Effects of liver-stage clearance by Primaquine on gametocyte carriage of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum.
Identifieur interne : 000D51 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000D50; suivant : 000D52Effects of liver-stage clearance by Primaquine on gametocyte carriage of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum.
Auteurs : Rahel Wampfler [Suisse] ; Natalie E. Hofmann [Suisse] ; Stephan Karl [Australie] ; Inoni Betuela [Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée] ; Benson Kinboro [Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée] ; Lina Lorry [Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée] ; Mariabeth Silkey [Suisse] ; Leanne J. Robinson [Australie] ; Ivo Mueller [Australie] ; Ingrid Felger [Suisse]Source :
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases [ 1935-2735 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse de régression, Analyse multivariée, Antipaludiques (usage thérapeutique), Artémisinines (usage thérapeutique), Association médicamenteuse, Chloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Fluorènes (usage thérapeutique), Foie (), Foie (parasitologie), Humains, Mâle, Méthode en double aveugle, Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (traitement médicamenteux), Paludisme à Plasmodium vivax (traitement médicamenteux), Papouasie - Nouvelle-Guinée, Plasmodium falciparum (), Plasmodium vivax (), Primaquine (usage thérapeutique), Récidive, Sang (parasitologie), Éthanolamines (usage thérapeutique).
- MESH :
- parasitologie : Foie, Sang.
- traitement médicamenteux : Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum, Paludisme à Plasmodium vivax.
- usage thérapeutique : Antipaludiques, Artémisinines, Chloroquine, Fluorènes, Primaquine, Éthanolamines.
- Analyse de régression, Analyse multivariée, Association médicamenteuse, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Foie, Humains, Mâle, Méthode en double aveugle, Papouasie - Nouvelle-Guinée, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Récidive.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antimalarials (therapeutic use), Artemisinins (therapeutic use), Blood (parasitology), Child, Child, Preschool, Chloroquine (therapeutic use), Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines (therapeutic use), Female, Fluorenes (therapeutic use), Humans, Liver (drug effects), Liver (parasitology), Malaria, Falciparum (drug therapy), Malaria, Vivax (drug therapy), Male, Multivariate Analysis, Papua New Guinea, Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects), Plasmodium vivax (drug effects), Primaquine (therapeutic use), Recurrence, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors.
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antimalarials, Artemisinins, Chloroquine, Ethanolamines, Fluorenes, Primaquine.
- drug effects : Liver, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax.
- drug therapy : Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria, Vivax.
- parasitology : Blood, Liver.
- Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Papua New Guinea, Recurrence, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors.
Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) is the only currently licensed antimalarial that prevents Plasmodium vivax (Pv) relapses. It also clears mature P. falciparum (Pf) gametocytes, thereby reducing post-treatment transmission. Randomized PQ treatment in a treatment-to-reinfection cohort in Papua New Guinean children permitted the study of Pv and Pf gametocyte carriage after radical cure and to investigate the contribution of Pv relapses.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005753
PubMed: 28732068
Affiliations:
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pubmed:28732068Le document en format XML
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Hofmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karl, Stephan" sort="Karl, Stephan" uniqKey="Karl S" first="Stephan" last="Karl">Stephan Karl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parkville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Betuela, Inoni" sort="Betuela, Inoni" uniqKey="Betuela I" first="Inoni" last="Betuela">Inoni Betuela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goroka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinboro, Benson" sort="Kinboro, Benson" uniqKey="Kinboro B" first="Benson" last="Kinboro">Benson Kinboro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goroka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorry, Lina" sort="Lorry, Lina" uniqKey="Lorry L" first="Lina" last="Lorry">Lina Lorry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goroka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silkey, Mariabeth" sort="Silkey, Mariabeth" uniqKey="Silkey M" first="Mariabeth" last="Silkey">Mariabeth Silkey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Leanne J" sort="Robinson, Leanne J" uniqKey="Robinson L" first="Leanne J" last="Robinson">Leanne J. Robinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parkville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mueller, Ivo" sort="Mueller, Ivo" uniqKey="Mueller I" first="Ivo" last="Mueller">Ivo Mueller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parkville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felger, Ingrid" sort="Felger, Ingrid" uniqKey="Felger I" first="Ingrid" last="Felger">Ingrid Felger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antimalarials (therapeutic use)</term><term>Artemisinins (therapeutic use)</term><term>Blood (parasitology)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Chloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Double-Blind Method</term><term>Drug Combinations</term><term>Ethanolamines (therapeutic use)</term><term>Female</term><term>Fluorenes (therapeutic use)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Liver (drug effects)</term><term>Liver (parasitology)</term><term>Malaria, Falciparum (drug therapy)</term><term>Malaria, Vivax (drug therapy)</term><term>Male</term><term>Multivariate Analysis</term><term>Papua New Guinea</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects)</term><term>Plasmodium vivax (drug effects)</term><term>Primaquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Recurrence</term><term>Regression Analysis</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de régression</term><term>Analyse multivariée</term><term>Antipaludiques (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Artémisinines (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Association médicamenteuse</term><term>Chloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fluorènes (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Foie ()</term><term>Foie (parasitologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Méthode en double aveugle</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium vivax (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Papouasie - Nouvelle-Guinée</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum ()</term><term>Plasmodium vivax ()</term><term>Primaquine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Récidive</term><term>Sang (parasitologie)</term><term>Éthanolamines (usage thérapeutique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antimalarials</term><term>Artemisinins</term><term>Chloroquine</term><term>Ethanolamines</term><term>Fluorenes</term><term>Primaquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Liver</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Plasmodium vivax</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Malaria, Falciparum</term><term>Malaria, Vivax</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Foie</term><term>Sang</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood</term><term>Liver</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Paludisme à Plasmodium vivax</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antipaludiques</term><term>Artémisinines</term><term>Chloroquine</term><term>Fluorènes</term><term>Primaquine</term><term>Éthanolamines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Double-Blind Method</term><term>Drug Combinations</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Multivariate Analysis</term><term>Papua New Guinea</term><term>Recurrence</term><term>Regression Analysis</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de régression</term><term>Analyse multivariée</term><term>Association médicamenteuse</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Foie</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Méthode en double aveugle</term><term>Papouasie - Nouvelle-Guinée</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Plasmodium vivax</term><term>Récidive</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Primaquine (PQ) is the only currently licensed antimalarial that prevents Plasmodium vivax (Pv) relapses. It also clears mature P. falciparum (Pf) gametocytes, thereby reducing post-treatment transmission. Randomized PQ treatment in a treatment-to-reinfection cohort in Papua New Guinean children permitted the study of Pv and Pf gametocyte carriage after radical cure and to investigate the contribution of Pv relapses.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28732068</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1935-2735</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Jul</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Effects of liver-stage clearance by Primaquine on gametocyte carriage of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0005753</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pntd.0005753</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Primaquine (PQ) is the only currently licensed antimalarial that prevents Plasmodium vivax (Pv) relapses. It also clears mature P. falciparum (Pf) gametocytes, thereby reducing post-treatment transmission. Randomized PQ treatment in a treatment-to-reinfection cohort in Papua New Guinean children permitted the study of Pv and Pf gametocyte carriage after radical cure and to investigate the contribution of Pv relapses.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Children received radical cure with Chloroquine, Artemether-Lumefantrine plus either PQ or placebo. Blood samples were subsequently collected in 2-to 4-weekly intervals over 8 months. Gametocytes were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR targeting pvs25 and pfs25.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">PQ treatment reduced the incidence of Pv gametocytes by 73%, which was comparable to the effect of PQ on incidence of blood-stage infections. 92% of Pv and 79% of Pf gametocyte-positive infections were asymptomatic. Pv and to a lesser extent Pf gametocyte positivity and density were associated with high blood-stage parasite densities. Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of gametocytes were significantly reduced in mixed-species infections compared to single-species infections for both species (ORPv = 0.39 [95% CI 0.25-0.62], ORPf = 0.33 [95% CI 0.18-0.60], p<0.001). No difference between the PQ and placebo treatment arms was observed in density of Pv gametocytes or in the proportion of Pv infections that carried gametocytes. First infections after blood-stage and placebo treatment, likely caused by a relapsing hypnozoite, were equally likely to carry gametocytes than first infections after PQ treatment, likely caused by an infective mosquito bite.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Pv relapses and new infections are associated with similar levels of gametocytaemia. Relapses thus contribute considerably to the Pv reservoir highlighting the importance of effective anti-hypnozoite treatment for efficient control of Pv.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="TRIAL REGISTRATION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02143934.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wampfler</LastName><ForeName>Rahel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hofmann</LastName><ForeName>Natalie E</ForeName><Initials>NE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karl</LastName><ForeName>Stephan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Betuela</LastName><ForeName>Inoni</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kinboro</LastName><ForeName>Benson</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lorry</LastName><ForeName>Lina</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silkey</LastName><ForeName>Mariabeth</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Robinson</LastName><ForeName>Leanne J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mueller</LastName><ForeName>Ivo</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Divison of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Malaria Parasites & Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Felger</LastName><ForeName>Ingrid</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-2606</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D017429">Clinical Trial, Phase IV</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>21</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101291488</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1935-2727</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D037621">Artemisinins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004338">Drug Combinations</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004983">Ethanolamines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005449">Fluorenes</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C515298">artemether-lumefantrine combination</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>886U3H6UFF</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002738">Chloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>MVR3634GX1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011319">Primaquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 May-Jun;64(5-6):262-7</RefSource><PMID 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Version="1">18784229</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D037621" MajorTopicYN="N">Artemisinins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001769" MajorTopicYN="N">Blood</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002738" MajorTopicYN="N">Chloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004311" MajorTopicYN="N">Double-Blind Method</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004338" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Combinations</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004983" MajorTopicYN="N">Ethanolamines</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005449" MajorTopicYN="N">Fluorenes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008099" MajorTopicYN="N">Liver</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016778" MajorTopicYN="N">Malaria, Falciparum</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016780" MajorTopicYN="N">Malaria, Vivax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015999" MajorTopicYN="N">Multivariate Analysis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010219" MajorTopicYN="N">Papua New Guinea</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010963" MajorTopicYN="N">Plasmodium falciparum</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010966" MajorTopicYN="N">Plasmodium vivax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011319" MajorTopicYN="N">Primaquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012008" MajorTopicYN="N">Recurrence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012044" MajorTopicYN="N">Regression Analysis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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