we found that conservative rules described the progression of hydraulic failure within veins. The most fundamental rule was that within an individual venation network, susceptibility to embolism always increased proportionally with the size of veins, and initial nucleation always occurred in the largest vein. Beyond this general framework, considerable diversity in the pattern of network failure was found between species, related to differences in vein network topology. The highest-risk network was found in a fern species, where single events caused massive disruption to leaf water supply, whereas safer networks in angiosperm leaves contained veins with composite properties, allowing a staged failure of water supply. These results reveal how the size structure of leaf venation is a critical determinant of the spread of embolism damage to leaves during drought.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27071104</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>113</Volume><Issue>17</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>26</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Revealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4865-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1522569113</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The intricate patterns of veins that adorn the leaves of land plants are among the most important networks in biology. Water flows in these leaf irrigation networks under tension and is vulnerable to embolism-forming cavitations, which cut off water supply, ultimately causing leaf death. Understanding the ways in which plants structure their vein supply network to protect against embolism-induced failure has enormous ecological and evolutionary implications, but until now there has been no way of observing dynamic failure in natural leaf networks. Here we use a new optical method that allows the initiation and spread of embolism bubbles in the leaf network to be visualized. Examining embolism-induced failure of architecturally diverse leaf networks, we found that conservative rules described the progression of hydraulic failure within veins. The most fundamental rule was that within an individual venation network, susceptibility to embolism always increased proportionally with the size of veins, and initial nucleation always occurred in the largest vein. Beyond this general framework, considerable diversity in the pattern of network failure was found between species, related to differences in vein network topology. The highest-risk network was found in a fern species, where single events caused massive disruption to leaf water supply, whereas safer networks in angiosperm leaves contained veins with composite properties, allowing a staged failure of water supply. These results reveal how the size structure of leaf venation is a critical determinant of the spread of embolism damage to leaves during drought.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brodribb</LastName><ForeName>Timothy J</ForeName><Initials>TJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; timothyb@utas.edu.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bienaimé</LastName><ForeName>Diane</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR 5588, Grenoble, F-38401, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marmottant</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR 5588, Grenoble, F-38401, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>059QF0KO0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014867">Water</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin 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MajorTopicYN="N">Air</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019684" MajorTopicYN="N">Angiosperms</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055864" MajorTopicYN="Y">Droughts</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D029624" MajorTopicYN="N">Ferns</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044085" MajorTopicYN="N">Microfluidics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018515" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Leaves</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018526" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Transpiration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058526" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Vascular Bundle</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013045" MajorTopicYN="N">Species Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013312" MajorTopicYN="N">Stress, Physiological</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014867" MajorTopicYN="N">Water</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4855591 [Available on 10/26/16]</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">drought</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">embolism</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">leaf</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">vein</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">xylem</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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sort="Brodribb, Timothy J" uniqKey="Brodribb T" first="Timothy J" last="Brodribb">Timothy J. Brodribb</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Bienaime, Diane" sort="Bienaime, Diane" uniqKey="Bienaime D" first="Diane" last="Bienaimé">Diane Bienaimé</name></region><name sortKey="Marmottant, Philippe" sort="Marmottant, Philippe" uniqKey="Marmottant P" first="Philippe" last="Marmottant">Philippe Marmottant</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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