Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition.
Identifieur interne : 000B64 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000B63; suivant : 000B65Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition.
Auteurs : V. Warrier [Royaume-Uni] ; K L Grasby [Australie] ; F. Uzefovsky [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Toro [France] ; P. Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; B. Chakrabarti [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Khadake [Royaume-Uni] ; E. Mawbey-Adamson [Royaume-Uni] ; N. Litterman [États-Unis] ; J-J Hottenga [Pays-Bas] ; G. Lubke [États-Unis] ; D I Boomsma [Pays-Bas] ; N G Martin [Australie] ; P K Hatemi [États-Unis] ; S E Medland [Australie] ; D A Hinds [États-Unis] ; T. Bourgeron [France] ; S. Baron-Cohen [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Molecular psychiatry [ 1476-5578 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy using the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test) in 88,056 research volunteers of European Ancestry (44,574 females and 43,482 males) from 23andMe Inc., and an additional 1497 research volunteers of European Ancestry (891 females and 606 males) from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. We confirmed a female advantage on the Eyes Test (Cohen's d=0.21, P<2.2 × 10(-16)), and identified a locus in 3p26.1 that is associated with scores on the Eyes Test in females (rs7641347, Pmeta=1.58 × 10(-8)). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms explained 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.2%; P=1.00 × 10(-17)) of the total trait variance in both sexes, and we identified a twin heritability of 28% (95% CI: 13%-42%). Finally, we identified significant genetic correlation between the Eyes Test and anorexia nervosa, openness (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), and different measures of educational attainment and cognitive aptitude.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 6 June 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.122.
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.122
PubMed: 28584286
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Californie, Hollande-Septentrionale, Indiana, Pennsylvanie, Île-de-France
- Amsterdam, Cambridge, Paris, University Park (Pennsylvanie)
- Université d'État de Pennsylvanie, Université de Cambridge
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Warrier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grasby, K L" sort="Grasby, K L" uniqKey="Grasby K" first="K L" last="Grasby">K L Grasby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uzefovsky, F" sort="Uzefovsky, F" uniqKey="Uzefovsky F" first="F" last="Uzefovsky">F. 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Lubke</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, D I" sort="Boomsma, D I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="D I" last="Boomsma">D I Boomsma</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, N G" sort="Martin, N G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="N G" last="Martin">N G Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatemi, P K" sort="Hatemi, P K" uniqKey="Hatemi P" first="P K" last="Hatemi">P K Hatemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Political Science, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Political Science, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medland, S E" sort="Medland, S E" uniqKey="Medland S" first="S E" last="Medland">S E Medland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hinds, D A" sort="Hinds, D A" uniqKey="Hinds D" first="D A" last="Hinds">D A Hinds</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bourgeron, T" sort="Bourgeron, T" uniqKey="Bourgeron T" first="T" last="Bourgeron">T. Bourgeron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron Cohen, S" sort="Baron Cohen, S" uniqKey="Baron Cohen S" first="S" last="Baron-Cohen">S. 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Warrier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grasby, K L" sort="Grasby, K L" uniqKey="Grasby K" first="K L" last="Grasby">K L Grasby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uzefovsky, F" sort="Uzefovsky, F" uniqKey="Uzefovsky F" first="F" last="Uzefovsky">F. Uzefovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toro, R" sort="Toro, R" uniqKey="Toro R" first="R" last="Toro">R. Toro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, P" sort="Smith, P" uniqKey="Smith P" first="P" last="Smith">P. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, B" sort="Chakrabarti, B" uniqKey="Chakrabarti B" first="B" last="Chakrabarti">B. Chakrabarti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Reading</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khadake, J" sort="Khadake, J" uniqKey="Khadake J" first="J" last="Khadake">J. Khadake</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mawbey Adamson, E" sort="Mawbey Adamson, E" uniqKey="Mawbey Adamson E" first="E" last="Mawbey-Adamson">E. Mawbey-Adamson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litterman, N" sort="Litterman, N" uniqKey="Litterman N" first="N" last="Litterman">N. Litterman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, J J" sort="Hottenga, J J" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="J-J" last="Hottenga">J-J Hottenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lubke, G" sort="Lubke, G" uniqKey="Lubke G" first="G" last="Lubke">G. Lubke</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, D I" sort="Boomsma, D I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="D I" last="Boomsma">D I Boomsma</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, N G" sort="Martin, N G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="N G" last="Martin">N G Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatemi, P K" sort="Hatemi, P K" uniqKey="Hatemi P" first="P K" last="Hatemi">P K Hatemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Political Science, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Political Science, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medland, S E" sort="Medland, S E" uniqKey="Medland S" first="S E" last="Medland">S E Medland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hinds, D A" sort="Hinds, D A" uniqKey="Hinds D" first="D A" last="Hinds">D A Hinds</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bourgeron, T" sort="Bourgeron, T" uniqKey="Bourgeron T" first="T" last="Bourgeron">T. Bourgeron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron Cohen, S" sort="Baron Cohen, S" uniqKey="Baron Cohen S" first="S" last="Baron-Cohen">S. Baron-Cohen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular psychiatry</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-5578</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy using the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test) in 88,056 research volunteers of European Ancestry (44,574 females and 43,482 males) from 23andMe Inc., and an additional 1497 research volunteers of European Ancestry (891 females and 606 males) from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. We confirmed a female advantage on the Eyes Test (Cohen's d=0.21, P<2.2 × 10(-16)), and identified a locus in 3p26.1 that is associated with scores on the Eyes Test in females (rs7641347, Pmeta=1.58 × 10(-8)). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms explained 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.2%; P=1.00 × 10(-17)) of the total trait variance in both sexes, and we identified a twin heritability of 28% (95% CI: 13%-42%). Finally, we identified significant genetic correlation between the Eyes Test and anorexia nervosa, openness (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), and different measures of educational attainment and cognitive aptitude.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 6 June 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.122.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28584286</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-5578</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Jun</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Molecular psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mol. Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/mp.2017.122</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy using the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test) in 88,056 research volunteers of European Ancestry (44,574 females and 43,482 males) from 23andMe Inc., and an additional 1497 research volunteers of European Ancestry (891 females and 606 males) from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. We confirmed a female advantage on the Eyes Test (Cohen's d=0.21, P<2.2 × 10(-16)), and identified a locus in 3p26.1 that is associated with scores on the Eyes Test in females (rs7641347, Pmeta=1.58 × 10(-8)). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms explained 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.2%; P=1.00 × 10(-17)) of the total trait variance in both sexes, and we identified a twin heritability of 28% (95% CI: 13%-42%). Finally, we identified significant genetic correlation between the Eyes Test and anorexia nervosa, openness (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), and different measures of educational attainment and cognitive aptitude.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 6 June 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.122.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Warrier</LastName><ForeName>V</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grasby</LastName><ForeName>K L</ForeName><Initials>KL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uzefovsky</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toro</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-858X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smith</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chakrabarti</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-7895</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khadake</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mawbey-Adamson</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Litterman</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hottenga</LastName><ForeName>J-J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lubke</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boomsma</LastName><ForeName>D I</ForeName><Initials>DI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>N G</ForeName><Initials>NG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hatemi</LastName><ForeName>P K</ForeName><Initials>PK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Political Science, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Medland</LastName><ForeName>S E</ForeName><Initials>SE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hinds</LastName><ForeName>D A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bourgeron</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baron-Cohen</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CLASS Clinic, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridgeshire, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R44 HG006981</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Mol Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9607835</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1359-4184</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Psychol Aging. 2009 Jun;24(2):338-48</RefSource><PMID 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PubStatus="revised"><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28584286</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">mp2017122</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/mp.2017.122</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5656177</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">EMS73358</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Californie</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Indiana</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Cambridge</li><li>Paris</li><li>University Park (Pennsylvanie)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Warrier, V" sort="Warrier, V" uniqKey="Warrier V" first="V" last="Warrier">V. Warrier</name></region><name sortKey="Baron Cohen, S" sort="Baron Cohen, S" uniqKey="Baron Cohen S" first="S" last="Baron-Cohen">S. Baron-Cohen</name><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, B" sort="Chakrabarti, B" uniqKey="Chakrabarti B" first="B" last="Chakrabarti">B. Chakrabarti</name><name sortKey="Khadake, J" sort="Khadake, J" uniqKey="Khadake J" first="J" last="Khadake">J. Khadake</name><name sortKey="Mawbey Adamson, E" sort="Mawbey Adamson, E" uniqKey="Mawbey Adamson E" first="E" last="Mawbey-Adamson">E. Mawbey-Adamson</name><name sortKey="Smith, P" sort="Smith, P" uniqKey="Smith P" first="P" last="Smith">P. Smith</name><name sortKey="Uzefovsky, F" sort="Uzefovsky, F" uniqKey="Uzefovsky F" first="F" last="Uzefovsky">F. Uzefovsky</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grasby, K L" sort="Grasby, K L" uniqKey="Grasby K" first="K L" last="Grasby">K L Grasby</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Martin, N G" sort="Martin, N G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="N G" last="Martin">N G Martin</name><name sortKey="Medland, S E" sort="Medland, S E" uniqKey="Medland S" first="S E" last="Medland">S E Medland</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Toro, R" sort="Toro, R" uniqKey="Toro R" first="R" last="Toro">R. Toro</name></region><name sortKey="Bourgeron, T" sort="Bourgeron, T" uniqKey="Bourgeron T" first="T" last="Bourgeron">T. Bourgeron</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Litterman, N" sort="Litterman, N" uniqKey="Litterman N" first="N" last="Litterman">N. 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