Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the EPIC study
Identifieur interne : 000707 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000706; suivant : 000708Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the EPIC study
Auteurs : Abhijit Sen [Grèce, Norvège] ; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis [Grèce, Royaume-Uni] ; Naomi E. Allen [Royaume-Uni] ; Sabina Rinaldi [France] ; Paul N. Appleby [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin Almquist [Suède] ; Julie A. Schmidt [Royaume-Uni] ; Christina C. Dahm [Danemark] ; Kim Overvad [Danemark] ; Anne Tj Nneland [Danemark] ; Agnetha L. Rostgaard-Hansen [Danemark] ; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon [France] ; Laura Baglietto [Australie] ; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault [France] ; Tilman Kühn [Allemagne] ; Verena A. Katze [Allemagne] ; Heiner Boeing [Allemagne] ; Antonia Trichopoulou [Grèce] ; Christos Tsironis [Grèce] ; Pagona Lagiou [Grèce, États-Unis] ; Domenico Palli [Italie] ; Valeria Pala [Italie] ; Salvatore Panico [Italie] ; Rosario Tumino [Italie] ; Paolo Vineis [Royaume-Uni, Italie] ; Hb As Bueno-De-Mesquita [Royaume-Uni, Pays-Bas, Malaisie] ; Petra H. Peeters [Pays-Bas] ; Anette Hjart Ker [Norvège] ; Eiliv Lund [Norvège] ; Elisabete Weiderpass [Norvège, Suède, Finlande] ; J Ram N Quir S [Espagne] ; Antonio Agudo [Espagne] ; María- José Sánchez [Espagne] ; Larraitz Arriola [Espagne] ; Diana Gavrila [Espagne] ; Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea [Espagne] ; Ada Tosovic [Suède] ; Joakim Hennings [Suède] ; Maria Sandström [Suède] ; Isabelle Romieu [France] ; Pietro Ferrari [France] ; Raul Zamora-Ros [France] ; Kay-Tee Khaw [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicholas J. Wareham [Royaume-Uni] ; Elio Riboli [Royaume-Uni] ; Marc Gunter [Royaume-Uni] ; Silvia Franceschi [France]Source :
- British Journal of Cancer [ 0007-0920 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Results from several cohort and case–control studies suggest a protective association between current alcohol intake and risk of thyroid carcinoma, but the epidemiological evidence is not completely consistent and several questions remain unanswered.
The association between alcohol consumption at recruitment and over the lifetime and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma was examined in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Among 477 263 eligible participants (70% women), 556 (90% women) were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma over a mean follow-up of 11 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Compared with participants consuming 0.1–4.9 g of alcohol per day at recruitment, participants consuming 15 or more grams (approximately 1–1.5 drinks) had a 23% lower risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HR=0.77; 95% CI=0.60–0.98). These findings did not differ greatly when analyses were conducted for lifetime alcohol consumption, although the risk estimates were attenuated and not statistically significant anymore. Similar results were observed by type of alcoholic beverage, by differentiated thyroid carcinoma histology or according to age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and diabetes.
Our study provides some support to the hypothesis that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a lower risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.280
PubMed: 26313664
PubMed Central: 4559837
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Katze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeing, Heiner" sort="Boeing, Heiner" uniqKey="Boeing H" first="Heiner" last="Boeing">Heiner Boeing</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrueke</institution>, Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trichopoulou, Antonia" sort="Trichopoulou, Antonia" uniqKey="Trichopoulou A" first="Antonia" last="Trichopoulou">Antonia Trichopoulou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsironis, Christos" sort="Tsironis, Christos" uniqKey="Tsironis C" first="Christos" last="Tsironis">Christos Tsironis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagiou, Pagona" sort="Lagiou, Pagona" uniqKey="Lagiou P" first="Pagona" last="Lagiou">Pagona Lagiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palli, Domenico" sort="Palli, Domenico" uniqKey="Palli D" first="Domenico" last="Palli">Domenico Palli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPO</institution>, Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pala, Valeria" sort="Pala, Valeria" uniqKey="Pala V" first="Valeria" last="Pala">Valeria Pala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panico, Salvatore" sort="Panico, Salvatore" uniqKey="Panico S" first="Salvatore" last="Panico">Salvatore Panico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico Ii University</institution>, Naples,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumino, Rosario" sort="Tumino, Rosario" uniqKey="Tumino R" first="Rosario" last="Tumino">Rosario Tumino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Ragusa Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile M.P. Arezzo"</institution>, Ragusa,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, Hb As" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, Hb As" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="Hb As" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">Hb As Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)</institution>, Bilthoven,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya</institution>, Kuala Lumpur,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peeters, Petra H" sort="Peeters, Petra H" uniqKey="Peeters P" first="Petra H" last="Peeters">Petra H. Peeters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Epidemiology, University Medical Center</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjart Ker, Anette" sort="Hjart Ker, Anette" uniqKey="Hjart Ker A" first="Anette" last="Hjart Ker">Anette Hjart Ker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Eiliv" sort="Lund, Eiliv" uniqKey="Lund E" first="Eiliv" last="Lund">Eiliv Lund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway</institution>, Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway</institution>, Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quir S, J Ram N" sort="Quir S, J Ram N" uniqKey="Quir S J" first="J Ram N" last="Quir S">J Ram N Quir S</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>Public Health Directorate</institution>, Asturias,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agudo, Antonio" sort="Agudo, Antonio" uniqKey="Agudo A" first="Antonio" last="Agudo">Antonio Agudo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution>Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de LIobregat</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Maria Jose" sort="Sanchez, Maria Jose" uniqKey="Sanchez M" first="María- José" last="Sánchez">María- José Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution>Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada</institution>, Granada,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arriola, Larraitz" sort="Arriola, Larraitz" uniqKey="Arriola L" first="Larraitz" last="Arriola">Larraitz Arriola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution>Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government</institution>, San Sebastian,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gavrila, Diana" sort="Gavrila, Diana" uniqKey="Gavrila D" first="Diana" last="Gavrila">Diana Gavrila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca</institution>, Murcia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte" sort="Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte" uniqKey="Gurrea A" first="Aurelio Barricarte" last="Gurrea">Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution>Navarre Public Health Institute</institution>, Pamplona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tosovic, Ada" sort="Tosovic, Ada" uniqKey="Tosovic A" first="Ada" last="Tosovic">Ada Tosovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hennings, Joakim" sort="Hennings, Joakim" uniqKey="Hennings J" first="Joakim" last="Hennings">Joakim Hennings</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandstrom, Maria" sort="Sandstrom, Maria" uniqKey="Sandstrom M" first="Maria" last="Sandström">Maria Sandström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution>Department for Radiation Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, Pietro" sort="Ferrari, Pietro" uniqKey="Ferrari P" first="Pietro" last="Ferrari">Pietro Ferrari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora Ros, Raul" sort="Zamora Ros, Raul" uniqKey="Zamora Ros R" first="Raul" last="Zamora-Ros">Raul Zamora-Ros</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution>School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunter, Marc" sort="Gunter, Marc" uniqKey="Gunter M" first="Marc" last="Gunter">Marc Gunter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, Silvia" sort="Franceschi, Silvia" uniqKey="Franceschi S" first="Silvia" last="Franceschi">Silvia Franceschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26313664</idno><idno type="pmc">4559837</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4559837</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4559837</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/bjc.2015.280</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000708</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000708</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000707</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000707</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the EPIC study</title><author><name sortKey="Sen, Abhijit" sort="Sen, Abhijit" uniqKey="Sen A" first="Abhijit" last="Sen">Abhijit Sen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine</institution>, Ioannina 45110,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU</institution>, Trondheim N-7491,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsilidis, Konstantinos K" sort="Tsilidis, Konstantinos K" uniqKey="Tsilidis K" first="Konstantinos K" last="Tsilidis">Konstantinos K. Tsilidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine</institution>, Ioannina 45110,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Naomi E" sort="Allen, Naomi E" uniqKey="Allen N" first="Naomi E" last="Allen">Naomi E. Allen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rinaldi, Sabina" sort="Rinaldi, Sabina" uniqKey="Rinaldi S" first="Sabina" last="Rinaldi">Sabina Rinaldi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appleby, Paul N" sort="Appleby, Paul N" uniqKey="Appleby P" first="Paul N" last="Appleby">Paul N. Appleby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almquist, Martin" sort="Almquist, Martin" uniqKey="Almquist M" first="Martin" last="Almquist">Martin Almquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lund</institution>, Lund,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, University Hospital Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Julie A" sort="Schmidt, Julie A" uniqKey="Schmidt J" first="Julie A" last="Schmidt">Julie A. Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahm, Christina C" sort="Dahm, Christina C" uniqKey="Dahm C" first="Christina C" last="Dahm">Christina C. Dahm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University</institution>, Aarhus,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overvad, Kim" sort="Overvad, Kim" uniqKey="Overvad K" first="Kim" last="Overvad">Kim Overvad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University</institution>, Aarhus,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tj Nneland, Anne" sort="Tj Nneland, Anne" uniqKey="Tj Nneland A" first="Anne" last="Tj Nneland">Anne Tj Nneland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Danish Cancer Society Research Center</institution>, Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rostgaard Hansen, Agnetha L" sort="Rostgaard Hansen, Agnetha L" uniqKey="Rostgaard Hansen A" first="Agnetha L" last="Rostgaard-Hansen">Agnetha L. Rostgaard-Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Danish Cancer Society Research Center</institution>, Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clavel Chapelon, Francoise" sort="Clavel Chapelon, Francoise" uniqKey="Clavel Chapelon F" first="Françoise" last="Clavel-Chapelon">Françoise Clavel-Chapelon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Université Paris Sud</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baglietto, Laura" sort="Baglietto, Laura" uniqKey="Baglietto L" first="Laura" last="Baglietto">Laura Baglietto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" sort="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Boutron Ruault M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Boutron-Ruault">Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution>Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>Université Paris Sud</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhn, Tilman" sort="Kuhn, Tilman" uniqKey="Kuhn T" first="Tilman" last="Kühn">Tilman Kühn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Katze, Verena A" sort="Katze, Verena A" uniqKey="Katze V" first="Verena A" last="Katze">Verena A. Katze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeing, Heiner" sort="Boeing, Heiner" uniqKey="Boeing H" first="Heiner" last="Boeing">Heiner Boeing</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrueke</institution>, Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trichopoulou, Antonia" sort="Trichopoulou, Antonia" uniqKey="Trichopoulou A" first="Antonia" last="Trichopoulou">Antonia Trichopoulou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsironis, Christos" sort="Tsironis, Christos" uniqKey="Tsironis C" first="Christos" last="Tsironis">Christos Tsironis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagiou, Pagona" sort="Lagiou, Pagona" uniqKey="Lagiou P" first="Pagona" last="Lagiou">Pagona Lagiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palli, Domenico" sort="Palli, Domenico" uniqKey="Palli D" first="Domenico" last="Palli">Domenico Palli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPO</institution>, Florence,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pala, Valeria" sort="Pala, Valeria" uniqKey="Pala V" first="Valeria" last="Pala">Valeria Pala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution>Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panico, Salvatore" sort="Panico, Salvatore" uniqKey="Panico S" first="Salvatore" last="Panico">Salvatore Panico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico Ii University</institution>, Naples,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumino, Rosario" sort="Tumino, Rosario" uniqKey="Tumino R" first="Rosario" last="Tumino">Rosario Tumino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution>Ragusa Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile M.P. Arezzo"</institution>, Ragusa,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vineis, Paolo" sort="Vineis, Paolo" uniqKey="Vineis P" first="Paolo" last="Vineis">Paolo Vineis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, Hb As" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, Hb As" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="Hb As" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">Hb As Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution>Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)</institution>, Bilthoven,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution>Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya</institution>, Kuala Lumpur,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peeters, Petra H" sort="Peeters, Petra H" uniqKey="Peeters P" first="Petra H" last="Peeters">Petra H. Peeters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Epidemiology, University Medical Center</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hjart Ker, Anette" sort="Hjart Ker, Anette" uniqKey="Hjart Ker A" first="Anette" last="Hjart Ker">Anette Hjart Ker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution>Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Eiliv" sort="Lund, Eiliv" uniqKey="Lund E" first="Eiliv" last="Lund">Eiliv Lund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway</institution>, Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiderpass, Elisabete" sort="Weiderpass, Elisabete" uniqKey="Weiderpass E" first="Elisabete" last="Weiderpass">Elisabete Weiderpass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway</institution>, Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quir S, J Ram N" sort="Quir S, J Ram N" uniqKey="Quir S J" first="J Ram N" last="Quir S">J Ram N Quir S</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>Public Health Directorate</institution>, Asturias,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agudo, Antonio" sort="Agudo, Antonio" uniqKey="Agudo A" first="Antonio" last="Agudo">Antonio Agudo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution>Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de LIobregat</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Maria Jose" sort="Sanchez, Maria Jose" uniqKey="Sanchez M" first="María- José" last="Sánchez">María- José Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution>Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada</institution>, Granada,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arriola, Larraitz" sort="Arriola, Larraitz" uniqKey="Arriola L" first="Larraitz" last="Arriola">Larraitz Arriola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution>Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government</institution>, San Sebastian,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gavrila, Diana" sort="Gavrila, Diana" uniqKey="Gavrila D" first="Diana" last="Gavrila">Diana Gavrila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca</institution>, Murcia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte" sort="Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte" uniqKey="Gurrea A" first="Aurelio Barricarte" last="Gurrea">Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution>Navarre Public Health Institute</institution>, Pamplona,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tosovic, Ada" sort="Tosovic, Ada" uniqKey="Tosovic A" first="Ada" last="Tosovic">Ada Tosovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hennings, Joakim" sort="Hennings, Joakim" uniqKey="Hennings J" first="Joakim" last="Hennings">Joakim Hennings</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandstrom, Maria" sort="Sandstrom, Maria" uniqKey="Sandstrom M" first="Maria" last="Sandström">Maria Sandström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution>Department for Radiation Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, Pietro" sort="Ferrari, Pietro" uniqKey="Ferrari P" first="Pietro" last="Ferrari">Pietro Ferrari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora Ros, Raul" sort="Zamora Ros, Raul" uniqKey="Zamora Ros R" first="Raul" last="Zamora-Ros">Raul Zamora-Ros</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution>School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunter, Marc" sort="Gunter, Marc" uniqKey="Gunter M" first="Marc" last="Gunter">Marc Gunter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, Silvia" sort="Franceschi, Silvia" uniqKey="Franceschi S" first="Silvia" last="Franceschi">Silvia Franceschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">British Journal of Cancer</title><idno type="ISSN">0007-0920</idno><idno type="eISSN">1532-1827</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Results from several cohort and case–control studies suggest a protective association between current alcohol intake and risk of thyroid carcinoma, but the epidemiological evidence is not completely consistent and several questions remain unanswered.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>The association between alcohol consumption at recruitment and over the lifetime and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma was examined in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Among 477 263 eligible participants (70% women), 556 (90% women) were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma over a mean follow-up of 11 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Compared with participants consuming 0.1–4.9 g of alcohol per day at recruitment, participants consuming 15 or more grams (approximately 1–1.5 drinks) had a 23% lower risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HR=0.77; 95% CI=0.60–0.98). These findings did not differ greatly when analyses were conducted for lifetime alcohol consumption, although the risk estimates were attenuated and not statistically significant anymore. Similar results were observed by type of alcoholic beverage, by differentiated thyroid carcinoma histology or according to age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>Our study provides some support to the hypothesis that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a lower risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allen, Ne" uniqKey="Allen N">NE Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beral, V" uniqKey="Beral V">V Beral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casabonne, D" uniqKey="Casabonne D">D Casabonne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kan, Sw" uniqKey="Kan S">SW Kan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reeves, Gk" uniqKey="Reeves G">GK Reeves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, A" uniqKey="Brown A">A Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Green, J" uniqKey="Green J">J 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peeters</surname><given-names>Petra H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">30</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hjartåker</surname><given-names>Anette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lund</surname><given-names>Eiliv</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">32</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weiderpass</surname><given-names>Elisabete</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">32</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">33</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34">34</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35">35</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Quirós</surname><given-names>J Ramón</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">36</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agudo</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37">37</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sánchez</surname><given-names>María- José</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38">38</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arriola</surname><given-names>Larraitz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40">40</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gavrila</surname><given-names>Diana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41">41</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gurrea</surname><given-names>Aurelio Barricarte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">39</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42">42</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tosovic</surname><given-names>Ada</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43">43</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hennings</surname><given-names>Joakim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44">44</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sandström</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45">45</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romieu</surname><given-names>Isabelle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferrari</surname><given-names>Pietro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamora-Ros</surname><given-names>Raul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khaw</surname><given-names>Kay-Tee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname><given-names>Nicholas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff47">47</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riboli</surname><given-names>Elio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gunter</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franceschi</surname><given-names>Silvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine</institution>, Ioannina 45110,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU</institution>, Trondheim N-7491,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London</institution>, London,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford</institution>, Oxford,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>International Agency for Research on Cancer</institution>, Lyon,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lund</institution>, Lund,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution>Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, University Hospital Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution>Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University</institution>, Aarhus,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution>Danish Cancer Society Research Center</institution>, Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><institution>Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><institution>Université Paris Sud</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><institution>Institut Gustave Roussy</institution>, Villejuif,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><institution>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><institution>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne</institution>, Melbourne, Victoria,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><institution>German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)</institution>, Heidelberg,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrueke</institution>, Nuthetal,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><institution>Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><institution>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens</institution>, Athens,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health</institution>, Boston, MA,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><institution>Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPO</institution>, Florence,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><institution>Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori</institution>, Milan,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><institution>Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico Ii University</institution>, Naples,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><institution>Ragusa Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile M.P. Arezzo"</institution>, Ragusa,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><institution>Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)</institution>, Torino,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><institution>Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)</institution>, Bilthoven,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label><institution>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label><institution>Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya</institution>, Kuala Lumpur,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label><institution>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Epidemiology, University Medical Center</institution>, Utrecht,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label><institution>Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label><institution>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway</institution>, Tromsø,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label><institution>Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway</institution>, Oslo,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff34"><label>34</label><institution>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet</institution>, Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff35"><label>35</label><institution>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center</institution>, Helsinki,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff36"><label>36</label><institution>Public Health Directorate</institution>, Asturias,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff37"><label>37</label><institution>Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de LIobregat</institution>, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff38"><label>38</label><institution>Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada</institution>, Granada,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff39"><label>39</label><institution>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</institution>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff40"><label>40</label><institution>Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government</institution>, San Sebastian,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff41"><label>41</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca</institution>, Murcia,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff42"><label>42</label><institution>Navarre Public Health Institute</institution>, Pamplona,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff43"><label>43</label><institution>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff44"><label>44</label><institution>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff45"><label>45</label><institution>Department for Radiation Sciences, Umeå University</institution>, Umeå,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff46"><label>46</label><institution>School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff47"><label>47</label><institution>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge,<country>UK</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label>E-mail: <email>ktsilidi@cc.uoi.gr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>113</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>840</fpage><lpage>847</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Cancer Research UK</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Cancer Research UK</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>From twelve months after its original publication, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Results from several cohort and case–control studies suggest a protective association between current alcohol intake and risk of thyroid carcinoma, but the epidemiological evidence is not completely consistent and several questions remain unanswered.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>The association between alcohol consumption at recruitment and over the lifetime and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma was examined in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Among 477 263 eligible participants (70% women), 556 (90% women) were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma over a mean follow-up of 11 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Compared with participants consuming 0.1–4.9 g of alcohol per day at recruitment, participants consuming 15 or more grams (approximately 1–1.5 drinks) had a 23% lower risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HR=0.77; 95% CI=0.60–0.98). These findings did not differ greatly when analyses were conducted for lifetime alcohol consumption, although the risk estimates were attenuated and not statistically significant anymore. Similar results were observed by type of alcoholic beverage, by differentiated thyroid carcinoma histology or according to age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>Our study provides some support to the hypothesis that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a lower risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>alcohol consumption</kwd><kwd>thyroid carcinoma</kwd><kwd>prospective study</kwd><kwd>lifetime exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Distribution of participant characteristics at recruitment in the EPIC cohort by country</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>All</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Denmark</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>France</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Germany</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Greece</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Italy</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Netherlands</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Norway</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Spain</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Sweden</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>UK</bold></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=477 263)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=55 006)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=67 375)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=48 576)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=26 028)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=44 533)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=36 502)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=35 167)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=39 997)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=48 682)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">(<italic><bold>n</bold></italic><bold>=75 397)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean age, years</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">56.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">47.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Female, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">335 018 (70.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28 715 (52.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">67 375 (100)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 405 (56.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 223 (58.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30 506 (68.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 864 (73.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">35 167 (100)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 852 (62.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 370 (54.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52 543 (69.7)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Person years</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5 414 700</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">625 248</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">704 066</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">495 537</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">251 145</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">515 726</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">443 810</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">351 003</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">493 373</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">669 902</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">864 889</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">No. of cases, <italic>n</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">556</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">202</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">79</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">82</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Baseline alcohol intake, n (%)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Non-consumer</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">66 664 (14.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1235 (2.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9484 (14.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2217 (4.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6485 (24.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7435 (16.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5763 (15.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7254 (20.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 346 (38.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6814 (14.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4631 (6.1)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–4.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">164 560 (34.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 654 (19.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21 683 (32.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 375 (31.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9249 (35.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 658 (30.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 526 (34.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">20 778 (59.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7587 (18.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22 206 (45.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30 844 (41.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5.0–14.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">127 520 (26.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18 041 (32.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18 980 (28.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 482 (27.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5304 (20.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9828 (22.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8734 (23.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6768 (19.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5993 (15.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 222 (27.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 168 (36.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">118 519 (24.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25 076 (45.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 228 (25.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 502 (36.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4990 (19.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 612 (30.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9479 (26.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">367 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 071 (27.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6440 (13.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 754 (16.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean, g per d<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t1-fn2">a</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">16.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">16.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Lifetime alcohol intake, n (%)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Non-consumer</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">37 949 (8.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1750 (3.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9924 (14.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">722 (1.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5680 (21.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4934 (11.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1835 (5.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 389 (26.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2715 (3.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–4.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">120 726 (25.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 712 (21.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28 409 (42.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">16 561 (34.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8396 (32.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 756 (28.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6318 (17.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9042 (22.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 532 (36.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5.0–14.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">109 502 (22.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22 081 (40.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">19 639 (29.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 297 (31.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5096 (19.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 140 (22.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5101 (14.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6911 (17.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25 237 (33.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">95 022 (19.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">19 217 (40.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8445 (12.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 995 (32.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6856 (26.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 566 (26.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2158 (5.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 407 (33.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 378 (23)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">114 06 (23.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">246 (0.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">958 (1.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1 (0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5137 (11.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21 090 (57.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">35 167 (100)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">248 (0.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48 682 (100)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2535 (3.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean, g per d<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t1-fn2">a</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">16.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">14.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11.0</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; UK=United Kingdom; NA=not available.</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn2"><label>a</label><p>Mean values of alcohol consumption only among alcohol consumers.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Country and age-adjusted participant characteristics by categories of baseline alcohol intake and sex in the EPIC cohort<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t2-fn2">a</xref></title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Baseline alcohol intake (g per day)</bold><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Characteristics</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Non-consumers</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>0.1–4.9</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>5.0–14.9</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾<bold>15</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Women (n=335 018)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean age (s.d.), years</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51.8 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">49.6 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50.1 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51.2 (9.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">University graduate, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">19.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Current smoker, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18.8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Ever smoker, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">34.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">40.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">45.8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">56.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Physically active, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">32.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">39.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">43.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Ever hormone replacement therapy users,%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Ever oral contraceptive users, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">42.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">57.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">65.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">69.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Parous, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">90.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">87.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">85.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">84.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Postmenopausal (naturally or surgically), %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">45.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">42.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">39.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">38.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Diabetes, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean body mass index (s.d.), kg m<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.6 (4.14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25.2 (4.13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24.6 (4.12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24.4 (4.15)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean energy from non-alcohol (s.d.), kcal per day</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1811 (554)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1847 (553)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1895 (552)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1913 (555)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Men (n=142 245)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean age (s.d.), years</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">53.5 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50.7 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51.3 (9.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51.9 (9.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">University graduate, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Current smoker, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">33.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Ever smoker, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">63.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">55.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">73.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Physically active, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">41.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">46.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Diabetes, %</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean body mass index (s.d.), kg m<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.8 (4.12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.3 (4.12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.3 (4.12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26.7 (4.14)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean energy from non-alcohol (s.d.), kcal per day</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2297 (552)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2243 (552)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2293 (554)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2322 (554)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t2-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; s.d.=standard deviation.</p></fn><fn id="t2-fn2"><label>a</label><p>Country and age at recruitment-adjusted means with standard deviations are presented for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables using linear and logistic regression models, respectively.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Association of alcohol intake and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the EPIC cohort</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Intake at baseline</bold><hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Average lifetime intake</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn2">a</xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cases/cohort</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn3">b</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn4">c</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cases/cohort</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn3">b</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn4">c</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Total alcohol (g per day)</bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">98/66 566</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.98 (0.76–1.26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.97 (0.76–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">81/37 868</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.16 (0.89–1.52)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.16 (0.89–1.52)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–4.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">224/164 336</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">201/120 525</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5–14.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">127/127 393</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.76 (0.61–0.94)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.76 (0.61–0.95)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">125/109 377</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.86 (0.68–1.08)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.86 (0.69–1.08)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">107/118 412</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.76 (0.60–0.97)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.77 (0.60–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">76/94 946</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.68–1.21)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.67–1.21)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Per 10 g per day<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn5">d</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">458/410 141</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.84–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.84–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">402/324 848</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.93 (0.84–1.02)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.93 (0.84–1.02)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Alcohol from wine (g per day)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn6">e</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">124/98 185</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.95 (0.75–1.21)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.75–1.19)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102/63 771</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.07 (0.83–1.38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.07 (0.83–1.37)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–4.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">244/194 805</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">232/161 738</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (reference)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5–14.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">116/116 785</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.80 (0.63–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81 (0.64–1.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">110/91 736</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.74–1.19)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.75–1.19)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">72/66 932</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.74 (0.56–0.97)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.75 (0.57–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">112/159 462</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81 (0.56–1.17)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81 (0.56–1.17)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Per 10 g per day<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn5">d</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">458/410 141</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.82–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.82–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">402/324 848</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.84–1.09)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.84–1.09)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Alcohol from beer (g per day)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">321/213 960</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (0.88–1.38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.09 (0.87–1.37)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">255/150 311</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.01 (0.79–1.28)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (0.79–1.28)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–0.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">118/89 139</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">109/70 825</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1.0–2.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54/71 768</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.77 (0.55–1.07)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.77 (0.55–1.07)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60/55 400</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.97 (0.70–1.34)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.98 (0.71–1.35)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">63/101 840</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.65–1.26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.64–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59/86 180</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.06 (0.74–1.53)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.07 (0.74–1.54)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Per 3 g per d<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn5">d</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">458/410 141</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.90–1.03)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.90–1.03)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">402/324 848</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.92–1.07)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.92–1.07)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Alcohol from spirits (g per day)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn8">g</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">384/273 418</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (0.86–1.41)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.10 (0.86–1.41)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">312/179 769</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.27 (0.97–1.66)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.28 (0.98–1.68)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0.1–0.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">106/102 921</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">79/63 692</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (Reference)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1.0–2.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">38/44 975</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.89 (0.61–1.29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.88 (0.60–1.29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52/55 831</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.17 /0.82–1.68)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.16 (0.81–1.66)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28/55 393</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.82 (0.53–1.27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81 (0.52–1.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">40/63 424</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.25 (0.82–1.91)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.21 (0.79–1.84)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Per 3 g per d<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn5">d</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">458/410 141</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (0.90–1.10)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.89–1.10)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">402/324 848</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.92 (0.81–1.03)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.80–1.03)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-heterogeneity by type of beverage<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t3-fn5">d</xref>; <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.38; 0%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.42; 0%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t3-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn2"><label>a</label><p>This information was missing for participants from the EPIC centres of Naples, Bilthoven, Umea, Malmo and Norway.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn3"><label>b</label><p>From Cox proportional hazard models stratified by centre and age at recruitment; alcohol intake of one alcoholic beverage is mutually adjusted for the intake of the other two beverages.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn4"><label>c</label><p>From Cox proportional hazard models stratified by centre and age at recruitment and adjusted for cigarette smoking intensity, education, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes, energy from non-alcohol sources, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies and menopausal status; alcohol intake of one alcoholic beverage is mutually adjusted for the intake of the other two beverages.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn5"><label>d</label><p>Among consumers of alcoholic beverages only. When we performed analyses including both consumers and non-consumers of alcoholic beverages but after adjusting for being a consumer or not, the results were identical.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn6"><label>e</label><p>This group includes participants who did not consume wine, but consumed other alcoholic beverages.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn7"><label>f</label><p>This group includes participants who did not consume beer, but consumed other alcoholic beverages.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn8"><label>g</label><p>This group includes participants who did not consume spirits, but consumed other alcoholic beverages.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl4"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>Association of alcohol intake (per 10 g per day among consumers) and differentiated thyroid carcinoma by subgroups in the EPIC cohort</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Intake at baseline</bold><hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Average lifetime intake</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t4-fn2">a</xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Subgroups</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cases/cohort</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t4-fn3">b</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cases/cohort</bold></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>HR</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="t4-fn3">b</xref><bold>(95% CI)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Country</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Denmark</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22/53 749</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.02 (0.81–1.27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22/52 988</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.97 (0.66–1.43)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">France</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">174/57 717</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.81–1.03)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">166/56 327</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.92 (0.77–1.10)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Germany</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">76/46 283</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.79 (0.62–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">79/47 774</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.84 (0.65–1.09)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Greece</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17/19 526</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.04 (0.76–1.41)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17/20 331</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.71 (0.41–1.22)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Italy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">63/37 035</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.81–1.13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">57/34 405</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.81–1.22)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Norway</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27/27 886</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.54 (0.15–1.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Spain</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23/24 628</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.06 (0.75–1.50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28/29 332</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.08 (0.92–1.27)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Sweden</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18/41 850</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.77 (0.35–1.67)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NA</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">The Netherland</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11/30 728</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.11 (0.02–0.81)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7/13 570</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.35–2.64)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">United Kingdom</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27/70 739</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.84 (0.54–1.29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26/70 121</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.79 (0.50–1.25)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-heterogeneity; <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.35; 10%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.63; 0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Age at recruitment (years)</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><50</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">222/175 102</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.80–1.02)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">191/125 040</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.86 (0.73–1.00)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾50</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">236/235 039</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.82–1.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">211/191 352</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.97 (0.87–1.09)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-interaction</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.24</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Sex</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Male</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52/132 480</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.82–1.09)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">46/102 326</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.94 (0.82–1.07)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Female</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">406/277 661</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.89 (0.81–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">356/214 066</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.91 (0.80–1.04)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-interaction</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.80</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.86</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Body mass index</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><25 kg m<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">259/210 776</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.88 (0.79–0.99)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">223/160 200</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.88 (0.75–1.03)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">⩾25 kg m<sup>−2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">199/199 365</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.93 (0.84–1.04)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">179/156 192</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.85–1.08)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-interaction</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.43</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.26</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Smoking status</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Never smoker</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">244/192 158</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.83 (0.72–0.95)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">223/155 952</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.80 (0.66–0.98)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Former smoker</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">118/115 574</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.77–1.03)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">104/88 406</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.87–1.14)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Current smoker</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">84/94 199</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.99 (0.87–1.12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">66/67 058</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.92 (0.77–1.10)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-interaction</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.11</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.60</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><italic>Diabetes</italic></bold><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">No</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">440/386 254</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.83–0.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">392/301 062</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.93 (0.84–1.02)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Yes</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8/9353</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.17 (0.82–1.66)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8/8026</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.97 (0.64–1.46)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>-interaction</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.78</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.41</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t4-fn1"><p>Abbreviations: EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval; NA=not applicable.</p></fn><fn id="t4-fn2"><label>a</label><p>This information was missing for participants from the EPIC centres of Naples, Bilthoven, Umea, Malmo, and Norway.</p></fn><fn id="t4-fn3"><label>b</label><p>From Cox proportional hazard models stratified by centre and age at recruitment and adjusted for cigarette smoking intensity, education, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes, energy from non-alcohol sources, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies and menopausal status.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document 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