International pooled study on diet and bladder cancer: the bladder cancer, epidemiology and nutritional determinants (BLEND) study: design and baseline characteristics
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Auteurs : Maria E. Goossens [Belgique] ; Fatima Isa [Royaume-Uni] ; Maree Brinkman [Australie] ; David Mak [Royaume-Uni] ; Raoul Reulen [Royaume-Uni] ; Anke Wesselius [Pays-Bas] ; Simone Benhamou [France] ; Cristina Bosetti [Italie] ; Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita [Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Malaisie] ; Angela Carta [Italie] ; Md Farouk Allam [Espagne] ; Klaus Golka [Allemagne] ; Eric J. Grant [Japon] ; Xuejuan Jiang [États-Unis] ; Kenneth C. Johnson ; Margaret R. Karagas [États-Unis] ; Eliane Kellen [Belgique] ; Carlo La Vecchia [Italie] ; Chih-Ming Lu ; James Marshall [États-Unis] ; Kirsten Moysich [États-Unis] ; Hermann Pohlabeln [Allemagne] ; Stefano Porru [Italie] ; Gunnar Steineck [Suède] ; Marianne C. Stern [États-Unis] ; Li Tang [États-Unis] ; Jack A. Taylor [États-Unis] ; Piet Van Den Brandt [Pays-Bas] ; Paul J. Villeneuve ; Kenji Wakai [Japon] ; Elisabete Weiderpass [Suède, Norvège, Finlande] ; Emily White [États-Unis] ; Alicja Wolk [Suède] ; Zuo-Feng Zhang [États-Unis] ; Frank Buntinx [Belgique, Pays-Bas] ; Maurice P. Zeegers [Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Archives of Public Health [ 0778-7367 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
In 2012, more than 400,000 urinary bladder cancer cases occurred worldwide, making it the 7th most common type of cancer. Although many previous studies focused on the relationship between diet and bladder cancer, the evidence related to specific food items or nutrients that could be involved in the development of bladder cancer remains inconclusive. Dietary components can either be, or be activated into, potential carcinogens through metabolism, or act to prevent carcinogen damage.
The BLadder cancer, Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study was set up with the purpose of collecting individual patient data from observational studies on diet and bladder cancer. In total, data from 11,261 bladder cancer cases and 675,532 non-cases from 18 case–control and 6 cohort studies from all over the world were included with the aim to investigate the association between individual food items, nutrients and dietary patterns and risk of developing bladder cancer.
The substantial number of cases included in this study will enable us to provide evidence with large statistical power, for dietary recommendations on the prevention of bladder cancer.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13690-016-0140-1
PubMed: 27386115
PubMed Central: 4933992
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Kenneth C. Johnson<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ON Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Urology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Township, 62247 Chiayi County Taiwan</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">62247 Chiayi County Taiwan</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Population Studies Division Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ON Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Benhamou, Simone" sort="Benhamou, Simone" uniqKey="Benhamou S" first="Simone" last="Benhamou">Simone Benhamou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Allam, Md Farouk" sort="Allam, Md Farouk" uniqKey="Allam M" first="Md Farouk" last="Allam">Md Farouk Allam</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Golka, Klaus" sort="Golka, Klaus" uniqKey="Golka K" first="Klaus" last="Golka">Klaus Golka</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Grant, Eric J" sort="Grant, Eric J" uniqKey="Grant E" first="Eric J." last="Grant">Eric J. Grant</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Xuejuan" sort="Jiang, Xuejuan" uniqKey="Jiang X" first="Xuejuan" last="Jiang">Xuejuan Jiang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Kenneth C" sort="Johnson, Kenneth C" uniqKey="Johnson K" first="Kenneth C." last="Johnson">Kenneth C. Johnson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Karagas, Margaret R" sort="Karagas, Margaret R" uniqKey="Karagas M" first="Margaret R." last="Karagas">Margaret R. Karagas</name>
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<wicri:cityArea>Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kellen, Eliane" sort="Kellen, Eliane" uniqKey="Kellen E" first="Eliane" last="Kellen">Eliane Kellen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lu, Chih Ming" sort="Lu, Chih Ming" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Chih-Ming" last="Lu">Chih-Ming Lu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Marshall, James" sort="Marshall, James" uniqKey="Marshall J" first="James" last="Marshall">James Marshall</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Moysich, Kirsten" sort="Moysich, Kirsten" uniqKey="Moysich K" first="Kirsten" last="Moysich">Kirsten Moysich</name>
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</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Pohlabeln, Hermann" sort="Pohlabeln, Hermann" uniqKey="Pohlabeln H" first="Hermann" last="Pohlabeln">Hermann Pohlabeln</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Porru, Stefano" sort="Porru, Stefano" uniqKey="Porru S" first="Stefano" last="Porru">Stefano Porru</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Steineck, Gunnar" sort="Steineck, Gunnar" uniqKey="Steineck G" first="Gunnar" last="Steineck">Gunnar Steineck</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Stern, Marianne C" sort="Stern, Marianne C" uniqKey="Stern M" first="Marianne C." last="Stern">Marianne C. Stern</name>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Tang, Li" sort="Tang, Li" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Li" last="Tang">Li Tang</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jack A" sort="Taylor, Jack A" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jack A." last="Taylor">Jack A. Taylor</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brandt, Piet" sort="Van Den Brandt, Piet" uniqKey="Van Den Brandt P" first="Piet" last="Van Den Brandt">Piet Van Den Brandt</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Villeneuve, Paul J" sort="Villeneuve, Paul J" uniqKey="Villeneuve P" first="Paul J." last="Villeneuve">Paul J. Villeneuve</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wakai, Kenji" sort="Wakai, Kenji" uniqKey="Wakai K" first="Kenji" last="Wakai">Kenji Wakai</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zuo Feng" sort="Zhang, Zuo Feng" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zuo-Feng" last="Zhang">Zuo-Feng Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA</nlm:aff>
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<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Buntinx, Frank" sort="Buntinx, Frank" uniqKey="Buntinx F" first="Frank" last="Buntinx">Frank Buntinx</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Zeegers, Maurice P" sort="Zeegers, Maurice P" uniqKey="Zeegers M" first="Maurice P." last="Zeegers">Maurice P. Zeegers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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</titleStmt>
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<idno type="pmid">27386115</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4933992</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933992</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4933992</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/s13690-016-0140-1</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A45</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">International pooled study on diet and bladder cancer: the bladder cancer, epidemiology and nutritional determinants (BLEND) study: design and baseline characteristics</title>
<author><name sortKey="Goossens, Maria E" sort="Goossens, Maria E" uniqKey="Goossens M" first="Maria E." last="Goossens">Maria E. Goossens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Isa, Fatima" sort="Isa, Fatima" uniqKey="Isa F" first="Fatima" last="Isa">Fatima Isa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brinkman, Maree" sort="Brinkman, Maree" uniqKey="Brinkman M" first="Maree" last="Brinkman">Maree Brinkman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mak, David" sort="Mak, David" uniqKey="Mak D" first="David" last="Mak">David Mak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reulen, Raoul" sort="Reulen, Raoul" uniqKey="Reulen R" first="Raoul" last="Reulen">Raoul Reulen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wesselius, Anke" sort="Wesselius, Anke" uniqKey="Wesselius A" first="Anke" last="Wesselius">Anke Wesselius</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benhamou, Simone" sort="Benhamou, Simone" uniqKey="Benhamou S" first="Simone" last="Benhamou">Simone Benhamou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">INSERM U946, Variabilite Genetique et Maladies Humaines, Fondation Jean Dausset / CEPH, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INSERM U946, Variabilite Genetique et Maladies Humaines, Fondation Jean Dausset / CEPH, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosetti, Cristina" sort="Bosetti, Cristina" uniqKey="Bosetti C" first="Cristina" last="Bosetti">Cristina Bosetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratory of General Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of General Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, Bas" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, Bas" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita B" first="Bas" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carta, Angela" sort="Carta, Angela" uniqKey="Carta A" first="Angela" last="Carta">Angela Carta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allam, Md Farouk" sort="Allam, Md Farouk" uniqKey="Allam M" first="Md Farouk" last="Allam">Md Farouk Allam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Golka, Klaus" sort="Golka, Klaus" uniqKey="Golka K" first="Klaus" last="Golka">Klaus Golka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grant, Eric J" sort="Grant, Eric J" uniqKey="Grant E" first="Eric J." last="Grant">Eric J. Grant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Xuejuan" sort="Jiang, Xuejuan" uniqKey="Jiang X" first="Xuejuan" last="Jiang">Xuejuan Jiang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Kenneth C" sort="Johnson, Kenneth C" uniqKey="Johnson K" first="Kenneth C." last="Johnson">Kenneth C. Johnson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ON Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karagas, Margaret R" sort="Karagas, Margaret R" uniqKey="Karagas M" first="Margaret R." last="Karagas">Margaret R. Karagas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">New Hampshire</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellen, Eliane" sort="Kellen, Eliane" uniqKey="Kellen E" first="Eliane" last="Kellen">Eliane Kellen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention (LUCK), Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention (LUCK), Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="La Vecchia, Carlo" sort="La Vecchia, Carlo" uniqKey="La Vecchia C" first="Carlo" last="La Vecchia">Carlo La Vecchia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Chih Ming" sort="Lu, Chih Ming" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Chih-Ming" last="Lu">Chih-Ming Lu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Urology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Township, 62247 Chiayi County Taiwan</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">62247 Chiayi County Taiwan</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marshall, James" sort="Marshall, James" uniqKey="Marshall J" first="James" last="Marshall">James Marshall</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moysich, Kirsten" sort="Moysich, Kirsten" uniqKey="Moysich K" first="Kirsten" last="Moysich">Kirsten Moysich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pohlabeln, Hermann" sort="Pohlabeln, Hermann" uniqKey="Pohlabeln H" first="Hermann" last="Pohlabeln">Hermann Pohlabeln</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff22">Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porru, Stefano" sort="Porru, Stefano" uniqKey="Porru S" first="Stefano" last="Porru">Stefano Porru</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steineck, Gunnar" sort="Steineck, Gunnar" uniqKey="Steineck G" first="Gunnar" last="Steineck">Gunnar Steineck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stern, Marianne C" sort="Stern, Marianne C" uniqKey="Stern M" first="Marianne C." last="Stern">Marianne C. Stern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Li" sort="Tang, Li" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Li" last="Tang">Li Tang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jack A" sort="Taylor, Jack A" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jack A." last="Taylor">Jack A. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Epidemiology Branch, and Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Epidemiology Branch, and Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brandt, Piet" sort="Van Den Brandt, Piet" uniqKey="Van Den Brandt P" first="Piet" last="Van Den Brandt">Piet Van Den Brandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villeneuve, Paul J" sort="Villeneuve, Paul J" uniqKey="Villeneuve P" first="Paul J." last="Villeneuve">Paul J. Villeneuve</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Population Studies Division Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ON Canada</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wakai, Kenji" sort="Wakai, Kenji" uniqKey="Wakai K" first="Kenji" last="Wakai">Kenji Wakai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Department of Preventive medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff28">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zuo Feng" sort="Zhang, Zuo Feng" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zuo-Feng" last="Zhang">Zuo-Feng Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buntinx, Frank" sort="Buntinx, Frank" uniqKey="Buntinx F" first="Frank" last="Buntinx">Frank Buntinx</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeegers, Maurice P" sort="Zeegers, Maurice P" uniqKey="Zeegers M" first="Maurice P." last="Zeegers">Maurice P. Zeegers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Archives of Public Health</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0778-7367</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2049-3258</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>In 2012, more than 400,000 urinary bladder cancer cases occurred worldwide, making it the 7<sup>th</sup>
most common type of cancer. Although many previous studies focused on the relationship between diet and bladder cancer, the evidence related to specific food items or nutrients that could be involved in the development of bladder cancer remains inconclusive. Dietary components can either be, or be activated into, potential carcinogens through metabolism, or act to prevent carcinogen damage.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods/design</title>
<p>The BLadder cancer, Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study was set up with the purpose of collecting individual patient data from observational studies on diet and bladder cancer. In total, data from 11,261 bladder cancer cases and 675,532 non-cases from 18 case–control and 6 cohort studies from all over the world were included with the aim to investigate the association between individual food items, nutrients and dietary patterns and risk of developing bladder cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Discussion</title>
<p>The substantial number of cases included in this study will enable us to provide evidence with large statistical power, for dietary recommendations on the prevention of bladder cancer.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Botteman, Mf" uniqKey="Botteman M">MF Botteman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pashos, Cl" uniqKey="Pashos C">CL Pashos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hauser, Rs" uniqKey="Hauser R">RS Hauser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laskin, Bl" uniqKey="Laskin B">BL Laskin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Redaelli, A" uniqKey="Redaelli A">A Redaelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooksley, Cd" uniqKey="Cooksley C">CD Cooksley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avritscher, Eb" uniqKey="Avritscher E">EB Avritscher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grossman, Hb" uniqKey="Grossman H">HB Grossman</name>
</author>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arch Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Archives of Public Health</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">0778-7367</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2049-3258</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
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<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4933992</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">140</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13690-016-0140-1</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Study Protocol</subject>
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<given-names>Hermann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff22"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Porru</surname>
<given-names>Stefano</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Steineck</surname>
<given-names>Gunnar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff23"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stern</surname>
<given-names>Marianne C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff15"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Li</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff21"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Jack A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff24"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van den Brandt</surname>
<given-names>Piet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff25"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villeneuve</surname>
<given-names>Paul J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff26"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wakai</surname>
<given-names>Kenji</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff27"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weiderpass</surname>
<given-names>Elisabete</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff28"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff29"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff30"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff31"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>Emily</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff32"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolk</surname>
<given-names>Alicja</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff33"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Zuo-Feng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff34"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buntinx</surname>
<given-names>Frank</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff35"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeegers</surname>
<given-names>Maurice P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff35"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff36"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label></label>
Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label></label>
Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label></label>
The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label></label>
NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label></label>
INSERM U946, Variabilite Genetique et Maladies Humaines, Fondation Jean Dausset / CEPH, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label></label>
Laboratory of General Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy</aff>
<aff id="Aff7"><label></label>
Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff8"><label></label>
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff9"><label></label>
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="Aff10"><label></label>
Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</aff>
<aff id="Aff11"><label></label>
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy</aff>
<aff id="Aff12"><label></label>
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain</aff>
<aff id="Aff13"><label></label>
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</aff>
<aff id="Aff14"><label></label>
Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan</aff>
<aff id="Aff15"><label></label>
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff16"><label></label>
Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff17"><label></label>
Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff18"><label></label>
Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention (LUCK), Leuven, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="Aff19"><label></label>
Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</aff>
<aff id="Aff20"><label></label>
Department of Urology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Township, 62247 Chiayi County Taiwan</aff>
<aff id="Aff21"><label></label>
Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff22"><label></label>
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="Aff23"><label></label>
Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="Aff24"><label></label>
Epidemiology Branch, and Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff25"><label></label>
Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff26"><label></label>
Population Studies Division Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff27"><label></label>
Department of Preventive medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan</aff>
<aff id="Aff28"><label></label>
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="Aff29"><label></label>
Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway</aff>
<aff id="Aff30"><label></label>
Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="Aff31"><label></label>
Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway</aff>
<aff id="Aff32"><label></label>
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff33"><label></label>
Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="Aff34"><label></label>
Departments of Epidemiology, UCLA Center for Environmental Genomics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff35"><label></label>
CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="Aff36"><label></label>
School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>6</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>74</volume>
<elocation-id>30</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2016</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>In 2012, more than 400,000 urinary bladder cancer cases occurred worldwide, making it the 7<sup>th</sup>
most common type of cancer. Although many previous studies focused on the relationship between diet and bladder cancer, the evidence related to specific food items or nutrients that could be involved in the development of bladder cancer remains inconclusive. Dietary components can either be, or be activated into, potential carcinogens through metabolism, or act to prevent carcinogen damage.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods/design</title>
<p>The BLadder cancer, Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study was set up with the purpose of collecting individual patient data from observational studies on diet and bladder cancer. In total, data from 11,261 bladder cancer cases and 675,532 non-cases from 18 case–control and 6 cohort studies from all over the world were included with the aim to investigate the association between individual food items, nutrients and dietary patterns and risk of developing bladder cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Discussion</title>
<p>The substantial number of cases included in this study will enable us to provide evidence with large statistical power, for dietary recommendations on the prevention of bladder cancer.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Bladder cancer</kwd>
<kwd>Diet</kwd>
<kwd>Risk</kwd>
<kwd>Pooled analysis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>World Cancer Research Fund (NL)</institution>
</funding-source>
<award-id>2012/590</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Zeegers</surname>
<given-names>Maurice P.</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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