Stakeholder perceptions of communication about vaccination in two regions of Cameroon: A qualitative case study
Identifieur interne : 002842 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002841; suivant : 002843Stakeholder perceptions of communication about vaccination in two regions of Cameroon: A qualitative case study
Auteurs : Heather Ames [Norvège] ; Diangha Mabel Njang [Cameroun] ; Claire Glenton [Norvège] ; Atle Fretheim [Norvège] ; Jessica Kaufman [Australie] ; Sophie Hill [Australie] ; Afiong Oku [Nigeria] ; Julie Cliff [Mozambique] ; Yuri Cartier [France] ; Xavier Bosch-Capblanch [Suisse] ; Gabriel Rada [Chili] ; Artur Manuel Muloliwa ; Angela Oyo-Ita [Nigeria] ; Awah Paschal Kum [Cameroun] ; Simon Lewin [Norvège, Afrique du Sud]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Understanding stakeholders’ (parents’, communities’ and health workers’) perspectives of communication about childhood vaccination, including their preferences for its format, delivery and content, is an important step towards designing better communication strategies and ensuring more informed parents. Our objectives were to explore stakeholders’ views, experiences and preferences for childhood vaccination communication in Cameroon.
In 2014, in the Central and North West Regions of Cameron, we gathered qualitative data for our case study using the following methods: semi structured interviews; observations and informal conversations during routine immunization clinics and three rounds of the National Polio Immunization Campaign; document analysis of reports and mass media communications about vaccination; and a survey of parents. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to identify themes relating to views, experiences and perceptions of vaccination information and its delivery. Survey data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.
All of the parents interviewed felt that vaccinating their child was important, and trusted the information provided by health workers. However, many parents wanted more information. Parents did not always feel that they could ask questions during vaccination appointments. All participants felt that health workers and vaccination clinics were important sources of information. Social mobilisation activities such as door-to-door visits and announcements during religious services were important and accepted ways of communicating information, especially during vaccination campaigns. Information communicated through mass media and text messages was also seen as important. In general, stakeholders believed that more consistent messaging about routine vaccination through community channels would be helpful to remind parents of the importance of routine vaccination during ongoing rounds of vaccination campaigns against polio.
This study confirms that parents regard information about childhood vaccination as important, but that health services need to be organized in ways that prioritize and facilitate communication, particularly about routine vaccination.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183721
PubMed: 28859101
PubMed Central: 5578665
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Atle Fretheim<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">0318 Oslo Norway</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Direcção Provincial de Saúde de Nampula, Departamento de Saúde, Nampula-Moçambique</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Nampula-Moçambique</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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id="aff008"><addr-line>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rada, Gabriel" sort="Rada, Gabriel" uniqKey="Rada G" first="Gabriel" last="Rada">Gabriel Rada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Evidence-based Healthcare Programme, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Evidence-based Healthcare Programme, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muloliwa, Artur Manuel" sort="Muloliwa, Artur Manuel" uniqKey="Muloliwa A" first="Artur Manuel" last="Muloliwa">Artur Manuel Muloliwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Direcção Provincial de Saúde de Nampula, Departamento de Saúde, Nampula-Moçambique</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Nampula-Moçambique</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oyo Ita, Angela" sort="Oyo Ita, Angela" uniqKey="Oyo Ita A" first="Angela" last="Oyo-Ita">Angela Oyo-Ita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kum, Awah Paschal" sort="Kum, Awah Paschal" uniqKey="Kum A" first="Awah Paschal" last="Kum">Awah Paschal Kum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewin, Simon" sort="Lewin, Simon" uniqKey="Lewin S" first="Simon" last="Lewin">Simon Lewin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28859101</idno><idno type="pmc">5578665</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578665</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5578665</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0183721</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002992</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002992</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002842</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002842</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Stakeholder perceptions of communication about vaccination in two regions of Cameroon: A qualitative case study</title><author><name sortKey="Ames, Heather" sort="Ames, Heather" uniqKey="Ames H" first="Heather" last="Ames">Heather Ames</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njang, Diangha Mabel" sort="Njang, Diangha Mabel" uniqKey="Njang D" first="Diangha Mabel" last="Njang">Diangha Mabel Njang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glenton, Claire" sort="Glenton, Claire" uniqKey="Glenton C" first="Claire" last="Glenton">Claire Glenton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fretheim, Atle" sort="Fretheim, Atle" uniqKey="Fretheim A" first="Atle" last="Fretheim">Atle Fretheim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">0318 Oslo Norway</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaufman, Jessica" sort="Kaufman, Jessica" uniqKey="Kaufman J" first="Jessica" last="Kaufman">Jessica Kaufman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Sophie" sort="Hill, Sophie" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Sophie" last="Hill">Sophie Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oku, Afiong" sort="Oku, Afiong" uniqKey="Oku A" first="Afiong" last="Oku">Afiong Oku</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cliff, Julie" sort="Cliff, Julie" uniqKey="Cliff J" first="Julie" last="Cliff">Julie Cliff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cartier, Yuri" sort="Cartier, Yuri" uniqKey="Cartier Y" first="Yuri" last="Cartier">Yuri Cartier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>International Union for Health Promotion and Education, Cedex, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>International Union for Health Promotion and Education, Cedex</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bosch Capblanch, Xavier" sort="Bosch Capblanch, Xavier" uniqKey="Bosch Capblanch X" first="Xavier" last="Bosch-Capblanch">Xavier Bosch-Capblanch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rada, Gabriel" sort="Rada, Gabriel" uniqKey="Rada G" first="Gabriel" last="Rada">Gabriel Rada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Evidence-based Healthcare Programme, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Evidence-based Healthcare Programme, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muloliwa, Artur Manuel" sort="Muloliwa, Artur Manuel" uniqKey="Muloliwa A" first="Artur Manuel" last="Muloliwa">Artur Manuel Muloliwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Direcção Provincial de Saúde de Nampula, Departamento de Saúde, Nampula-Moçambique</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Nampula-Moçambique</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oyo Ita, Angela" sort="Oyo Ita, Angela" uniqKey="Oyo Ita A" first="Angela" last="Oyo-Ita">Angela Oyo-Ita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kum, Awah Paschal" sort="Kum, Awah Paschal" uniqKey="Kum A" first="Awah Paschal" last="Kum">Awah Paschal Kum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewin, Simon" sort="Lewin, Simon" uniqKey="Lewin S" first="Simon" last="Lewin">Simon Lewin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Understanding stakeholders’ (parents’, communities’ and health workers’) perspectives of communication about childhood vaccination, including their preferences for its format, delivery and content, is an important step towards designing better communication strategies and ensuring more informed parents. Our objectives were to explore stakeholders’ views, experiences and preferences for childhood vaccination communication in Cameroon.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>In 2014, in the Central and North West Regions of Cameron, we gathered qualitative data for our case study using the following methods: semi structured interviews; observations and informal conversations during routine immunization clinics and three rounds of the National Polio Immunization Campaign; document analysis of reports and mass media communications about vaccination; and a survey of parents. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to identify themes relating to views, experiences and perceptions of vaccination information and its delivery. Survey data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>All of the parents interviewed felt that vaccinating their child was important, and trusted the information provided by health workers. However, many parents wanted more information. Parents did not always feel that they could ask questions during vaccination appointments. All participants felt that health workers and vaccination clinics were important sources of information. Social mobilisation activities such as door-to-door visits and announcements during religious services were important and accepted ways of communicating information, especially during vaccination campaigns. Information communicated through mass media and text messages was also seen as important. In general, stakeholders believed that more consistent messaging about routine vaccination through community channels would be helpful to remind parents of the importance of routine vaccination during ongoing rounds of vaccination campaigns against polio.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study confirms that parents regard information about childhood vaccination as important, but that health services need to be organized in ways that prioritize and facilitate communication, particularly about routine vaccination.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, S" uniqKey="Hill S">S Hill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mu Oz, Dc" uniqKey="Mu Oz D">DC Muñoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Llamas, Lm" uniqKey="Llamas L">LM Llamas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bosch Capblanch, X" uniqKey="Bosch Capblanch X">X Bosch-Capblanch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Casiday, R" uniqKey="Casiday R">R Casiday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cresswell, T" uniqKey="Cresswell T">T Cresswell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, D" uniqKey="Wilson D">D Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panter Brick, C" uniqKey="Panter Brick C">C Panter-Brick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hadjikoumi, I" uniqKey="Hadjikoumi I">I Hadjikoumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niekerk, K" uniqKey="Niekerk K">K Niekerk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, C" uniqKey="Scott C">C Scott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mills, E" uniqKey="Mills E">E Mills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jadad, Ar" uniqKey="Jadad A">AR Jadad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, C" uniqKey="Ross C">C Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, K" uniqKey="Wilson K">K Wilson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pearce, A" uniqKey="Pearce A">A Pearce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Law, C" uniqKey="Law C">C Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elliman, D" uniqKey="Elliman D">D Elliman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, Tj" uniqKey="Cole T">TJ Cole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bedford, H" uniqKey="Bedford H">H Bedford</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Ja" uniqKey="Taylor J">JA Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darden, Pm" uniqKey="Darden P">PM Darden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Da" uniqKey="Brooks D">DA Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hendricks, J" uniqKey="Hendricks J">J Hendricks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wasserman, Rc" uniqKey="Wasserman R">RC Wasserman</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28859101</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5578665</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0183721</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-50648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Preventive Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Disease Control</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subj-group><subject>Child Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Child Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sociology</subject><subj-group><subject>Communications</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Care</subject><subj-group><subject>Communication in Health Care</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Poliomyelitis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sociology</subject><subj-group><subject>Communications</subject><subj-group><subject>Social Communication</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Geographical Locations</subject><subj-group><subject>Africa</subject><subj-group><subject>Cameroon</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Stakeholder perceptions of communication about vaccination in two regions of Cameroon: A qualitative case study</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Perceptions of communication about vaccination in two regions of Cameroon: A qualitative case study</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-7160</contrib-id><name><surname>Ames</surname><given-names>Heather</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Data curation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding acquisition</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Project administration</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – original draft</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Njang</surname><given-names>Diangha Mabel</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Data curation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Project administration</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glenton</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Data curation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – original draft</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fretheim</surname><given-names>Atle</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaufman</surname><given-names>Jessica</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hill</surname><given-names>Sophie</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oku</surname><given-names>Afiong</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cliff</surname><given-names>Julie</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cartier</surname><given-names>Yuri</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bosch-Capblanch</surname><given-names>Xavier</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rada</surname><given-names>Gabriel</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muloliwa</surname><given-names>Artur Manuel</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oyo-Ita</surname><given-names>Angela</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kum</surname><given-names>Awah Paschal</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding acquisition</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Project administration</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lewin</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding acquisition</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Project administration</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Global Health Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Central Province, Cameroon</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>University of Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff007"><label>7</label><addr-line>International Union for Health Promotion and Education, Cedex, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff008"><label>8</label><addr-line>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff009"><label>9</label><addr-line>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff010"><label>10</label><addr-line>Evidence-based Healthcare Programme, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff011"><label>11</label><addr-line>Direcção Provincial de Saúde de Nampula, Departamento de Saúde, Nampula-Moçambique</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff012"><label>12</label><addr-line>Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Grce</surname><given-names>Magdalena</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Rudjer Boskovic Institute, CROATIA</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>heather.melanie.ames@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>8</issue><elocation-id>e0183721</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>9</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Ames et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Ames et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0183721.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Understanding stakeholders’ (parents’, communities’ and health workers’) perspectives of communication about childhood vaccination, including their preferences for its format, delivery and content, is an important step towards designing better communication strategies and ensuring more informed parents. Our objectives were to explore stakeholders’ views, experiences and preferences for childhood vaccination communication in Cameroon.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>In 2014, in the Central and North West Regions of Cameron, we gathered qualitative data for our case study using the following methods: semi structured interviews; observations and informal conversations during routine immunization clinics and three rounds of the National Polio Immunization Campaign; document analysis of reports and mass media communications about vaccination; and a survey of parents. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to identify themes relating to views, experiences and perceptions of vaccination information and its delivery. Survey data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>All of the parents interviewed felt that vaccinating their child was important, and trusted the information provided by health workers. However, many parents wanted more information. Parents did not always feel that they could ask questions during vaccination appointments. All participants felt that health workers and vaccination clinics were important sources of information. Social mobilisation activities such as door-to-door visits and announcements during religious services were important and accepted ways of communicating information, especially during vaccination campaigns. Information communicated through mass media and text messages was also seen as important. In general, stakeholders believed that more consistent messaging about routine vaccination through community channels would be helpful to remind parents of the importance of routine vaccination during ongoing rounds of vaccination campaigns against polio.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study confirms that parents regard information about childhood vaccination as important, but that health services need to be organized in ways that prioritize and facilitate communication, particularly about routine vaccination.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution>The Research Council of Norway</institution></funding-source><award-id>220873</award-id><principal-award-recipient><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-7160</contrib-id><name><surname>Ames</surname><given-names>Heather</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><funding-statement>The Research Council of Norway (Project 220873) funds the Communicate to Vaccinate 2 project. SL receives additional funding from the South African Medical Research Council.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="2"></table-count><page-count count="23"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data than are able to be displayed publicly are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. For Access to the interview transcripts please contact the lead Author directly. These may not be shared publicly due to the restrictions of confidentiality agreed to With the participants in the informed consent forms. The same applies for observations conducted in hospital settings. The authors confirm that these restricted data are not required to replicate this study in full.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data than are able to be displayed publicly are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. For Access to the interview transcripts please contact the lead Author directly. These may not be shared publicly due to the restrictions of confidentiality agreed to With the participants in the informed consent forms. The same applies for observations conducted in hospital settings. The authors confirm that these restricted data are not required to replicate this study in full.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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