Climate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems
Identifieur interne : 001378 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001377; suivant : 001379Climate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems
Auteurs : Nicholas A. J. Graham [Royaume-Uni] ; Tim R. Mcclanahan [États-Unis] ; M. Aaron Macneil [Royaume-Uni] ; Shaun K. Wilson [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Nicholas V. C. Polunin [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon Jennings [Royaume-Uni] ; Pascale Chabanet [France] ; Susan Clark [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark D. Spalding [Royaume-Uni] ; Yves Letourneur [France] ; Lionel Bigot [France] ; René Galzin [France] ; Marcus C. Öhman [Suède] ; Kajsa C. Garpe [Suède] ; Alasdair J. Edwards [Royaume-Uni] ; Charles R. C. Sheppard [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of a warming climate to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Here, we respond to recent and repeated calls to assess the importance of local management in conserving coral reefs in the context of global climate change. Such information is important, as coral reef fish assemblages are the most species dense vertebrate communities on earth, contributing critical ecosystem functions and providing crucial ecosystem services to human societies in tropical countries. Our assessment of the impacts of the 1998 mass bleaching event on coral cover, reef structural complexity, and reef associated fishes spans 7 countries, 66 sites and 26 degrees of latitude in the Indian Ocean. Using Bayesian meta-analysis we show that changes in the size structure, diversity and trophic composition of the reef fish community have followed coral declines. Although the ocean scale integrity of these coral reef ecosystems has been lost, it is positive to see the effects are spatially variable at multiple scales, with impacts and vulnerability affected by geography but not management regime. Existing no-take marine protected areas still support high biomass of fish, however they had no positive affect on the ecosystem response to large-scale disturbance. This suggests a need for future conservation and management efforts to identify and protect regional refugia, which should be integrated into existing management frameworks and combined with policies to improve system-wide resilience to climate variation and change.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003039
PubMed: 18728776
PubMed Central: 2516599
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M. Aaron Macneil<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>National Research Council, NOAA Panama City Laboratory, Panama City Beach, Florida United States of America</addr-line>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">New Caledonia</wicri:noCountry>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire d'Ecologie marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion</wicri:regionArea>
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Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of a warming climate to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Here, we respond to recent and repeated calls to assess the importance of local management in conserving coral reefs in the context of global climate change. Such information is important, as coral reef fish assemblages are the most species dense vertebrate communities on earth, contributing critical ecosystem functions and providing crucial ecosystem services to human societies in tropical countries. Our assessment of the impacts of the 1998 mass bleaching event on coral cover, reef structural complexity, and reef associated fishes spans 7 countries, 66 sites and 26 degrees of latitude in the Indian Ocean. Using Bayesian meta-analysis we show that changes in the size structure, diversity and trophic composition of the reef fish community have followed coral declines. Although the ocean scale integrity of these coral reef ecosystems has been lost, it is positive to see the effects are spatially variable at multiple scales, with impacts and vulnerability affected by geography but not management regime. Existing no-take marine protected areas still support high biomass of fish, however they had no positive affect on the ecosystem response to large-scale disturbance. This suggests a need for future conservation and management efforts to identify and protect regional refugia, which should be integrated into existing management frameworks and combined with policies to improve system-wide resilience to climate variation and change.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18728776</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2516599</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">08-PONE-RA-04108R1</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0003039</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline"><subject>Ecology/Community Ecology and Biodiversity</subject>
<subject>Ecology/Conservation and Restoration Ecology</subject>
<subject>Ecology/Ecosystem Ecology</subject>
<subject>Ecology/Global Change Ecology</subject>
<subject>Ecology/Marine and Freshwater Ecology</subject>
<subject>Ecology/Spatial and Landscape Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Climate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Ocean-Scale Reef Integrity</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas A. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McClanahan</surname>
<given-names>Tim R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MacNeil</surname>
<given-names>M. Aaron</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>Shaun K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Polunin</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas V. C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jennings</surname>
<given-names>Simon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chabanet</surname>
<given-names>Pascale</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>Susan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spalding</surname>
<given-names>Mark D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Letourneur</surname>
<given-names>Yves</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bigot</surname>
<given-names>Lionel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galzin</surname>
<given-names>René</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Öhman</surname>
<given-names>Marcus C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garpe</surname>
<given-names>Kajsa C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>Alasdair J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sheppard</surname>
<given-names>Charles R. C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Marine Science & Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>National Research Council, NOAA Panama City Laboratory, Panama City Beach, Florida United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<addr-line>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, New Caledonia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire d'Ecologie marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
<addr-line>Natural England, Bridgewater House, Whitworth Street, Manchester, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>
<addr-line>The Nature Conservancy, Newmarket, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>
<addr-line>Université de la Méditerranée, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, UMR CNRS 6540 DIMAR, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, Marseille, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>
<addr-line>UMR 5244 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Ecosystèmes Coralliens, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>
<addr-line>Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>
<addr-line>School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>15</label>
<addr-line>University of Warwick, Department of Biological Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Freckleton</surname>
<given-names>Rob P.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">University of Sheffield, United Kingdom</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>n.a.j.graham@ncl.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: NAJG TM NP. Performed the experiments: NAJG TM SKW SJ PC SC MDS YL LB RG MCO KCG AJE CRCS. Analyzed the data: NAJG MAM. Wrote the paper: NAJG TM MAM SKW NP SJ PC SC MDS YL LB RG MCO KCG AJE CRCS.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<elocation-id>e3039</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Graham et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of a warming climate to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Here, we respond to recent and repeated calls to assess the importance of local management in conserving coral reefs in the context of global climate change. Such information is important, as coral reef fish assemblages are the most species dense vertebrate communities on earth, contributing critical ecosystem functions and providing crucial ecosystem services to human societies in tropical countries. Our assessment of the impacts of the 1998 mass bleaching event on coral cover, reef structural complexity, and reef associated fishes spans 7 countries, 66 sites and 26 degrees of latitude in the Indian Ocean. Using Bayesian meta-analysis we show that changes in the size structure, diversity and trophic composition of the reef fish community have followed coral declines. Although the ocean scale integrity of these coral reef ecosystems has been lost, it is positive to see the effects are spatially variable at multiple scales, with impacts and vulnerability affected by geography but not management regime. Existing no-take marine protected areas still support high biomass of fish, however they had no positive affect on the ecosystem response to large-scale disturbance. This suggests a need for future conservation and management efforts to identify and protect regional refugia, which should be integrated into existing management frameworks and combined with policies to improve system-wide resilience to climate variation and change.</p>
</abstract>
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