Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Identifieur interne : 002273 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002272; suivant : 002274Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Auteurs : Tove Fall [Suède] ; Sara H Gg [Suède] ; Alexander Ploner [Suède] ; Reedik M Gi [Estonie] ; Krista Fischer [Estonie] ; Harmen H. M. Draisma [Pays-Bas] ; Antti-Pekka Sarin [Finlande] ; Beben Benyamin [Australie] ; Claes Ladenvall [Suède] ; Mikael Kerlund [Suède] ; Mart Kals [Estonie] ; T Nu Esko [Estonie, États-Unis] ; Christopher P. Nelson [Royaume-Uni] ; Marika Kaakinen [Finlande] ; Ville Huikari [Finlande] ; Massimo Mangino [Royaume-Uni] ; Aline Meirhaeghe [France] ; Kati Kristiansson [Finlande] ; Marja-Liisa Nuotio [Finlande] ; Michael Kobl [Allemagne] ; Harald Grallert [Allemagne] ; Abbas Dehghan [Pays-Bas] ; Maris Kuningas [Pays-Bas] ; Paul S. De Vries [Pays-Bas] ; Renée F. A. G. De Bruijn [Pays-Bas] ; Sara M. Willems [Pays-Bas] ; Kauko Heikkil [Finlande] ; Karri Silventoinen [Finlande] ; Kirsi H. Pietil Inen [Finlande] ; Vanessa Legry [France] ; Vilmantas Giedraitis [Suède] ; Louisa Goumidi [France] ; Ann-Christine Syv Nen [Suède] ; Konstantin Strauch [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang Koenig [Allemagne] ; Peter Lichtner [Allemagne] ; Christian Herder [Allemagne] ; Aarno Palotie [Finlande, États-Unis] ; Cristina Menni [Royaume-Uni] ; André G. Uitterlinden [Pays-Bas] ; Kari Kuulasmaa [Finlande] ; Aki S. Havulinna [Finlande] ; Luis A. Moreno [Espagne] ; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross [Espagne] ; Alun Evans [Royaume-Uni] ; David-Alexandre Tregouet [France] ; John W. G. Yarnell [Royaume-Uni] ; Jarmo Virtamo [Finlande] ; Jean Ferrières [France] ; Giovanni Veronesi [Italie] ; Markus Perola [Finlande] ; Dominique Arveiler [France] ; Paolo Brambilla [Italie] ; Lars Lind [Suède] ; Jaakko Kaprio [Finlande] ; Albert Hofman [Pays-Bas] ; Bruno H. Stricker [Pays-Bas] ; Cornelia M. Van Duijn [Pays-Bas] ; M. Arfan Ikram [Pays-Bas] ; Oscar H. Franco [Pays-Bas] ; Dominique Cottel [France] ; Jean Dallongeville [France] ; Alistair S. Hall [Royaume-Uni] ; Antti Jula [Finlande] ; Martin D. Tobin [Royaume-Uni] ; Brenda W. Penninx [Pays-Bas] ; Annette Peters [Allemagne] ; Christian Gieger [Allemagne] ; Nilesh J. Samani [Royaume-Uni] ; Grant W. Montgomery [Australie] ; John B. Whitfield [Australie] ; Nicholas G. Martin [Australie] ; Leif Groop [Finlande, Suède] ; Tim D. Spector [Royaume-Uni] ; Patrik K. Magnusson [Suède] ; Philippe Amouyel [France] ; Dorret I. Boomsma [Pays-Bas] ; Peter M. Nilsson [Suède] ; Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin [Finlande, Royaume-Uni] ; Valeriya Lyssenko [Suède, Danemark] ; Andres Metspalu [Estonie] ; David P. Strachan [Royaume-Uni] ; Veikko Salomaa [Finlande] ; Samuli Ripatti [Finlande, Royaume-Uni] ; Nancy L. Pedersen [Suède] ; Inga Prokopenko [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark I. Mccarthy [Royaume-Uni] ; Erik Ingelsson [Suède, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Diabetes [ 0012-1797 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (
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DOI: 10.2337/db14-0988
PubMed: 25712996
PubMed Central: 4407863
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André G. Uitterlinden<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors</title><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="H Gg, Sara" sort="H Gg, Sara" uniqKey="H Gg S" first="Sara" last="H Gg">Sara H Gg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ploner, Alexander" sort="Ploner, Alexander" uniqKey="Ploner A" first="Alexander" last="Ploner">Alexander Ploner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Draisma, Harmen H M" sort="Draisma, Harmen H M" uniqKey="Draisma H" first="Harmen H. M." last="Draisma">Harmen H. M. Draisma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarin, Antti Pekka" sort="Sarin, Antti Pekka" uniqKey="Sarin A" first="Antti-Pekka" last="Sarin">Antti-Pekka Sarin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benyamin, Beben" sort="Benyamin, Beben" uniqKey="Benyamin B" first="Beben" last="Benyamin">Beben Benyamin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ladenvall, Claes" sort="Ladenvall, Claes" uniqKey="Ladenvall C" first="Claes" last="Ladenvall">Claes Ladenvall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Kerlund, Mikael" sort=" Kerlund, Mikael" uniqKey=" Kerlund M" first="Mikael" last=" Kerlund">Mikael Kerlund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kals, Mart" sort="Kals, Mart" uniqKey="Kals M" first="Mart" last="Kals">Mart Kals</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Christopher P" sort="Nelson, Christopher P" uniqKey="Nelson C" first="Christopher P." last="Nelson">Christopher P. Nelson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huikari, Ville" sort="Huikari, Ville" uniqKey="Huikari V" first="Ville" last="Huikari">Ville Huikari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meirhaeghe, Aline" sort="Meirhaeghe, Aline" uniqKey="Meirhaeghe A" first="Aline" last="Meirhaeghe">Aline Meirhaeghe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nuotio, Marja Liisa" sort="Nuotio, Marja Liisa" uniqKey="Nuotio M" first="Marja-Liisa" last="Nuotio">Marja-Liisa Nuotio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobl, Michael" sort="Kobl, Michael" uniqKey="Kobl M" first="Michael" last="Kobl">Michael Kobl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuningas, Maris" sort="Kuningas, Maris" uniqKey="Kuningas M" first="Maris" last="Kuningas">Maris Kuningas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, Paul S" sort="De Vries, Paul S" uniqKey="De Vries P" first="Paul S." last="De Vries">Paul S. De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruijn, Renee F A G" sort="De Bruijn, Renee F A G" uniqKey="De Bruijn R" first="Renée F. A. G." last="De Bruijn">Renée F. A. G. De Bruijn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willems, Sara M" sort="Willems, Sara M" uniqKey="Willems S" first="Sara M." last="Willems">Sara M. Willems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heikkil, Kauko" sort="Heikkil, Kauko" uniqKey="Heikkil K" first="Kauko" last="Heikkil">Kauko Heikkil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silventoinen, Karri" sort="Silventoinen, Karri" uniqKey="Silventoinen K" first="Karri" last="Silventoinen">Karri Silventoinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietil Inen, Kirsi H" sort="Pietil Inen, Kirsi H" uniqKey="Pietil Inen K" first="Kirsi H." last="Pietil Inen">Kirsi H. Pietil Inen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legry, Vanessa" sort="Legry, Vanessa" uniqKey="Legry V" first="Vanessa" last="Legry">Vanessa Legry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" sort="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" uniqKey="Giedraitis V" first="Vilmantas" last="Giedraitis">Vilmantas Giedraitis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goumidi, Louisa" sort="Goumidi, Louisa" uniqKey="Goumidi L" first="Louisa" last="Goumidi">Louisa Goumidi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Wolfgang" sort="Koenig, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Koenig W" first="Wolfgang" last="Koenig">Wolfgang Koenig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuulasmaa, Kari" sort="Kuulasmaa, Kari" uniqKey="Kuulasmaa K" first="Kari" last="Kuulasmaa">Kari Kuulasmaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Luis A" sort="Moreno, Luis A" uniqKey="Moreno L" first="Luis A." last="Moreno">Luis A. Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41">Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Gross, Marcela" sort="Gonzalez Gross, Marcela" uniqKey="Gonzalez Gross M" first="Marcela" last="Gonzalez-Gross">Marcela Gonzalez-Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Alun" sort="Evans, Alun" uniqKey="Evans A" first="Alun" last="Evans">Alun Evans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tregouet, David Alexandre" sort="Tregouet, David Alexandre" uniqKey="Tregouet D" first="David-Alexandre" last="Tregouet">David-Alexandre Tregouet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45">Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarnell, John W G" sort="Yarnell, John W G" uniqKey="Yarnell J" first="John W. G." last="Yarnell">John W. G. Yarnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veronesi, Giovanni" sort="Veronesi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Veronesi G" first="Giovanni" last="Veronesi">Giovanni Veronesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stricker, Bruno H" sort="Stricker, Bruno H" uniqKey="Stricker B" first="Bruno H." last="Stricker">Bruno H. Stricker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M. Arfan" last="Ikram">M. Arfan Ikram</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar H" sort="Franco, Oscar H" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar H." last="Franco">Oscar H. Franco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cottel, Dominique" sort="Cottel, Dominique" uniqKey="Cottel D" first="Dominique" last="Cottel">Dominique Cottel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dallongeville, Jean" sort="Dallongeville, Jean" uniqKey="Dallongeville J" first="Jean" last="Dallongeville">Jean Dallongeville</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Alistair S" sort="Hall, Alistair S" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Alistair S." last="Hall">Alistair S. Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tobin, Martin D" sort="Tobin, Martin D" uniqKey="Tobin M" first="Martin D." last="Tobin">Martin D. Tobin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff54">Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W." last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J." last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. Magnusson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amouyel, Philippe" sort="Amouyel, Philippe" uniqKey="Amouyel P" first="Philippe" last="Amouyel">Philippe Amouyel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nilsson, Peter M" sort="Nilsson, Peter M" uniqKey="Nilsson P" first="Peter M." last="Nilsson">Peter M. Nilsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61">St. George's, University of London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>St. George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25712996</idno><idno type="pmc">4407863</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407863</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4407863</idno><idno type="doi">10.2337/db14-0988</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002423</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002423</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002273</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002273</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors</title><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="H Gg, Sara" sort="H Gg, Sara" uniqKey="H Gg S" first="Sara" last="H Gg">Sara H Gg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ploner, Alexander" sort="Ploner, Alexander" uniqKey="Ploner A" first="Alexander" last="Ploner">Alexander Ploner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Draisma, Harmen H M" sort="Draisma, Harmen H M" uniqKey="Draisma H" first="Harmen H. M." last="Draisma">Harmen H. M. Draisma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarin, Antti Pekka" sort="Sarin, Antti Pekka" uniqKey="Sarin A" first="Antti-Pekka" last="Sarin">Antti-Pekka Sarin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benyamin, Beben" sort="Benyamin, Beben" uniqKey="Benyamin B" first="Beben" last="Benyamin">Beben Benyamin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ladenvall, Claes" sort="Ladenvall, Claes" uniqKey="Ladenvall C" first="Claes" last="Ladenvall">Claes Ladenvall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Kerlund, Mikael" sort=" Kerlund, Mikael" uniqKey=" Kerlund M" first="Mikael" last=" Kerlund">Mikael Kerlund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kals, Mart" sort="Kals, Mart" uniqKey="Kals M" first="Mart" last="Kals">Mart Kals</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Christopher P" sort="Nelson, Christopher P" uniqKey="Nelson C" first="Christopher P." last="Nelson">Christopher P. Nelson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huikari, Ville" sort="Huikari, Ville" uniqKey="Huikari V" first="Ville" last="Huikari">Ville Huikari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meirhaeghe, Aline" sort="Meirhaeghe, Aline" uniqKey="Meirhaeghe A" first="Aline" last="Meirhaeghe">Aline Meirhaeghe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nuotio, Marja Liisa" sort="Nuotio, Marja Liisa" uniqKey="Nuotio M" first="Marja-Liisa" last="Nuotio">Marja-Liisa Nuotio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kobl, Michael" sort="Kobl, Michael" uniqKey="Kobl M" first="Michael" last="Kobl">Michael Kobl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuningas, Maris" sort="Kuningas, Maris" uniqKey="Kuningas M" first="Maris" last="Kuningas">Maris Kuningas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, Paul S" sort="De Vries, Paul S" uniqKey="De Vries P" first="Paul S." last="De Vries">Paul S. De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruijn, Renee F A G" sort="De Bruijn, Renee F A G" uniqKey="De Bruijn R" first="Renée F. A. G." last="De Bruijn">Renée F. A. G. De Bruijn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willems, Sara M" sort="Willems, Sara M" uniqKey="Willems S" first="Sara M." last="Willems">Sara M. Willems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heikkil, Kauko" sort="Heikkil, Kauko" uniqKey="Heikkil K" first="Kauko" last="Heikkil">Kauko Heikkil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silventoinen, Karri" sort="Silventoinen, Karri" uniqKey="Silventoinen K" first="Karri" last="Silventoinen">Karri Silventoinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietil Inen, Kirsi H" sort="Pietil Inen, Kirsi H" uniqKey="Pietil Inen K" first="Kirsi H." last="Pietil Inen">Kirsi H. Pietil Inen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legry, Vanessa" sort="Legry, Vanessa" uniqKey="Legry V" first="Vanessa" last="Legry">Vanessa Legry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" sort="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" uniqKey="Giedraitis V" first="Vilmantas" last="Giedraitis">Vilmantas Giedraitis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goumidi, Louisa" sort="Goumidi, Louisa" uniqKey="Goumidi L" first="Louisa" last="Goumidi">Louisa Goumidi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, Wolfgang" sort="Koenig, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Koenig W" first="Wolfgang" last="Koenig">Wolfgang Koenig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuulasmaa, Kari" sort="Kuulasmaa, Kari" uniqKey="Kuulasmaa K" first="Kari" last="Kuulasmaa">Kari Kuulasmaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Luis A" sort="Moreno, Luis A" uniqKey="Moreno L" first="Luis A." last="Moreno">Luis A. Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41">Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Gross, Marcela" sort="Gonzalez Gross, Marcela" uniqKey="Gonzalez Gross M" first="Marcela" last="Gonzalez-Gross">Marcela Gonzalez-Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Alun" sort="Evans, Alun" uniqKey="Evans A" first="Alun" last="Evans">Alun Evans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tregouet, David Alexandre" sort="Tregouet, David Alexandre" uniqKey="Tregouet D" first="David-Alexandre" last="Tregouet">David-Alexandre Tregouet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45">Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarnell, John W G" sort="Yarnell, John W G" uniqKey="Yarnell J" first="John W. G." last="Yarnell">John W. G. Yarnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veronesi, Giovanni" sort="Veronesi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Veronesi G" first="Giovanni" last="Veronesi">Giovanni Veronesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stricker, Bruno H" sort="Stricker, Bruno H" uniqKey="Stricker B" first="Bruno H." last="Stricker">Bruno H. Stricker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">the Netherland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M. Arfan" last="Ikram">M. Arfan Ikram</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar H" sort="Franco, Oscar H" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar H." last="Franco">Oscar H. Franco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cottel, Dominique" sort="Cottel, Dominique" uniqKey="Cottel D" first="Dominique" last="Cottel">Dominique Cottel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dallongeville, Jean" sort="Dallongeville, Jean" uniqKey="Dallongeville J" first="Jean" last="Dallongeville">Jean Dallongeville</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Alistair S" sort="Hall, Alistair S" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Alistair S." last="Hall">Alistair S. Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tobin, Martin D" sort="Tobin, Martin D" uniqKey="Tobin M" first="Martin D." last="Tobin">Martin D. Tobin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff54">Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W." last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J." last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. Magnusson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amouyel, Philippe" sort="Amouyel, Philippe" uniqKey="Amouyel P" first="Philippe" last="Amouyel">Philippe Amouyel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nilsson, Peter M" sort="Nilsson, Peter M" uniqKey="Nilsson P" first="Peter M." last="Nilsson">Peter M. Nilsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61">St. George's, University of London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>St. George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Diabetes</title><idno type="ISSN">0012-1797</idno><idno type="eISSN">1939-327X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (<italic>P</italic> = 2.8 × 10<sup>−107</sup>) and stratified analyses (all <italic>P</italic> < 3.3 × 10<sup>−30</sup>). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (<italic>P</italic> for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gersh, Bj" uniqKey="Gersh B">BJ Gersh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sliwa, K" uniqKey="Sliwa K">K Sliwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayosi, Bm" uniqKey="Mayosi B">BM Mayosi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yusuf, S" uniqKey="Yusuf S">S Yusuf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wenger, Nk" uniqKey="Wenger N">NK Wenger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anand, Ss" uniqKey="Anand S">SS Anand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, S" uniqKey="Islam S">S Islam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosengren, A" uniqKey="Rosengren A">A 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Diabetes</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Diabetes</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">diabetes</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">diabetes</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Diabetes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Diabetes</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0012-1797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1939-327X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Diabetes Association</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25712996</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4407863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2337/db14-0988</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Genetics/Genomes/Proteomics/Metabolomics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fall</surname><given-names>Tove</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hägg</surname><given-names>Sara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ploner</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mägi</surname><given-names>Reedik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>Krista</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Draisma</surname><given-names>Harmen H.M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarin</surname><given-names>Antti-Pekka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benyamin</surname><given-names>Beben</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ladenvall</surname><given-names>Claes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Åkerlund</surname><given-names>Mikael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kals</surname><given-names>Mart</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Esko</surname><given-names>Tõnu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nelson</surname><given-names>Christopher P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>16</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaakinen</surname><given-names>Marika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>17</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huikari</surname><given-names>Ville</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>18</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mangino</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meirhaeghe</surname><given-names>Aline</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kristiansson</surname><given-names>Kati</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nuotio</surname><given-names>Marja-Liisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kobl</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>22</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grallert</surname><given-names>Harald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>23</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>24</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dehghan</surname><given-names>Abbas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuningas</surname><given-names>Maris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>27</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Vries</surname><given-names>Paul S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Bruijn</surname><given-names>Renée F.A.G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willems</surname><given-names>Sara M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heikkilä</surname><given-names>Kauko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29"><sup>29</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silventoinen</surname><given-names>Karri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30"><sup>30</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pietiläinen</surname><given-names>Kirsi H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31"><sup>31</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32"><sup>32</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Legry</surname><given-names>Vanessa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giedraitis</surname><given-names>Vilmantas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33"><sup>33</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goumidi</surname><given-names>Louisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Syvänen</surname><given-names>Ann-Christine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strauch</surname><given-names>Konstantin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>22</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35"><sup>35</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koenig</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36"><sup>36</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lichtner</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37"><sup>37</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Herder</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38"><sup>38</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39"><sup>39</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palotie</surname><given-names>Aarno</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menni</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname><given-names>André G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40"><sup>40</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuulasmaa</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Havulinna</surname><given-names>Aki S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno</surname><given-names>Luis A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41"><sup>41</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gonzalez-Gross</surname><given-names>Marcela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42"><sup>42</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>Alun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43"><sup>43</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tregouet</surname><given-names>David-Alexandre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44"><sup>44</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45"><sup>45</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yarnell</surname><given-names>John W.G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43"><sup>43</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Virtamo</surname><given-names>Jarmo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferrières</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff47"><sup>47</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Veronesi</surname><given-names>Giovanni</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff48"><sup>48</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perola</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arveiler</surname><given-names>Dominique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff49"><sup>49</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brambilla</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff50"><sup>50</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lind</surname><given-names>Lars</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaprio</surname><given-names>Jaakko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29"><sup>29</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff51"><sup>51</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofman</surname><given-names>Albert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stricker</surname><given-names>Bruno H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>27</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40"><sup>40</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname><given-names>Cornelia M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ikram</surname><given-names>M. Arfan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franco</surname><given-names>Oscar H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>26</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cottel</surname><given-names>Dominique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dallongeville</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>Alistair S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff52"><sup>52</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jula</surname><given-names>Antti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff53"><sup>53</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tobin</surname><given-names>Martin D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff54"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Penninx</surname><given-names>Brenda W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff55"><sup>55</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Annette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>24</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gieger</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>22</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>23</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>24</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Samani</surname><given-names>Nilesh J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>16</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montgomery</surname><given-names>Grant W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Whitfield</surname><given-names>John B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>Nicholas G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groop</surname><given-names>Leif</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spector</surname><given-names>Tim D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magnusson</surname><given-names>Patrik K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amouyel</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boomsma</surname><given-names>Dorret I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nilsson</surname><given-names>Peter M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff56"><sup>56</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Järvelin</surname><given-names>Marjo-Riitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>17</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff57"><sup>57</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff58"><sup>58</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff59"><sup>59</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lyssenko</surname><given-names>Valeriya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff60"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Andres</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strachan</surname><given-names>David P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff61"><sup>61</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salomaa</surname><given-names>Veikko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ripatti</surname><given-names>Samuli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29"><sup>29</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62"><sup>62</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedersen</surname><given-names>Nancy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>Inga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff63"><sup>63</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff64"><sup>64</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff64"><sup>64</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff65"><sup>65</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62"><sup>62</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><on-behalf-of>on behalf of the ENGAGE Consortium</on-behalf-of><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup>The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>6</sup>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>7</sup>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>8</sup>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>9</sup>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>10</sup>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>11</sup>Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>12</sup>Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>13</sup>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>14</sup>The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>15</sup>Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>16</sup>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff17"><sup>17</sup>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="aff18"><sup>18</sup>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="aff19"><sup>19</sup>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff20"><sup>20</sup>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France</aff><aff id="aff21"><sup>21</sup>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff22"><sup>22</sup>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff23"><sup>23</sup>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff24"><sup>24</sup>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff25"><sup>25</sup>German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff26"><sup>26</sup>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff27"><sup>27</sup>Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff28"><sup>28</sup>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff29"><sup>29</sup>Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff30"><sup>30</sup>Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff31"><sup>31</sup>Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland</aff><aff id="aff32"><sup>32</sup>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland</aff><aff id="aff33"><sup>33</sup>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff34"><sup>34</sup>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff35"><sup>35</sup>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="aff36"><sup>36</sup>Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="aff37"><sup>37</sup>Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="aff38"><sup>38</sup>Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="aff39"><sup>39</sup>German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="aff40"><sup>40</sup>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland</aff><aff id="aff41"><sup>41</sup>Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain</aff><aff id="aff42"><sup>42</sup>ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff43"><sup>43</sup>Centre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff44"><sup>44</sup>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff45"><sup>45</sup>Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff46"><sup>46</sup>Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff47"><sup>47</sup>Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</aff><aff id="aff48"><sup>48</sup>Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy</aff><aff id="aff49"><sup>49</sup>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France</aff><aff id="aff50"><sup>50</sup>Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy</aff><aff id="aff51"><sup>51</sup>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff52"><sup>52</sup>Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff53"><sup>53</sup>Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="aff54"><sup>54</sup>Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff55"><sup>55</sup>Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff56"><sup>56</sup>Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff57"><sup>57</sup>Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="aff58"><sup>58</sup>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff59"><sup>59</sup>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="aff60"><sup>60</sup>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</aff><aff id="aff61"><sup>61</sup>St. George's, University of London, London, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff62"><sup>62</sup>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff63"><sup>63</sup>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff64"><sup>64</sup>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.</aff><aff id="aff65"><sup>65</sup>Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Corresponding author: Erik Ingelsson, <email>erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="equal"><p>T.V. and S.H. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1841</fpage><lpage>1852</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="db140988.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (<italic>P</italic> = 2.8 × 10<sup>−107</sup>) and stratified analyses (all <italic>P</italic> < 3.3 × 10<sup>−30</sup>). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (<italic>P</italic> for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="12"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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