Sexual Niche Segregation and Gender-Specific Individual Specialisation in a Highly Dimorphic Marine Mammal
Identifieur interne : 000328 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000327; suivant : 000329Sexual Niche Segregation and Gender-Specific Individual Specialisation in a Highly Dimorphic Marine Mammal
Auteurs : Laëtitia Kernaléguen [Australie] ; Yves Cherel [France] ; Travis C. Knox [Australie] ; Alastair M. M. Baylis [Australie] ; John P. Y. Arnould [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
While sexual segregation is expected in highly dimorphic species, the local environment is a major factor driving the degree of resource partitioning within a population. Sexual and individual niche segregation was investigated in the Australian fur seal (
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133018
PubMed: 26244371
PubMed Central: 4526469
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Alastair M. M. Baylis<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands</addr-line>
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</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>While sexual segregation is expected in highly dimorphic species, the local environment is a major factor driving the degree of resource partitioning within a population. Sexual and individual niche segregation was investigated in the Australian fur seal (<italic>Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus</italic>
), which is a benthic foraging species restricted to the shallow continental shelf region of south-eastern Australia. Tracking data and the isotopic values of plasma, red blood cells and whiskers were combined to document spatial and dietary niche segregation throughout the year. Tracking data indicated that, in winter, males and females overlapped in their foraging habitat. All individuals stayed within central Bass Strait, relatively close (< 220 km) to the breeding colony. Accordingly, both genders exhibited similar plasma and red cell δ<sup>13</sup>
C values. However, males exhibited greater δ<sup>13</sup>
C intra-individual variation along the length of their whisker than females. This suggests that males exploited a greater diversity of foraging habitats throughout the year than their female counterparts, which are restricted in their foraging grounds by the need to regularly return to the breeding colony to suckle their pup. The degree of dietary sexual segregation was also surprisingly low, both sexes exhibiting a great overlap in their δ<sup>15</sup>
N values. Yet, males displayed higher δ<sup>15</sup>
N values than females, suggesting they fed upon a higher proportion of higher trophic level prey. Given that males and females exploit different resources (mainly foraging habitats), the degree of individual specialisation might differ between the sexes. Higher degrees of individual specialisation would be expected in males which exploit a greater range of resources. However, comparable levels of inter-individual variation in δ<sup>15</sup>
N whisker values were found in the sampled males and females, and, surprisingly, all males exhibited similar seasonal and inter-annual variation in their δ<sup>13</sup>
C whisker values, suggesting they all followed the same general dispersion pattern throughout the year.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26244371</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4526469</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0133018</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-14054</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Sexual Niche Segregation and Gender-Specific Individual Specialisation in a Highly Dimorphic Marine Mammal</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Sexual and Individual Niche Segregation in the Australian Fur Seal</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kernaléguen</surname>
<given-names>Laëtitia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cherel</surname>
<given-names>Yves</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knox</surname>
<given-names>Travis C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baylis</surname>
<given-names>Alastair M. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arnould</surname>
<given-names>John P. Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff003"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Crocker</surname>
<given-names>Daniel E</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Sonoma State University, UNITED STATES</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: LK JPYA. Performed the experiments: LK TCK AMMB. Analyzed the data: LK TCK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LK YC. Wrote the paper: LK.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>lkernale@deakin.edu.au</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<elocation-id>e0133018</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Kernaléguen et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0133018.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>While sexual segregation is expected in highly dimorphic species, the local environment is a major factor driving the degree of resource partitioning within a population. Sexual and individual niche segregation was investigated in the Australian fur seal (<italic>Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus</italic>
), which is a benthic foraging species restricted to the shallow continental shelf region of south-eastern Australia. Tracking data and the isotopic values of plasma, red blood cells and whiskers were combined to document spatial and dietary niche segregation throughout the year. Tracking data indicated that, in winter, males and females overlapped in their foraging habitat. All individuals stayed within central Bass Strait, relatively close (< 220 km) to the breeding colony. Accordingly, both genders exhibited similar plasma and red cell δ<sup>13</sup>
C values. However, males exhibited greater δ<sup>13</sup>
C intra-individual variation along the length of their whisker than females. This suggests that males exploited a greater diversity of foraging habitats throughout the year than their female counterparts, which are restricted in their foraging grounds by the need to regularly return to the breeding colony to suckle their pup. The degree of dietary sexual segregation was also surprisingly low, both sexes exhibiting a great overlap in their δ<sup>15</sup>
N values. Yet, males displayed higher δ<sup>15</sup>
N values than females, suggesting they fed upon a higher proportion of higher trophic level prey. Given that males and females exploit different resources (mainly foraging habitats), the degree of individual specialisation might differ between the sexes. Higher degrees of individual specialisation would be expected in males which exploit a greater range of resources. However, comparable levels of inter-individual variation in δ<sup>15</sup>
N whisker values were found in the sampled males and females, and, surprisingly, all males exhibited similar seasonal and inter-annual variation in their δ<sup>13</sup>
C whisker values, suggesting they all followed the same general dispersion pattern throughout the year.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>The research was financially supported by the Winifred Violet Scott Charitable Trust and the Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<page-count count="15"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All data supporting the results of the present study are available in the supporting information <xref rid="pone.0133018.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>
and <xref rid="pone.0133018.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2</xref>
Files.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All data supporting the results of the present study are available in the supporting information <xref rid="pone.0133018.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1</xref>
and <xref rid="pone.0133018.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2</xref>
Files.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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