Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015
Identifieur interne : 002473 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002472; suivant : 002474Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015
Auteurs : Gregory A. Roth [États-Unis] ; Catherine Johnson [États-Unis] ; Amanuel Abajobir [Australie] ; Foad Abd-Allah [Égypte] ; Semaw Ferede Abera [Éthiopie] ; Gebre Abyu [Éthiopie] ; Muktar Ahmed [Éthiopie] ; Baran Aksut [États-Unis] ; Tahiya Alam [États-Unis] ; Khurshid Alam [Australie] ; François Alla [France] ; Nelson Alvis-Guzman [Colombie] ; Stephen Amrock [États-Unis] ; Hossein Ansari [Iran] ; Johan Rnlöv [Suède] ; Hamid Asayesh [Iran] ; Tesfay Mehari Atey [Éthiopie] ; Leticia Avila-Burgos [Mexique] ; Ashish Awasthi [Inde] ; Amitava Banerjee [Royaume-Uni] ; Aleksandra Barac [Serbie] ; Till B Rnighausen [États-Unis] ; Lars Barregard [Suède] ; Neeraj Bedi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ezra Belay Ketema [Éthiopie] ; Derrick Bennett [Royaume-Uni] ; Gebremedhin Berhe [Éthiopie] ; Zulfiqar Bhutta [Pakistan] ; Shimelash Bitew [Éthiopie] ; Jonathan Carapetis [Australie] ; Juan Jesus Carrero [Suède] ; Deborah Carvalho Malta [Brésil] ; Carlos Andres Casta Eda-Orjuela [Colombie] ; Jacqueline Castillo-Rivas [Costa Rica] ; Ferrán Catalá-L Pez [Espagne] ; Jee-Young Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Hanne Christensen [Danemark] ; Massimo Cirillo [Italie] ; Leslie Cooper [États-Unis] ; Michael Criqui [États-Unis] ; David Cundiff [États-Unis] ; Albertino Damasceno [Mozambique] ; Lalit Dandona [États-Unis, Inde] ; Rakhi Dandona [États-Unis, Inde] ; Kairat Davletov [Kazakhstan] ; Samath Dharmaratne [Sri Lanka] ; Prabhakaran Dorairaj [Inde] ; Manisha Dubey [Inde] ; Rebecca Ehrenkranz [États-Unis] ; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki [Égypte] ; Emerito Jose A. Faraon [Philippines] ; Alireza Esteghamati [Iran] ; Talha Farid [États-Unis] ; Maryam Farvid [États-Unis] ; Valery Feigin [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Eric L. Ding [États-Unis] ; Gerry Fowkes [Royaume-Uni] ; Tsegaye Gebrehiwot [Éthiopie] ; Richard Gillum [États-Unis] ; Audra Gold [États-Unis] ; Philimon Gona [États-Unis] ; Rajeev Gupta [Inde] ; Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold [Pays-Bas] ; Nima Hafezi-Nejad [Iran] ; Tesfaye Hailu [Éthiopie] ; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu [Éthiopie] ; Graeme Hankey [Australie] ; Hamid Yimam Hassen [Éthiopie] ; Kalkidan Hassen Abate [Éthiopie] ; Rasmus Havmoeller [Suède] ; Simon I. Hay [États-Unis, Royaume-Uni] ; Masako Horino [États-Unis] ; Peter J. Hotez [États-Unis] ; Kathryn Jacobsen [États-Unis] ; Spencer James [États-Unis] ; Mehdi Javanbakht [Royaume-Uni] ; Panniyammakal Jeemon [Inde] ; Denny John [Inde] ; Jost Jonas [Allemagne] ; Yogeshwar Kalkonde [Inde] ; Chante Karimkhani [États-Unis] ; Amir Kasaeian [Iran] ; Yousef Khader [Jordanie] ; Abdur Khan [États-Unis] ; Young-Ho Khang [Corée du Sud] ; Sahil Khera [États-Unis] ; Abdullah T. Khoja [Arabie saoudite] ; Jagdish Khubchandani [États-Unis] ; Daniel Kim [États-Unis] ; Dhaval Kolte [États-Unis] ; Soewarta Kosen [Indonésie] ; Kristopher J. Krohn [États-Unis] ; G. Anil Kumar [Inde] ; Gene F. Kwan [États-Unis] ; Dharmesh Kumar Lal [Inde] ; Anders Larsson [Suède] ; Shai Linn [Israël] ; Alan Lopez [Australie] ; Paulo A. Lotufo [Brésil] ; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek [Égypte] ; Reza Malekzadeh [Iran] ; Mohsen Mazidi [République populaire de Chine] ; Toni Meier [Allemagne] ; Kidanu Gebremariam Meles [Éthiopie] ; George Mensah [États-Unis] ; Atte Meretoja [Australie] ; Haftay Mezgebe [Éthiopie] ; Ted Miller [États-Unis] ; Erkin Mirrakhimov [Kirghizistan] ; Shafiu Mohammed [Nigeria] ; Andrew E. Moran [États-Unis] ; Kamarul Imran Musa [Malaisie] ; Jagat Narula [États-Unis] ; Bruce Neal [Australie] ; Frida Ngalesoni [Tanzanie] ; Grant Nguyen [États-Unis] ; Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer [Liban] ; Mayowa Owolabi [Nigeria] ; George Patton [Australie] ; João Pedro [Portugal] ; Dima Qato [États-Unis] ; Mostafa Qorbani [Iran] ; Kazem Rahimi [Royaume-Uni] ; Rajesh Kumar Rai [Inde] ; Salman Rawaf [Royaume-Uni] ; Antônio Ribeiro [Brésil] ; Saeid Safiri [Iran] ; Joshua A. Salomon [États-Unis] ; Itamar Santos [Brésil] ; Milena Santric Milicevic [Serbie] ; Benn Sartorius [Afrique du Sud] ; Aletta Schutte [Afrique du Sud] ; Sadaf Sepanlou [Iran] ; Masood Ali Shaikh [Pakistan] ; Min-Jeong Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Mehdi Shishehbor [États-Unis] ; Hirbo Shore [Éthiopie] ; Diego Augusto Santos Silva [Brésil] ; Eugene Sobngwi [Cameroun] ; Saverio Stranges [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Soumya Swaminathan [Inde] ; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos [Espagne] ; Niguse Tadele Atnafu [Éthiopie] ; Fisaha Tesfay [Éthiopie] ; J. S. Thakur [Inde] ; Amanda Thrift [Australie] ; Roman Topor-Madry [Pologne] ; Thomas Truelsen [Danemark] ; Stefanos Tyrovolas [Espagne] ; Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja [Nigeria] ; Olalekan Uthman [Royaume-Uni] ; Tommi Vasankari [Finlande] ; Vasiliy Vlassov [Russie] ; Stein Emil Vollset [Norvège] ; Tolassa Wakayo [Éthiopie] ; David Watkins [États-Unis] ; Robert Weintraub [Australie] ; Andrea Werdecker [Allemagne] ; Ronny Westerman [Allemagne] ; Charles Shey Wiysonge [Afrique du Sud] ; Charles Wolfe [Royaume-Uni] ; Abdulhalik Workicho [Éthiopie] ; Gelin Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuichiro Yano [États-Unis] ; Paul Yip [Hong Kong] ; Naohiro Yonemoto [Japon] ; Mustafa Younis [États-Unis] ; Chuanhua Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Theo Vos [États-Unis] ; Mohsen Naghavi [États-Unis] ; Christopher Murray [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology [ 0735-1097 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.
The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.
CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.
In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.
CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052
PubMed: 28527533
PubMed Central: 5491406
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<author><name sortKey="Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline" sort="Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Castillo Rivas J" first="Jacqueline" last="Castillo-Rivas">Jacqueline Castillo-Rivas</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young" sort="Choi, Jee Young" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young" last="Choi">Jee-Young Choi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Christensen, Hanne" sort="Christensen, Hanne" uniqKey="Christensen H" first="Hanne" last="Christensen">Hanne Christensen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cirillo, Massimo" sort="Cirillo, Massimo" uniqKey="Cirillo M" first="Massimo" last="Cirillo">Massimo Cirillo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Leslie" sort="Cooper, Leslie" uniqKey="Cooper L" first="Leslie" last="Cooper">Leslie Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Criqui, Michael" sort="Criqui, Michael" uniqKey="Criqui M" first="Michael" last="Criqui">Michael Criqui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff34">University of California, San Diego, California</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California, San Diego</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cundiff, David" sort="Cundiff, David" uniqKey="Cundiff D" first="David" last="Cundiff">David Cundiff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Long Beach, California</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Long Beach</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Damasceno, Albertino" sort="Damasceno, Albertino" uniqKey="Damasceno A" first="Albertino" last="Damasceno">Albertino Damasceno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dandona, Lalit" sort="Dandona, Lalit" uniqKey="Dandona L" first="Lalit" last="Dandona">Lalit Dandona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dandona, Rakhi" sort="Dandona, Rakhi" uniqKey="Dandona R" first="Rakhi" last="Dandona">Rakhi Dandona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davletov, Kairat" sort="Davletov, Kairat" uniqKey="Davletov K" first="Kairat" last="Davletov">Kairat Davletov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dharmaratne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dorairaj, Prabhakaran" sort="Dorairaj, Prabhakaran" uniqKey="Dorairaj P" first="Prabhakaran" last="Dorairaj">Prabhakaran Dorairaj</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dubey, Manisha" sort="Dubey, Manisha" uniqKey="Dubey M" first="Manisha" last="Dubey">Manisha Dubey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41">International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ehrenkranz, Rebecca" sort="Ehrenkranz, Rebecca" uniqKey="Ehrenkranz R" first="Rebecca" last="Ehrenkranz">Rebecca Ehrenkranz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" sort="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" uniqKey="El Sayed Zaki M" first="Maysaa" last="El Sayed Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraon, Emerito Jose A" sort="Faraon, Emerito Jose A" uniqKey="Faraon E" first="Emerito Jose A." last="Faraon">Emerito Jose A. Faraon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Philippines Manila, Manila</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esteghamati, Alireza" sort="Esteghamati, Alireza" uniqKey="Esteghamati A" first="Alireza" last="Esteghamati">Alireza Esteghamati</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farid, Talha" sort="Farid, Talha" uniqKey="Farid T" first="Talha" last="Farid">Talha Farid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff45">University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Louisville, Louisville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farvid, Maryam" sort="Farvid, Maryam" uniqKey="Farvid M" first="Maryam" last="Farvid">Maryam Farvid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feigin, Valery" sort="Feigin, Valery" uniqKey="Feigin V" first="Valery" last="Feigin">Valery Feigin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Auckland University of Technology, Auckland</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Eric L" sort="Ding, Eric L" uniqKey="Ding E" first="Eric L." last="Ding">Eric L. Ding</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowkes, Gerry" sort="Fowkes, Gerry" uniqKey="Fowkes G" first="Gerry" last="Fowkes">Gerry Fowkes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff47">University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye" sort="Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye" uniqKey="Gebrehiwot T" first="Tsegaye" last="Gebrehiwot">Tsegaye Gebrehiwot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillum, Richard" sort="Gillum, Richard" uniqKey="Gillum R" first="Richard" last="Gillum">Richard Gillum</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gold, Audra" sort="Gold, Audra" uniqKey="Gold A" first="Audra" last="Gold">Audra Gold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gona, Philimon" sort="Gona, Philimon" uniqKey="Gona P" first="Philimon" last="Gona">Philimon Gona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff48">University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Rajeev" sort="Gupta, Rajeev" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Rajeev" last="Gupta">Rajeev Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie" sort="Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie" uniqKey="Habtewold T" first="Tesfa Dejenie" last="Habtewold">Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hafezi Nejad, Nima" sort="Hafezi Nejad, Nima" uniqKey="Hafezi Nejad N" first="Nima" last="Hafezi-Nejad">Nima Hafezi-Nejad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hailu, Tesfaye" sort="Hailu, Tesfaye" uniqKey="Hailu T" first="Tesfaye" last="Hailu">Tesfaye Hailu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa" sort="Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa" uniqKey="Hailu G" first="Gessessew Bugssa" last="Hailu">Gessessew Bugssa Hailu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hankey, Graeme" sort="Hankey, Graeme" uniqKey="Hankey G" first="Graeme" last="Hankey">Graeme Hankey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abate, Kalkidan Hassen" sort="Abate, Kalkidan Hassen" uniqKey="Abate K" first="Kalkidan Hassen" last="Abate">Kalkidan Hassen Abate</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I." last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horino, Masako" sort="Horino, Masako" uniqKey="Horino M" first="Masako" last="Horino">Masako Horino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Nevada</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hotez, Peter J" sort="Hotez, Peter J" uniqKey="Hotez P" first="Peter J." last="Hotez">Peter J. Hotez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Baylor College of Medicine, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Kathryn" sort="Jacobsen, Kathryn" uniqKey="Jacobsen K" first="Kathryn" last="Jacobsen">Kathryn Jacobsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff54">George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>George Mason University, Fairfax</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="James, Spencer" sort="James, Spencer" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer" last="James">Spencer James</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Javanbakht, Mehdi" sort="Javanbakht, Mehdi" uniqKey="Javanbakht M" first="Mehdi" last="Javanbakht">Mehdi Javanbakht</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeemon, Panniyammakal" sort="Jeemon, Panniyammakal" uniqKey="Jeemon P" first="Panniyammakal" last="Jeemon">Panniyammakal Jeemon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="John, Denny" sort="John, Denny" uniqKey="John D" first="Denny" last="John">Denny John</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost" sort="Jonas, Jost" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost" last="Jonas">Jost Jonas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalkonde, Yogeshwar" sort="Kalkonde, Yogeshwar" uniqKey="Kalkonde Y" first="Yogeshwar" last="Kalkonde">Yogeshwar Kalkonde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karimkhani, Chante" sort="Karimkhani, Chante" uniqKey="Karimkhani C" first="Chante" last="Karimkhani">Chante Karimkhani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef" sort="Khader, Yousef" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef" last="Khader">Yousef Khader</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, Abdur" sort="Khan, Abdur" uniqKey="Khan A" first="Abdur" last="Khan">Abdur Khan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff62">University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Louisville, Louisville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khang, Young Ho" sort="Khang, Young Ho" uniqKey="Khang Y" first="Young-Ho" last="Khang">Young-Ho Khang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khera, Sahil" sort="Khera, Sahil" uniqKey="Khera S" first="Sahil" last="Khera">Sahil Khera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64">New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>New York Medical College, Valhalla</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoja, Abdullah T" sort="Khoja, Abdullah T" uniqKey="Khoja A" first="Abdullah T." last="Khoja">Abdullah T. Khoja</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khubchandani, Jagdish" sort="Khubchandani, Jagdish" uniqKey="Khubchandani J" first="Jagdish" last="Khubchandani">Jagdish Khubchandani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Ball State University, Muncie</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolte, Dhaval" sort="Kolte, Dhaval" uniqKey="Kolte D" first="Dhaval" last="Kolte">Dhaval Kolte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Brown University, Providence</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kosen, Soewarta" sort="Kosen, Soewarta" uniqKey="Kosen S" first="Soewarta" last="Kosen">Soewarta Kosen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff69">Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krohn, Kristopher J" sort="Krohn, Kristopher J" uniqKey="Krohn K" first="Kristopher J." last="Krohn">Kristopher J. Krohn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, G Anil" sort="Kumar, G Anil" uniqKey="Kumar G" first="G. Anil" last="Kumar">G. Anil Kumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwan, Gene F" sort="Kwan, Gene F" uniqKey="Kwan G" first="Gene F." last="Kwan">Gene F. Kwan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff70">Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Boston University School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lal, Dharmesh Kumar" sort="Lal, Dharmesh Kumar" uniqKey="Lal D" first="Dharmesh Kumar" last="Lal">Dharmesh Kumar Lal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larsson, Anders" sort="Larsson, Anders" uniqKey="Larsson A" first="Anders" last="Larsson">Anders Larsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linn, Shai" sort="Linn, Shai" uniqKey="Linn S" first="Shai" last="Linn">Shai Linn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Haifa, Haifa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan" sort="Lopez, Alan" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan" last="Lopez">Alan Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotufo, Paulo A" sort="Lotufo, Paulo A" uniqKey="Lotufo P" first="Paulo A." last="Lotufo">Paulo A. Lotufo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd" sort="El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd" uniqKey="El Razek H" first="Hassan Magdy Abd" last="El Razek">Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malekzadeh, Reza" sort="Malekzadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Malekzadeh R" first="Reza" last="Malekzadeh">Reza Malekzadeh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazidi, Mohsen" sort="Mazidi, Mohsen" uniqKey="Mazidi M" first="Mohsen" last="Mazidi">Mohsen Mazidi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meier, Toni" sort="Meier, Toni" uniqKey="Meier T" first="Toni" last="Meier">Toni Meier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam" sort="Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam" uniqKey="Meles K" first="Kidanu Gebremariam" last="Meles">Kidanu Gebremariam Meles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mensah, George" sort="Mensah, George" uniqKey="Mensah G" first="George" last="Mensah">George Mensah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff75">National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institutes of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mezgebe, Haftay" sort="Mezgebe, Haftay" uniqKey="Mezgebe H" first="Haftay" last="Mezgebe">Haftay Mezgebe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted" sort="Miller, Ted" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted" last="Miller">Ted Miller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin Mirrakhimov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kirghizistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moran, Andrew E" sort="Moran, Andrew E" uniqKey="Moran A" first="Andrew E." last="Moran">Andrew E. Moran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Columbia University, New York, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff80">University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Science Malaysia, Penang</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narula, Jagat" sort="Narula, Jagat" uniqKey="Narula J" first="Jagat" last="Narula">Jagat Narula</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff81">The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neal, Bruce" sort="Neal, Bruce" uniqKey="Neal B" first="Bruce" last="Neal">Bruce Neal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff82">The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngalesoni, Frida" sort="Ngalesoni, Frida" uniqKey="Ngalesoni F" first="Frida" last="Ngalesoni">Frida Ngalesoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff83">Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Grant" sort="Nguyen, Grant" uniqKey="Nguyen G" first="Grant" last="Nguyen">Grant Nguyen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf" sort="Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf" uniqKey="Obermeyer C" first="Carla Makhlouf" last="Obermeyer">Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff84">American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owolabi, Mayowa" sort="Owolabi, Mayowa" uniqKey="Owolabi M" first="Mayowa" last="Owolabi">Mayowa Owolabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patton, George" sort="Patton, George" uniqKey="Patton G" first="George" last="Patton">George Patton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pedro, Joao" sort="Pedro, Joao" uniqKey="Pedro J" first="João" last="Pedro">João Pedro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff86">University of Porto, Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qato, Dima" sort="Qato, Dima" uniqKey="Qato D" first="Dima" last="Qato">Dima Qato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff87">University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qorbani, Mostafa" sort="Qorbani, Mostafa" uniqKey="Qorbani M" first="Mostafa" last="Qorbani">Mostafa Qorbani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Kazem" sort="Rahimi, Kazem" uniqKey="Rahimi K" first="Kazem" last="Rahimi">Kazem Rahimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" sort="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" uniqKey="Rai R" first="Rajesh Kumar" last="Rai">Rajesh Kumar Rai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff89">Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Birbhum, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Birbhum</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, Antonio" sort="Ribeiro, Antonio" uniqKey="Ribeiro A" first="Antônio" last="Ribeiro">Antônio Ribeiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Safiri, Saeid" sort="Safiri, Saeid" uniqKey="Safiri S" first="Saeid" last="Safiri">Saeid Safiri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salomon, Joshua A" sort="Salomon, Joshua A" uniqKey="Salomon J" first="Joshua A." last="Salomon">Joshua A. Salomon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Itamar" sort="Santos, Itamar" uniqKey="Santos I" first="Itamar" last="Santos">Itamar Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena Santric Milicevic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sartorius, Benn" sort="Sartorius, Benn" uniqKey="Sartorius B" first="Benn" last="Sartorius">Benn Sartorius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schutte, Aletta" sort="Schutte, Aletta" uniqKey="Schutte A" first="Aletta" last="Schutte">Aletta Schutte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff93">North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>North-West University, Potchefstroom</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sepanlou, Sadaf" sort="Sepanlou, Sadaf" uniqKey="Sepanlou S" first="Sadaf" last="Sepanlou">Sadaf Sepanlou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff94">Independent Consultant, Islamabad, Pakistan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Independent Consultant, Islamabad</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shin, Min Jeong" sort="Shin, Min Jeong" uniqKey="Shin M" first="Min-Jeong" last="Shin">Min-Jeong Shin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff95">Korea University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shishehbor, Mehdi" sort="Shishehbor, Mehdi" uniqKey="Shishehbor M" first="Mehdi" last="Shishehbor">Mehdi Shishehbor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shore, Hirbo" sort="Shore, Hirbo" uniqKey="Shore H" first="Hirbo" last="Shore">Hirbo Shore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff96">Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Haramaya University, Dire Dawa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Diego Augusto Santos" sort="Silva, Diego Augusto Santos" uniqKey="Silva D" first="Diego Augusto Santos" last="Silva">Diego Augusto Santos Silva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff97">Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobngwi, Eugene" sort="Sobngwi, Eugene" uniqKey="Sobngwi E" first="Eugene" last="Sobngwi">Eugene Sobngwi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff98">University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stranges, Saverio" sort="Stranges, Saverio" uniqKey="Stranges S" first="Saverio" last="Stranges">Saverio Stranges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff99">Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, Soumya" sort="Swaminathan, Soumya" uniqKey="Swaminathan S" first="Soumya" last="Swaminathan">Soumya Swaminathan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff100">Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" sort="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" uniqKey="Tabares Seisdedos R" first="Rafael" last="Tabarés-Seisdedos">Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València, Spain</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thakur, J S" sort="Thakur, J S" uniqKey="Thakur J" first="J. S." last="Thakur">J. S. Thakur</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Topor Madry, Roman" sort="Topor Madry, Roman" uniqKey="Topor Madry R" first="Roman" last="Topor-Madry">Roman Topor-Madry</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyrovolas, Stefanos" sort="Tyrovolas, Stefanos" uniqKey="Tyrovolas S" first="Stefanos" last="Tyrovolas">Stefanos Tyrovolas</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna" sort="Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna" uniqKey="Ukwaja K" first="Kingsley Nnanna" last="Ukwaja">Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff107">University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasankari, Tommi" sort="Vasankari, Tommi" uniqKey="Vasankari T" first="Tommi" last="Vasankari">Tommi Vasankari</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Wakayo, Tolassa" sort="Wakayo, Tolassa" uniqKey="Wakayo T" first="Tolassa" last="Wakayo">Tolassa Wakayo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watkins, David" sort="Watkins, David" uniqKey="Watkins D" first="David" last="Watkins">David Watkins</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff112">Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Wiysonge, Charles Shey" sort="Wiysonge, Charles Shey" uniqKey="Wiysonge C" first="Charles Shey" last="Wiysonge">Charles Shey Wiysonge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff113">Cochrane South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Wolfe, Charles" sort="Wolfe, Charles" uniqKey="Wolfe C" first="Charles" last="Wolfe">Charles Wolfe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff114">King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>King’s College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Workicho, Abdulhalik" sort="Workicho, Abdulhalik" uniqKey="Workicho A" first="Abdulhalik" last="Workicho">Abdulhalik Workicho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Gelin" sort="Xu, Gelin" uniqKey="Xu G" first="Gelin" last="Xu">Gelin Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff115">Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff116">Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois</nlm:aff>
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<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff117">University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff118">Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyoto University, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa" sort="Younis, Mustafa" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa" last="Younis">Mustafa Younis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff119">Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Jackson State University, Jackson</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff120">Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wuhan University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murray, Christopher" sort="Murray, Christopher" uniqKey="Murray C" first="Christopher" last="Murray">Christopher Murray</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015</title>
<author><name sortKey="Roth, Gregory A" sort="Roth, Gregory A" uniqKey="Roth G" first="Gregory A." last="Roth">Gregory A. Roth</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Catherine" sort="Johnson, Catherine" uniqKey="Johnson C" first="Catherine" last="Johnson">Catherine Johnson</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abajobir, Amanuel" sort="Abajobir, Amanuel" uniqKey="Abajobir A" first="Amanuel" last="Abajobir">Amanuel Abajobir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Allah, Foad" sort="Abd Allah, Foad" uniqKey="Abd Allah F" first="Foad" last="Abd-Allah">Foad Abd-Allah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cairo University, Cairo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abera, Semaw Ferede" sort="Abera, Semaw Ferede" uniqKey="Abera S" first="Semaw Ferede" last="Abera">Semaw Ferede Abera</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abyu, Gebre" sort="Abyu, Gebre" uniqKey="Abyu G" first="Gebre" last="Abyu">Gebre Abyu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Muktar" sort="Ahmed, Muktar" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Muktar" last="Ahmed">Muktar Ahmed</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aksut, Baran" sort="Aksut, Baran" uniqKey="Aksut B" first="Baran" last="Aksut">Baran Aksut</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alam, Tahiya" sort="Alam, Tahiya" uniqKey="Alam T" first="Tahiya" last="Alam">Tahiya Alam</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alam, Khurshid" sort="Alam, Khurshid" uniqKey="Alam K" first="Khurshid" last="Alam">Khurshid Alam</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alla, Francois" sort="Alla, Francois" uniqKey="Alla F" first="François" last="Alla">François Alla</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Lorraine, Nancy</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" sort="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" uniqKey="Alvis Guzman N" first="Nelson" last="Alvis-Guzman">Nelson Alvis-Guzman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amrock, Stephen" sort="Amrock, Stephen" uniqKey="Amrock S" first="Stephen" last="Amrock">Stephen Amrock</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Oregon Health & Science University, Portland</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansari, Hossein" sort="Ansari, Hossein" uniqKey="Ansari H" first="Hossein" last="Ansari">Hossein Ansari</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asayesh, Hamid" sort="Asayesh, Hamid" uniqKey="Asayesh H" first="Hamid" last="Asayesh">Hamid Asayesh</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Atey, Tesfay Mehari" sort="Atey, Tesfay Mehari" uniqKey="Atey T" first="Tesfay Mehari" last="Atey">Tesfay Mehari Atey</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avila Burgos, Leticia" sort="Avila Burgos, Leticia" uniqKey="Avila Burgos L" first="Leticia" last="Avila-Burgos">Leticia Avila-Burgos</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Awasthi, Ashish" sort="Awasthi, Ashish" uniqKey="Awasthi A" first="Ashish" last="Awasthi">Ashish Awasthi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Amitava" sort="Banerjee, Amitava" uniqKey="Banerjee A" first="Amitava" last="Banerjee">Amitava Banerjee</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>University College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barac, Aleksandra" sort="Barac, Aleksandra" uniqKey="Barac A" first="Aleksandra" last="Barac">Aleksandra Barac</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, Till" sort="B Rnighausen, Till" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T" first="Till" last="B Rnighausen">Till B Rnighausen</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barregard, Lars" sort="Barregard, Lars" uniqKey="Barregard L" first="Lars" last="Barregard">Lars Barregard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belay Ketema, Ezra" sort="Belay Ketema, Ezra" uniqKey="Belay Ketema E" first="Ezra" last="Belay Ketema">Ezra Belay Ketema</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bennett, Derrick" sort="Bennett, Derrick" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="Derrick" last="Bennett">Derrick Bennett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berhe, Gebremedhin" sort="Berhe, Gebremedhin" uniqKey="Berhe G" first="Gebremedhin" last="Berhe">Gebremedhin Berhe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar Bhutta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Aga Khan University, Karachi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bitew, Shimelash" sort="Bitew, Shimelash" uniqKey="Bitew S" first="Shimelash" last="Bitew">Shimelash Bitew</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carapetis, Jonathan" sort="Carapetis, Jonathan" uniqKey="Carapetis J" first="Jonathan" last="Carapetis">Jonathan Carapetis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrero, Juan Jesus" sort="Carrero, Juan Jesus" uniqKey="Carrero J" first="Juan Jesus" last="Carrero">Juan Jesus Carrero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" sort="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" uniqKey="Malta D" first="Deborah Carvalho" last="Malta">Deborah Carvalho Malta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos Andres" sort="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos Andres" uniqKey="Casta Eda Orjuela C" first="Carlos Andres" last="Casta Eda-Orjuela">Carlos Andres Casta Eda-Orjuela</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline" sort="Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Castillo Rivas J" first="Jacqueline" last="Castillo-Rivas">Jacqueline Castillo-Rivas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Catala L Pez, Ferran" sort="Catala L Pez, Ferran" uniqKey="Catala L Pez F" first="Ferrán" last="Catalá-L Pez">Ferrán Catalá-L Pez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young" sort="Choi, Jee Young" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young" last="Choi">Jee-Young Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christensen, Hanne" sort="Christensen, Hanne" uniqKey="Christensen H" first="Hanne" last="Christensen">Hanne Christensen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cirillo, Massimo" sort="Cirillo, Massimo" uniqKey="Cirillo M" first="Massimo" last="Cirillo">Massimo Cirillo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Leslie" sort="Cooper, Leslie" uniqKey="Cooper L" first="Leslie" last="Cooper">Leslie Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Criqui, Michael" sort="Criqui, Michael" uniqKey="Criqui M" first="Michael" last="Criqui">Michael Criqui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff34">University of California, San Diego, California</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California, San Diego</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cundiff, David" sort="Cundiff, David" uniqKey="Cundiff D" first="David" last="Cundiff">David Cundiff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Long Beach, California</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Long Beach</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Damasceno, Albertino" sort="Damasceno, Albertino" uniqKey="Damasceno A" first="Albertino" last="Damasceno">Albertino Damasceno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dandona, Lalit" sort="Dandona, Lalit" uniqKey="Dandona L" first="Lalit" last="Dandona">Lalit Dandona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dandona, Rakhi" sort="Dandona, Rakhi" uniqKey="Dandona R" first="Rakhi" last="Dandona">Rakhi Dandona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davletov, Kairat" sort="Davletov, Kairat" uniqKey="Davletov K" first="Kairat" last="Davletov">Kairat Davletov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dharmaratne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sri Lanka</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dorairaj, Prabhakaran" sort="Dorairaj, Prabhakaran" uniqKey="Dorairaj P" first="Prabhakaran" last="Dorairaj">Prabhakaran Dorairaj</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dubey, Manisha" sort="Dubey, Manisha" uniqKey="Dubey M" first="Manisha" last="Dubey">Manisha Dubey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41">International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ehrenkranz, Rebecca" sort="Ehrenkranz, Rebecca" uniqKey="Ehrenkranz R" first="Rebecca" last="Ehrenkranz">Rebecca Ehrenkranz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" sort="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" uniqKey="El Sayed Zaki M" first="Maysaa" last="El Sayed Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faraon, Emerito Jose A" sort="Faraon, Emerito Jose A" uniqKey="Faraon E" first="Emerito Jose A." last="Faraon">Emerito Jose A. Faraon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Philippines Manila, Manila</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esteghamati, Alireza" sort="Esteghamati, Alireza" uniqKey="Esteghamati A" first="Alireza" last="Esteghamati">Alireza Esteghamati</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farid, Talha" sort="Farid, Talha" uniqKey="Farid T" first="Talha" last="Farid">Talha Farid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff45">University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Louisville, Louisville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farvid, Maryam" sort="Farvid, Maryam" uniqKey="Farvid M" first="Maryam" last="Farvid">Maryam Farvid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feigin, Valery" sort="Feigin, Valery" uniqKey="Feigin V" first="Valery" last="Feigin">Valery Feigin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Auckland University of Technology, Auckland</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Eric L" sort="Ding, Eric L" uniqKey="Ding E" first="Eric L." last="Ding">Eric L. Ding</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowkes, Gerry" sort="Fowkes, Gerry" uniqKey="Fowkes G" first="Gerry" last="Fowkes">Gerry Fowkes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff47">University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye" sort="Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye" uniqKey="Gebrehiwot T" first="Tsegaye" last="Gebrehiwot">Tsegaye Gebrehiwot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillum, Richard" sort="Gillum, Richard" uniqKey="Gillum R" first="Richard" last="Gillum">Richard Gillum</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gold, Audra" sort="Gold, Audra" uniqKey="Gold A" first="Audra" last="Gold">Audra Gold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gona, Philimon" sort="Gona, Philimon" uniqKey="Gona P" first="Philimon" last="Gona">Philimon Gona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff48">University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Rajeev" sort="Gupta, Rajeev" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Rajeev" last="Gupta">Rajeev Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie" sort="Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie" uniqKey="Habtewold T" first="Tesfa Dejenie" last="Habtewold">Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hafezi Nejad, Nima" sort="Hafezi Nejad, Nima" uniqKey="Hafezi Nejad N" first="Nima" last="Hafezi-Nejad">Nima Hafezi-Nejad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hailu, Tesfaye" sort="Hailu, Tesfaye" uniqKey="Hailu T" first="Tesfaye" last="Hailu">Tesfaye Hailu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa" sort="Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa" uniqKey="Hailu G" first="Gessessew Bugssa" last="Hailu">Gessessew Bugssa Hailu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hankey, Graeme" sort="Hankey, Graeme" uniqKey="Hankey G" first="Graeme" last="Hankey">Graeme Hankey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abate, Kalkidan Hassen" sort="Abate, Kalkidan Hassen" uniqKey="Abate K" first="Kalkidan Hassen" last="Abate">Kalkidan Hassen Abate</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I." last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horino, Masako" sort="Horino, Masako" uniqKey="Horino M" first="Masako" last="Horino">Masako Horino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Nevada</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hotez, Peter J" sort="Hotez, Peter J" uniqKey="Hotez P" first="Peter J." last="Hotez">Peter J. Hotez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Baylor College of Medicine, Houston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Kathryn" sort="Jacobsen, Kathryn" uniqKey="Jacobsen K" first="Kathryn" last="Jacobsen">Kathryn Jacobsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff54">George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>George Mason University, Fairfax</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="James, Spencer" sort="James, Spencer" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer" last="James">Spencer James</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Javanbakht, Mehdi" sort="Javanbakht, Mehdi" uniqKey="Javanbakht M" first="Mehdi" last="Javanbakht">Mehdi Javanbakht</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeemon, Panniyammakal" sort="Jeemon, Panniyammakal" uniqKey="Jeemon P" first="Panniyammakal" last="Jeemon">Panniyammakal Jeemon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="John, Denny" sort="John, Denny" uniqKey="John D" first="Denny" last="John">Denny John</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost" sort="Jonas, Jost" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost" last="Jonas">Jost Jonas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalkonde, Yogeshwar" sort="Kalkonde, Yogeshwar" uniqKey="Kalkonde Y" first="Yogeshwar" last="Kalkonde">Yogeshwar Kalkonde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karimkhani, Chante" sort="Karimkhani, Chante" uniqKey="Karimkhani C" first="Chante" last="Karimkhani">Chante Karimkhani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef" sort="Khader, Yousef" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef" last="Khader">Yousef Khader</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, Abdur" sort="Khan, Abdur" uniqKey="Khan A" first="Abdur" last="Khan">Abdur Khan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff62">University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Louisville, Louisville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khang, Young Ho" sort="Khang, Young Ho" uniqKey="Khang Y" first="Young-Ho" last="Khang">Young-Ho Khang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khera, Sahil" sort="Khera, Sahil" uniqKey="Khera S" first="Sahil" last="Khera">Sahil Khera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64">New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>New York Medical College, Valhalla</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoja, Abdullah T" sort="Khoja, Abdullah T" uniqKey="Khoja A" first="Abdullah T." last="Khoja">Abdullah T. Khoja</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khubchandani, Jagdish" sort="Khubchandani, Jagdish" uniqKey="Khubchandani J" first="Jagdish" last="Khubchandani">Jagdish Khubchandani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Ball State University, Muncie</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolte, Dhaval" sort="Kolte, Dhaval" uniqKey="Kolte D" first="Dhaval" last="Kolte">Dhaval Kolte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Brown University, Providence</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kosen, Soewarta" sort="Kosen, Soewarta" uniqKey="Kosen S" first="Soewarta" last="Kosen">Soewarta Kosen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff69">Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krohn, Kristopher J" sort="Krohn, Kristopher J" uniqKey="Krohn K" first="Kristopher J." last="Krohn">Kristopher J. Krohn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, G Anil" sort="Kumar, G Anil" uniqKey="Kumar G" first="G. Anil" last="Kumar">G. Anil Kumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwan, Gene F" sort="Kwan, Gene F" uniqKey="Kwan G" first="Gene F." last="Kwan">Gene F. Kwan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff70">Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Boston University School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lal, Dharmesh Kumar" sort="Lal, Dharmesh Kumar" uniqKey="Lal D" first="Dharmesh Kumar" last="Lal">Dharmesh Kumar Lal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larsson, Anders" sort="Larsson, Anders" uniqKey="Larsson A" first="Anders" last="Larsson">Anders Larsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linn, Shai" sort="Linn, Shai" uniqKey="Linn S" first="Shai" last="Linn">Shai Linn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Haifa, Haifa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan" sort="Lopez, Alan" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan" last="Lopez">Alan Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotufo, Paulo A" sort="Lotufo, Paulo A" uniqKey="Lotufo P" first="Paulo A." last="Lotufo">Paulo A. Lotufo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd" sort="El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd" uniqKey="El Razek H" first="Hassan Magdy Abd" last="El Razek">Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malekzadeh, Reza" sort="Malekzadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Malekzadeh R" first="Reza" last="Malekzadeh">Reza Malekzadeh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazidi, Mohsen" sort="Mazidi, Mohsen" uniqKey="Mazidi M" first="Mohsen" last="Mazidi">Mohsen Mazidi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meier, Toni" sort="Meier, Toni" uniqKey="Meier T" first="Toni" last="Meier">Toni Meier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam" sort="Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam" uniqKey="Meles K" first="Kidanu Gebremariam" last="Meles">Kidanu Gebremariam Meles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mensah, George" sort="Mensah, George" uniqKey="Mensah G" first="George" last="Mensah">George Mensah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff75">National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institutes of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mezgebe, Haftay" sort="Mezgebe, Haftay" uniqKey="Mezgebe H" first="Haftay" last="Mezgebe">Haftay Mezgebe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted" sort="Miller, Ted" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted" last="Miller">Ted Miller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin Mirrakhimov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kirghizistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moran, Andrew E" sort="Moran, Andrew E" uniqKey="Moran A" first="Andrew E." last="Moran">Andrew E. Moran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Columbia University, New York, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff80">University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Science Malaysia, Penang</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narula, Jagat" sort="Narula, Jagat" uniqKey="Narula J" first="Jagat" last="Narula">Jagat Narula</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff81">The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neal, Bruce" sort="Neal, Bruce" uniqKey="Neal B" first="Bruce" last="Neal">Bruce Neal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff82">The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngalesoni, Frida" sort="Ngalesoni, Frida" uniqKey="Ngalesoni F" first="Frida" last="Ngalesoni">Frida Ngalesoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff83">Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Grant" sort="Nguyen, Grant" uniqKey="Nguyen G" first="Grant" last="Nguyen">Grant Nguyen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf" sort="Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf" uniqKey="Obermeyer C" first="Carla Makhlouf" last="Obermeyer">Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff84">American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country>
<wicri:regionArea>American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owolabi, Mayowa" sort="Owolabi, Mayowa" uniqKey="Owolabi M" first="Mayowa" last="Owolabi">Mayowa Owolabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patton, George" sort="Patton, George" uniqKey="Patton G" first="George" last="Patton">George Patton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pedro, Joao" sort="Pedro, Joao" uniqKey="Pedro J" first="João" last="Pedro">João Pedro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff86">University of Porto, Porto, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qato, Dima" sort="Qato, Dima" uniqKey="Qato D" first="Dima" last="Qato">Dima Qato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff87">University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qorbani, Mostafa" sort="Qorbani, Mostafa" uniqKey="Qorbani M" first="Mostafa" last="Qorbani">Mostafa Qorbani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Kazem" sort="Rahimi, Kazem" uniqKey="Rahimi K" first="Kazem" last="Rahimi">Kazem Rahimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" sort="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" uniqKey="Rai R" first="Rajesh Kumar" last="Rai">Rajesh Kumar Rai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff89">Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Birbhum, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Birbhum</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, Antonio" sort="Ribeiro, Antonio" uniqKey="Ribeiro A" first="Antônio" last="Ribeiro">Antônio Ribeiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Safiri, Saeid" sort="Safiri, Saeid" uniqKey="Safiri S" first="Saeid" last="Safiri">Saeid Safiri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salomon, Joshua A" sort="Salomon, Joshua A" uniqKey="Salomon J" first="Joshua A." last="Salomon">Joshua A. Salomon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Boston</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Itamar" sort="Santos, Itamar" uniqKey="Santos I" first="Itamar" last="Santos">Itamar Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena Santric Milicevic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sartorius, Benn" sort="Sartorius, Benn" uniqKey="Sartorius B" first="Benn" last="Sartorius">Benn Sartorius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schutte, Aletta" sort="Schutte, Aletta" uniqKey="Schutte A" first="Aletta" last="Schutte">Aletta Schutte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff93">North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>North-West University, Potchefstroom</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sepanlou, Sadaf" sort="Sepanlou, Sadaf" uniqKey="Sepanlou S" first="Sadaf" last="Sepanlou">Sadaf Sepanlou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff94">Independent Consultant, Islamabad, Pakistan</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Independent Consultant, Islamabad</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff95">Korea University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff96">Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Haramaya University, Dire Dawa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff97">Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff98">University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff99">Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mekelle University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff101">Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff102">Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Topor Madry, Roman" sort="Topor Madry, Roman" uniqKey="Topor Madry R" first="Roman" last="Topor-Madry">Roman Topor-Madry</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Truelsen, Thomas" sort="Truelsen, Thomas" uniqKey="Truelsen T" first="Thomas" last="Truelsen">Thomas Truelsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff104">University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyrovolas, Stefanos" sort="Tyrovolas, Stefanos" uniqKey="Tyrovolas S" first="Stefanos" last="Tyrovolas">Stefanos Tyrovolas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff105">Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna" sort="Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna" uniqKey="Ukwaja K" first="Kingsley Nnanna" last="Ukwaja">Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff106">Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan" sort="Uthman, Olalekan" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan" last="Uthman">Olalekan Uthman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff107">University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Warwick, Coventry</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasankari, Tommi" sort="Vasankari, Tommi" uniqKey="Vasankari T" first="Tommi" last="Vasankari">Tommi Vasankari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff108">UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vlassov, Vasiliy" sort="Vlassov, Vasiliy" uniqKey="Vlassov V" first="Vasiliy" last="Vlassov">Vasiliy Vlassov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff109">National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vollset, Stein Emil" sort="Vollset, Stein Emil" uniqKey="Vollset S" first="Stein Emil" last="Vollset">Stein Emil Vollset</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff110">Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wakayo, Tolassa" sort="Wakayo, Tolassa" uniqKey="Wakayo T" first="Tolassa" last="Wakayo">Tolassa Wakayo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watkins, David" sort="Watkins, David" uniqKey="Watkins D" first="David" last="Watkins">David Watkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weintraub, Robert" sort="Weintraub, Robert" uniqKey="Weintraub R" first="Robert" last="Weintraub">Robert Weintraub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff111">Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Werdecker, Andrea" sort="Werdecker, Andrea" uniqKey="Werdecker A" first="Andrea" last="Werdecker">Andrea Werdecker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff112">Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Westerman, Ronny" sort="Westerman, Ronny" uniqKey="Westerman R" first="Ronny" last="Westerman">Ronny Westerman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff112">Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiysonge, Charles Shey" sort="Wiysonge, Charles Shey" uniqKey="Wiysonge C" first="Charles Shey" last="Wiysonge">Charles Shey Wiysonge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff113">Cochrane South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cochrane South Africa, Tygerberg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolfe, Charles" sort="Wolfe, Charles" uniqKey="Wolfe C" first="Charles" last="Wolfe">Charles Wolfe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff114">King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King’s College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Workicho, Abdulhalik" sort="Workicho, Abdulhalik" uniqKey="Workicho A" first="Abdulhalik" last="Workicho">Abdulhalik Workicho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Gelin" sort="Xu, Gelin" uniqKey="Xu G" first="Gelin" last="Xu">Gelin Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff115">Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yano, Yuichiro" sort="Yano, Yuichiro" uniqKey="Yano Y" first="Yuichiro" last="Yano">Yuichiro Yano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff116">Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Northwestern University, Chicago</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff117">University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff118">Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyoto University, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa" sort="Younis, Mustafa" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa" last="Younis">Mustafa Younis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff119">Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Jackson State University, Jackson</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff120">Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wuhan University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naghavi, Mohsen" sort="Naghavi, Mohsen" uniqKey="Naghavi M" first="Mohsen" last="Naghavi">Mohsen Naghavi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murray, Christopher" sort="Murray, Christopher" uniqKey="Murray C" first="Christopher" last="Murray">Christopher Murray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of the American College of Cardiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0735-1097</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1558-3597</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
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<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Objectives</title>
<p>The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Am Coll Cardiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Am. Coll. Cardiol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">0735-1097</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1558-3597</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Biomedical</publisher-name>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28527533</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5491406</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0735-1097(17)37244-3</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Investigation</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015</article-title>
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<xref rid="aff32" ref-type="aff">ff</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>Leslie</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff33" ref-type="aff">gg</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Criqui</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff34" ref-type="aff">hh</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cundiff</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff35" ref-type="aff">ii</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Damasceno</surname>
<given-names>Albertino</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">jj</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dandona</surname>
<given-names>Lalit</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">kk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dandona</surname>
<given-names>Rakhi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">kk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davletov</surname>
<given-names>Kairat</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff38" ref-type="aff">ll</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dharmaratne</surname>
<given-names>Samath</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff39" ref-type="aff">mm</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dorairaj</surname>
<given-names>Prabhakaran</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, DM, MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff40" ref-type="aff">nn</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dubey</surname>
<given-names>Manisha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPhil</degrees>
<xref rid="aff41" ref-type="aff">oo</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ehrenkranz</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>El Sayed Zaki</surname>
<given-names>Maysaa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">pp</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faraon</surname>
<given-names>Emerito Jose A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff43" ref-type="aff">qq</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Esteghamati</surname>
<given-names>Alireza</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">rr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farid</surname>
<given-names>Talha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff45" ref-type="aff">ss</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farvid</surname>
<given-names>Maryam</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feigin</surname>
<given-names>Valery</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff46" ref-type="aff">tt</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ding</surname>
<given-names>Eric L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>ScD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fowkes</surname>
<given-names>Gerry</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff47" ref-type="aff">uu</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gebrehiwot</surname>
<given-names>Tsegaye</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gillum</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gold</surname>
<given-names>Audra</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gona</surname>
<given-names>Philimon</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff48" ref-type="aff">vv</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gupta</surname>
<given-names>Rajeev</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff49" ref-type="aff">ww</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Habtewold</surname>
<given-names>Tesfa Dejenie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff50" ref-type="aff">xx</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hafezi-Nejad</surname>
<given-names>Nima</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">rr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hailu</surname>
<given-names>Tesfaye</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBA</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hailu</surname>
<given-names>Gessessew Bugssa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hankey</surname>
<given-names>Graeme</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">x</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hassen</surname>
<given-names>Hamid Yimam</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff51" ref-type="aff">yy</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abate</surname>
<given-names>Kalkidan Hassen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Havmoeller</surname>
<given-names>Rasmus</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff25" ref-type="aff">y</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hay</surname>
<given-names>Simon I.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff21" ref-type="aff">u</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Horino</surname>
<given-names>Masako</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff52" ref-type="aff">zz</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hotez</surname>
<given-names>Peter J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff53" ref-type="aff">aaa</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobsen</surname>
<given-names>Kathryn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff54" ref-type="aff">bbb</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>James</surname>
<given-names>Spencer</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff55" ref-type="aff">ccc</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Javanbakht</surname>
<given-names>Mehdi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff56" ref-type="aff">ddd</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeemon</surname>
<given-names>Panniyammakal</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff40" ref-type="aff">nn</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>John</surname>
<given-names>Denny</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBA, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff57" ref-type="aff">eee</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jonas</surname>
<given-names>Jost</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff58" ref-type="aff">fff</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalkonde</surname>
<given-names>Yogeshwar</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff59" ref-type="aff">ggg</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karimkhani</surname>
<given-names>Chante</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff60" ref-type="aff">hhh</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kasaeian</surname>
<given-names>Amir</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">rr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khader</surname>
<given-names>Yousef</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>ShD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">iii</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>Abdur</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff62" ref-type="aff">jjj</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khang</surname>
<given-names>Young-Ho</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff63" ref-type="aff">kkk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khera</surname>
<given-names>Sahil</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff64" ref-type="aff">lll</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khoja</surname>
<given-names>Abdullah T.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBS, MPH, MBA</degrees>
<xref rid="aff65" ref-type="aff">mmm</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khubchandani</surname>
<given-names>Jagdish</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBS, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff66" ref-type="aff">nnn</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DrPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff67" ref-type="aff">ooo</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kolte</surname>
<given-names>Dhaval</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff68" ref-type="aff">ppp</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kosen</surname>
<given-names>Soewarta</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff69" ref-type="aff">qqq</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krohn</surname>
<given-names>Kristopher J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BA</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>G. Anil</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">kk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kwan</surname>
<given-names>Gene F.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff70" ref-type="aff">rrr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lal</surname>
<given-names>Dharmesh Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">kk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Larsson</surname>
<given-names>Anders</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff12" ref-type="aff">l</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linn</surname>
<given-names>Shai</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD MPH, DrPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff71" ref-type="aff">sss</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lopez</surname>
<given-names>Alan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lotufo</surname>
<given-names>Paulo A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DrPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff72" ref-type="aff">ttt</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>El Razek</surname>
<given-names>Hassan Magdy Abd</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBCh</degrees>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">pp</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malekzadeh</surname>
<given-names>Reza</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">rr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazidi</surname>
<given-names>Mohsen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff73" ref-type="aff">uuu</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meier</surname>
<given-names>Toni</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff74" ref-type="aff">vvv</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meles</surname>
<given-names>Kidanu Gebremariam</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mensah</surname>
<given-names>George</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff75" ref-type="aff">www</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meretoja</surname>
<given-names>Atte</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mezgebe</surname>
<given-names>Haftay</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>Ted</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff76" ref-type="aff">xxx</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mirrakhimov</surname>
<given-names>Erkin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff77" ref-type="aff">yyy</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohammed</surname>
<given-names>Shafiu</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff78" ref-type="aff">zzz</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moran</surname>
<given-names>Andrew E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff79" ref-type="aff">aaaa</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musa</surname>
<given-names>Kamarul Imran</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff80" ref-type="aff">bbbb</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narula</surname>
<given-names>Jagat</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff81" ref-type="aff">cccc</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Neal</surname>
<given-names>Bruce</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBChB, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff82" ref-type="aff">dddd</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ngalesoni</surname>
<given-names>Frida</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff83" ref-type="aff">eeee</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>Grant</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Obermeyer</surname>
<given-names>Carla Makhlouf</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff84" ref-type="aff">ffff</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Owolabi</surname>
<given-names>Mayowa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBS, MSc, DMed</degrees>
<xref rid="aff85" ref-type="aff">gggg</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patton</surname>
<given-names>George</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedro</surname>
<given-names>João</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff86" ref-type="aff">hhhh</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qato</surname>
<given-names>Dima</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PharmD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff87" ref-type="aff">iiii</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qorbani</surname>
<given-names>Mostafa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff88" ref-type="aff">jjjj</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahimi</surname>
<given-names>Kazem</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DM</degrees>
<xref rid="aff21" ref-type="aff">u</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rai</surname>
<given-names>Rajesh Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff89" ref-type="aff">kkkk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rawaf</surname>
<given-names>Salman</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff90" ref-type="aff">llll</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>Antônio</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff26" ref-type="aff">z</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Safiri</surname>
<given-names>Saeid</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff91" ref-type="aff">mmmm</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salomon</surname>
<given-names>Joshua A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>Itamar</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff72" ref-type="aff">ttt</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santric Milicevic</surname>
<given-names>Milena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MSc, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">q</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sartorius</surname>
<given-names>Benn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff92" ref-type="aff">nnnn</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schutte</surname>
<given-names>Aletta</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff93" ref-type="aff">oooo</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sepanlou</surname>
<given-names>Sadaf</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">rr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shaikh</surname>
<given-names>Masood Ali</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPH, MA, MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff94" ref-type="aff">pppp</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>Min-Jeong</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff95" ref-type="aff">qqqq</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shishehbor</surname>
<given-names>Mehdi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DO, MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">f</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shore</surname>
<given-names>Hirbo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff96" ref-type="aff">rrrr</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>Diego Augusto Santos</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff97" ref-type="aff">ssss</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sobngwi</surname>
<given-names>Eugene</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MPhil, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff98" ref-type="aff">tttt</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stranges</surname>
<given-names>Saverio</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff99" ref-type="aff">uuuu</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swaminathan</surname>
<given-names>Soumya</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff100" ref-type="aff">vvvv</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabarés-Seisdedos</surname>
<given-names>Rafael</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff29" ref-type="aff">cc</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tadele Atnafu</surname>
<given-names>Niguse</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff51" ref-type="aff">yy</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>Fisaha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thakur</surname>
<given-names>J.S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff101" ref-type="aff">wwww</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thrift</surname>
<given-names>Amanda</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff102" ref-type="aff">xxxx</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Topor-Madry</surname>
<given-names>Roman</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff103" ref-type="aff">yyyy</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Truelsen</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD, DMSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff104" ref-type="aff">zzzz</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tyrovolas</surname>
<given-names>Stefanos</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff105" ref-type="aff">aaaaa</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ukwaja</surname>
<given-names>Kingsley Nnanna</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff106" ref-type="aff">bbbbb</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uthman</surname>
<given-names>Olalekan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff107" ref-type="aff">ccccc</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vasankari</surname>
<given-names>Tommi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff108" ref-type="aff">ddddd</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vlassov</surname>
<given-names>Vasiliy</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff109" ref-type="aff">eeeee</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vollset</surname>
<given-names>Stein Emil</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DrPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff110" ref-type="aff">fffff</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wakayo</surname>
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<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watkins</surname>
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<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weintraub</surname>
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</name>
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<xref rid="aff111" ref-type="aff">ggggg</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Werdecker</surname>
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</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff112" ref-type="aff">hhhhh</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Westerman</surname>
<given-names>Ronny</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff112" ref-type="aff">hhhhh</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wiysonge</surname>
<given-names>Charles Shey</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff113" ref-type="aff">iiiii</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolfe</surname>
<given-names>Charles</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff114" ref-type="aff">jjjjj</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Workicho</surname>
<given-names>Abdulhalik</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Gelin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff115" ref-type="aff">kkkkk</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yano</surname>
<given-names>Yuichiro</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff116" ref-type="aff">lllll</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yip</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff117" ref-type="aff">mmmmm</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yonemoto</surname>
<given-names>Naohiro</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff118" ref-type="aff">nnnnn</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Younis</surname>
<given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DhPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff119" ref-type="aff">ooooo</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Chuanhua</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff120" ref-type="aff">ppppp</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vos</surname>
<given-names>Theo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naghavi</surname>
<given-names>Mohsen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murray</surname>
<given-names>Christopher</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DPhil</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>
Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>g</label>
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>h</label>
University of Lorraine, Nancy, France</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>i</label>
Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>j</label>
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>k</label>
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>l</label>
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>m</label>
Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>n</label>
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>o</label>
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><label>p</label>
University College London, London, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><label>q</label>
University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><label>r</label>
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><label>s</label>
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><label>t</label>
College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><label>u</label>
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff22"><label>v</label>
Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan</aff>
<aff id="aff23"><label>w</label>
Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff24"><label>x</label>
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff25"><label>y</label>
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff26"><label>z</label>
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="aff27"><label>aa</label>
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia</aff>
<aff id="aff28"><label>bb</label>
Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica</aff>
<aff id="aff29"><label>cc</label>
University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff30"><label>dd</label>
Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea</aff>
<aff id="aff31"><label>ee</label>
Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="aff32"><label>ff</label>
University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff33"><label>gg</label>
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</aff>
<aff id="aff34"><label>hh</label>
University of California, San Diego, California</aff>
<aff id="aff35"><label>ii</label>
Long Beach, California</aff>
<aff id="aff36"><label>jj</label>
Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique</aff>
<aff id="aff37"><label>kk</label>
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</aff>
<aff id="aff38"><label>ll</label>
Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan</aff>
<aff id="aff39"><label>mm</label>
University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka</aff>
<aff id="aff40"><label>nn</label>
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India</aff>
<aff id="aff41"><label>oo</label>
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India</aff>
<aff id="aff42"><label>pp</label>
Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</aff>
<aff id="aff43"><label>qq</label>
University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines</aff>
<aff id="aff44"><label>rr</label>
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff45"><label>ss</label>
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</aff>
<aff id="aff46"><label>tt</label>
Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="aff47"><label>uu</label>
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff48"><label>vv</label>
University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts</aff>
<aff id="aff49"><label>ww</label>
Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur, India</aff>
<aff id="aff50"><label>xx</label>
University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="aff51"><label>yy</label>
Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff52"><label>zz</label>
Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada</aff>
<aff id="aff53"><label>aaa</label>
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</aff>
<aff id="aff54"><label>bbb</label>
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia</aff>
<aff id="aff55"><label>ccc</label>
Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado</aff>
<aff id="aff56"><label>ddd</label>
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff57"><label>eee</label>
International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India</aff>
<aff id="aff58"><label>fff</label>
Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff59"><label>ggg</label>
Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India</aff>
<aff id="aff60"><label>hhh</label>
Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio</aff>
<aff id="aff61"><label>iii</label>
Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan</aff>
<aff id="aff62"><label>jjj</label>
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky</aff>
<aff id="aff63"><label>kkk</label>
Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea</aff>
<aff id="aff64"><label>lll</label>
New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York</aff>
<aff id="aff65"><label>mmm</label>
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="aff66"><label>nnn</label>
Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana</aff>
<aff id="aff67"><label>ooo</label>
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts</aff>
<aff id="aff68"><label>ppp</label>
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</aff>
<aff id="aff69"><label>qqq</label>
Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff>
<aff id="aff70"><label>rrr</label>
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</aff>
<aff id="aff71"><label>sss</label>
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel</aff>
<aff id="aff72"><label>ttt</label>
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="aff73"><label>uuu</label>
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="aff74"><label>vvv</label>
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff75"><label>www</label>
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</aff>
<aff id="aff76"><label>xxx</label>
Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland</aff>
<aff id="aff77"><label>yyy</label>
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</aff>
<aff id="aff78"><label>zzz</label>
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff79"><label>aaaa</label>
Columbia University, New York, New York</aff>
<aff id="aff80"><label>bbbb</label>
University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia</aff>
<aff id="aff81"><label>cccc</label>
The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York</aff>
<aff id="aff82"><label>dddd</label>
The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff83"><label>eeee</label>
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</aff>
<aff id="aff84"><label>ffff</label>
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon</aff>
<aff id="aff85"><label>gggg</label>
College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff86"><label>hhhh</label>
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal</aff>
<aff id="aff87"><label>iiii</label>
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</aff>
<aff id="aff88"><label>jjjj</label>
Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff89"><label>kkkk</label>
Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Birbhum, India</aff>
<aff id="aff90"><label>llll</label>
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff91"><label>mmmm</label>
Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff92"><label>nnnn</label>
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff93"><label>oooo</label>
North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff94"><label>pppp</label>
Independent Consultant, Islamabad, Pakistan</aff>
<aff id="aff95"><label>qqqq</label>
Korea University, Seoul, South Korea</aff>
<aff id="aff96"><label>rrrr</label>
Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff97"><label>ssss</label>
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="aff98"><label>tttt</label>
University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon</aff>
<aff id="aff99"><label>uuuu</label>
Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg</aff>
<aff id="aff100"><label>vvvv</label>
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India</aff>
<aff id="aff101"><label>wwww</label>
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</aff>
<aff id="aff102"><label>xxxx</label>
Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff103"><label>yyyy</label>
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland</aff>
<aff id="aff104"><label>zzzz</label>
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="aff105"><label>aaaaa</label>
Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff106"><label>bbbbb</label>
Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff107"><label>ccccc</label>
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff108"><label>ddddd</label>
UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland</aff>
<aff id="aff109"><label>eeeee</label>
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia</aff>
<aff id="aff110"><label>fffff</label>
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</aff>
<aff id="aff111"><label>ggggg</label>
Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff112"><label>hhhhh</label>
Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff113"><label>iiiii</label>
Cochrane South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff114"><label>jjjjj</label>
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff115"><label>kkkkk</label>
Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China</aff>
<aff id="aff116"><label>lllll</label>
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois</aff>
<aff id="aff117"><label>mmmmm</label>
University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</aff>
<aff id="aff118"><label>nnnnn</label>
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff119"><label>ooooo</label>
Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi</aff>
<aff id="aff120"><label>ppppp</label>
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>
<bold>Address for correspondence:</bold>
Dr. Gregory A. Roth, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, Washington 98121.Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600SeattleWashington 98121 <email>rothg@uw.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>04</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>04</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>8</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>19</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 The Authors</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
<license license-type="CC BY" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="abs0010"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Objectives</title>
<p>The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="graphical" id="abs0015"><title>Central Illustration</title>
<fig id="undfig1" position="anchor"><graphic xlink:href="fx1"></graphic>
</fig>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="kwrds0010"><title>Key Words</title>
<kwd>cause of death</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiology</kwd>
<kwd>global health</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group id="kwrds0015"><title>Abbreviations and Acronyms</title>
<kwd>CVD, cardiovascular disease</kwd>
<kwd>DALY, disability-adjusted life-year</kwd>
<kwd>IHD, ischemic heart disease</kwd>
<kwd>PAD, peripheral arterial disease</kwd>
<kwd>RHD, rheumatic heart disease</kwd>
<kwd>SDI, sociodemographic index</kwd>
<kwd>UI, uncertainty interval</kwd>
<kwd>YLD, years lived with disability</kwd>
<kwd>YLL, years of life lost</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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