Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch in Papilio dardanus
Identifieur interne : 002B40 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002B39; suivant : 002B41Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch in Papilio dardanus
Auteurs : Martijn J. T. N. Timmermans [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon W. Baxter [Royaume-Uni] ; Rebecca Clark [Royaume-Uni] ; David G. Heckel [Allemagne] ; Heiko Vogel [Allemagne] ; Steve Collins [Kenya] ; Alexie Papanicolaou [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Iva Fukova [Royaume-Uni] ; Mathieu Joron [France] ; Martin J. Thompson [Royaume-Uni] ; Chris D. Jiggins [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard H. Ffrench-Constant [Royaume-Uni] ; Alfried P. Vogler [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences [ 0962-8452 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The African Mocker Swallowtail,
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0465
PubMed: 24920480
PubMed Central: 4071540
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,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
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,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Baxter, Simon W" sort="Baxter, Simon W" uniqKey="Baxter S" first="Simon W." last="Baxter">Simon W. Baxter</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Clark, Rebecca" sort="Clark, Rebecca" uniqKey="Clark R" first="Rebecca" last="Clark">Rebecca Clark</name>
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,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Heckel, David G" sort="Heckel, David G" uniqKey="Heckel D" first="David G." last="Heckel">David G. Heckel</name>
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,<addr-line>Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745</addr-line>
,<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Vogel, Heiko" sort="Vogel, Heiko" uniqKey="Vogel H" first="Heiko" last="Vogel">Heiko Vogel</name>
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,<addr-line>Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745</addr-line>
,<country>Germany</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Collins, Steve" sort="Collins, Steve" uniqKey="Collins S" first="Steve" last="Collins">Steve Collins</name>
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,<addr-line>0800 Westlands, Nairobi 14308</addr-line>
,<country>Kenya</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Papanicolaou, Alexie" sort="Papanicolaou, Alexie" uniqKey="Papanicolaou A" first="Alexie" last="Papanicolaou">Alexie Papanicolaou</name>
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,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
,<addr-line>Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra 2601</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Fukova, Iva" sort="Fukova, Iva" uniqKey="Fukova I" first="Iva" last="Fukova">Iva Fukova</name>
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,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Joron, Mathieu" sort="Joron, Mathieu" uniqKey="Joron M" first="Mathieu" last="Joron">Mathieu Joron</name>
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,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Martin J" sort="Thompson, Martin J" uniqKey="Thompson M" first="Martin J." last="Thompson">Martin J. Thompson</name>
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,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Jiggins, Chris D" sort="Jiggins, Chris D" uniqKey="Jiggins C" first="Chris D." last="Jiggins">Chris D. Jiggins</name>
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,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" sort="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" uniqKey="Ffrench Constant R" first="Richard H." last="Ffrench-Constant">Richard H. Ffrench-Constant</name>
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,<country>UK</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Vogler, Alfried P" sort="Vogler, Alfried P" uniqKey="Vogler A" first="Alfried P." last="Vogler">Alfried P. Vogler</name>
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,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>
,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch in <italic>Papilio dardanus</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Timmermans, Martijn J T N" sort="Timmermans, Martijn J T N" uniqKey="Timmermans M" first="Martijn J. T. N." last="Timmermans">Martijn J. T. N. Timmermans</name>
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,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
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,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Baxter, Simon W" sort="Baxter, Simon W" uniqKey="Baxter S" first="Simon W." last="Baxter">Simon W. Baxter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Clark, Rebecca" sort="Clark, Rebecca" uniqKey="Clark R" first="Rebecca" last="Clark">Rebecca Clark</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Life Science</addr-line>
,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>
,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Heckel, David G" sort="Heckel, David G" uniqKey="Heckel D" first="David G." last="Heckel">David G. Heckel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology</institution>
,<addr-line>Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745</addr-line>
,<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogel, Heiko" sort="Vogel, Heiko" uniqKey="Vogel H" first="Heiko" last="Vogel">Heiko Vogel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology</institution>
,<addr-line>Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745</addr-line>
,<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, Steve" sort="Collins, Steve" uniqKey="Collins S" first="Steve" last="Collins">Steve Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><institution>African Butterfly Research Institute</institution>
,<addr-line>0800 Westlands, Nairobi 14308</addr-line>
,<country>Kenya</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Papanicolaou, Alexie" sort="Papanicolaou, Alexie" uniqKey="Papanicolaou A" first="Alexie" last="Papanicolaou">Alexie Papanicolaou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>School of Biosciences</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
,<addr-line>Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra 2601</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fukova, Iva" sort="Fukova, Iva" uniqKey="Fukova I" first="Iva" last="Fukova">Iva Fukova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>School of Biosciences</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joron, Mathieu" sort="Joron, Mathieu" uniqKey="Joron M" first="Mathieu" last="Joron">Mathieu Joron</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8"><institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
,<addr-line>CNRS UMR 7205, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, Paris 75005</addr-line>
,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Martin J" sort="Thompson, Martin J" uniqKey="Thompson M" first="Martin J." last="Thompson">Martin J. Thompson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Life Science</addr-line>
,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiggins, Chris D" sort="Jiggins, Chris D" uniqKey="Jiggins C" first="Chris D." last="Jiggins">Chris D. Jiggins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" sort="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" uniqKey="Ffrench Constant R" first="Richard H." last="Ffrench-Constant">Richard H. Ffrench-Constant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>School of Biosciences</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogler, Alfried P" sort="Vogler, Alfried P" uniqKey="Vogler A" first="Alfried P." last="Vogler">Alfried P. Vogler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Life Science</addr-line>
,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>
,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0962-8452</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The African Mocker Swallowtail, <italic>Papilio dardanus</italic>
, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics. Classical breeding experiments have shown that wing pattern variation in this polymorphic Batesian mimic is determined by the polyallelic <italic>H</italic>
locus that controls a set of distinct mimetic phenotypes. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, recombination analyses and comparative genomics, we show that <italic>H</italic>
co-segregates with an interval of less than 500 kb that is collinear with two other Lepidoptera genomes and contains 24 genes, including the transcription factor genes <italic>engrailed</italic>
(<italic>en</italic>
) and <italic>invected</italic>
(<italic>inv</italic>
). <italic>H</italic>
is located in a region of conserved gene order, which argues against any role for genomic translocations in the evolution of a hypothesized multi-gene mimicry locus. Natural populations of <italic>P. dardanus</italic>
show significant associations of specific morphs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), centred on <italic>en</italic>
. In addition, SNP variation in the <italic>H</italic>
region reveals evidence of non-neutral molecular evolution in the <italic>en</italic>
gene alone. We find evidence for a duplication potentially driving physical constraints on recombination in the <italic>lamborni</italic>
morph. Absence of perfect linkage disequilibrium between different genes in the other morphs suggests that <italic>H</italic>
is limited to nucleotide positions in the regulatory and coding regions of <italic>en</italic>
. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that a single gene underlies wing pattern variation in <italic>P. dardanus</italic>
.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bates, Hw" uniqKey="Bates H">HW Bates</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jrg" uniqKey="Turner J">JRG Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kearney, Ep" uniqKey="Kearney E">EP Kearney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Exton, Ls" uniqKey="Exton L">LS Exton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Ra" uniqKey="Fisher R">RA Fisher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kunte, K" uniqKey="Kunte K">K Kunte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trimen, R" uniqKey="Trimen R">R Trimen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Mj" uniqKey="Thompson M">MJ Thompson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Timmermans, Mjtn" uniqKey="Timmermans M">MJTN Timmermans</name>
</author>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Biol Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Biol. Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RSPB</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">royprsb</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0962-8452</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2954</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>The Royal Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24920480</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4071540</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2014.0465</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">rspb20140465</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>1001</subject>
<subject>197</subject>
<subject>70</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch in <italic>Papilio dardanus</italic>
</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short">The mimicry switch in Papilio dardanus</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Timmermans</surname>
<given-names>Martijn J. T. N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baxter</surname>
<given-names>Simon W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heckel</surname>
<given-names>David G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vogel</surname>
<given-names>Heiko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>Steve</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Papanicolaou</surname>
<given-names>Alexie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fukova</surname>
<given-names>Iva</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joron</surname>
<given-names>Mathieu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>Martin J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>Chris D.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ffrench-Constant</surname>
<given-names>Richard H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vogler</surname>
<given-names>Alfried P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Life Science</addr-line>
,<institution>Natural History Museum London</institution>
,<addr-line>London SW7 5BD</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Life Sciences</addr-line>
,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>
,<addr-line>South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
,<addr-line>Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af4"><label>4</label>
<institution>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology</institution>
,<addr-line>Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745</addr-line>
,<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af5"><label>5</label>
<institution>African Butterfly Research Institute</institution>
,<addr-line>0800 Westlands, Nairobi 14308</addr-line>
,<country>Kenya</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>School of Biosciences</addr-line>
,<institution>University of Exeter</institution>
,<addr-line>Cornwall Campus, Daphne du Maurier Building, Penryn TR10 9EZ</addr-line>
,<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af7"><label>7</label>
<institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
,<addr-line>Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra 2601</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="af8"><label>8</label>
<institution>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</institution>
,<addr-line>CNRS UMR 7205, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, Paris 75005</addr-line>
,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">e-mail: <email>m.timmermans@imperial.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>22</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>281</volume>
<issue>1787</issue>
<elocation-id>20140465</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement></copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>© 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="rspb20140465.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The African Mocker Swallowtail, <italic>Papilio dardanus</italic>
, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics. Classical breeding experiments have shown that wing pattern variation in this polymorphic Batesian mimic is determined by the polyallelic <italic>H</italic>
locus that controls a set of distinct mimetic phenotypes. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, recombination analyses and comparative genomics, we show that <italic>H</italic>
co-segregates with an interval of less than 500 kb that is collinear with two other Lepidoptera genomes and contains 24 genes, including the transcription factor genes <italic>engrailed</italic>
(<italic>en</italic>
) and <italic>invected</italic>
(<italic>inv</italic>
). <italic>H</italic>
is located in a region of conserved gene order, which argues against any role for genomic translocations in the evolution of a hypothesized multi-gene mimicry locus. Natural populations of <italic>P. dardanus</italic>
show significant associations of specific morphs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), centred on <italic>en</italic>
. In addition, SNP variation in the <italic>H</italic>
region reveals evidence of non-neutral molecular evolution in the <italic>en</italic>
gene alone. We find evidence for a duplication potentially driving physical constraints on recombination in the <italic>lamborni</italic>
morph. Absence of perfect linkage disequilibrium between different genes in the other morphs suggests that <italic>H</italic>
is limited to nucleotide positions in the regulatory and coding regions of <italic>en</italic>
. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that a single gene underlies wing pattern variation in <italic>P. dardanus</italic>
.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Batesian mimicry</kwd>
<kwd>polymorphism</kwd>
<kwd>Lepidoptera</kwd>
<kwd>supergene</kwd>
<kwd>genotype–phenotype associations</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>cover-date</meta-name>
<meta-value>July 22, 2014</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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