Identification and characterization of two families of F420H2-dependent reductases from Mycobacteria that catalyse aflatoxin degradation
Identifieur interne : 002620 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002619; suivant : 002621Identification and characterization of two families of F420H2-dependent reductases from Mycobacteria that catalyse aflatoxin degradation
Auteurs : Matthew C. Taylor [Australie] ; Colin J. Jackson [Australie, France] ; David B. Tattersall [Australie] ; Nigel French [Australie] ; Thomas S. Peat [Australie] ; Janet Newman [Australie] ; Lyndall J. Briggs [Australie] ; Gauri V. Lapalikar [Australie] ; Peter M. Campbell [Australie] ; Colin Scott [Australie] ; Robyn J. Russell [Australie] ; John G. Oakeshott [Australie]Source :
- Molecular Microbiology [ 0950-382X ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Aflatoxins are polyaromatic mycotoxins that contaminate a range of food crops as a result of fungal growth and contribute to serious health problems in the developing world because of their toxicity and mutagenicity. Although relatively resistant to biotic degradation, aflatoxins can be metabolized by certain species of
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07356.x
PubMed: 20807200
PubMed Central: 3034190
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002770
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3034190Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Identification and characterization of two families of F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
-dependent reductases from <italic>Mycobacteria</italic>
that catalyse aflatoxin degradation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Matthew C" sort="Taylor, Matthew C" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Matthew C" last="Taylor">Matthew C. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jackson, Colin J" sort="Jackson, Colin J" uniqKey="Jackson C" first="Colin J" last="Jackson">Colin J. Jackson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>Institute de Biologie Structurale</institution>
<addr-line>41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tattersall, David B" sort="Tattersall, David B" uniqKey="Tattersall D" first="David B" last="Tattersall">David B. Tattersall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="French, Nigel" sort="French, Nigel" uniqKey="French N" first="Nigel" last="French">Nigel French</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peat, Thomas S" sort="Peat, Thomas S" uniqKey="Peat T" first="Thomas S" last="Peat">Thomas S. Peat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies</institution>
<addr-line>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newman, Janet" sort="Newman, Janet" uniqKey="Newman J" first="Janet" last="Newman">Janet Newman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies</institution>
<addr-line>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Briggs, Lyndall J" sort="Briggs, Lyndall J" uniqKey="Briggs L" first="Lyndall J" last="Briggs">Lyndall J. Briggs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lapalikar, Gauri V" sort="Lapalikar, Gauri V" uniqKey="Lapalikar G" first="Gauri V" last="Lapalikar">Gauri V. Lapalikar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Peter M" sort="Campbell, Peter M" uniqKey="Campbell P" first="Peter M" last="Campbell">Peter M. Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Colin" sort="Scott, Colin" uniqKey="Scott C" first="Colin" last="Scott">Colin Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Robyn J" sort="Russell, Robyn J" uniqKey="Russell R" first="Robyn J" last="Russell">Robyn J. Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakeshott, John G" sort="Oakeshott, John G" uniqKey="Oakeshott J" first="John G" last="Oakeshott">John G. Oakeshott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">20807200</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3034190</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034190</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3034190</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07356.x</idno>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002770</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002770</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002620</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002620</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Identification and characterization of two families of F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
-dependent reductases from <italic>Mycobacteria</italic>
that catalyse aflatoxin degradation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Matthew C" sort="Taylor, Matthew C" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Matthew C" last="Taylor">Matthew C. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jackson, Colin J" sort="Jackson, Colin J" uniqKey="Jackson C" first="Colin J" last="Jackson">Colin J. Jackson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>Institute de Biologie Structurale</institution>
<addr-line>41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tattersall, David B" sort="Tattersall, David B" uniqKey="Tattersall D" first="David B" last="Tattersall">David B. Tattersall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="French, Nigel" sort="French, Nigel" uniqKey="French N" first="Nigel" last="French">Nigel French</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peat, Thomas S" sort="Peat, Thomas S" uniqKey="Peat T" first="Thomas S" last="Peat">Thomas S. Peat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies</institution>
<addr-line>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newman, Janet" sort="Newman, Janet" uniqKey="Newman J" first="Janet" last="Newman">Janet Newman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies</institution>
<addr-line>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Briggs, Lyndall J" sort="Briggs, Lyndall J" uniqKey="Briggs L" first="Lyndall J" last="Briggs">Lyndall J. Briggs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lapalikar, Gauri V" sort="Lapalikar, Gauri V" uniqKey="Lapalikar G" first="Gauri V" last="Lapalikar">Gauri V. Lapalikar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Peter M" sort="Campbell, Peter M" uniqKey="Campbell P" first="Peter M" last="Campbell">Peter M. Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Colin" sort="Scott, Colin" uniqKey="Scott C" first="Colin" last="Scott">Colin Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Robyn J" sort="Russell, Robyn J" uniqKey="Russell R" first="Robyn J" last="Russell">Robyn J. Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakeshott, John G" sort="Oakeshott, John G" uniqKey="Oakeshott J" first="John G" last="Oakeshott">John G. Oakeshott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Molecular Microbiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0950-382X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1365-2958</idno>
<imprint><date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Aflatoxins are polyaromatic mycotoxins that contaminate a range of food crops as a result of fungal growth and contribute to serious health problems in the developing world because of their toxicity and mutagenicity. Although relatively resistant to biotic degradation, aflatoxins can be metabolized by certain species of <italic>Actinomycetales</italic>
. However, the enzymatic basis for their breakdown has not been reported until now. We have identified nine <italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis</italic>
enzymes that utilize the deazaflavin cofactor F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
to catalyse the reduction of the α,β-unsaturated ester moiety of aflatoxins, activating the molecules for spontaneous hydrolysis and detoxification. These enzymes belong to two previously uncharacterized F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
dependent reductase (FDR-A and -B) families that are distantly related to the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) dependent pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate oxidases (PNPOxs). We have solved crystal structures of an enzyme from each FDR family and show that they, like the PNPOxs, adopt a split barrel protein fold, although the FDRs also possess an extended and highly charged F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
binding groove. A general role for these enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism is discussed, including the observation that the nitro-reductase Rv3547 from <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>
that is responsible for the activation of bicyclic nitroimidazole prodrugs belongs to the FDR-A family.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alberts, Jf" uniqKey="Alberts J">JF Alberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Engelbrecht, Y" uniqKey="Engelbrecht Y">Y Engelbrecht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steyn, Ps" uniqKey="Steyn P">PS Steyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holzapfel, Wh" uniqKey="Holzapfel W">WH Holzapfel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Zyl, Wh" uniqKey="Van Zyl W">WH van Zyl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bashiri, G" uniqKey="Bashiri G">G Bashiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Squire, Cj" uniqKey="Squire C">CJ Squire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreland, Nj" uniqKey="Moreland N">NJ Moreland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baker, En" uniqKey="Baker E">EN Baker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Biswal, Bk" uniqKey="Biswal B">BK Biswal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cherney, Mm" uniqKey="Cherney M">MM Cherney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, M" uniqKey="Wang M">M Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garen, C" uniqKey="Garen C">C Garen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="James, Mn" uniqKey="James M">MN James</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Biswal, Bk" uniqKey="Biswal B">BK Biswal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Au, K" uniqKey="Au K">K Au</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cherney, Mm" uniqKey="Cherney M">MM Cherney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garen, C" uniqKey="Garen C">C Garen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="James, Mn" uniqKey="James M">MN James</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Pm" uniqKey="Campbell P">PM Campbell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, At" uniqKey="Cao A">AT Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hines, Er" uniqKey="Hines E">ER Hines</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="East, Pd" uniqKey="East P">PD East</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gordon, Kh" uniqKey="Gordon K">KH Gordon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Canaan, S" uniqKey="Canaan S">S Canaan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sulzenbacher, G" uniqKey="Sulzenbacher G">G Sulzenbacher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roig Zamboni, V" uniqKey="Roig Zamboni V">V Roig-Zamboni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scappuccini Calvo, L" uniqKey="Scappuccini Calvo L">L Scappuccini-Calvo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frassinetti, F" uniqKey="Frassinetti F">F Frassinetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maurin, D" uniqKey="Maurin D">D Maurin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choi, Kp" uniqKey="Choi K">KP Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kendrick, N" uniqKey="Kendrick N">N Kendrick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chung, Jy" uniqKey="Chung J">JY Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fujii, I" uniqKey="Fujii I">I Fujii</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harada, S" uniqKey="Harada S">S Harada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sankawa, U" uniqKey="Sankawa U">U Sankawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ebizuka, Y" uniqKey="Ebizuka Y">Y Ebizuka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ciegler, A" uniqKey="Ciegler A">A Ciegler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lillehoj, Eb" uniqKey="Lillehoj E">EB Lillehoj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peterson, Re" uniqKey="Peterson R">RE Peterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, Hh" uniqKey="Hall H">HH Hall</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deppenmeier, U" uniqKey="Deppenmeier U">U Deppenmeier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Draper, Rd" uniqKey="Draper R">RD Draper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingraham, Ll" uniqKey="Ingraham L">LL Ingraham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ebert, S" uniqKey="Ebert S">S Ebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, P" uniqKey="Fischer P">P Fischer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knackmuss, Hj" uniqKey="Knackmuss H">HJ Knackmuss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Egmond, Hp" uniqKey="Van Egmond H">HP van Egmond</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schothorst, Rc" uniqKey="Schothorst R">RC Schothorst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonker, Ma" uniqKey="Jonker M">MA Jonker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Tarabily, Ka" uniqKey="El Tarabily K">KA El-Tarabily</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sivasithamparam, K" uniqKey="Sivasithamparam K">K Sivasithamparam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emsley, P" uniqKey="Emsley P">P Emsley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cowtan, K" uniqKey="Cowtan K">K Cowtan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Evans, P" uniqKey="Evans P">P Evans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldberg, M" uniqKey="Goldberg M">M Goldberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pecht, I" uniqKey="Pecht I">I Pecht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramer, He" uniqKey="Kramer H">HE Kramer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traber, R" uniqKey="Traber R">R Traber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemmerich, P" uniqKey="Hemmerich P">P Hemmerich</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graham, De" uniqKey="Graham D">DE Graham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Rh" uniqKey="White R">RH White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graham, De" uniqKey="Graham D">DE Graham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, H" uniqKey="Xu H">H Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Rh" uniqKey="White R">RH White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grant, Pg" uniqKey="Grant P">PG Grant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Td" uniqKey="Phillips T">TD Phillips</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graupner, M" uniqKey="Graupner M">M Graupner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Rh" uniqKey="White R">RH White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerra Lopez, D" uniqKey="Guerra Lopez D">D Guerra-Lopez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rawat, M" uniqKey="Rawat M">M Rawat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hasan, Mr" uniqKey="Hasan M">MR Hasan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, M" uniqKey="Rahman M">M Rahman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaques, S" uniqKey="Jaques S">S Jaques</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Purwantini, E" uniqKey="Purwantini E">E Purwantini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holm, L" uniqKey="Holm L">L Holm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaariainen, S" uniqKey="Kaariainen S">S Kaariainen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenstrom, P" uniqKey="Rosenstrom P">P Rosenstrom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schenkel, A" uniqKey="Schenkel A">A Schenkel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hormisch, D" uniqKey="Hormisch D">D Hormisch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brost, I" uniqKey="Brost I">I Brost</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohring, Gw" uniqKey="Kohring G">GW Kohring</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giffhorn, F" uniqKey="Giffhorn F">F Giffhorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroppenstedt, Rm" uniqKey="Kroppenstedt R">RM Kroppenstedt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stackebrandt, E" uniqKey="Stackebrandt E">E Stackebrandt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Horne, I" uniqKey="Horne I">I Horne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Td" uniqKey="Sutherland T">TD Sutherland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harcourt, Rl" uniqKey="Harcourt R">RL Harcourt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Rj" uniqKey="Russell R">RJ Russell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakeshott, Jg" uniqKey="Oakeshott J">JG Oakeshott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Horne, I" uniqKey="Horne I">I Horne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Td" uniqKey="Sutherland T">TD Sutherland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakeshott, Jg" uniqKey="Oakeshott J">JG Oakeshott</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Rj" uniqKey="Russell R">RJ Russell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Igawa, T" uniqKey="Igawa T">T Igawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takahashi Ando, N" uniqKey="Takahashi Ando N">N Takahashi-Ando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ochiai, N" uniqKey="Ochiai N">N Ochiai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohsato, S" uniqKey="Ohsato S">S Ohsato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimizu, T" uniqKey="Shimizu T">T Shimizu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kudo, T" uniqKey="Kudo T">T Kudo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Isabelle, D" uniqKey="Isabelle D">D Isabelle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simpson, Dr" uniqKey="Simpson D">DR Simpson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Cj" uniqKey="Jackson C">CJ Jackson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mc" uniqKey="Taylor M">MC Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tattersall, Db" uniqKey="Tattersall D">DB Tattersall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="French, Ng" uniqKey="French N">NG French</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carr, Pd" uniqKey="Carr P">PD Carr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ollis, Dl" uniqKey="Ollis D">DL Ollis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobson, F" uniqKey="Jacobson F">F Jacobson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walsh, C" uniqKey="Walsh C">C Walsh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Ef" uniqKey="Johnson E">EF Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukhopadhyay, B" uniqKey="Mukhopadhyay B">B Mukhopadhyay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kelley, La" uniqKey="Kelley L">LA Kelley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sternberg, Mj" uniqKey="Sternberg M">MJ Sternberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ls" uniqKey="Lee L">LS Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunn, Jj" uniqKey="Dunn J">JJ Dunn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delucca, Aj" uniqKey="Delucca A">AJ DeLucca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ciegler, A" uniqKey="Ciegler A">A Ciegler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leslie, Ag" uniqKey="Leslie A">AG Leslie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manjunatha, Uh" uniqKey="Manjunatha U">UH Manjunatha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boshoff, H" uniqKey="Boshoff H">H Boshoff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowd, Cs" uniqKey="Dowd C">CS Dowd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albert, Tj" uniqKey="Albert T">TJ Albert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norton, Je" uniqKey="Norton J">JE Norton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marchler Bauer, A" uniqKey="Marchler Bauer A">A Marchler-Bauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Jb" uniqKey="Anderson J">JB Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derbyshire, Mk" uniqKey="Derbyshire M">MK Derbyshire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deweese Scott, C" uniqKey="Deweese Scott C">C DeWeese-Scott</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzales, Nr" uniqKey="Gonzales N">NR Gonzales</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gwadz, M" uniqKey="Gwadz M">M Gwadz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, Cd" uniqKey="Miller C">CD Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, K" uniqKey="Hall K">K Hall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Yn" uniqKey="Liang Y">YN Liang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nieman, K" uniqKey="Nieman K">K Nieman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorensen, D" uniqKey="Sorensen D">D Sorensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Issa, B" uniqKey="Issa B">B Issa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mishra, Hn" uniqKey="Mishra H">HN Mishra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Das, C" uniqKey="Das C">C Das</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murshudov, Gn" uniqKey="Murshudov G">GN Murshudov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vagin, Aa" uniqKey="Vagin A">AA Vagin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dodson, Ej" uniqKey="Dodson E">EJ Dodson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakano, T" uniqKey="Nakano T">T Nakano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyake, K" uniqKey="Miyake K">K Miyake</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Endo, H" uniqKey="Endo H">H Endo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dairi, T" uniqKey="Dairi T">T Dairi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mizukami, T" uniqKey="Mizukami T">T Mizukami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katsumata, R" uniqKey="Katsumata R">R Katsumata</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Notheis, C" uniqKey="Notheis C">C Notheis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drewke, C" uniqKey="Drewke C">C Drewke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leistner, E" uniqKey="Leistner E">E Leistner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohsato, S" uniqKey="Ohsato S">S Ohsato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ochiai Fukuda, T" uniqKey="Ochiai Fukuda T">T Ochiai-Fukuda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nishiuchi, T" uniqKey="Nishiuchi T">T Nishiuchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takahashi Ando, N" uniqKey="Takahashi Ando N">N Takahashi-Ando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koizumi, S" uniqKey="Koizumi S">S Koizumi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamamoto, H" uniqKey="Hamamoto H">H Hamamoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perrakis, A" uniqKey="Perrakis A">A Perrakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harkiolaki, M" uniqKey="Harkiolaki M">M Harkiolaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, Ks" uniqKey="Wilson K">KS Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamzin, Vs" uniqKey="Lamzin V">VS Lamzin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peterson, Jd" uniqKey="Peterson J">JD Peterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umayam, La" uniqKey="Umayam L">LA Umayam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dickinson, T" uniqKey="Dickinson T">T Dickinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hickey, Ek" uniqKey="Hickey E">EK Hickey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, O" uniqKey="White O">O White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pogell, Bm" uniqKey="Pogell B">BM Pogell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purwantini, E" uniqKey="Purwantini E">E Purwantini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purwantini, E" uniqKey="Purwantini E">E Purwantini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purwantini, E" uniqKey="Purwantini E">E Purwantini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillis, Tp" uniqKey="Gillis T">TP Gillis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, L" uniqKey="Daniels L">L Daniels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Safo, Mk" uniqKey="Safo M">MK Safo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musayev, Fn" uniqKey="Musayev F">FN Musayev</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schirch, V" uniqKey="Schirch V">V Schirch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Salvo, M" uniqKey="Di Salvo M">M di Salvo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, E" uniqKey="Yang E">E Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winkler, Me" uniqKey="Winkler M">ME Winkler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schirch, V" uniqKey="Schirch V">V Schirch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Salvo, Ml" uniqKey="Di Salvo M">ML di Salvo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ko, Tp" uniqKey="Ko T">TP Ko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musayev, Fn" uniqKey="Musayev F">FN Musayev</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raboni, S" uniqKey="Raboni S">S Raboni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schirch, V" uniqKey="Schirch V">V Schirch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Safo, Mk" uniqKey="Safo M">MK Safo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Salvo, Ml" uniqKey="Di Salvo M">ML di Salvo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Safo, Mk" uniqKey="Safo M">MK Safo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musayev, Fn" uniqKey="Musayev F">FN Musayev</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bossa, F" uniqKey="Bossa F">F Bossa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schirch, V" uniqKey="Schirch V">V Schirch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Tr" uniqKey="Schneider T">TR Schneider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheldrick, Gm" uniqKey="Sheldrick G">GM Sheldrick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schrey, Sd" uniqKey="Schrey S">SD Schrey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarkka, Mt" uniqKey="Tarkka M">MT Tarkka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R">R Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manjunatha, U" uniqKey="Manjunatha U">U Manjunatha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boshoff, Hi" uniqKey="Boshoff H">HI Boshoff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ha, Yh" uniqKey="Ha Y">YH Ha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niyomrattanakit, P" uniqKey="Niyomrattanakit P">P Niyomrattanakit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ledwidge, R" uniqKey="Ledwidge R">R Ledwidge</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smiley, Rd" uniqKey="Smiley R">RD Smiley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Draughon, Fa" uniqKey="Draughon F">FA Draughon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stavri, M" uniqKey="Stavri M">M Stavri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gibbons, S" uniqKey="Gibbons S">S Gibbons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Td" uniqKey="Sutherland T">TD Sutherland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horne, I" uniqKey="Horne I">I Horne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harcourt, Rl" uniqKey="Harcourt R">RL Harcourt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Rj" uniqKey="Russell R">RJ Russell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakeshott, Jg" uniqKey="Oakeshott J">JG Oakeshott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K Tamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudley, J" uniqKey="Dudley J">J Dudley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nei, M" uniqKey="Nei M">M Nei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taverniers, I" uniqKey="Taverniers I">I Taverniers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Papazova, N" uniqKey="Papazova N">N Papazova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertheau, Y" uniqKey="Bertheau Y">Y Bertheau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Loose, M" uniqKey="De Loose M">M De Loose</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holst Jensen, A" uniqKey="Holst Jensen A">A Holst-Jensen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tejada Castaneda, Zi" uniqKey="Tejada Castaneda Z">ZI Tejada-Castaneda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avila Gonzalez, E" uniqKey="Avila Gonzalez E">E Avila-Gonzalez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casaubon Huguenin, Mt" uniqKey="Casaubon Huguenin M">MT Casaubon-Huguenin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cervantes Olivares, Ra" uniqKey="Cervantes Olivares R">RA Cervantes-Olivares</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasquez Pelaez, C" uniqKey="Vasquez Pelaez C">C Vasquez-Pelaez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hernandez Baumgarten, Em" uniqKey="Hernandez Baumgarten E">EM Hernandez-Baumgarten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno Martinez, E" uniqKey="Moreno Martinez E">E Moreno-Martinez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teniola, Od" uniqKey="Teniola O">OD Teniola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addo, Pa" uniqKey="Addo P">PA Addo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brost, Im" uniqKey="Brost I">IM Brost</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farber, P" uniqKey="Farber P">P Farber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jany, Kd" uniqKey="Jany K">KD Jany</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alberts, Jf" uniqKey="Alberts J">JF Alberts</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Voss, Nr" uniqKey="Voss N">NR Voss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerstein, M" uniqKey="Gerstein M">M Gerstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wada, H" uniqKey="Wada H">H Wada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snell, Ee" uniqKey="Snell E">EE Snell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wagacha, Jm" uniqKey="Wagacha J">JM Wagacha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muthomi, Jw" uniqKey="Muthomi J">JW Muthomi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Whitbread, Ak" uniqKey="Whitbread A">AK Whitbread</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Masoumi, A" uniqKey="Masoumi A">A Masoumi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tetlow, N" uniqKey="Tetlow N">N Tetlow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmuck, E" uniqKey="Schmuck E">E Schmuck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coggan, M" uniqKey="Coggan M">M Coggan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Board, Pg" uniqKey="Board P">PG Board</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Willumsen, Pa" uniqKey="Willumsen P">PA Willumsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Jk" uniqKey="Nielsen J">JK Nielsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karlson, U" uniqKey="Karlson U">U Karlson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, G" uniqKey="Wu G">G Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robertson, Dh" uniqKey="Robertson D">DH Robertson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, Cl" uniqKey="Brooks C">CL Brooks</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vieth, M" uniqKey="Vieth M">M Vieth</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zucchi, Td" uniqKey="Zucchi T">TD Zucchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Moraes, La" uniqKey="De Moraes L">LA de Moraes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Melo, Is" uniqKey="De Melo I">IS de Melo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mol Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mmi</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecular Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0950-382X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1365-2958</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20807200</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3034190</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07356.x</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Identification and characterization of two families of F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
-dependent reductases from <italic>Mycobacteria</italic>
that catalyse aflatoxin degradation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Matthew C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jackson</surname>
<given-names>Colin J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tattersall</surname>
<given-names>David B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>French</surname>
<given-names>Nigel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peat</surname>
<given-names>Thomas S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Newman</surname>
<given-names>Janet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Briggs</surname>
<given-names>Lyndall J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lapalikar</surname>
<given-names>Gauri V</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>Peter M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>Colin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>Robyn J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oakeshott</surname>
<given-names>John G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="au1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="au1"><label>1</label>
<institution>CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences</institution>
<addr-line>GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="au2"><label>2</label>
<institution>Institute de Biologie Structurale</institution>
<addr-line>41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="au3"><label>3</label>
<institution>CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies</institution>
<addr-line>343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*For correspondence. E-mail <email>m.taylor@csiro.au</email>
; Tel. (+61) 2 6246 4404; Fax (+61) 2 6246 4094. <bold>Data deposition footnote:</bold>
Coordinates have been deposited in the PDB under accession codes 3F7E (MSMEG_3380) and 3H96 (MSMEG_3356).</corresp>
<fn><p>Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms">http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms</ext-link>
</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>561</fpage>
<lpage>575</lpage>
<history><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><license-p>Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Aflatoxins are polyaromatic mycotoxins that contaminate a range of food crops as a result of fungal growth and contribute to serious health problems in the developing world because of their toxicity and mutagenicity. Although relatively resistant to biotic degradation, aflatoxins can be metabolized by certain species of <italic>Actinomycetales</italic>
. However, the enzymatic basis for their breakdown has not been reported until now. We have identified nine <italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis</italic>
enzymes that utilize the deazaflavin cofactor F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
to catalyse the reduction of the α,β-unsaturated ester moiety of aflatoxins, activating the molecules for spontaneous hydrolysis and detoxification. These enzymes belong to two previously uncharacterized F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
dependent reductase (FDR-A and -B) families that are distantly related to the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) dependent pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate oxidases (PNPOxs). We have solved crystal structures of an enzyme from each FDR family and show that they, like the PNPOxs, adopt a split barrel protein fold, although the FDRs also possess an extended and highly charged F<sub>420</sub>
H<sub>2</sub>
binding groove. A general role for these enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism is discussed, including the observation that the nitro-reductase Rv3547 from <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>
that is responsible for the activation of bicyclic nitroimidazole prodrugs belongs to the FDR-A family.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002620 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 002620 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Curation |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3034190 |texte= Identification and characterization of two families of F420H2-dependent reductases from Mycobacteria that catalyse aflatoxin degradation }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:20807200" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |