Balance in Virtual Reality: Effect of Age and Bilateral Vestibular Loss
Identifieur interne : 002354 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002353; suivant : 002355Balance in Virtual Reality: Effect of Age and Bilateral Vestibular Loss
Auteurs : Elodie Chiarovano [Australie, France] ; Wei Wang [France, République populaire de Chine] ; Stephen J. Rogers [Australie] ; Hamish G. Macdougall [Australie] ; Ian S. Curthoys [Australie] ; Catherine De Waele [France]Source :
- Frontiers in Neurology [ 1664-2295 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Quantitative balance measurement is used in clinical practice to prevent falls. The conditions of the test were limited to eyes open, eyes closed, and sway-referenced vision. We developed a new visual perturbation to challenge balance using virtual reality (VR), measuring postural stability by a Wii Balance Board (WBB).
In this study, we recorded balance performance of 116 healthy subjects and of 10 bilateral vestibular loss patients using VR to assess the effect of age and the effect of total loss of vestibular function. We used several conditions: eyes open (normal visual inputs), eyes closed (no visual inputs), stable visual world (vision referenced), and perturbed visual world (visual perturbation) at different amplitudes of perturbation. Balance under these visual conditions was assessed on the WBB (stable support surface) and on the WBB plus foam rubber (unstable support surface).
In healthy subjects, we found that the percentage of falls increased with age and with the amplitude of perturbation for both conditions: WBB or WBB + foam. Moreover, we can define a threshold for falls in each age group as the amplitude of perturbation which induced falls. For bilateral vestibular loss patients, on the WBB + foam, all of them failed with eyes closed and with perturbed visual world even at the minimal amplitude of perturbation. Finally, we observed that stable visual world induced fewer falls than eyes closed whatever the subject’s group (healthy or bilateral vestibular loss) and whatever the age decade.
VR allowed us to develop a useful new tool with a wide range of visual perturbations. Rather than only two levels of visual condition (eyes open and eyes closed), the VR stimulus can be continuously adjusted to produce a visual perturbation powerful enough to induce falls even in young healthy subjects and which has allowed us to determine a threshold for falls.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00005
PubMed: 28163693
PubMed Central: 5247457
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Rogers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Psychology, University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line>Sydney, NSW</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macdougall, Hamish G" sort="Macdougall, Hamish G" uniqKey="Macdougall H" first="Hamish G." last="Macdougall">Hamish G. Macdougall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Psychology, University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line>Sydney, NSW</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curthoys, Ian S" sort="Curthoys, Ian S" uniqKey="Curthoys I" first="Ian S." last="Curthoys">Ian S. Curthoys</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Psychology, University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line>Sydney, NSW</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waele, Catherine" sort="De Waele, Catherine" uniqKey="De Waele C" first="Catherine" last="De Waele">Catherine De Waele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Cognition and Action Group, CNRS UMR8257, University of Paris Descartes</institution>,<addr-line>Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, ENT Department</institution>,<addr-line>Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Neurology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-2295</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="ST1"><title>Background</title><p>Quantitative balance measurement is used in clinical practice to prevent falls. The conditions of the test were limited to eyes open, eyes closed, and sway-referenced vision. We developed a new visual perturbation to challenge balance using virtual reality (VR), measuring postural stability by a Wii Balance Board (WBB).</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Methods</title><p>In this study, we recorded balance performance of 116 healthy subjects and of 10 bilateral vestibular loss patients using VR to assess the effect of age and the effect of total loss of vestibular function. We used several conditions: eyes open (normal visual inputs), eyes closed (no visual inputs), stable visual world (vision referenced), and perturbed visual world (visual perturbation) at different amplitudes of perturbation. Balance under these visual conditions was assessed on the WBB (stable support surface) and on the WBB plus foam rubber (unstable support surface).</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>In healthy subjects, we found that the percentage of falls increased with age and with the amplitude of perturbation for both conditions: WBB or WBB + foam. Moreover, we can define a threshold for falls in each age group as the amplitude of perturbation which induced falls. For bilateral vestibular loss patients, on the WBB + foam, all of them failed with eyes closed and with perturbed visual world even at the minimal amplitude of perturbation. Finally, we observed that stable visual world induced fewer falls than eyes closed whatever the subject’s group (healthy or bilateral vestibular loss) and whatever the age decade.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>VR allowed us to develop a useful new tool with a wide range of visual perturbations. Rather than only two levels of visual condition (eyes open and eyes closed), the VR stimulus can be continuously adjusted to produce a visual perturbation powerful enough to induce falls even in young healthy subjects and which has allowed us to determine a threshold for falls.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piirtola, M" uniqKey="Piirtola M">M Piirtola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Era, P" uniqKey="Era P">P Era</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nashner, Lm" uniqKey="Nashner L">LM Nashner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goble, Dj" uniqKey="Goble D">DJ Goble</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cone, Bl" uniqKey="Cone B">BL Cone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fling, Bw" uniqKey="Fling B">BW Fling</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiarovano, E" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Neurol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Neurol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Neurol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Neurology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-2295</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28163693</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5247457</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fneur.2017.00005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Balance in Virtual Reality: Effect of Age and Bilateral Vestibular Loss</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chiarovano</surname><given-names>Elodie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://frontiersin.org/people/u/243489"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Wei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://frontiersin.org/people/u/381840"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rogers</surname><given-names>Stephen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://frontiersin.org/people/u/381792"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MacDougall</surname><given-names>Hamish G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Curthoys</surname><given-names>Ian S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://frontiersin.org/people/u/19449"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Waele</surname><given-names>Catherine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://frontiersin.org/people/u/105921"></uri></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>School of Psychology, University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line>Sydney, NSW</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Cognition and Action Group, CNRS UMR8257, University of Paris Descartes</institution>,<addr-line>Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup><institution>University of Hangzhou Dianzi</institution>,<addr-line>Hangzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup><institution>Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, ENT Department</institution>,<addr-line>Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Herman Kingma, Maastricht University, Netherlands</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Sergei B. Yakushin, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Thomas Haslwanter, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Austria</p></fn><corresp content-type="corresp" id="cor1">*Correspondence: Elodie Chiarovano, <email>elodie.chiarovano@sydney.edu.au</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neuro-otology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neurology</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><elocation-id>5</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>05</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 Chiarovano, Wang, Rogers, MacDougall, Curthoys and de Waele.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Chiarovano, Wang, Rogers, MacDougall, Curthoys and de Waele</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><sec id="ST1"><title>Background</title><p>Quantitative balance measurement is used in clinical practice to prevent falls. The conditions of the test were limited to eyes open, eyes closed, and sway-referenced vision. We developed a new visual perturbation to challenge balance using virtual reality (VR), measuring postural stability by a Wii Balance Board (WBB).</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Methods</title><p>In this study, we recorded balance performance of 116 healthy subjects and of 10 bilateral vestibular loss patients using VR to assess the effect of age and the effect of total loss of vestibular function. We used several conditions: eyes open (normal visual inputs), eyes closed (no visual inputs), stable visual world (vision referenced), and perturbed visual world (visual perturbation) at different amplitudes of perturbation. Balance under these visual conditions was assessed on the WBB (stable support surface) and on the WBB plus foam rubber (unstable support surface).</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>In healthy subjects, we found that the percentage of falls increased with age and with the amplitude of perturbation for both conditions: WBB or WBB + foam. Moreover, we can define a threshold for falls in each age group as the amplitude of perturbation which induced falls. For bilateral vestibular loss patients, on the WBB + foam, all of them failed with eyes closed and with perturbed visual world even at the minimal amplitude of perturbation. Finally, we observed that stable visual world induced fewer falls than eyes closed whatever the subject’s group (healthy or bilateral vestibular loss) and whatever the age decade.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>VR allowed us to develop a useful new tool with a wide range of visual perturbations. Rather than only two levels of visual condition (eyes open and eyes closed), the VR stimulus can be continuously adjusted to produce a visual perturbation powerful enough to induce falls even in young healthy subjects and which has allowed us to determine a threshold for falls.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Wii Balance Board</kwd><kwd>bilateral areflexia</kwd><kwd>iPod Touch</kwd><kwd>visual distractor</kwd><kwd>visual perturbation</kwd><kwd>foam rubber</kwd><kwd>BalanceRite</kwd><kwd>postural stability</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="7"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="29"></ref-count><page-count count="8"></page-count><word-count count="4646"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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