The Acheulian and Early Middle Paleolithic in Latium (Italy): Stability and Innovation.
Identifieur interne : 001594 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001593; suivant : 001595The Acheulian and Early Middle Paleolithic in Latium (Italy): Stability and Innovation.
Auteurs : Paola Villa [États-Unis] ; Sylvain Soriano [France] ; Rainer Grün [Australie] ; Fabrizio Marra [Italie] ; Sebastien Nomade [France] ; Alison Pereira [France] ; Giovanni Boschian [Italie] ; Luca Pollarolo [Afrique du Sud] ; Fang Fang [Australie] ; Jean-Jacques Bahain [France]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
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Abstract
We present here the results of a technological and typological analysis of the Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) together with comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido. The assemblages were never chronometrically dated before. We have now 40Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates, within a geomorphological framework, which support correlations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. Lithic analyses are preceded by taphonomic evaluations. The Levallois method of the Middle Paleolithic assemblage is an innovation characterized by the production of thin flake blanks without cortex. In contrast, the small tool blanks of the Acheulian were either pebbles or thick flakes with some cortex. They provided a relatively easy manual prehension. The choice of Levallois thin flake blanks in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage suggest that the new technology is most likely related to the emergence of hafting. Accordingly, the oldest direct evidence of hafting technology is from the site of Campitello Quarry in Tuscany (Central Italy) where birch-bark tar, found on the proximal part of two flint flakes, is dated to the end of MIS 7. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature of the Middle Paleolithic at Torre in Pietra is the continuous presence of small tool blanks on pebbles and cores and on thick flake albeit at a much lower frequency than in the older Acheulian industries. The adoption of the new technology is thus characterized by innovation combined with a degree of stability. The persistence of these habits in spite of the introduction of an innovative technique underlies the importance of cultural transmission and conformity in the behavior of Neandertals.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160516
PubMed: 27525705
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Australie, France, Italie, États-Unis
- Gauteng, Latium, Toscane, Île-de-France
- Gif-sur-Yvette, Johannesbourg, Paris, Pise, Rome
- Université de Pise, Université du Witwatersrand
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last="Fang">Fang Fang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahain, Jean Jacques" sort="Bahain, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Bahain J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Bahain">Jean-Jacques Bahain</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" 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xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Archéologie</term><term>Emploi d'outils</term><term>Fossiles</term><term>Italie</term><term>Néandertaliens</term><term>Technologie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We present here the results of a technological and typological analysis of the Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) together with comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido. The assemblages were never chronometrically dated before. We have now 40Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates, within a geomorphological framework, which support correlations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. Lithic analyses are preceded by taphonomic evaluations. The Levallois method of the Middle Paleolithic assemblage is an innovation characterized by the production of thin flake blanks without cortex. In contrast, the small tool blanks of the Acheulian were either pebbles or thick flakes with some cortex. They provided a relatively easy manual prehension. The choice of Levallois thin flake blanks in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage suggest that the new technology is most likely related to the emergence of hafting. Accordingly, the oldest direct evidence of hafting technology is from the site of Campitello Quarry in Tuscany (Central Italy) where birch-bark tar, found on the proximal part of two flint flakes, is dated to the end of MIS 7. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature of the Middle Paleolithic at Torre in Pietra is the continuous presence of small tool blanks on pebbles and cores and on thick flake albeit at a much lower frequency than in the older Acheulian industries. The adoption of the new technology is thus characterized by innovation combined with a degree of stability. The persistence of these habits in spite of the introduction of an innovative technique underlies the importance of cultural transmission and conformity in the behavior of Neandertals.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27525705</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Acheulian and Early Middle Paleolithic in Latium (Italy): Stability and Innovation.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0160516</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0160516</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We present here the results of a technological and typological analysis of the Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) together with comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido. The assemblages were never chronometrically dated before. We have now 40Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates, within a geomorphological framework, which support correlations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. Lithic analyses are preceded by taphonomic evaluations. The Levallois method of the Middle Paleolithic assemblage is an innovation characterized by the production of thin flake blanks without cortex. In contrast, the small tool blanks of the Acheulian were either pebbles or thick flakes with some cortex. They provided a relatively easy manual prehension. The choice of Levallois thin flake blanks in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage suggest that the new technology is most likely related to the emergence of hafting. Accordingly, the oldest direct evidence of hafting technology is from the site of Campitello Quarry in Tuscany (Central Italy) where birch-bark tar, found on the proximal part of two flint flakes, is dated to the end of MIS 7. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature of the Middle Paleolithic at Torre in Pietra is the continuous presence of small tool blanks on pebbles and cores and on thick flake albeit at a much lower frequency than in the older Acheulian industries. The adoption of the new technology is thus characterized by innovation combined with a degree of stability. The persistence of these habits in spite of the introduction of an innovative technique underlies the importance of cultural transmission and conformity in the behavior of Neandertals.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Villa</LastName><ForeName>Paola</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-5443</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0265, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soriano</LastName><ForeName>Sylvain</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ArScAn, AnTET, CNRS, Université Paris Ouest, 92023, Nanterre, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grün</LastName><ForeName>Rainer</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre of Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marra</LastName><ForeName>Fabrizio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00147, Roma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nomade</LastName><ForeName>Sebastien</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du climat et de l'environnement, CEA Saclay, UMR 8212, UVSQ et Université de Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pereira</LastName><ForeName>Alison</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du climat et de l'environnement, CEA Saclay, UMR 8212, UVSQ et Université de Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ecole française, Roma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boschian</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pollarolo</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l'Afrique, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Fang</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre of Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bahain</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Jacques</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2015 Jul 10;10(7):e0131127</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26161665</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Phys Anthropol. 1956 Jun;14(2):319-23</RefSource><PMID Version="1">13362495</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Commun. 2014 Sep 25;5:5076</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25254503</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2014 Sep 05;9(9):e106293</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25192429</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 29;108(13):5209-14</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21402905</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001106" MajorTopicYN="Y">Archaeology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005580" MajorTopicYN="N">Fossils</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007558" MajorTopicYN="N">Italy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059125" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neanderthals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013672" MajorTopicYN="Y">Technology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053001" MajorTopicYN="N">Tool Use Behavior</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4985512</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27525705</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0160516</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-16-16217</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4985512</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Gauteng</li><li>Latium</li><li>Toscane</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Gif-sur-Yvette</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Paris</li><li>Pise</li><li>Rome</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Pise</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Villa, Paola" sort="Villa, Paola" uniqKey="Villa P" first="Paola" last="Villa">Paola Villa</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Soriano, Sylvain" sort="Soriano, Sylvain" uniqKey="Soriano S" first="Sylvain" last="Soriano">Sylvain Soriano</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bahain, Jean Jacques" sort="Bahain, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Bahain J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Bahain">Jean-Jacques Bahain</name><name sortKey="Nomade, Sebastien" sort="Nomade, Sebastien" uniqKey="Nomade S" first="Sebastien" last="Nomade">Sebastien Nomade</name><name sortKey="Pereira, Alison" sort="Pereira, Alison" uniqKey="Pereira A" first="Alison" last="Pereira">Alison Pereira</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grun, Rainer" sort="Grun, Rainer" uniqKey="Grun R" first="Rainer" last="Grün">Rainer Grün</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fang, Fang" sort="Fang, Fang" uniqKey="Fang F" first="Fang" last="Fang">Fang Fang</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Marra, Fabrizio" sort="Marra, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Marra F" first="Fabrizio" last="Marra">Fabrizio Marra</name></region><name sortKey="Boschian, Giovanni" sort="Boschian, Giovanni" uniqKey="Boschian G" first="Giovanni" last="Boschian">Giovanni Boschian</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Pollarolo, Luca" sort="Pollarolo, Luca" uniqKey="Pollarolo L" first="Luca" last="Pollarolo">Luca Pollarolo</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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