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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height</title><author><name sortKey="Wood, Andrew R" sort="Wood, Andrew R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="Andrew R" last="Wood">Andrew R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, Tonu" sort="Esko, Tonu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="Tonu" last="Esko">Tonu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vedantam, Sailaja" sort="Vedantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vedantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vedantam">Sailaja Vedantam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H" last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Audrey Y" sort="Chu, Audrey Y" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Audrey Y" last="Chu">Audrey Y. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Estrada, Karol" sort="Estrada, Karol" uniqKey="Estrada K" first="Karol" last="Estrada">Karol Estrada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltán" last="Kutalik">Zoltán Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L" last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croteau Chonka, Damien C" sort="Croteau Chonka, Damien C" uniqKey="Croteau Chonka D" first="Damien C" last="Croteau-Chonka">Damien C. Croteau-Chonka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Felix R" sort="Day, Felix R" uniqKey="Day F" first="Felix R" last="Day">Felix R. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Yanan" sort="Duan, Yanan" uniqKey="Duan Y" first="Yanan" last="Duan">Yanan Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fehrmann, Rudolf" sort="Fehrmann, Rudolf" uniqKey="Fehrmann R" first="Rudolf" last="Fehrmann">Rudolf Fehrmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Ken Sin" sort="Lo, Ken Sin" uniqKey="Lo K" first="Ken Sin" last="Lo">Ken Sin Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locke, Adam E" sort="Locke, Adam E" uniqKey="Locke A" first="Adam E" last="Locke">Adam E. Locke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porcu, Eleonora" sort="Porcu, Eleonora" uniqKey="Porcu E" first="Eleonora" last="Porcu">Eleonora Porcu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randall, Joshua C" sort="Randall, Joshua C" uniqKey="Randall J" first="Joshua C" last="Randall">Joshua C. Randall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherag, Andre" sort="Scherag, Andre" uniqKey="Scherag A" first="André" last="Scherag">André Scherag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vinkhuyzen, Anna Ae" sort="Vinkhuyzen, Anna Ae" uniqKey="Vinkhuyzen A" first="Anna Ae" last="Vinkhuyzen">Anna Ae Vinkhuyzen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W" last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" sort="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" uniqKey="Workalemahu T" first="Tsegaselassie" last="Workalemahu">Tsegaselassie Workalemahu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Eva" sort="Albrecht, Eva" uniqKey="Albrecht E" first="Eva" last="Albrecht">Eva Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Denise" sort="Anderson, Denise" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Denise" last="Anderson">Denise Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6008, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Jeffrey" sort="Baron, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Baron J" first="Jeffrey" last="Baron">Jeffrey Baron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human evelopment, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beekman, Marian" sort="Beekman, Marian" uniqKey="Beekman M" first="Marian" last="Beekman">Marian Beekman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B" last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feenstra, Bjarke" sort="Feenstra, Bjarke" uniqKey="Feenstra B" first="Bjarke" last="Feenstra">Bjarke Feenstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F" last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M" last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Jian" sort="Gong, Jian" uniqKey="Gong J" first="Jian" last="Gong">Jian Gong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E" last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E" last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Unhee" sort="Lim, Unhee" uniqKey="Lim U" first="Unhee" last="Lim">Unhee Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotay, Vaneet" sort="Lotay, Vaneet" uniqKey="Lotay V" first="Vaneet" last="Lotay">Vaneet Lotay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lui, Julian C" sort="Lui, Julian C" uniqKey="Lui J" first="Julian C" last="Lui">Julian C. Lui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human evelopment, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nalls, Michael A" sort="Nalls, Michael A" uniqKey="Nalls M" first="Michael A" last="Nalls">Michael A. Nalls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyholt, Dale R" sort="Nyholt, Dale R" uniqKey="Nyholt D" first="Dale R" last="Nyholt">Dale R. Nyholt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D" last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasko, Dorota" sort="Pasko, Dorota" uniqKey="Pasko D" first="Dorota" last="Pasko">Dorota Pasko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pechlivanis, Sonali" sort="Pechlivanis, Sonali" uniqKey="Pechlivanis S" first="Sonali" last="Pechlivanis">Sonali Pechlivanis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ried, Janina S" sort="Ried, Janina S" uniqKey="Ried J" first="Janina S" last="Ried">Janina S. Ried</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripke, Stephan" sort="Ripke, Stephan" uniqKey="Ripke S" first="Stephan" last="Ripke">Stephan Ripke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 85, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stancakova, Alena" sort="Stancakova, Alena" uniqKey="Stancakova A" first="Alena" last="Stancáková">Alena Stancáková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J" last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21225, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Laan, Sander W" sort="Van Der Laan, Sander W" uniqKey="Van Der Laan S" first="Sander W" last="Van Der Laan">Sander W. Van Der Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Setten, Jessica" sort="Van Setten, Jessica" uniqKey="Van Setten J" first="Jessica" last="Van Setten">Jessica Van Setten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V" last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Afzal, Uzma" sort="Afzal, Uzma" uniqKey="Afzal U" first="Uzma" last="Afzal">Uzma Afzal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arscott, Gillian M" sort="Arscott, Gillian M" uniqKey="Arscott G" first="Gillian M" last="Arscott">Gillian M. Arscott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrett, Amy" sort="Barrett, Amy" uniqKey="Barrett A" first="Amy" last="Barrett">Amy Barrett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Amanda J" sort="Bennett, Amanda J" uniqKey="Bennett A" first="Amanda J" last="Bennett">Amanda J. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berne, Christian" sort="Berne, Christian" uniqKey="Berne C" first="Christian" last="Berne">Christian Berne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottcher, Yvonne" sort="Bottcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Bottcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Böttcher">Yvonne Böttcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Heather A" sort="Boyd, Heather A" uniqKey="Boyd H" first="Heather A" last="Boyd">Heather A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">LifeLines, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckley, Brendan M" sort="Buckley, Brendan M" uniqKey="Buckley B" first="Brendan M" last="Buckley">Brendan M. Buckley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buyske, Steven" sort="Buyske, Steven" uniqKey="Buyske S" first="Steven" last="Buyske">Steven Buyske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caspersen, Ida H" sort="Caspersen, Ida H" uniqKey="Caspersen I" first="Ida H" last="Caspersen">Ida H. Caspersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S" last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudi Boehm, Simone" sort="Claudi Boehm, Simone" uniqKey="Claudi Boehm S" first="Simone" last="Claudi-Boehm">Simone Claudi-Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Matthew" sort="Cooper, Matthew" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Matthew" last="Cooper">Matthew Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6008, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daw, E Warwick" sort="Daw, E Warwick" uniqKey="Daw E" first="E Warwick" last="Daw">E Warwick Daw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Pim A" sort="De Jong, Pim A" uniqKey="De Jong P" first="Pim A" last="De Jong">Pim A. De Jong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deelen, Joris" sort="Deelen, Joris" uniqKey="Deelen J" first="Joris" last="Deelen">Joris Deelen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela" sort="Delgado, Graciela" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela" last="Delgado">Graciela Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denny, Josh C" sort="Denny, Josh C" uniqKey="Denny J" first="Josh C" last="Denny">Josh C. Denny</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie" sort="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie" uniqKey="Dhonukshe Rutten R" first="Rosalie" last="Dhonukshe-Rutten">Rosalie Dhonukshe-Rutten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex Sf" sort="Doney, Alex Sf" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex Sf" last="Doney">Alex Sf Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folkersen, Lasse" sort="Folkersen, Lasse" uniqKey="Folkersen L" first="Lasse" last="Folkersen">Lasse Folkersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, Melissa E" sort="Garcia, Melissa E" uniqKey="Garcia M" first="Melissa E" last="Garcia">Melissa E. Garcia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Frank" sort="Geller, Frank" uniqKey="Geller F" first="Frank" last="Geller">Frank Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" sort="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" uniqKey="Giedraitis V" first="Vilmantas" last="Giedraitis">Vilmantas Giedraitis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Go, Alan S" sort="Go, Alan S" uniqKey="Go A" first="Alan S" last="Go">Alan S. Go</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B" last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Ler, Jurgen" sort="Gr Ler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gr Ler J" first="Jürgen" last="Gr Ler">Jürgen Gr Ler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gronberg, Henrik" sort="Gronberg, Henrik" uniqKey="Gronberg H" first="Henrik" last="Grönberg">Henrik Grönberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J" last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haessler, Jeffrey" sort="Haessler, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Haessler J" first="Jeffrey" last="Haessler">Jeffrey Haessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Goran" last="Hallmans">Goran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hannemann, Anke" sort="Hannemann, Anke" uniqKey="Hannemann A" first="Anke" last="Hannemann">Anke Hannemann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A" last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L" last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helmer, Quinta" sort="Helmer, Quinta" uniqKey="Helmer Q" first="Quinta" last="Helmer">Quinta Helmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemani, Gibran" sort="Hemani, Gibran" uniqKey="Hemani G" first="Gibran" last="Hemani">Gibran Hemani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henders, Anjali K" sort="Henders, Anjali K" uniqKey="Henders A" first="Anjali K" last="Henders">Anjali K. Henders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans L" sort="Hillege, Hans L" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans L" last="Hillege">Hans L. Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hlatky, Mark A" sort="Hlatky, Mark A" uniqKey="Hlatky M" first="Mark A" last="Hlatky">Mark A. Hlatky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Wolfgang" sort="Hoffmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hoffmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hoffmann">Wolfgang Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Per" sort="Hoffmann, Per" uniqKey="Hoffmann P" first="Per" last="Hoffmann">Per Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmen, Oddgeir" sort="Holmen, Oddgeir" uniqKey="Holmen O" first="Oddgeir" last="Holmen">Oddgeir Holmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houwing Duistermaat, Jeanine J" sort="Houwing Duistermaat, Jeanine J" uniqKey="Houwing Duistermaat J" first="Jeanine J" last="Houwing-Duistermaat">Jeanine J. Houwing-Duistermaat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L" last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, CRAWLEY 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeff, Janina" sort="Jeff, Janina" uniqKey="Jeff J" first="Janina" last="Jeff">Janina Jeff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansen, Berit" sort="Johansen, Berit" uniqKey="Johansen B" first="Berit" last="Johansen">Berit Johansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jolley, Jennifer" sort="Jolley, Jennifer" uniqKey="Jolley J" first="Jennifer" last="Jolley">Jennifer Jolley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juliusdottir, Thorhildur" sort="Juliusdottir, Thorhildur" uniqKey="Juliusdottir T" first="Thorhildur" last="Juliusdottir">Thorhildur Juliusdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junttila, Juhani" sort="Junttila, Juhani" uniqKey="Junttila J" first="Juhani" last="Junttila">Juhani Junttila</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Medicine, University of Oulo, Oulo, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kho, Abel N" sort="Kho, Abel N" uniqKey="Kho A" first="Abel N" last="Kho">Abel N. Kho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klopp, Norman" sort="Klopp, Norman" uniqKey="Klopp N" first="Norman" last="Klopp">Norman Klopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kocher, Thomas" sort="Kocher, Thomas" uniqKey="Kocher T" first="Thomas" last="Kocher">Thomas Kocher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kratzer, Wolfgang" sort="Kratzer, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Kratzer W" first="Wolfgang" last="Kratzer">Wolfgang Kratzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Steno Diabetes Center A, S, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik Ke" sort="Magnusson, Patrik Ke" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik Ke" last="Magnusson">Patrik Ke Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maillard, Marc" sort="Maillard, Marc" uniqKey="Maillard M" first="Marc" last="Maillard">Marc Maillard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A" last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclachlan, Stela" sort="Mclachlan, Stela" uniqKey="Mclachlan S" first="Stela" last="Mclachlan">Stela Mclachlan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaren, Paul J" sort="Mclaren, Paul J" uniqKey="Mclaren P" first="Paul J" last="Mclaren">Paul J. Mclaren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Global Health Institute, Department of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merger, Sigrun" sort="Merger, Sigrun" uniqKey="Merger S" first="Sigrun" last="Merger">Sigrun Merger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milani, Lili" sort="Milani, Lili" uniqKey="Milani L" first="Lili" last="Milani">Lili Milani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moayyeri, Alireza" sort="Moayyeri, Alireza" uniqKey="Moayyeri A" first="Alireza" last="Moayyeri">Alireza Moayyeri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L" last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">The Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morken, Mario A" sort="Morken, Mario A" uniqKey="Morken M" first="Mario A" last="Morken">Mario A. Morken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabriele" sort="Muller, Gabriele" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabriele" last="Müller">Gabriele Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, Arthur W" sort="Musk, Arthur W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="Arthur W" last="Musk">Arthur W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nauck, Matthias" sort="Nauck, Matthias" uniqKey="Nauck M" first="Matthias" last="Nauck">Matthias Nauck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M" last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nothen, Markus M" sort="Nothen, Markus M" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Markus M" last="Nöthen">Markus M. Nöthen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oozageer, Laticia" sort="Oozageer, Laticia" uniqKey="Oozageer L" first="Laticia" last="Oozageer">Laticia Oozageer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilz, Stefan" sort="Pilz, Stefan" uniqKey="Pilz S" first="Stefan" last="Pilz">Stefan Pilz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renstrom">Frida Renstrom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Neil R" sort="Robertson, Neil R" uniqKey="Robertson N" first="Neil R" last="Robertson">Neil R. Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M" last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, F-75018 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">INSERM, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Paris Diderot University, F-75018 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholtens, Salome" sort="Scholtens, Salome" uniqKey="Scholtens S" first="Salome" last="Scholtens">Salome Scholtens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick R" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick R" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick R" last="Schumacher">Fredrick R. Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schunkert, Heribert" sort="Schunkert, Heribert" uniqKey="Schunkert H" first="Heribert" last="Schunkert">Heribert Schunkert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A" last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sehmi, Joban" sort="Sehmi, Joban" uniqKey="Sehmi J" first="Joban" last="Sehmi">Joban Sehmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seufferlein, Thomas" sort="Seufferlein, Thomas" uniqKey="Seufferlein T" first="Thomas" last="Seufferlein">Thomas Seufferlein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silventoinen, Karri" sort="Silventoinen, Karri" uniqKey="Silventoinen K" first="Karri" last="Silventoinen">Karri Silventoinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Johannes H" sort="Smit, Johannes H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Johannes H" last="Smit">Johannes H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smolonska, Joanna" sort="Smolonska, Joanna" uniqKey="Smolonska J" first="Joanna" last="Smolonska">Joanna Smolonska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanton, Alice V" sort="Stanton, Alice V" uniqKey="Stanton A" first="Alice V" last="Stanton">Alice V. Stanton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, David J" sort="Stott, David J" uniqKey="Stott D" first="David J" last="Stott">David J. Stott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundstrom, Johan" sort="Sundstrom, Johan" uniqKey="Sundstrom J" first="Johan" last="Sundström">Johan Sundström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swertz, Morris A" sort="Swertz, Morris A" uniqKey="Swertz M" first="Morris A" last="Swertz">Morris A. Swertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75144, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O" last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 61053, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Jonathan P" sort="Tyrer, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Tyrer J" first="Jonathan P" last="Tyrer">Jonathan P. Tyrer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">Department of Ocology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Suzanne" sort="Van Dijk, Suzanne" uniqKey="Van Dijk S" first="Suzanne" last="Van Dijk">Suzanne Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M" last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Internal Medicine section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Heemst, Diana" sort="Van Heemst, Diana" uniqKey="Van Heemst D" first="Diana" last="Van Heemst">Diana Van Heemst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Oort, Floor Va" sort="Van Oort, Floor Va" uniqKey="Van Oort F" first="Floor Va" last="Van Oort">Floor Va Van Oort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Sita H" sort="Vermeulen, Sita H" uniqKey="Vermeulen S" first="Sita H" last="Vermeulen">Sita H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A179">Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonk, Judith M" sort="Vonk, Judith M" uniqKey="Vonk J" first="Judith M" last="Vonk">Judith M. Vonk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L" last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wennauer, Roman" sort="Wennauer, Roman" uniqKey="Wennauer R" first="Roman" last="Wennauer">Roman Wennauer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A180">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkens, Lynne R" sort="Wilkens, Lynne R" uniqKey="Wilkens L" first="Lynne R" last="Wilkens">Lynne R. Wilkens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willenborg, Christina" sort="Willenborg, Christina" uniqKey="Willenborg C" first="Christina" last="Willenborg">Christina Willenborg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, Lubeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wojczynski, Mary K" sort="Wojczynski, Mary K" uniqKey="Wojczynski M" first="Mary K" last="Wojczynski">Mary K. Wojczynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Qunyuan" sort="Zhang, Qunyuan" uniqKey="Zhang Q" first="Qunyuan" last="Zhang">Qunyuan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A185">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan Jl" sort="Bakker, Stephan Jl" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan Jl" last="Bakker">Stephan Jl Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A188">Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biffar, Reiner" sort="Biffar, Reiner" uniqKey="Biffar R" first="Reiner" last="Biffar">Reiner Biffar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A190">Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bovet, Pascal" sort="Bovet, Pascal" uniqKey="Bovet P" first="Pascal" last="Bovet">Pascal Bovet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A193">Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Morris J" sort="Brown, Morris J" uniqKey="Brown M" first="Morris J" last="Brown">Morris J. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A194">Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark J" sort="Caulfield, Mark J" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark J" last="Caulfield">Mark J. Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Rory" sort="Collins, Rory" uniqKey="Collins R" first="Rory" last="Collins">Rory Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Dana C" sort="Crawford, Dana C" uniqKey="Crawford D" first="Dana C" last="Crawford">Dana C. Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A196">Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37203, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A197">Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L Adrienne" last="Cupples">L Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A198">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, John" sort="Danesh, John" uniqKey="Danesh J" first="John" last="Danesh">John Danesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A200">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Ruijter, Hester M" sort="Den Ruijter, Hester M" uniqKey="Den Ruijter H" first="Hester M" last="Den Ruijter">Hester M. Den Ruijter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A201">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erbel, Raimund" sort="Erbel, Raimund" uniqKey="Erbel R" first="Raimund" last="Erbel">Raimund Erbel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A202">Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, Lubeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G" last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A203">Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A204">Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrannini, Ele" sort="Ferrannini, Ele" uniqKey="Ferrannini E" first="Ele" last="Ferrannini">Ele Ferrannini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A205">Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A206">CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A207">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A208">Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Terrence" sort="Forrester, Terrence" uniqKey="Forrester T" first="Terrence" last="Forrester">Terrence Forrester</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T" last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V" last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A209">NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golay, Alain" sort="Golay, Alain" uniqKey="Golay A" first="Alain" last="Golay">Alain Golay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A210">Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Omri" sort="Gottesman, Omri" uniqKey="Gottesman O" first="Omri" last="Gottesman">Omri Gottesman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, David W" sort="Haas, David W" uniqKey="Haas D" first="David W" last="Haas">David W. Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A211">Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Alistair S" sort="Hall, Alistair S" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Alistair S" last="Hall">Alistair S. Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A212">Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T" last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A213">Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Andrew C" sort="Heath, Andrew C" uniqKey="Heath A" first="Andrew C" last="Heath">Andrew C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengstenberg, Christian" sort="Hengstenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Hengstenberg C" first="Christian" last="Hengstenberg">Christian Hengstenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A215">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A216">Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hindorff, Lucia A" sort="Hindorff, Lucia A" uniqKey="Hindorff L" first="Lucia A" last="Hindorff">Lucia A. Hindorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A217">Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon D" sort="Hingorani, Aroon D" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon D" last="Hingorani">Aroon D. Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A218">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A219">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E" last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A220">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Steven C" sort="Hunt, Steven C" uniqKey="Hunt S" first="Steven C" last="Hunt">Steven C. Hunt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A221">Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hypponen">Elina Hypponen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A222">School of Population Health and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A223">South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A224">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B" last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A225">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A226">MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A227">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A228">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A229">Institute of Health Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jousilahti, Pekka" sort="Jousilahti, Pekka" uniqKey="Jousilahti P" first="Pekka" last="Jousilahti">Pekka Jousilahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti M" sort="Jula, Antti M" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti M" last="Jula">Antti M. Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A230">Hjelt Institute Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kastelein, John Jp" sort="Kastelein, John Jp" uniqKey="Kastelein J" first="John Jp" last="Kastelein">John Jp Kastelein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A219">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayser, Manfred" sort="Kayser, Manfred" uniqKey="Kayser M" first="Manfred" last="Kayser">Manfred Kayser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A231">Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kee, Frank" sort="Kee, Frank" uniqKey="Kee F" first="Frank" last="Kee">Frank Kee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A232">UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), Queens University of Belfast, Northern Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" sort="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" uniqKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi S" first="Sirkka M" last="Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi">Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A233">Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A234">Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiemeney, Lambertus A" sort="Kiemeney, Lambertus A" uniqKey="Kiemeney L" first="Lambertus A" last="Kiemeney">Lambertus A. Kiemeney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A235">Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S" last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A236">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A237">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraja, Aldi T" sort="Kraja, Aldi T" uniqKey="Kraja A" first="Aldi T" last="Kraja">Aldi T. Kraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A239">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A" last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A240">Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A241">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A242">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lupoli, Sara" sort="Lupoli, Sara" uniqKey="Lupoli S" first="Sara" last="Lupoli">Sara Lupoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A243">Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, I 20142, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A244">Fondazione Filarete, Milano I 20139, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madden, Pamela Af" sort="Madden, Pamela Af" uniqKey="Madden P" first="Pamela Af" last="Madden">Pamela Af Madden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manunta, Paolo" sort="Manunta, Paolo" uniqKey="Manunta P" first="Paolo" last="Manunta">Paolo Manunta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A245">Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano I 20132, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A246">Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano I 20132, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marette, Andre" sort="Marette, Andre" uniqKey="Marette A" first="André" last="Marette">André Marette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A247">Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matise, Tara C" sort="Matise, Tara C" uniqKey="Matise T" first="Tara C" last="Matise">Tara C. Matise</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A249">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meitinger, Thomas" sort="Meitinger, Thomas" uniqKey="Meitinger T" first="Thomas" last="Meitinger">Thomas Meitinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moll, Frans L" sort="Moll, Frans L" uniqKey="Moll F" first="Frans L" last="Moll">Frans L. Moll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A250">Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W" last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A251">Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Jeffrey C" sort="Murray, Jeffrey C" uniqKey="Murray J" first="Jeffrey C" last="Murray">Jeffrey C. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A252">Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa IA 52242, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelis, Mari" sort="Nelis, Mari" uniqKey="Nelis M" first="Mari" last="Nelis">Mari Nelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J" last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K" last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouwehand, Willem H" sort="Ouwehand, Willem H" uniqKey="Ouwehand W" first="Willem H" last="Ouwehand">Willem H. Ouwehand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasterkamp, Gerard" sort="Pasterkamp, Gerard" uniqKey="Pasterkamp G" first="Gerard" last="Pasterkamp">Gerard Pasterkamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A253">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P" last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A215">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A216">Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A254">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T" last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A256">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A257">Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Dc" sort="Rao, Dc" uniqKey="Rao D" first="Dc" last="Rao">Dc Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K" last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Marylyn" sort="Ritchie, Marylyn" uniqKey="Ritchie M" first="Marylyn" last="Ritchie">Marylyn Ritchie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A259">Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A260">Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J" last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A261">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A262">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saramies, Jouko" sort="Saramies, Jouko" uniqKey="Saramies J" first="Jouko" last="Saramies">Jouko Saramies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A263">South Carelia Central Hospital. 53130 Lappeenranta. Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A" last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter Eh" sort="Schwarz, Peter Eh" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter Eh" last="Schwarz">Peter Eh Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A264">Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sebert, Sylvain" sort="Sebert, Sylvain" uniqKey="Sebert S" first="Sylvain" last="Sebert">Sylvain Sebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A229">Institute of Health Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sever, Peter" sort="Sever, Peter" uniqKey="Sever P" first="Peter" last="Sever">Peter Sever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A265">International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A266">Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A267">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinisalo, Juha" sort="Sinisalo, Juha" uniqKey="Sinisalo J" first="Juha" last="Sinisalo">Juha Sinisalo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A268">HUCH Heart and Lungcenter, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P" last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jean Claude" sort="Tardif, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Tardif">Jean-Claude Tardif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A269">Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A270">Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A271">Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan 20133, italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A272">Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amouyel, Philippe" sort="Amouyel, Philippe" uniqKey="Amouyel P" first="Philippe" last="Amouyel">Philippe Amouyel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A278">Institut Pasteur de Lille; INSERM, U744; Université de Lille 2; F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asselbergs, Folkert W" sort="Asselbergs, Folkert W" uniqKey="Asselbergs F" first="Folkert W" last="Asselbergs">Folkert W. Asselbergs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A218">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A279">Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L" last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O" last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A281">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A282">Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottinger, Erwin P" sort="Bottinger, Erwin P" uniqKey="Bottinger E" first="Erwin P" last="Bottinger">Erwin P. Bottinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchi, Stephane" sort="Cauchi, Stephane" uniqKey="Cauchi S" first="Stéphane" last="Cauchi">Stéphane Cauchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C" last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A236">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S" last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 61053, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bakker, Paul Iw" sort="De Bakker, Paul Iw" uniqKey="De Bakker P" first="Paul Iw" last="De Bakker">Paul Iw De Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A283">Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A284">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21225, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C" last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A285">Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A" last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, M Geoffrey" sort="Hayes, M Geoffrey" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="M Geoffrey" last="Hayes">M Geoffrey Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A222">School of Population Health and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A286">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A287">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C" last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A288">Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Department of epidemiology and population health, Belfer 1306, NY 10461, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A239">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A289">Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G" last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A290">Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moebus, Susanne" sort="Moebus, Susanne" uniqKey="Moebus S" first="Susanne" last="Moebus">Susanne Moebus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A291">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin Na" sort="Palmer, Colin Na" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin Na" last="Palmer">Colin Na Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L" last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A270">Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, Joseph E" sort="Powell, Joseph E" uniqKey="Powell J" first="Joseph E" last="Powell">Joseph E. Powell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A224">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A241">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reinmaa, Eva" sort="Reinmaa, Eva" uniqKey="Reinmaa E" first="Eva" last="Reinmaa">Eva Reinmaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M" last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A292">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I" last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A293">Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saaristo, Timo E" sort="Saaristo, Timo E" uniqKey="Saaristo T" first="Timo E" last="Saaristo">Timo E. Saaristo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A294">Finnish Diabetes Association, Kirjoniementie 15, FI-33680 Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A295">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saleheen, Danish" sort="Saleheen, Danish" uniqKey="Saleheen D" first="Danish" last="Saleheen">Danish Saleheen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A296">Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karatchi, Pakistan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A297">Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A298">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slagboom, P Eline" sort="Slagboom, P Eline" uniqKey="Slagboom P" first="P Eline" last="Slagboom">P Eline Slagboom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A299">Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A300">Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A301">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A302">Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A303">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A304">Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H-Erich" last="Wichmann">H-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A305">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A306">Klinikum Grosshadern, D-81377 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A307">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zanen, Pieter" sort="Zanen, Pieter" uniqKey="Zanen P" first="Pieter" last="Zanen">Pieter Zanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A308">Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A309">King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M" last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Speliotes, Elizabeth K" sort="Speliotes, Elizabeth K" uniqKey="Speliotes E" first="Elizabeth K" last="Speliotes">Elizabeth K. Speliotes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A310">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A311">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A312">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A313">NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S" last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E" last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A314">Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P" last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A315">Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A316">Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I" last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A317">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A311">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G" last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J" last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A318">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A319">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A320">Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Alkes L" sort="Price, Alkes L" uniqKey="Price A" first="Alkes L." last="Price">Alkes L. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A286">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A321">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lettre, Guillaume" sort="Lettre, Guillaume" uniqKey="Lettre G" first="Guillaume" last="Lettre">Guillaume Lettre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A269">Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth Jf" sort="Loos, Ruth Jf" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth Jf" last="Loos">Ruth Jf Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A322">The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weedon, Michael N" sort="Weedon, Michael N" uniqKey="Weedon M" first="Michael N" last="Weedon">Michael N. Weedon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A266">Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I" last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A292">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goddard, Michael E" sort="Goddard, Michael E" uniqKey="Goddard M" first="Michael E" last="Goddard">Michael E. Goddard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A323">Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 3083, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A324">Department of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M" last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N" last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M" last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25282103</idno><idno type="pmc">4250049</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4250049</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4250049</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.3097</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E38</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E38</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height</title><author><name sortKey="Wood, Andrew R" sort="Wood, Andrew R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="Andrew R" last="Wood">Andrew R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, Tonu" sort="Esko, Tonu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="Tonu" last="Esko">Tonu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Jian" sort="Yang, Jian" uniqKey="Yang J" first="Jian" last="Yang">Jian Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vedantam, Sailaja" sort="Vedantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vedantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vedantam">Sailaja Vedantam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pers, Tune H" sort="Pers, Tune H" uniqKey="Pers T" first="Tune H" last="Pers">Tune H. Pers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Audrey Y" sort="Chu, Audrey Y" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Audrey Y" last="Chu">Audrey Y. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Estrada, Karol" sort="Estrada, Karol" uniqKey="Estrada K" first="Karol" last="Estrada">Karol Estrada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltán" last="Kutalik">Zoltán Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L" last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croteau Chonka, Damien C" sort="Croteau Chonka, Damien C" uniqKey="Croteau Chonka D" first="Damien C" last="Croteau-Chonka">Damien C. Croteau-Chonka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Felix R" sort="Day, Felix R" uniqKey="Day F" first="Felix R" last="Day">Felix R. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Yanan" sort="Duan, Yanan" uniqKey="Duan Y" first="Yanan" last="Duan">Yanan Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fehrmann, Rudolf" sort="Fehrmann, Rudolf" uniqKey="Fehrmann R" first="Rudolf" last="Fehrmann">Rudolf Fehrmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, Juha" sort="Karjalainen, Juha" uniqKey="Karjalainen J" first="Juha" last="Karjalainen">Juha Karjalainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Ken Sin" sort="Lo, Ken Sin" uniqKey="Lo K" first="Ken Sin" last="Lo">Ken Sin Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Locke, Adam E" sort="Locke, Adam E" uniqKey="Locke A" first="Adam E" last="Locke">Adam E. Locke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porcu, Eleonora" sort="Porcu, Eleonora" uniqKey="Porcu E" first="Eleonora" last="Porcu">Eleonora Porcu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randall, Joshua C" sort="Randall, Joshua C" uniqKey="Randall J" first="Joshua C" last="Randall">Joshua C. Randall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherag, Andre" sort="Scherag, Andre" uniqKey="Scherag A" first="André" last="Scherag">André Scherag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vinkhuyzen, Anna Ae" sort="Vinkhuyzen, Anna Ae" uniqKey="Vinkhuyzen A" first="Anna Ae" last="Vinkhuyzen">Anna Ae Vinkhuyzen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westra, Harm Jan" sort="Westra, Harm Jan" uniqKey="Westra H" first="Harm-Jan" last="Westra">Harm-Jan Westra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W" last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" sort="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" uniqKey="Workalemahu T" first="Tsegaselassie" last="Workalemahu">Tsegaselassie Workalemahu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Eva" sort="Albrecht, Eva" uniqKey="Albrecht E" first="Eva" last="Albrecht">Eva Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Denise" sort="Anderson, Denise" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Denise" last="Anderson">Denise Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6008, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Jeffrey" sort="Baron, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Baron J" first="Jeffrey" last="Baron">Jeffrey Baron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human evelopment, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beekman, Marian" sort="Beekman, Marian" uniqKey="Beekman M" first="Marian" last="Beekman">Marian Beekman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B" last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feenstra, Bjarke" sort="Feenstra, Bjarke" uniqKey="Feenstra B" first="Bjarke" last="Feenstra">Bjarke Feenstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F" last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M" last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Jian" sort="Gong, Jian" uniqKey="Gong J" first="Jian" last="Gong">Jian Gong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E" last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E" last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Unhee" sort="Lim, Unhee" uniqKey="Lim U" first="Unhee" last="Lim">Unhee Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotay, Vaneet" sort="Lotay, Vaneet" uniqKey="Lotay V" first="Vaneet" last="Lotay">Vaneet Lotay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lui, Julian C" sort="Lui, Julian C" uniqKey="Lui J" first="Julian C" last="Lui">Julian C. Lui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human evelopment, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, Irene Mateo" sort="Leach, Irene Mateo" uniqKey="Leach I" first="Irene Mateo" last="Leach">Irene Mateo Leach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Gomez, Carolina" sort="Medina Gomez, Carolina" uniqKey="Medina Gomez C" first="Carolina" last="Medina-Gomez">Carolina Medina-Gomez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nalls, Michael A" sort="Nalls, Michael A" uniqKey="Nalls M" first="Michael A" last="Nalls">Michael A. Nalls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyholt, Dale R" sort="Nyholt, Dale R" uniqKey="Nyholt D" first="Dale R" last="Nyholt">Dale R. Nyholt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D" last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasko, Dorota" sort="Pasko, Dorota" uniqKey="Pasko D" first="Dorota" last="Pasko">Dorota Pasko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pechlivanis, Sonali" sort="Pechlivanis, Sonali" uniqKey="Pechlivanis S" first="Sonali" last="Pechlivanis">Sonali Pechlivanis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ried, Janina S" sort="Ried, Janina S" uniqKey="Ried J" first="Janina S" last="Ried">Janina S. Ried</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripke, Stephan" sort="Ripke, Stephan" uniqKey="Ripke S" first="Stephan" last="Ripke">Stephan Ripke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 85, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stancakova, Alena" sort="Stancakova, Alena" uniqKey="Stancakova A" first="Alena" last="Stancáková">Alena Stancáková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J" last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Yun Ju" sort="Sung, Yun Ju" uniqKey="Sung Y" first="Yun Ju" last="Sung">Yun Ju Sung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21225, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Laan, Sander W" sort="Van Der Laan, Sander W" uniqKey="Van Der Laan S" first="Sander W" last="Van Der Laan">Sander W. Van Der Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Setten, Jessica" sort="Van Setten, Jessica" uniqKey="Van Setten J" first="Jessica" last="Van Setten">Jessica Van Setten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V" last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Afzal, Uzma" sort="Afzal, Uzma" uniqKey="Afzal U" first="Uzma" last="Afzal">Uzma Afzal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arscott, Gillian M" sort="Arscott, Gillian M" uniqKey="Arscott G" first="Gillian M" last="Arscott">Gillian M. Arscott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrett, Amy" sort="Barrett, Amy" uniqKey="Barrett A" first="Amy" last="Barrett">Amy Barrett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Amanda J" sort="Bennett, Amanda J" uniqKey="Bennett A" first="Amanda J" last="Bennett">Amanda J. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berne, Christian" sort="Berne, Christian" uniqKey="Berne C" first="Christian" last="Berne">Christian Berne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bluher, Matthias" sort="Bluher, Matthias" uniqKey="Bluher M" first="Matthias" last="Blüher">Matthias Blüher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottcher, Yvonne" sort="Bottcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Bottcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Böttcher">Yvonne Böttcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Heather A" sort="Boyd, Heather A" uniqKey="Boyd H" first="Heather A" last="Boyd">Heather A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">LifeLines, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckley, Brendan M" sort="Buckley, Brendan M" uniqKey="Buckley B" first="Brendan M" last="Buckley">Brendan M. Buckley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buyske, Steven" sort="Buyske, Steven" uniqKey="Buyske S" first="Steven" last="Buyske">Steven Buyske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caspersen, Ida H" sort="Caspersen, Ida H" uniqKey="Caspersen I" first="Ida H" last="Caspersen">Ida H. Caspersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S" last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudi Boehm, Simone" sort="Claudi Boehm, Simone" uniqKey="Claudi Boehm S" first="Simone" last="Claudi-Boehm">Simone Claudi-Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Matthew" sort="Cooper, Matthew" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Matthew" last="Cooper">Matthew Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6008, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daw, E Warwick" sort="Daw, E Warwick" uniqKey="Daw E" first="E Warwick" last="Daw">E Warwick Daw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Pim A" sort="De Jong, Pim A" uniqKey="De Jong P" first="Pim A" last="De Jong">Pim A. De Jong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deelen, Joris" sort="Deelen, Joris" uniqKey="Deelen J" first="Joris" last="Deelen">Joris Deelen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela" sort="Delgado, Graciela" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela" last="Delgado">Graciela Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denny, Josh C" sort="Denny, Josh C" uniqKey="Denny J" first="Josh C" last="Denny">Josh C. Denny</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie" sort="Dhonukshe Rutten, Rosalie" uniqKey="Dhonukshe Rutten R" first="Rosalie" last="Dhonukshe-Rutten">Rosalie Dhonukshe-Rutten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex Sf" sort="Doney, Alex Sf" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex Sf" last="Doney">Alex Sf Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eklund, Niina" sort="Eklund, Niina" uniqKey="Eklund N" first="Niina" last="Eklund">Niina Eklund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eury, Elodie" sort="Eury, Elodie" uniqKey="Eury E" first="Elodie" last="Eury">Elodie Eury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folkersen, Lasse" sort="Folkersen, Lasse" uniqKey="Folkersen L" first="Lasse" last="Folkersen">Lasse Folkersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, Melissa E" sort="Garcia, Melissa E" uniqKey="Garcia M" first="Melissa E" last="Garcia">Melissa E. Garcia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Frank" sort="Geller, Frank" uniqKey="Geller F" first="Frank" last="Geller">Frank Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" sort="Giedraitis, Vilmantas" uniqKey="Giedraitis V" first="Vilmantas" last="Giedraitis">Vilmantas Giedraitis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Go, Alan S" sort="Go, Alan S" uniqKey="Go A" first="Alan S" last="Go">Alan S. Go</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B" last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Ler, Jurgen" sort="Gr Ler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gr Ler J" first="Jürgen" last="Gr Ler">Jürgen Gr Ler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gronberg, Henrik" sort="Gronberg, Henrik" uniqKey="Gronberg H" first="Henrik" last="Grönberg">Henrik Grönberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" sort="De Groot, Lisette C P G M" uniqKey="De Groot L" first="Lisette C. P. G. M." last="De Groot">Lisette C. P. G. M. De Groot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J" last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haessler, Jeffrey" sort="Haessler, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Haessler J" first="Jeffrey" last="Haessler">Jeffrey Haessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Per" sort="Hall, Per" uniqKey="Hall P" first="Per" last="Hall">Per Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Goran" last="Hallmans">Goran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hannemann, Anke" sort="Hannemann, Anke" uniqKey="Hannemann A" first="Anke" last="Hannemann">Anke Hannemann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A" last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L" last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helmer, Quinta" sort="Helmer, Quinta" uniqKey="Helmer Q" first="Quinta" last="Helmer">Quinta Helmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemani, Gibran" sort="Hemani, Gibran" uniqKey="Hemani G" first="Gibran" last="Hemani">Gibran Hemani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henders, Anjali K" sort="Henders, Anjali K" uniqKey="Henders A" first="Anjali K" last="Henders">Anjali K. Henders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillege, Hans L" sort="Hillege, Hans L" uniqKey="Hillege H" first="Hans L" last="Hillege">Hans L. Hillege</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hlatky, Mark A" sort="Hlatky, Mark A" uniqKey="Hlatky M" first="Mark A" last="Hlatky">Mark A. Hlatky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Wolfgang" sort="Hoffmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hoffmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hoffmann">Wolfgang Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Per" sort="Hoffmann, Per" uniqKey="Hoffmann P" first="Per" last="Hoffmann">Per Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmen, Oddgeir" sort="Holmen, Oddgeir" uniqKey="Holmen O" first="Oddgeir" last="Holmen">Oddgeir Holmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houwing Duistermaat, Jeanine J" sort="Houwing Duistermaat, Jeanine J" uniqKey="Houwing Duistermaat J" first="Jeanine J" last="Houwing-Duistermaat">Jeanine J. Houwing-Duistermaat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L" last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, CRAWLEY 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeff, Janina" sort="Jeff, Janina" uniqKey="Jeff J" first="Janina" last="Jeff">Janina Jeff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansen, Berit" sort="Johansen, Berit" uniqKey="Johansen B" first="Berit" last="Johansen">Berit Johansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jolley, Jennifer" sort="Jolley, Jennifer" uniqKey="Jolley J" first="Jennifer" last="Jolley">Jennifer Jolley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juliusdottir, Thorhildur" sort="Juliusdottir, Thorhildur" uniqKey="Juliusdottir T" first="Thorhildur" last="Juliusdottir">Thorhildur Juliusdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junttila, Juhani" sort="Junttila, Juhani" uniqKey="Junttila J" first="Juhani" last="Junttila">Juhani Junttila</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Medicine, University of Oulo, Oulo, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kho, Abel N" sort="Kho, Abel N" uniqKey="Kho A" first="Abel N" last="Kho">Abel N. Kho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klopp, Norman" sort="Klopp, Norman" uniqKey="Klopp N" first="Norman" last="Klopp">Norman Klopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kocher, Thomas" sort="Kocher, Thomas" uniqKey="Kocher T" first="Thomas" last="Kocher">Thomas Kocher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kratzer, Wolfgang" sort="Kratzer, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Kratzer W" first="Wolfgang" last="Kratzer">Wolfgang Kratzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtner, Peter" sort="Lichtner, Peter" uniqKey="Lichtner P" first="Peter" last="Lichtner">Peter Lichtner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobbens, Stephane" sort="Lobbens, Stephane" uniqKey="Lobbens S" first="Stéphane" last="Lobbens">Stéphane Lobbens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yingchang" sort="Lu, Yingchang" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yingchang" last="Lu">Yingchang Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Steno Diabetes Center A, S, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik Ke" sort="Magnusson, Patrik Ke" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik Ke" last="Magnusson">Patrik Ke Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maillard, Marc" sort="Maillard, Marc" uniqKey="Maillard M" first="Marc" last="Maillard">Marc Maillard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A" last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclachlan, Stela" sort="Mclachlan, Stela" uniqKey="Mclachlan S" first="Stela" last="Mclachlan">Stela Mclachlan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaren, Paul J" sort="Mclaren, Paul J" uniqKey="Mclaren P" first="Paul J" last="Mclaren">Paul J. Mclaren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Global Health Institute, Department of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menni, Cristina" sort="Menni, Cristina" uniqKey="Menni C" first="Cristina" last="Menni">Cristina Menni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merger, Sigrun" sort="Merger, Sigrun" uniqKey="Merger S" first="Sigrun" last="Merger">Sigrun Merger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milani, Lili" sort="Milani, Lili" uniqKey="Milani L" first="Lili" last="Milani">Lili Milani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moayyeri, Alireza" sort="Moayyeri, Alireza" uniqKey="Moayyeri A" first="Alireza" last="Moayyeri">Alireza Moayyeri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L" last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">The Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morken, Mario A" sort="Morken, Mario A" uniqKey="Morken M" first="Mario A" last="Morken">Mario A. Morken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabriele" sort="Muller, Gabriele" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabriele" last="Müller">Gabriele Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, Arthur W" sort="Musk, Arthur W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="Arthur W" last="Musk">Arthur W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nauck, Matthias" sort="Nauck, Matthias" uniqKey="Nauck M" first="Matthias" last="Nauck">Matthias Nauck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M" last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nothen, Markus M" sort="Nothen, Markus M" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Markus M" last="Nöthen">Markus M. Nöthen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oozageer, Laticia" sort="Oozageer, Laticia" uniqKey="Oozageer L" first="Laticia" last="Oozageer">Laticia Oozageer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilz, Stefan" sort="Pilz, Stefan" uniqKey="Pilz S" first="Stefan" last="Pilz">Stefan Pilz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renstrom">Frida Renstrom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Neil R" sort="Robertson, Neil R" uniqKey="Robertson N" first="Neil R" last="Robertson">Neil R. Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M" last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, F-75018 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">INSERM, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Paris Diderot University, F-75018 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholtens, Salome" sort="Scholtens, Salome" uniqKey="Scholtens S" first="Salome" last="Scholtens">Salome Scholtens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick R" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick R" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick R" last="Schumacher">Fredrick R. Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schunkert, Heribert" sort="Schunkert, Heribert" uniqKey="Schunkert H" first="Heribert" last="Schunkert">Heribert Schunkert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A" last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sehmi, Joban" sort="Sehmi, Joban" uniqKey="Sehmi J" first="Joban" last="Sehmi">Joban Sehmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seufferlein, Thomas" sort="Seufferlein, Thomas" uniqKey="Seufferlein T" first="Thomas" last="Seufferlein">Thomas Seufferlein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Jianxin" sort="Shi, Jianxin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jianxin" last="Shi">Jianxin Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silventoinen, Karri" sort="Silventoinen, Karri" uniqKey="Silventoinen K" first="Karri" last="Silventoinen">Karri Silventoinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Johannes H" sort="Smit, Johannes H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Johannes H" last="Smit">Johannes H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smolonska, Joanna" sort="Smolonska, Joanna" uniqKey="Smolonska J" first="Joanna" last="Smolonska">Joanna Smolonska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanton, Alice V" sort="Stanton, Alice V" uniqKey="Stanton A" first="Alice V" last="Stanton">Alice V. Stanton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, David J" sort="Stott, David J" uniqKey="Stott D" first="David J" last="Stott">David J. Stott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundstrom, Johan" sort="Sundstrom, Johan" uniqKey="Sundstrom J" first="Johan" last="Sundström">Johan Sundström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swertz, Morris A" sort="Swertz, Morris A" uniqKey="Swertz M" first="Morris A" last="Swertz">Morris A. Swertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75144, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O" last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 61053, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Jonathan P" sort="Tyrer, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Tyrer J" first="Jonathan P" last="Tyrer">Jonathan P. Tyrer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">Department of Ocology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Suzanne" sort="Van Dijk, Suzanne" uniqKey="Van Dijk S" first="Suzanne" last="Van Dijk">Suzanne Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schoor, Natasja M" sort="Van Schoor, Natasja M" uniqKey="Van Schoor N" first="Natasja M" last="Van Schoor">Natasja M. Van Schoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" sort="Van Der Velde, Nathalie" uniqKey="Van Der Velde N" first="Nathalie" last="Van Der Velde">Nathalie Van Der Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Internal Medicine section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Heemst, Diana" sort="Van Heemst, Diana" uniqKey="Van Heemst D" first="Diana" last="Van Heemst">Diana Van Heemst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Oort, Floor Va" sort="Van Oort, Floor Va" uniqKey="Van Oort F" first="Floor Va" last="Van Oort">Floor Va Van Oort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Sita H" sort="Vermeulen, Sita H" uniqKey="Vermeulen S" first="Sita H" last="Vermeulen">Sita H. Vermeulen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A179">Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonk, Judith M" sort="Vonk, Judith M" uniqKey="Vonk J" first="Judith M" last="Vonk">Judith M. Vonk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L" last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldenberger, Melanie" sort="Waldenberger, Melanie" uniqKey="Waldenberger M" first="Melanie" last="Waldenberger">Melanie Waldenberger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wennauer, Roman" sort="Wennauer, Roman" uniqKey="Wennauer R" first="Roman" last="Wennauer">Roman Wennauer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A180">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkens, Lynne R" sort="Wilkens, Lynne R" uniqKey="Wilkens L" first="Lynne R" last="Wilkens">Lynne R. Wilkens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willenborg, Christina" sort="Willenborg, Christina" uniqKey="Willenborg C" first="Christina" last="Willenborg">Christina Willenborg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, Lubeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wojczynski, Mary K" sort="Wojczynski, Mary K" uniqKey="Wojczynski M" first="Mary K" last="Wojczynski">Mary K. Wojczynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Qunyuan" sort="Zhang, Qunyuan" uniqKey="Zhang Q" first="Qunyuan" last="Zhang">Qunyuan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A185">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan Jl" sort="Bakker, Stephan Jl" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan Jl" last="Bakker">Stephan Jl Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A188">Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biffar, Reiner" sort="Biffar, Reiner" uniqKey="Biffar R" first="Reiner" last="Biffar">Reiner Biffar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A190">Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bovet, Pascal" sort="Bovet, Pascal" uniqKey="Bovet P" first="Pascal" last="Bovet">Pascal Bovet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A193">Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Morris J" sort="Brown, Morris J" uniqKey="Brown M" first="Morris J" last="Brown">Morris J. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A194">Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark J" sort="Caulfield, Mark J" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark J" last="Caulfield">Mark J. Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Rory" sort="Collins, Rory" uniqKey="Collins R" first="Rory" last="Collins">Rory Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Dana C" sort="Crawford, Dana C" uniqKey="Crawford D" first="Dana C" last="Crawford">Dana C. Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A196">Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37203, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A197">Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L Adrienne" last="Cupples">L Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A198">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, John" sort="Danesh, John" uniqKey="Danesh J" first="John" last="Danesh">John Danesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A200">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Ruijter, Hester M" sort="Den Ruijter, Hester M" uniqKey="Den Ruijter H" first="Hester M" last="Den Ruijter">Hester M. Den Ruijter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A201">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erbel, Raimund" sort="Erbel, Raimund" uniqKey="Erbel R" first="Raimund" last="Erbel">Raimund Erbel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A202">Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, Lubeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Johan G" sort="Eriksson, Johan G" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Johan G" last="Eriksson">Johan G. Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A203">Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A204">Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrannini, Ele" sort="Ferrannini, Ele" uniqKey="Ferrannini E" first="Ele" last="Ferrannini">Ele Ferrannini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A205">Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A206">CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A207">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A208">Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Terrence" sort="Forrester, Terrence" uniqKey="Forrester T" first="Terrence" last="Forrester">Terrence Forrester</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gansevoort, Ron T" sort="Gansevoort, Ron T" uniqKey="Gansevoort R" first="Ron T" last="Gansevoort">Ron T. Gansevoort</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V" last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A209">NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golay, Alain" sort="Golay, Alain" uniqKey="Golay A" first="Alain" last="Golay">Alain Golay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A210">Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Omri" sort="Gottesman, Omri" uniqKey="Gottesman O" first="Omri" last="Gottesman">Omri Gottesman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, David W" sort="Haas, David W" uniqKey="Haas D" first="David W" last="Haas">David W. Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A211">Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Alistair S" sort="Hall, Alistair S" uniqKey="Hall A" first="Alistair S" last="Hall">Alistair S. Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A212">Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T" last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A213">Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Andrew C" sort="Heath, Andrew C" uniqKey="Heath A" first="Andrew C" last="Heath">Andrew C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengstenberg, Christian" sort="Hengstenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Hengstenberg C" first="Christian" last="Hengstenberg">Christian Hengstenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A215">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A216">Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hindorff, Lucia A" sort="Hindorff, Lucia A" uniqKey="Hindorff L" first="Lucia A" last="Hindorff">Lucia A. Hindorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A217">Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon D" sort="Hingorani, Aroon D" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon D" last="Hingorani">Aroon D. Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A218">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A219">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E" last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A220">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Steven C" sort="Hunt, Steven C" uniqKey="Hunt S" first="Steven C" last="Hunt">Steven C. Hunt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A221">Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hypponen">Elina Hypponen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A222">School of Population Health and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A223">South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A224">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B" last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A225">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A226">MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A227">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A228">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A229">Institute of Health Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jousilahti, Pekka" sort="Jousilahti, Pekka" uniqKey="Jousilahti P" first="Pekka" last="Jousilahti">Pekka Jousilahti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti M" sort="Jula, Antti M" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti M" last="Jula">Antti M. Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A230">Hjelt Institute Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kastelein, John Jp" sort="Kastelein, John Jp" uniqKey="Kastelein J" first="John Jp" last="Kastelein">John Jp Kastelein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A219">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayser, Manfred" sort="Kayser, Manfred" uniqKey="Kayser M" first="Manfred" last="Kayser">Manfred Kayser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A231">Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kee, Frank" sort="Kee, Frank" uniqKey="Kee F" first="Frank" last="Kee">Frank Kee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A232">UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), Queens University of Belfast, Northern Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" sort="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" uniqKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi S" first="Sirkka M" last="Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi">Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A233">Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A234">Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiemeney, Lambertus A" sort="Kiemeney, Lambertus A" uniqKey="Kiemeney L" first="Lambertus A" last="Kiemeney">Lambertus A. Kiemeney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A235">Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S" last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A236">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A237">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraja, Aldi T" sort="Kraja, Aldi T" uniqKey="Kraja A" first="Aldi T" last="Kraja">Aldi T. Kraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A239">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A" last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A240">Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A241">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A242">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lupoli, Sara" sort="Lupoli, Sara" uniqKey="Lupoli S" first="Sara" last="Lupoli">Sara Lupoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A243">Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, I 20142, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A244">Fondazione Filarete, Milano I 20139, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madden, Pamela Af" sort="Madden, Pamela Af" uniqKey="Madden P" first="Pamela Af" last="Madden">Pamela Af Madden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manunta, Paolo" sort="Manunta, Paolo" uniqKey="Manunta P" first="Paolo" last="Manunta">Paolo Manunta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A245">Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano I 20132, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A246">Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano I 20132, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marette, Andre" sort="Marette, Andre" uniqKey="Marette A" first="André" last="Marette">André Marette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A247">Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matise, Tara C" sort="Matise, Tara C" uniqKey="Matise T" first="Tara C" last="Matise">Tara C. Matise</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcknight, Barbara" sort="Mcknight, Barbara" uniqKey="Mcknight B" first="Barbara" last="Mcknight">Barbara Mcknight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A249">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meitinger, Thomas" sort="Meitinger, Thomas" uniqKey="Meitinger T" first="Thomas" last="Meitinger">Thomas Meitinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moll, Frans L" sort="Moll, Frans L" uniqKey="Moll F" first="Frans L" last="Moll">Frans L. Moll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A250">Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W" last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A251">Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Jeffrey C" sort="Murray, Jeffrey C" uniqKey="Murray J" first="Jeffrey C" last="Murray">Jeffrey C. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A252">Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa IA 52242, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelis, Mari" sort="Nelis, Mari" uniqKey="Nelis M" first="Mari" last="Nelis">Mari Nelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J" last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K" last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouwehand, Willem H" sort="Ouwehand, Willem H" uniqKey="Ouwehand W" first="Willem H" last="Ouwehand">Willem H. Ouwehand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasterkamp, Gerard" sort="Pasterkamp, Gerard" uniqKey="Pasterkamp G" first="Gerard" last="Pasterkamp">Gerard Pasterkamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A253">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P" last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A215">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A216">Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A254">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano 39100, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T" last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A256">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A257">Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Dc" sort="Rao, Dc" uniqKey="Rao D" first="Dc" last="Rao">Dc Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Treva K" sort="Rice, Treva K" uniqKey="Rice T" first="Treva K" last="Rice">Treva K. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A214">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Marylyn" sort="Ritchie, Marylyn" uniqKey="Ritchie M" first="Marylyn" last="Ritchie">Marylyn Ritchie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A259">Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A260">Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J" last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A261">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A262">National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saramies, Jouko" sort="Saramies, Jouko" uniqKey="Saramies J" first="Jouko" last="Saramies">Jouko Saramies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A263">South Carelia Central Hospital. 53130 Lappeenranta. Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A" last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter Eh" sort="Schwarz, Peter Eh" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter Eh" last="Schwarz">Peter Eh Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A264">Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sebert, Sylvain" sort="Sebert, Sylvain" uniqKey="Sebert S" first="Sylvain" last="Sebert">Sylvain Sebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A229">Institute of Health Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sever, Peter" sort="Sever, Peter" uniqKey="Sever P" first="Peter" last="Sever">Peter Sever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A265">International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A266">Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A267">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinisalo, Juha" sort="Sinisalo, Juha" uniqKey="Sinisalo J" first="Juha" last="Sinisalo">Juha Sinisalo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A268">HUCH Heart and Lungcenter, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P" last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tardif, Jean Claude" sort="Tardif, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Tardif J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Tardif">Jean-Claude Tardif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A269">Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Angelo" sort="Tremblay, Angelo" uniqKey="Tremblay A" first="Angelo" last="Tremblay">Angelo Tremblay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A270">Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A271">Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan 20133, italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A272">Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amouyel, Philippe" sort="Amouyel, Philippe" uniqKey="Amouyel P" first="Philippe" last="Amouyel">Philippe Amouyel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A278">Institut Pasteur de Lille; INSERM, U744; Université de Lille 2; F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asselbergs, Folkert W" sort="Asselbergs, Folkert W" uniqKey="Asselbergs F" first="Folkert W" last="Asselbergs">Folkert W. Asselbergs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A218">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A279">Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L" last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O" last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A281">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A282">Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottinger, Erwin P" sort="Bottinger, Erwin P" uniqKey="Bottinger E" first="Erwin P" last="Bottinger">Erwin P. Bottinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A258">Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchi, Stephane" sort="Cauchi, Stephane" uniqKey="Cauchi S" first="Stéphane" last="Cauchi">Stéphane Cauchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C" last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A236">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S" last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 61053, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bakker, Paul Iw" sort="De Bakker, Paul Iw" uniqKey="De Bakker P" first="Paul Iw" last="De Bakker">Paul Iw De Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A283">Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A284">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21225, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C" last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A285">Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A" last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, M Geoffrey" sort="Hayes, M Geoffrey" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="M Geoffrey" last="Hayes">M Geoffrey Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A222">School of Population Health and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A255">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A286">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A287">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Robert C" sort="Kaplan, Robert C" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Robert C" last="Kaplan">Robert C. Kaplan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A288">Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Department of epidemiology and population health, Belfer 1306, NY 10461, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A238">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A239">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A289">Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G" last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A290">Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melbye, Mads" sort="Melbye, Mads" uniqKey="Melbye M" first="Mads" last="Melbye">Mads Melbye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moebus, Susanne" sort="Moebus, Susanne" uniqKey="Moebus S" first="Susanne" last="Moebus">Susanne Moebus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A291">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin Na" sort="Palmer, Colin Na" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin Na" last="Palmer">Colin Na Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L" last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A248">Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A270">Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, Joseph E" sort="Powell, Joseph E" uniqKey="Powell J" first="Joseph E" last="Powell">Joseph E. Powell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A224">Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A241">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reinmaa, Eva" sort="Reinmaa, Eva" uniqKey="Reinmaa E" first="Eva" last="Reinmaa">Eva Reinmaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M" last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A292">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I" last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A293">Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saaristo, Timo E" sort="Saaristo, Timo E" uniqKey="Saaristo T" first="Timo E" last="Saaristo">Timo E. Saaristo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A294">Finnish Diabetes Association, Kirjoniementie 15, FI-33680 Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A295">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saleheen, Danish" sort="Saleheen, Danish" uniqKey="Saleheen D" first="Danish" last="Saleheen">Danish Saleheen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A296">Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karatchi, Pakistan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A297">Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A298">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slagboom, P Eline" sort="Slagboom, P Eline" uniqKey="Slagboom P" first="P Eline" last="Slagboom">P Eline Slagboom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A299">Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A300">Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A301">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A302">Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A303">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A280">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A304">Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H-Erich" last="Wichmann">H-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A305">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A306">Klinikum Grosshadern, D-81377 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A307">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zanen, Pieter" sort="Zanen, Pieter" uniqKey="Zanen P" first="Pieter" last="Zanen">Pieter Zanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A308">Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A309">King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M" last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Speliotes, Elizabeth K" sort="Speliotes, Elizabeth K" uniqKey="Speliotes E" first="Elizabeth K" last="Speliotes">Elizabeth K. Speliotes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A310">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A311">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A312">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A313">NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S" last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E" last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A314">Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P" last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A315">Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A316">Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I" last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A317">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A311">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G" last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J" last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A318">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A319">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A320">Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Alkes L" sort="Price, Alkes L" uniqKey="Price A" first="Alkes L." last="Price">Alkes L. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A286">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A321">Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lettre, Guillaume" sort="Lettre, Guillaume" uniqKey="Lettre G" first="Guillaume" last="Lettre">Guillaume Lettre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A269">Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth Jf" sort="Loos, Ruth Jf" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth Jf" last="Loos">Ruth Jf Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A322">The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weedon, Michael N" sort="Weedon, Michael N" uniqKey="Weedon M" first="Michael N" last="Weedon">Michael N. Weedon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A266">Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I" last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A292">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goddard, Michael E" sort="Goddard, Michael E" uniqKey="Goddard M" first="Michael E" last="Goddard">Michael E. Goddard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A323">Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 3083, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A324">Department of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visscher, Peter M" sort="Visscher, Peter M" uniqKey="Visscher P" first="Peter M" last="Visscher">Peter M. Visscher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N" last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M" last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P55">Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explain one-fifth of heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ~2,000, ~3,700 and ~9,500 SNPs explained ~21%, ~24% and ~29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured the majority (60%) of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci enriched for genes, pathways, and tissue-types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/beta-catenin, and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Ra" uniqKey="Fisher R">RA Fisher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Silventoinen, K" uniqKey="Silventoinen K">K Silventoinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Visscher, Pm" uniqKey="Visscher P">PM Visscher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lango Allen, H" uniqKey="Lango Allen H">H Lango Allen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sh" uniqKey="Lee S">SH Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goddard, Me" uniqKey="Goddard M">ME Goddard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Visscher, Pm" uniqKey="Visscher P">PM Visscher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Voight, Bf" uniqKey="Voight B">BF Voight</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, Dm" uniqKey="Altshuler D">DM Altshuler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lui, Jc" uniqKey="Lui J">JC Lui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Segre, Av" uniqKey="Segre A">AV Segre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, L" uniqKey="Groop L">L Groop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mootha, Vk" uniqKey="Mootha V">VK Mootha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daly, Mj" uniqKey="Daly M">MJ Daly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, D" uniqKey="Altshuler D">D Altshuler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raychaudhuri, S" uniqKey="Raychaudhuri S">S Raychaudhuri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Pontual, L" uniqKey="De Pontual L">L de Pontual</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morales, J" uniqKey="Morales J">J Morales</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tian, J" uniqKey="Tian J">J Tian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Visscher, Pm" uniqKey="Visscher P">PM Visscher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Db" uniqKey="Goldstein D">DB Goldstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nusslein Volhard, C" uniqKey="Nusslein Volhard C">C Nüsslein-Volhard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wieschaus, E" uniqKey="Wieschaus E">E Wieschaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kluding, H" uniqKey="Kluding H">H Kluding</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cj" uniqKey="Willer C">CJ Willer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Gr" uniqKey="Abecasis G">GR Abecasis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kang, Hm" uniqKey="Kang H">HM Kang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Tw" uniqKey="Winkler T">TW Winkler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purcell, S" uniqKey="Purcell S">S Purcell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Al" uniqKey="Price A">AL Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lynch, M" uniqKey="Lynch M">M Lynch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walsh, B" uniqKey="Walsh B">B Walsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gusev, A" uniqKey="Gusev A">A Gusev</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geller, F" uniqKey="Geller F">F Geller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cvejic, A" uniqKey="Cvejic A">A Cvejic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lage, K" uniqKey="Lage K">K Lage</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Croft, D" uniqKey="Croft D">D Croft</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanehisa, M" uniqKey="Kanehisa M">M Kanehisa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goto, S" uniqKey="Goto S">S Goto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Y" uniqKey="Sato Y">Y Sato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Furumichi, M" uniqKey="Furumichi M">M Furumichi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanabe, M" uniqKey="Tanabe M">M Tanabe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25282103</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4250049</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.3097</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">EMS60217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Wood</surname><given-names>Andrew R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snieder</surname><given-names>Harold</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A122">122</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spector</surname><given-names>Tim D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A55">55</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strauch</surname><given-names>Konstantin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A153">153</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stumvoll</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A91">91</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A92">92</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tuomilehto</surname><given-names>Jaakko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A299">299</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A300">300</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A301">301</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uusitupa</surname><given-names>Matti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A302">302</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A303">303</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Harst</surname><given-names>Pim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A56">56</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A280">280</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Völzke</surname><given-names>Henry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A124">124</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A304">304</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname><given-names>Nicholas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heid</surname><given-names>Iris M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindgren</surname><given-names>Cecilia M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Speliotes</surname><given-names>Elizabeth K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A310">310</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thorsteinsdottir</surname><given-names>Unnur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A174">174</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A311">311</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso</surname><given-names>Inês</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A312">312</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A313">313</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fox</surname><given-names>Caroline S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A118">118</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>North</surname><given-names>Kari E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A314">314</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strachan</surname><given-names>David P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A315">315</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beckmann</surname><given-names>Jacques S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A316">316</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berndt</surname><given-names>Sonja I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A79">79</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehnke</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borecki</surname><given-names>Ingrid B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A317">317</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Andres</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stefansson</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A174">174</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A311">311</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname><given-names>André G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname><given-names>Cornelia M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A130">130</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franke</surname><given-names>Lude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willer</surname><given-names>Cristen J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A318">318</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A319">319</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A320">320</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Price</surname><given-names>Alkes L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A286">286</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A321">321</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lettre</surname><given-names>Guillaume</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A269">269</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loos</surname><given-names>Ruth JF</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A143">143</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A322">322</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weedon</surname><given-names>Michael N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O’Connell</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A266">266</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Goncalo R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chasman</surname><given-names>Daniel I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A292">292</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goddard</surname><given-names>Michael E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A323">323</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A324">324</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Visscher</surname><given-names>Peter M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Hirschhorn</surname><given-names>Joel N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Frayling</surname><given-names>Timothy M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6008, Australia</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human evelopment, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Division of Cardiovacular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ UK</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4006, Australia</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 85, Sweden</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21225, USA</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>LifeLines, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. USA.</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A109"><label>109</label>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</aff><aff id="A110"><label>110</label>Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA</aff><aff id="A111"><label>111</label>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A112"><label>112</label>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A113"><label>113</label>Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A114"><label>114</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden</aff><aff id="A115"><label>115</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A116"><label>116</label>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A117"><label>117</label>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK</aff><aff id="A118"><label>118</label>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham MA 01702, USA</aff><aff id="A119"><label>119</label>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA</aff><aff id="A120"><label>120</label>Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A121"><label>121</label>Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A122"><label>122</label>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A123"><label>123</label>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</aff><aff id="A124"><label>124</label>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A125"><label>125</label>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A126"><label>126</label>Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</aff><aff id="A127"><label>127</label>Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</aff><aff id="A128"><label>128</label>Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway</aff><aff id="A129"><label>129</label>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany</aff><aff id="A130"><label>130</label>Center for Medical Sytems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A131"><label>131</label>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A132"><label>132</label>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, CRAWLEY 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A133"><label>133</label>Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A134"><label>134</label>Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</aff><aff id="A135"><label>135</label>NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK</aff><aff id="A136"><label>136</label>Department of Medicine, University of Oulo, Oulo, Finland</aff><aff id="A137"><label>137</label>Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</aff><aff id="A138"><label>138</label>Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A139"><label>139</label>Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A140"><label>140</label>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A141"><label>141</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden</aff><aff id="A142"><label>142</label>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden</aff><aff id="A143"><label>143</label>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</aff><aff id="A144"><label>144</label>Steno Diabetes Center A, S, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark</aff><aff id="A145"><label>145</label>Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A146"><label>146</label>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK</aff><aff id="A147"><label>147</label>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</aff><aff id="A148"><label>148</label>Global Health Institute, Department of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A149"><label>149</label>Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A150"><label>150</label>The Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA</aff><aff id="A151"><label>151</label>Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A152"><label>152</label>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A153"><label>153</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A154"><label>154</label>Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A155"><label>155</label>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, NEDLANDS, Western Australia 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A156"><label>156</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A157"><label>157</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria</aff><aff id="A158"><label>158</label>Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, F-75018 Paris, France</aff><aff id="A159"><label>159</label>INSERM, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France</aff><aff id="A160"><label>160</label>Paris Diderot University, F-75018 Paris, France</aff><aff id="A161"><label>161</label>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria</aff><aff id="A162"><label>162</label>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A163"><label>163</label>Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A164"><label>164</label>National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A165"><label>165</label>Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland</aff><aff id="A166"><label>166</label>EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A167"><label>167</label>Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A168"><label>168</label>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland</aff><aff id="A169"><label>169</label>University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</aff><aff id="A170"><label>170</label>Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland</aff><aff id="A171"><label>171</label>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK</aff><aff id="A172"><label>172</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75144, Sweden</aff><aff id="A173"><label>173</label>Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 61053, USA</aff><aff id="A174"><label>174</label>deCODE Genetics, Amgen inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland</aff><aff id="A175"><label>175</label>Department of Ocology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</aff><aff id="A176"><label>176</label>Department of Internal Medicine section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A177"><label>177</label>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A178"><label>178</label>Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A179"><label>179</label>Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A180"><label>180</label>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A181"><label>181</label>Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, Lubeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A182"><label>182</label>Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A183"><label>183</label>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</aff><aff id="A184"><label>184</label>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London WC1B 5JU, UK</aff><aff id="A185"><label>185</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</aff><aff id="A186"><label>186</label>Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A187"><label>187</label>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A188"><label>188</label>Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A189"><label>189</label>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A190"><label>190</label>Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A191"><label>191</label>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A192"><label>192</label>Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</aff><aff id="A193"><label>193</label>Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy</aff><aff id="A194"><label>194</label>Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK</aff><aff id="A195"><label>195</label>Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</aff><aff id="A196"><label>196</label>Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37203, USA</aff><aff id="A197"><label>197</label>Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA</aff><aff id="A198"><label>198</label>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA</aff><aff id="A199"><label>199</label>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A200"><label>200</label>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden</aff><aff id="A201"><label>201</label>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A202"><label>202</label>Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany</aff><aff id="A203"><label>203</label>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A204"><label>204</label>Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland</aff><aff id="A205"><label>205</label>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</aff><aff id="A206"><label>206</label>CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</aff><aff id="A207"><label>207</label>Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</aff><aff id="A208"><label>208</label>Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</aff><aff id="A209"><label>209</label>NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</aff><aff id="A210"><label>210</label>Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A211"><label>211</label>Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</aff><aff id="A212"><label>212</label>Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, UK</aff><aff id="A213"><label>213</label>Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW</aff><aff id="A214"><label>214</label>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><aff id="A215"><label>215</label>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy</aff><aff id="A216"><label>216</label>Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A217"><label>217</label>Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A218"><label>218</label>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</aff><aff id="A219"><label>219</label>Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A220"><label>220</label>Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK</aff><aff id="A221"><label>221</label>Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA</aff><aff id="A222"><label>222</label>School of Population Health and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia</aff><aff id="A223"><label>223</label>South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia</aff><aff id="A224"><label>224</label>Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK</aff><aff id="A225"><label>225</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A226"><label>226</label>MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</aff><aff id="A227"><label>227</label>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A228"><label>228</label>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A229"><label>229</label>Institute of Health Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A230"><label>230</label>Hjelt Institute Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A231"><label>231</label>Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A232"><label>232</label>UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), Queens University of Belfast, Northern Ireland</aff><aff id="A233"><label>233</label>Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A234"><label>234</label>Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A235"><label>235</label>Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A236"><label>236</label>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK</aff><aff id="A237"><label>237</label>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK</aff><aff id="A238"><label>238</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL London, WC1E 6BT, UK</aff><aff id="A239"><label>239</label>Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A240"><label>240</label>Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A241"><label>241</label>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A242"><label>242</label>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland</aff><aff id="A243"><label>243</label>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, I 20142, Italy</aff><aff id="A244"><label>244</label>Fondazione Filarete, Milano I 20139, Italy</aff><aff id="A245"><label>245</label>Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano I 20132, Italy</aff><aff id="A246"><label>246</label>Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano I 20132, Italy</aff><aff id="A247"><label>247</label>Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</aff><aff id="A248"><label>248</label>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</aff><aff id="A249"><label>249</label>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA</aff><aff id="A250"><label>250</label>Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A251"><label>251</label>Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK</aff><aff id="A252"><label>252</label>Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa IA 52242, USA</aff><aff id="A253"><label>253</label>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A254"><label>254</label>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano 39100, Italy</aff><aff id="A255"><label>255</label>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A256"><label>256</label>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A257"><label>257</label>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A258"><label>258</label>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA</aff><aff id="A259"><label>259</label>Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA</aff><aff id="A260"><label>260</label>Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia</aff><aff id="A261"><label>261</label>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</aff><aff id="A262"><label>262</label>National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</aff><aff id="A263"><label>263</label>South Carelia Central Hospital. 53130 Lappeenranta. Finland</aff><aff id="A264"><label>264</label>Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A265"><label>265</label>International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK</aff><aff id="A266"><label>266</label>Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</aff><aff id="A267"><label>267</label>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA</aff><aff id="A268"><label>268</label>HUCH Heart and Lungcenter, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A269"><label>269</label>Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada</aff><aff id="A270"><label>270</label>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</aff><aff id="A271"><label>271</label>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan 20133, italy</aff><aff id="A272"><label>272</label>Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada</aff><aff id="A273"><label>273</label>The electronic medical records and genomics (eMERGE) consortium</aff><aff id="A274"><label>274</label>Myocardial Infarction Genetics (MIGen) Consortium</aff><aff id="A275"><label>275</label>Membership to this consortium is provided below.</aff><aff id="A276"><label>276</label>Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Consortium</aff><aff id="A277"><label>277</label>The LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A278"><label>278</label>Institut Pasteur de Lille; INSERM, U744; Université de Lille 2; F-59000 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A279"><label>279</label>Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A280"><label>280</label>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A281"><label>281</label>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore, Singapore</aff><aff id="A282"><label>282</label>Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA</aff><aff id="A283"><label>283</label>Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A284"><label>284</label>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A285"><label>285</label>Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden</aff><aff id="A286"><label>286</label>Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2115, USA</aff><aff id="A287"><label>287</label>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A288"><label>288</label>Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Department of epidemiology and population health, Belfer 1306, NY 10461, USA</aff><aff id="A289"><label>289</label>Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA</aff><aff id="A290"><label>290</label>Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany</aff><aff id="A291"><label>291</label>Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A292"><label>292</label>Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A293"><label>293</label>Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A294"><label>294</label>Finnish Diabetes Association, Kirjoniementie 15, FI-33680 Tampere, Finland</aff><aff id="A295"><label>295</label>Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland</aff><aff id="A296"><label>296</label>Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karatchi, Pakistan</aff><aff id="A297"><label>297</label>Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA</aff><aff id="A298"><label>298</label>Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA</aff><aff id="A299"><label>299</label>Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A300"><label>300</label>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="A301"><label>301</label>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</aff><aff id="A302"><label>302</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</aff><aff id="A303"><label>303</label>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A304"><label>304</label>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK</aff><aff id="A305"><label>305</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A306"><label>306</label>Klinikum Grosshadern, D-81377 Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A307"><label>307</label>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A308"><label>308</label>Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A309"><label>309</label>King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="A310"><label>310</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109</aff><aff id="A311"><label>311</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland</aff><aff id="A312"><label>312</label>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</aff><aff id="A313"><label>313</label>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</aff><aff id="A314"><label>314</label>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA</aff><aff id="A315"><label>315</label>Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK</aff><aff id="A316"><label>316</label>Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A317"><label>317</label>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK</aff><aff id="A318"><label>318</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff><aff id="A319"><label>319</label>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff><aff id="A320"><label>320</label>Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff><aff id="A321"><label>321</label>Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A322"><label>322</label>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA</aff><aff id="A323"><label>323</label>Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 3083, Australia</aff><aff id="A324"><label>324</label>Department of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</aff><author-notes><fn id="FN1"><label>‡</label><p id="P1">These authors jointly directed the work</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>8</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1173</fpage><lpage>1186</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.3097</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P55">Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explain one-fifth of heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ~2,000, ~3,700 and ~9,500 SNPs explained ~21%, ~24% and ~29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured the majority (60%) of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci enriched for genes, pathways, and tissue-types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/beta-catenin, and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p id="P56">Height is a classical polygenic trait that has provided general insights into the genetic architecture of common human traits and diseases, and into the prospects and challenges of different methods used to identify genetic risk factors. Studies consistently estimate that the additive genetic contribution to normal variation in adult height (“narrow sense heritability”) is approximately 80%<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. Previous analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of adult height showed that common variants together account for 50% of this heritable contribution to height variation<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>. The most recent GWAS of adult height identified 180 loci, which together highlighted many genes relevant to human skeletal growth that had not been implicated in previous studies<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup>. Common variants in these loci, however, only accounted for 10% of the phenotypic variation (~12% of heritability). Here, we report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of adult height in 253,288 individuals of European ancestry. We show that additive contributions of fewer than 10,000 SNPs (at <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−3</sup>) can account for 36% of the heritability of adult height. Variants reaching genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>) in this larger study (697 SNPs) clustered in loci, were substantially enriched for regulatory variants, and implicated multiple known and previously unknown genes and pathways relevant to growth. More broadly, our results provide evidence that increasing GWAS sample sizes to the order of 100,000s, now plausible for many common traits, will likely continue to identify the variants and loci that close the “missing heritability” gap, whilst improving knowledge of the biology of those traits.</p><sec sec-type="results" id="S1"><title>Results</title><p id="P57">The overall analysis strategy is illustrated in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Figure 1</xref>. We first performed a GWAS meta-analysis of adult height using summary statistics from 79 studies consisting of 253,288 individuals of European ancestry (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>). We identified 697 SNPs that reached genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>) using an approximate conditional and joint multiple-SNP (COJO) analysis<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> in GCTA<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>) which takes linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs into account (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Table 1</xref>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Figs. 2-3</xref>). The 697 SNPs clustered in 423 loci, with a locus defined as one or multiple jointly associated SNPs located within ±1Mb of each other. Most of these 697 SNPs are uncorrelated although those in close physical proximity (e.g. < 1Mb) may be in partial LD (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Table 1</xref> for LD between adjacent pairs of the 697 SNPs). The clustering of signals was non-random (empirical enrichment of 1.4 fold, <italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>−4</sup>) with 90, 26 and 31 loci containing 2, 3 and ≥ 4 signals respectively, (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">2</xref>). We observed strong evidence of clustering of association signals within loci across a range of locus sizes, from 100kb to 1.25Mb, but the clustering was almost entirely driven by variants within 250kb of index SNPs (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). As shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Figure 4</xref>, in some loci, multiple signals cluster tightly around a single gene, whereas in other cases, the clustering of associated variants is likely due to multiple different height-related genes being in close proximity.</p><p id="P58">Of the 697 SNPs, 403 were represented on the Metabochip array<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>. Using data from 80,067 individuals genotyped on the Metabochip array from 37 independent studies, we observed very strong evidence of concordance of effect sizes between the Metabochip and GWAS samples (<italic>P</italic> = 1.9×10<sup>−160</sup>); and >99% of variants were directionally consistent between Metabochip and GWAS (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>, and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD4">Supplementary Table 3</xref>).</p><p id="P59">We observed a large genome-wide ‘inflation’ factor of the test statistic for association even after we corrected each study’s test statistics by its individual inflation factor (single λ<sub>GC</sub> = 1.94). At least two phenomena could have contributed to this observation. First, as described previously<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup>, highly polygenic models of inheritance are expected to increase the genomic inflation factor to levels comparable to what we observe. Second, height is particularly susceptible to confounding by population ancestry (stratification), which can also lead to inflation of the test statistics. We addressed these possibilities by comparing our results with those obtained using more stringent corrections for stratification (linear mixed models), and with results obtained in subsets of studies in which a purely family-based analysis was feasible, and by performing a within-family prediction analysis which partitioned the variance in the genetic predictor into the contributions of true associations and population stratification.</p><p id="P60">Our linear mixed model (LMM) analyses, performed in a subset of 15 individual studies comprising 59,380 individuals, provided strong evidence that the inflated statistics were driven predominantly by the highly polygenic nature of the trait. This approach utilizes a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) calculated through genome-wide SNP data to correct for distant relatedness between all pairs of individuals within a study. This resulted in a single λ<sub>GC</sub> of 1.20. This value was entirely consistent with the single λ<sub>GC</sub> of 1.20 obtained from the standard GWAS analysis of the same individuals and a single λ<sub>GC</sub> of 1.94 obtained from the full 253,288 individuals (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). Because this approach may be overly conservative for a strongly genetic and highly polygenic trait, each study additionally repeated the analyses for each chromosome using a GRM generated from the remaining 21 chromosomes, or in the case of the largest study (WGHS) repeating the analysis for all odd numbered chromosomes using a GRM generated from the even numbered chromosomes and vice versa. The single λ<sub>GC</sub> inflation factor for this analysis, 1.23, was also entirely consistent with the standard GWAS results (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>, and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>).</p><p id="P61">Our family based analyses also provided strong evidence that the inflated statistics are driven predominantly by the highly polygenic nature of height. We assessed whether variants that reached genome-wide significance after single GC correction replicated in family-based analyses of up to 25,849 samples (effective sample size 14,963, using methods that are immune to stratification (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>, and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 5 and 6</xref>). We identified genome-wide significant associations from a meta-analysis that excluded the family-based samples, and tested these associations for replication in the family-based samples; a lower rate of replication than expected could be due to inflation of effect sizes in the discovery sample from the “winner’s curse” and/or stratification. Of 416 genome-wide significant SNPs representing multiple signals selected after exclusion of family-based studies, 371 SNPs had a consistent direction of effect (compared with 208 expected by chance, and 400 expected in the absence of any inflation of estimated effect sizes), and 142 replicated with <italic>P</italic><0.05 (compared with 21 expected by chance, and 210 expected in the absence of effect size inflation; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>). These analyses (particularly the directional consistency) shows that most of the loci represent true associations, but also shows that there is a modest inflation in the effect size estimates, due to stratification and/or the winner’s curse. To distinguish between these possibilities, we repeated this analysis, substituting for the family-based samples a random set of studies with similar total effective sample size. The number of replicating loci was only slightly lower in the family-based cohorts than in the random samples (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>, 12-17 fewer replications attributable to stratification at different <italic>P</italic>-value thresholds). This indicates that most of the modest inflation in effect estimates is due to the winner’s curse, that a small amount of inflation is due to residual stratification, and that few (upper limit ~15-25; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>) if any of the loci that reach genome-wide significance after single GC correction are likely to be complete false positives due to stratification (that is, no real association whatsoever with height).</p><sec id="S2"><title>Variance explained by SNPs at different significance levels</title><p id="P62">Having established that single GC correction is sufficient to identify SNPs that are likely to be truly associated with height, we next performed a series of analyses using GWAS data from five independent validation studies to quantify the fraction of phenotypic variance explained by SNPs selected from the GCTA-COJO analyses<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> of the meta-analysis data, which excluded data from the validation studies, at a range of statistical thresholds, and to quantify the accuracy of predicting height using these selected SNPs (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>). We first developed a new method that uses within-family prediction to partition the variance of the SNP-based predictor into components due to real SNP effects, errors in estimating SNP effects, and population stratification (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>), and applied the method to data on full-sib pairs from three of the five validation studies (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>). Consistently across the three studies, all the partitioned variance components increased as a less stringent significance level was used for SNP selection in the discovery sample and the error variance increased more dramatically than the genetic variance when more SNPs selected at a less significance level were included in the predictor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2a-c</xref>). We demonstrated the partitioning of variance due to population stratification by the within-family prediction analyses with and without adjusting for principal components (PCs) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 5</xref>). The results again confirmed that the impact of population stratification on the top associated SNPs was minor and demonstrated that the variation in the predictor due to true SNP effect, estimation error and population stratification was quantifiable. We next inferred, using these partitioned variance components from the within-family prediction analysis, how well different selected sets of SNPs would predict height in independent samples. We showed that the observed prediction accuracy (squared correlation between phenotype and predictor, <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup>) in five different population-based cohorts was highly consistent with the values inferred from the within-family based analyses, with prediction accuracy peaking at ~17% using the ~1,900 SNPs reaching <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−5</sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2d</xref>). Finally we estimated variance explained by the selected SNPs in population-based studies using the GCTA-GREML method<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2e</xref>). The results showed that ~670 SNPs at <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup> and ~9,500 SNPs at <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−3</sup> captured ~16% and ~29% of phenotypic variance respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>), which was also consistent with the estimates inferred from the within-family prediction analysis. As shown in <xref ref-type="disp-formula" rid="FD20">equation [19]</xref>, prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> is not equal to the variance explained but a function of the variance of true SNP effects and the error variance in estimating SNP effects, in the absence of population structure. This is demonstrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>, where at thresholds below genome-wide significance, variance explained is higher than the prediction accuracy, because the latter is deflated both by imprecise estimates of effect sizes (estimation errors) and by inclusion of SNPs that are not associated with height. The estimate of variance explained by all the HapMap3 (ref. <xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>) SNPs without SNP selection was ~50% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>), consistent with previous estimates<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>. Thus, a group of ~9,500 SNPs (representing <1% of common SNPs) selected at <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−3</sup>, explained ~29% of phenotypic variance. Since ~50% of phenotypic variance is explained by all common SNPs, the selected set of SNPs, despite being limited to <1% of common SNPs, accounts for the majority of variance attributable to all common SNPs (29/50 ~ 60%). This set of ~9,500 SNPs strongly clustered with the newly established height loci: 1,704 (19%) variants were located within 250kb of one of the 697 genome-wide associated SNPs, suggesting that a substantial fraction of “missing heritability” is within already identified loci. This clustering of additional variants within identified loci was confirmed in a parallel analysis based on two left-out studies where we observed that SNPs in closer physical proximity with the top associated SNPs explained disproportionally more variance (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 6</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Larger GWAS identifies new biologically relevant genes and pathways</title><p id="P63">Having shown that ~1% of variants can account for the majority of heritability attributable to common variation, we next considered whether the expanded set of height-associated variants could be used to identify the genomic features and biological pathways of most relevance to normal variation in adult height. To test whether our GWAS could implicate new biology, we used established and novel approaches to test whether the height-associated loci were enriched for functionally relevant variants, genes, pathways, and tissues.</p><p id="P64">As with the 180 variants identified in our previous analysis, the 697 variants were non-randomly distributed with respect to functional and putatively functional regions of the genome (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>). We observed that height associated variants were enriched for non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) (empirical enrichment of 1.2 fold, <italic>P</italic>=0.02), cis-regulatory effects in blood (empirical enrichment of 1.5 fold, <italic>P</italic>=0.03), a curated list of genes that underlie monogenic syndromes of abnormal skeletal growth<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> (empirical enrichment 1.4 fold, <italic>P</italic>=0.013), associations with apparently unrelated complex traits in the NHGRI GWAS catalog (empirical enrichment 2.6 fold, <italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>−4</sup>) and functional chromatin annotations in multiple tissues and cell types (empirical enrichment 1.8 fold, <italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>−3</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD5">Supplementary Tables 7</xref>-<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">11</xref>).</p><p id="P65">The greater resolution of height associated variants provided by increased sample size, combined with improved gene prioritization and gene set enrichment approaches, identified multiple new tissues, gene sets and specific genes that are highly likely to be involved in the biology of skeletal growth. Specifically, using a variety of established and novel pathway methods, we identified ~3 times as many enriched pathways and prioritized ~5 times as many genes (including genes newly prioritized in previously identified loci) compared to results derived from identical pathway methods to the previous GWAS of 133,000 individuals (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>).</p><p id="P66">We first focused on existing pathway and gene prioritization methods: (1) MAGENTA<sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup>, a method designed to identify gene sets enriched in GWAS data, and (2) GRAIL<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup>, which uses published literature to highlight connections between likely relevant genes within GWAS loci. As expected, the GRAIL and MAGENTA analyses confirmed several previously identified gene sets and pathways clearly relevant to skeletal growth, but in the larger sample they also provided evidence for additional known and novel genes, gene sets and protein complexes not identified in our previous smaller study (for example, FGF signaling, WNT signaling, osteoglycin, and other genes related to bone or cartilage development) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 12</xref>-<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD7">13</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 7</xref>).</p><p id="P67">To obtain more detailed insight into height biology, we applied DEPICT, a novel data-driven integrative method that uses gene sets reconstituted based on large scale expression data to prioritize genes and gene sets, and also to identify tissues enriched in highly expressed genes from associated loci (Pers <italic>et al. in preparation;</italic><xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>). The DEPICT analysis highlighted 2,330 reconstituted gene sets (after pruning for high levels of redundancy). These gene sets both confirmed and extended the MAGENTA and GRAIL findings, and identified novel pathways not identified in our previous height GWAS (for example regulation of beta-catenin, biology related to glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, and mTOR signaling) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD8">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). Gene sets identified based on 327 strictly novel height variants (>1Mb from the 180 known variants loci) highly resembled gene sets highlighted by the already known 180 loci (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between gene set enrichment Z-scores <italic>r</italic>=0.91, <italic>P</italic>=2×10<sup>−16</sup>). Thus, the variants discovered through increased sample size continued to highlight specific and relevant growth-associated gene sets, while the combined analysis of both old and new loci provided the additional power needed to identify new gene sets (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD8">Supplementary Table 14</xref>).</p><p id="P68">The DEPICT analysis also prioritized tissues and individual genes. We found that genes within associated height loci were enriched for expression in tissues related to chondrocytes (cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, and joints; <italic>P</italic><5.5×10<sup>−9</sup>, FDR<0.001), and other musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and endocrine tissue-types (FDR<0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3</xref>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 8</xref>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 15</xref>). We also showed that a subset of the 697 height associated SNPs that represented lead cis-eQTLs in blood defined 75 genes that were collectively enriched for expression in cartilage (<italic>P</italic>=0.008) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD6">Supplementary Table 8</xref>).</p><p id="P69">We used DEPICT to prioritize 649 genes (at FDR<0.05) within height-associated loci (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">Supplementary Table 16</xref>). Of these 649 genes, 202 genes (31%) were either significant in the GRAIL analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD7">Supplementary Tables 13</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">16</xref>) and/or overlapped with a list of abnormal skeletal growth syndromes that we assembled from the OMIM database<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> (n=40; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 9</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">16</xref>). Many other newly prioritized genes had additional supporting evidence (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">Supplementary Table 16</xref>), including specific expression in the growth plate<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup>, and/or connections to relevant pathways (for example: <italic>GLI2</italic> and <italic>LAMA5</italic> [hedgehog signaling]; <italic>FRS2</italic> [FGF signaling]; <italic>AXIN2, NFATC1, CTNNB1, FBXW11, WNT4, WNT5A</italic> and <italic>VANGL2</italic> [WNT/beta-catenin signaling]; <italic>SMAD3</italic> and <italic>MTOR</italic> [TGF-beta and/or mTOR signaling]; <italic>WWP2/miR140, IBSP, SHOX2</italic> and <italic>SP3</italic> [required in mice for proper bone and cartilage formation]; <italic>CHYS1, DSE</italic> and <italic>PCOLCE2</italic> [glycosaminoglycan/collagen metabolism]; <italic>SCARA3, COPZ2, TBX18, CRISPLD1</italic> and <italic>SLIT3</italic> [differential expression in growth plate and predicted to be in highly relevant pathways]).</p><p id="P70">DEPICT also prioritizes genes that are new candidates for playing a role in skeletal growth. The genes newly and strongly implicated in this study included not only genes with obvious relationships to skeletal biology, such as <italic>SOX5</italic> and collagen genes, but also genes that have no clear published connection to skeletal growth, and likely represent as yet unknown biology (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">Supplementary Table 16</xref>). DEPICT strongly prioritized genes that do not have published annotations related to growth-related pathways but are predicted to be in gene sets that are both enriched in the associated loci and clearly connected to growth. These include genes newly predicted to be in pathways related to cartilage or bone development (<italic>FAM101A, CRISPLD1</italic> and the noncoding RNA <italic>LINC00476</italic>), collagen or extracellular matrix (<italic>GLT8D2, CCDC3</italic>, and <italic>ZCCHC24</italic>), histone demethylation (<italic>ATAD2B</italic> and <italic>TSTD2</italic>) and other genes predicted to have skeletal phenotypes but not currently annotated as belonging to relevant pathways (<italic>ARSJ, PSKH1, COPZ2, ADAMTS17</italic> and the microRNA cluster <italic>MIR17HG</italic>). Of note, mutations in both <italic>ADAMTS17</italic> and <italic>MIR17HG</italic> have been identified as causes of syndromic short stature in humans<sup><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>,<xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P71">As suggested by the prioritization of <italic>ADAMTS17</italic> and <italic>MIR17HG</italic>, it is possible that some of the newly highlighted genes may also underlie new syndromes of abnormal skeletal growth. As a further proof of principle, the second entry on our list of prioritized genes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">Supplementary Table 16</xref>), <italic>CHSY1</italic>, was not a known monogenic gene in the OMIM database<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> when we assembled our list, but mutations in this gene have since been shown to cause a syndrome including brachydactyly and short stature<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>. Thus, the novel DEPICT method, applied to the larger GWAS data set, not only identified similar biology to GRAIL and MAGENTA but also implicated a large number of additional genes, gene sets and pathways that that are likely important in skeletal biology and human growth.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S4"><title>Discussion</title><p id="P72">By performing a large GWAS study on adult height, a highly heritable polygenic trait, we have provided answers to several current questions of relevance to the genetic study of polygenic diseases and traits. First, we showed that by conducting larger GWAS, we can identify SNPs that explain a substantial proportion of the heritability attributable to common variants. As hypothesized by Yang <italic>et al.</italic> (2010), the heritability directly accounted for by variants identified by GWAS and inferred by whole-genome estimation approaches are converging with increasing sample size. The variance explained by genome-wide significant SNPs has increased from 3-5% with discovery samples of ~25,000 (ref. <xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>) to 10% with a discovery sample size of ~130,000 (ref. <xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>) to 16% with a discovery sample size of 250,000 (this study), and the variance explained from all captured common SNPs is ~50%<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>. The variance explained by genome-wide significant SNPs on a chromosome is also proportional to its length, consistent with the conclusion made by Yang <italic>et al.</italic><sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> using all SNPs (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 9</xref>). Our new results show that ~21%, ~24% and ~29% of phenotypic variance in independent validation samples is captured by the best ~2,000, ~3,700 and ~9,500 SNPs respectively selected in the discovery samples (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>), and that the correlation between actual and predicted height in independent samples from the same population has increased to 0.41 (maximum prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.41<sup>2</sup> = 0.17, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2d</xref>). The results are consistent with a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants, located throughout the genome but clustered in both a biological and genomic manner. Such a genetic architecture may be described as pseudo-infinitesimal, and may characterize many other polygenic traits and diseases. There is also strong evidence of multiple alleles at the same locus segregating in the population and for associated loci to overlap with Mendelian forms, suggesting a large but finite genomic mutational target for height, and effect sizes ranging from minute (<1mm; ~0.01 SDs) to gigantic (>300mm; >3 SDs, in the case of monogenic mutations).</p><p id="P73">It has been argued that the biological information emerging from GWA studies will become less relevant as sample sizes increase, because as thousands of associated variants are discovered, the range of implicated genes and pathways will lose specificity and cover essentially the entire genome<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup>. If this were the case, then increasing sample sizes would not help to prioritize follow up studies aimed at identifying and understanding new biology, and the associated loci would blanket the entire genome. Our study provides strong evidence to the contrary: the identification of many 100’s and even 1000’s of associated variants can continue to provide biologically relevant information. In other words, the variants identified in larger sample sizes both display a stronger enrichment of pathways clearly relevant to skeletal growth and prioritize many additional new and relevant genes. Furthermore, the associated variants are often non-randomly and tightly clustered (typically separated by <250 kb), resulting in the frequent presence of multiple associated variants in a locus. The observations that genes and especially pathways are now beginning to be implicated by multiple variants suggests that the larger set of results retain biological specificity but that at some point, a new set of associated variants will largely highlight the same genes, pathways and biological mechanisms as have already been seen. This endpoint (which we have not clearly reached for height) could be considered analogous to reaching “saturation” in model organism mutagenesis screens, where new alleles typically map to previously identified genes<sup><xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P74">We have identified a large number of gene sets and pathways that are enriched for associations with height. Although the number of gene sets and pathways is large, many are overlapping and likely represent multiple annotations of a much smaller set of core biological mechanisms. We also highlight individual genes within associated loci as being relevant to skeletal growth, including candidates for contributing to syndromes of abnormal skeletal growth; for example, we strongly implicated <italic>CHSY1</italic>, recently identified as an underlying cause of a monogenic syndrome with short stature and brachydactyly<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>. The lists of prioritized genes and pathways should therefore provide a rich trove of data for future studies of skeletal growth; to facilitate such studies, we have made our results (including genome-wide association results and complete list of highlighted genes and pathways) publicly available. Based on the results of large genetic studies of height, we anticipate that increasing the number of associated loci for other traits and diseases could yield similarly rich lists that would generate new biological hypotheses and motivate future research into the basis of human biology and disease.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" specific-use="web-only" id="S6"><title>ONLINE METHODS</title><sec id="S7"><title>Genome-wide association study meta-analysis</title><p id="P76">We combined height summary association statistics from 79 genome-wide association (GWA) studies in a meta-analysis of 253,288 individuals using the same methods and studies as previously described<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> and additional studies as described in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 17-19</xref>. A total of 2,550,858 autosomal SNPs were meta-analyzed using inverse-variance fixed effects method using METAL<sup><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S8"><title>GCTA-COJO: conditional and joint multiple SNPs analysis</title><p id="P77">We used GCTA-COJO analysis<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> to select the top associated SNPs. This method uses the summary statistics from the meta-analysis and LD correlations between SNPs estimated from a reference sample to perform a conditional association analysis<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>. The method starts with an initial model of the SNP that shows the strongest evidence of association across the whole genome. It then implements the association analysis conditioning on the selected SNP(s) to search for the top SNPs one-by-one iteratively via a stepwise model selection procedure until no SNP has a conditional <italic>P</italic>-value that passes the significance level. Finally, all the selected SNPs are fitted jointly in the model for effect size estimation. We used 6,654 unrelated individuals from the ARIC cohort as the reference sample for LD estimation. There were ~3.0M SNPs included in the original meta-analysis. We included in this analysis only the SNPs (~2.48M) on HapMap2 and with sample size > 50,000. We used the genome-wide significance level <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup> (as reported in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Supplementary Table 1</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S9"><title>Metabochip replication</title><p id="P78">We combined height summary association statistics from 37 independent studies genotyped using Illumina’s Metabochip array<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> in a meta-analysis of 80,067 individuals of European ancestry (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 20-22</xref>). Each study tested association between each genotyped SNP and the same QC procedures, height transformations, adjustment, and inheritance model as described for the GWA analysis. Genomic control correction was applied to results for each study prior to meta-analysis, using a set of 4,427 SNPs associated with QT interval to control study-specific inflation factors. We used the inverse-variance fixed effects meta-analysis method.</p></sec><sec id="S10"><title>Validation – linear mixed model (LMM) based association analysis</title><p id="P79">Each of 15 studies (59,380 individuals) used genome-wide SNP information to calculate a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) for all pairs of individuals and used this to correct association statistics for cryptic relatedness and population stratification. Each study used a linear mixed model as implemented in the software EMMAX<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup>. Meta-analysis was performed as described for the standard GWAS and using a single GC correction. Each study additionally repeated the analyses for each chromosome using a GRM generated from the remaining 21 chromosomes, or in the case of the largest study (WGHS) repeating the analysis for all odd numbered chromosomes using a GRM generated from the even numbered chromosomes and vice versa. Each study then combined association results from the 22 or 2 parts of the genome into one set of data and we repeated the single GC meta-analysis.</p></sec><sec id="S11"><title>Validation – within family (transmission) association analyses</title><p id="P80">A pure transmission based analysis was performed in seven cohorts for SNPs representing 416 signals of association (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>), selected after repeating meta-analysis excluding these studies, with single GC correction. Filtering of low imputation quality SNPs in the studies was followed by inverse variance method of meta-analysis of the family based results. Because of the presence of related individuals, family based studies have lower power at a given sample size. For each study, we calculated the effective sample size (the size of a sample of unrelated individuals that would have the equivalent power; see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> and Winkler <italic>et al</italic>. <sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup>). Estimation of winner’s curse in our data set was performed by repeating the meta-analysis excluding either the family-based studies or excluding random sets of studies from GIANT matched by effective sample size to the family based studies. Independent genome-wide significant loci were selected from each meta-analysis. Power for replication in the excluded samples was estimated at different <italic>P</italic>-value thresholds and the deficit in replications (number of replications expected minus number observed) was calculated. The contribution of the winner’s curse to the deficit in replications was estimated as the average deficit across the three sets of random non-family-based cohorts. By subtracting this from the deficit observed for the family-based cohorts, we estimated the lack of replication that could be attributed to stratification (either inflation of effect size for true associations, or false positive associations).</p></sec><sec id="S12"><title>Variance and heritability explained</title><p id="P81">We used GCTA-COJO analysis (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>) to select the top associated SNPs at a range of stringent significance levels (5×10<sup>−3</sup>, 5×10<sup>−4</sup>, 5×10<sup>−5</sup>, …, 5×10<sup>−8</sup>) for estimation and prediction analyses. We then quantified the variance explained by those selected SNPs using a three-stage analysis, i.e. within-family prediction, GCTA-GREML analysis and population based prediction, in five validation studies (B-PROOF, FRAM, QIMR, TwinGene and WTCCC-T2D). To avoid sample overlap, we repeated the main GWAS meta-analysis and the multiple-SNP analysis five times, each time excluding one of the five validation studies. This approach ensured complete independence between data used to discover SNPs, and data used to estimate how much variance in height these SNPs explained and how well they predicted height. For the within-family prediction analyses, we selected 1,622, 2,758 and 1,597 pairs of full sibs from the QIMR, TwinGene and FRAM cohorts, respectively, with one sib pair per family. For the whole-genome estimation and prediction analyses, we used GCTA-GRM<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> to estimate the genetic relatedness between individuals and selected unrelated individuals with pairwise genetic relatedness <0.025 in each of the five studies, i.e. B-PROOF (<italic>n</italic> = 2,555), FRAM (<italic>n</italic> = 1,145), QIMR (<italic>n</italic> = 3,627), TwinGene (<italic>n</italic> = 5,668) and WTCCC-T2D (<italic>n</italic> = 1,914).</p></sec><sec id="S13"><title>Within-family prediction analysis</title><p id="P82">We used the SNPs selected from GCTA-COJO analysis to create a genetic predictor (also called “genetic profile score”) for each of all the full sibs using PLINK<sup><xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup>. We then adjusted the genetic predictor by the first 20 principal components (PCs) generated from the principal component analysis (PCA)<sup><xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref></sup>. By comparing the predictors within and between families, we partitioned the variance in the predictor analysis into components due to real SNP effects (<italic>V</italic><sub>g</sub>), errors in estimating SNP effects (<italic>V</italic><sub>e</sub>), and population structure (<italic>C</italic><sub>g</sub> + <italic>C</italic><sub>e</sub>), as described in the <xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref> below.</p><p id="P83">We calculated the weighted average of each of the four (co)variance components over the three cohorts by their sample size, i.e. Σ<italic><sub>i</sub></italic> (<italic>V</italic><sub>g(</sub><italic><sub>i</sub></italic><sub>)</sub><italic>n<sub>i</sub></italic>)/Σ<italic><sub>i</sub></italic> (<italic>n<sub>i</sub></italic>) with the subscript <italic>i</italic> indicating the cohort and <italic>n</italic> being the sample size. From the results of these partitioning analyses within families we can infer what the prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> (<xref ref-type="disp-formula" rid="FD20">Equation 19</xref> in <xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref> below) and what the proportion of variance explained by SNPs (i.e. <italic>V</italic><sub>g</sub>/<italic>V</italic><sub>P</sub> with <italic>V</italic><sub>P</sub> being the phenotypic variance) would be in a sample of unrelated individuals when using the same set of SNPs. We then tested these inferred values in unrelated samples.</p></sec><sec id="S14"><title>GCTA-GREML analysis</title><p id="P84">We performed the GREML analysis<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> in GCTA<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> to estimate the variance explained by the selected SNPs (<italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub>) in each of the five validation studies. This method fits the effects of a set of SNPs simultaneously in a model as random effects and estimates the genetic variance captured by all the fitted SNPs without testing the significance of association of any single SNPs. We combined the estimates of <italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub> from the five studies by the inverse-variance approach, i.e. <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M1" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>SE</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>SE</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec id="S15"><title>Population-based prediction analysis</title><p id="P85">We created a genetic predictor using the selected SNPs for the unrelated individuals in each of the five validation studies. We then calculated the squared correlation (<italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup>) between phenotype and predictor in each validation study, and calculated the weighted average of the prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> by the sample size across the five studies, i.e. <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M2" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S16"><title>Theory and method to partition the variance in a genetic predictor</title><p id="P86">Under the assumption of an additive genetic model, the phenotype of a quantitative trait can be written as
<disp-formula id="FD1"><label>[1]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M3" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>where <italic>y</italic> is the trait phenotype, <italic>g</italic> is the total genetic effect of all SNPs, <italic>x</italic> is an indicator variable for SNP genotypes, <italic>b</italic> is the SNP effect, and <italic>ε</italic> is the residual.</p><p id="P87">From this model, the additive genetic variance is
<disp-formula id="FD2"><label>[2]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M4" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>with the first component being the expected value of additive genetic variance under linkage equilibrium (LE) and second component being the deviation from the expected value could be caused by linkage disequilibrium (LD), population structure or selection<sup><xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P88">Considering a pair of full siblings in a family, the additive genetic covariance between the sibs is
<disp-formula id="FD3"><label>[3]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M5" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>For full sibs,
<disp-formula id="FD4"><mml:math display="block" id="M6" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula><inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M7" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> for SNPs that are in LD, and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M8" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> for SNPs that are not in LD (as shown by both empirical and simulation results).</p><p id="P89">Let <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M9" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>|(SNPs are in LD), and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M10" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>|(SNPs are not in LD but correlated due to population structure)</p><p id="P90">Therefore, the genetic variance is
<disp-formula id="FD5"><label>[4]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M11" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>The genetic covariance between a pair of full-sibs is
<disp-formula id="FD6"><label>[5]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M12" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula></p><p id="P91">If we take a set of SNPs with their effects estimated from GCTA-COJO analysis (<xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>), and create a predictor using these SNPs in an independent validation sample, we can write the predictor as
<disp-formula id="FD7"><label>[6]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M13" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>where <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M14" overflow="scroll"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math></inline-formula> is the estimate of <italic>b</italic> with <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M15" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> with <italic>e</italic> being the error in estimating <italic>b</italic>.</p><p id="P92">If we assume <italic>b</italic> and <italic>e</italic> are independent and denote <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M16" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M17" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, the variance of the predictor is
<disp-formula id="FD8"><label>[7]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M18" overflow="scroll"><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:math></disp-formula>The covariance between the predictors of a pair of full-sibs is
<disp-formula id="FD9"><label>[8]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M19" overflow="scroll"><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:math></disp-formula>The covariance between the true phenotype and the predictor of a same individual is
<disp-formula id="FD10"><label>[9]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M20" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>The covariance between the true phenotype of one sib and the predictor of the other sib is
<disp-formula id="FD11"><label>[10]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M21" overflow="scroll"><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd columnalign="right"><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mtd><mml:mtd columnalign="left"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:munder><mml:munder><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>≠</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:math></disp-formula></p><p id="P93">If we define <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M22" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and Δ<italic>y</italic> = <italic>y</italic><sub>1</sub> − <italic>y</italic><sub>2</sub>,
<disp-formula id="FD12"><label>[11]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M23" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula><disp-formula id="FD13"><label>[12]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M24" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>We therefore can calculate these four parameters as
<disp-formula id="FD14"><label>[13]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M25" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula><disp-formula id="FD15"><label>[14]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M26" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula><disp-formula id="FD16"><label>[15]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M27" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula><disp-formula id="FD17"><label>[16]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M28" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>where <italic>V</italic><sub>g</sub> can be interpreted as the variance explained by real SNP effects, <italic>C</italic><sub>g</sub> is the covariance between predictors attributed to the real effects of SNPs that are not in LD but correlated due to population stratification, <italic>V</italic><sub>e</sub> is the accumulated variance due to the errors in estimating SNP effects, and <italic>C</italic><sub>e</sub> is the covariance between predictors attributed to errors in estimating the effects of SNPs that are correlated due to population stratification.</p><p id="P94">To assess the prediction accuracy, we usually perform a regression analysis of the real phenotype against the predictor, i.e.
<disp-formula id="FD18"><label>[17]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M29" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>so that the regression slope is actually
<disp-formula id="FD19"><label>[18]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M30" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>cov</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>var</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>^</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>with the regression <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> being
<disp-formula id="FD20"><label>[19]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M31" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula>In the absence of population structure,
<disp-formula id="FD21"><label>[20]</label><mml:math display="block" id="M32" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></disp-formula></p></sec><sec id="S17"><title>Variance explained by SNPs in proximity to the top associated SNPs</title><p id="P95">We performed analyses to quantify the variance explained by SNPs in close physical proximity to the top associated SNPs in 9,500 unrelated individuals (pairwise genetic relatedness < 0.025) from a combined dataset of the QIMR and TwinGene cohorts. As in previous analyses, to avoid sample overlap between discovery and validation studies, we repeated the discovery meta-analysis excluding the QIMR and TwinGene cohorts, and identified 643 genome-wide significant SNPs from the GCTA-COJO analysis of the summary statistics using ARIC data for LD estimation. We used GCTA-GREML analysis<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> to quantify the phenotypic variance explained by all the common SNPs (MAF > 0.01) within 100Kb, 500Kb or 1Mb of the 643 genome-wide significant SNPs. We show in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Figure 6a</xref> that there are 104K, 423K and 745K SNPs within 100Kb, 500Kb and 1Mb of the top associated SNPs, which explain 20.8% (s.e. = 1.3%), 25.7% (s.e. = 1.8%) and 29.5% (s.e. = 2.2%) of phenotypic variance, respectively. We then applied a regression-based approach<sup><xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref></sup> to adjust for LD between SNPs. The estimates of variance explained after LD-adjustment were slightly higher than those without adjustment, and the ratio of between the estimates with and without LD-adjustment was consistently ~1.05 regardless of the window size (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 6a</xref>). However, the difference is small.</p><p id="P96">We then sought to investigate whether or not there is an enrichment of additional association signals at the top associated loci. We varied the window size from 20Kb to 50Kb, 100Kb, 150Kb, 200Kb, 300Kb, 400Kb, 500Kb, 750Kb and 1Mb, and fitted a two-component model in GCTA-GREML analysis, with the first component being the top associated SNPs and the second component being the rest of SNPs within the window. We found that the per-SNP variance explained excluding the top SNPs (variance explained by the second component divided by the number of SNPs included in this component) decreased with the size of window (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Fig. 6b</xref>), implying that SNPs in closer physical proximity to the top associated SNPs tend to explain disproportionally more variance.</p></sec><sec id="S18"><title>Enrichment of associated SNPs in ENCODE regions, loci containing OMIM genes, eQTLs and nsSNPs</title><p id="P97">To identify putative causal variants among the height-associated markers, we explored whether the height-associated SNPs were in strong LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.8) with non-synonymous coding variants in 1000 Genomes Project CEU Phase 1 data, showed an effect on whole blood gene expression levels, were located within ENCODE-annotated regions, were within loci harboring monogenic growth genes, or had previously been associated with other complex traits in NHGRI GWAS catalog (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD5">Supplementary Tables 7</xref>-<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">11</xref>). To estimate the empirical assessment of enrichment for listed features we used 10,000 permutations of random sets of SNPs matched to the pruned (LD <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.1) 628 height-associated SNPs by the number of nearby genes (within a distance of LD <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.5), physical distance to nearest gene, and minor allele frequency.</p></sec><sec id="S19"><title>Enrichment of genes in associated loci in known and novel pathways</title><sec id="S20"><title>Data-Driven Expression-Prioritized Integration for Complex Traits (DEPICT) analysis</title><p id="P98">The DEPICT method (T.H.P. <italic>et al.</italic>, unpublished data; see Geller <italic>et al.</italic><sup><xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup> for an earlier application of DEPICT) relies on pre-computed predictions of gene function based on a heterogeneous panel of 77,840 expression arrays (Fehrmann <italic>et al.</italic>, manuscript in review; ref. <xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>), 5,984 molecular pathways (based on 169,810 high-confidence experimentally derived protein-protein interactions<sup><xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref></sup>), 2,473 phenotypic gene sets (based on 211,882 gene-phenotype pairs from the Mouse Genetics Initiative (see URLs)), 737 Reactome pathways<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></sup>, 5,083 Gene Ontology terms<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup>, and 184 KEGG pathways<sup><xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref></sup>. The method leverages these predictions to extend the functional annotations of genes, including genes that previously had only a few or no functional annotations. DEPICT facilitates the analysis of GWAS data by (1) assessing whether genes in associated loci are enriched in tissue-specific expression, (2) identifying reconstituted gene sets that are enriched in genes from associated loci, and (3) systematically identifying the most likely causal gene(s) at a given locus (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> for a more detailed description of DEPICT). In order to run DEPICT, we first clumped the summary statistics from the meta-analysis using 500kb flanking regions, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.1, and excluded SNPs with <italic>P</italic>≥5×10<sup>−8</sup>, which resulted in 628 SNPs. We then mapped genes to each of the 628 best-associated SNPs. For a given SNP, this was accomplished by including all genes that resided within LD <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.5 boundaries of that SNP, and always including the nearest gene, to its locus gene set. We used a locus definition that was calibrated using the GWAS data for height levels presented in this paper and optimized capture of known monogenic genes for those traits. We merged overlapping loci, and excluded loci that mapped near or within the major histocompatibility complex locus (chromosome 6, location: 20 to 40 Mb), which resulted in a list of 566 non-overlapping loci that were used as input to DEPICT. HapMap Project Phase II CEU genotype data was used for all LD calculations.</p></sec><sec id="S21"><title>GRAIL and MAGENTA analysis</title><p id="P99">The GRAIL<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> algorithm was run using the LD pruned (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.1) 628 SNPs without correcting for gene size, and using text-mining data up to December 2006 (default setting). MAGENTA<sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> was run with the single genomic control adjusted summary statistics as input using default settings and excluding the HLA region.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>Supplementary Tables and Supplementary Note</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-1.docx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9096" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>Supplementary Figures 1-9</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-2.doc" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9100" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD3"><label>Supplementary Table 1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-3.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9104" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD4"><label>Supplementary Table 3</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-4.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9108" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD5"><label>Supplementary Table 7</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-5.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9112" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD6"><label>Supplementary Table 8</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-6.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9116" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD7"><label>Supplementary Table 13</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-7.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9120" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD8"><label>Supplementary Table 14</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-8.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9124" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD9"><label>Supplementary Table 16</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS60217-supplement-9.xlsx" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e9128" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack id="S22"><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>A full list of acknowledgments appears in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>.</p></ack><fn-group><fn id="FN3"><p id="P100"><bold>URLs</bold>: The Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant/index.php/GIANT_consortium">http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant/index.php/GIANT_consortium</ext-link>; The Mouse Genetics Initiative, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.informatics.jax.org">www.informatics.jax.org</ext-link></p></fn></fn-group><app-group><app id="APP1"><title>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</title><p id="P3"><bold><underline>Steering Committee Overseeing the Consortium</underline></bold></p><p id="P4">G.R.A., T.L.A., I.B., S.I.B., M. Boehnke, I.B.B., P.D., C.S.F., T.M.F, L.C.G., I.M.H., J.N.H., D.J.H., E.I., R.C.K., R.J.F.L., M.I.M., K.L. Mohlke, K.E.N., J.R.O., D. Schlessinger, D.P.S., U.T., C.M.v.D.</p><p id="P5">Writing Group (wrote, edited and commented on manuscript)</p><p id="P6">S.I.B., D.I.C., A.Y.C., T.E., T.M.F., J.N.H., E.I., T.H.P., S.V., P.M.V., M.N.W., A.R.W., J.Y.</p><p id="P7">Data preparation group (checked and prepared data from contributing cohorts for meta-analyses)</p><p id="P8">D. C. Croteau-Chonka, F.R.D., T.E., T. Fall, T. Ferreira, S.G., I.M.H., Z.K., C.M.L., A.E.L., R.J.F.L., J. Luan, R.M., J.C.R., A. Scherag, E.K.S., S.V., T.W.W., A.R.W., T. Workalemahu.</p><p id="P9">Height meta-analyses group (GWAS and Metabochip) (analyses specific to the manuscript)</p><p id="P10">T.E., T.M.F. (chair), S.V., P. M. V., A.R.W. (lead - meta-analyses), J.Y. (lead - joint effects and approximate conditional analyses).</p><p id="P11"><bold><underline>Mixed linear model analyses</underline></bold></p><p id="P12">J.S.B., M.Boehnke, D.I.C., A.Y.C., K.E., T.M.F. (chair), S.G., J.N.H., J.H.Z., E.I., A.U.J., Z.K., R.J.F.L., J. Luan, A. Metspalu, E.M., J.R.O., A.L.P., A.G.U., S.V., P.M.V., M.N.W., A.R.W. (lead), J.Y.</p><p id="P13"><bold><underline>Large lambda group</underline></bold></p><p id="P14">T.M.F., J.N.H., P.M.V., M.E. Goddard, A.L.P, M.N.W., J.Y., G.R.A., H.M.K.</p><p id="P15"><bold><underline>Family transmission analyses</underline></bold></p><p id="P16">G.R.A., N.A., I.B.B., Y.D., C.M.v.D., J.N.H. (chair), E.I., J.R.O., E.P., S.V. (lead), P.M.V., J.Y.</p><p id="P17"><bold><underline>Variance, heritability, and prediction analyses</underline></bold></p><p id="P18">K.E., M.E.G., M.I.M., A.A.E.V., P.M.V. (chair), M.N.W., A.R.W., J.Y. (lead)</p><p id="P19"><bold><underline>Biological Enrichment and Pathway analyses</underline></bold></p><p id="P20">T.E. (lead - biological enrichment analyses), J.N.H. (chair), T.H.P. (lead - pathway analyses).</p><p id="P21"><bold><underline>ENCODE working group</underline></bold></p><p id="P22">M.L.B., G.L. (chair), K.S.L.</p><p id="P23"><bold><underline>Gene expression (eQTL) working group</underline></bold></p><p id="P24">T.E. (chair), L. Franke, J. Karjalainen, J.C.L., A. Metspalu, E.R., J.E.P., H. Westra (lead)</p><p id="P25"><bold><underline>Other Contributions</underline></bold></p><p id="P26">(DEPICT) R.F., L. Franke, J. Karjalainen, T.H.P.</p><p id="P27">Project Design, Management and Coordination of Contributing Studies</p><p id="P28"><bold><italic>Previous GWAS studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P29">(AGES) V. Gudnason, T.B.H.; (AMISH) A.R.S., (ARIC) K.E.N.; (B58C T1D CONTROLS) D.P.S.; (B58C WTCCC) D.P.S.; (BRIGHT) M.J.B., N.J.S.; (CAPS) E.I.; (CHS) J.I.R.; (COLAUS) J.S.B. S. Bergmann; (CROATIA-Vis) I.R.; (deCODE) K. Stefansson, U.T.; (DGI) L.C.G.; (EGCUT) A. Metspalu; (EPIC-Norfolk) N.J.W.; (FENLAND) N.J.W.; (Finnish Twin Cohort) J. Kaprio, K. Silventoinen; (FRAM) L.A.C.; (FUSION) R.N.B., M. Boehnke; (GerMIFS I) J.E., C. Hengstenberg; (GerMIFS II) H. Schunkert; (H2000) S. Koskinen; (HFPS) D.J.H.; (KORA S4) C.G., A.P.; (MICROS) A.A.H., P.P.P.; (NFBC66) M.J., S. Sebert; (NHS) D.J.H.; (NSPHS) U.G.; (NTRNESDA) D.I.B.; (ORCADES) H.C.; (PLCO) S.I.B., S.J.C.; (RSI) C.M.v.D., A. Hofman, M. Kayser, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (RUNMC) L.A.K.; (SardiNIA) G.R.A.; (SASBAC) E.I.; (SHIP) R.B., H.V.; (WGHS) P.M.R.; (WTCCC-CAD) A.S.H., N.J.S.; (WTCCC-T2D) C.M.L., M.I.M., (Young Finns Study (YFS)) T.L., O.T.R.</p><p id="P30"><bold><italic>New GWAS studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P31">(ASCOT) M.J.C., P.S.; (ATCG) P.I.W.d.B., D.W.H.; (Athero-Express Biobank Studies) F.W.A., H.M.d.R., F.L.M., G.P.; (B-PROOF) R.D., L.C.P.G.M.d.G., N.M.v.S., N.v.d.V; (BLSA) L. Ferrucci; (CLHNS) K.L. Mohlke, (COROGENE) M.P., J. Sinisalo; (DESIR) S. Cauchi, P.F., (DNBS) M. Melbye, J.C.M. (EGCUT) A.Metspalu, (EMERGE) M.G.H., (ERF) B.A.O., C.M.v.D.; (FamHS) I.B.B., (FINGESTURE) J. Tardif; (GOOD) C.O.; (HBCS) J.G.E.; (Health ABC) T.B.H., Y. Liu; (HERITAGE Family Study) C. Bouchard, D.C.R., M. A. Sarzynski, (InCHIANTI) L. Ferrucci, T.M.F.; (IPM) E.P.B., R.J.F.L., (LLS) P.E.Slagboom; (LOLIPOP) J.C.C., J.S.K.; (MGS) P.V.G.; (NELSON) P.I.W.d.B., P.Z., (PLCO2) S.I.B., S.J.C., (PREVEND) P.v.d.H., (PROCARDIS) H. Watkins, (PROSPER/PHASE) I.F., J.W.J.; (QFS) C. Bouchard, A. Marette, L.P., M.V., (QIMR) A.C.H., N.G.M., G.W.M., (RISC) E.F., T.M.F, A. Golay, M. Walker; (RS II) A. Hofman, M. Kayser, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (RS III) A. Hofman, M. Kayser, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (SHIP-TREND) R.B., H.V.; (SORBS) A. Tönjes; (TRAILS) A.J.O., H. Snieder; (TWINGENE) E.I.; (TwinsUK) T.D.S.;</p><p id="P32"><bold><italic>Metabochip studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P33">(ADVANCE) T.L.A., T.Q.; (AMC-PAS) G.K.H., P.D.; (ARIC) E.B., K.E.N., (B1958C) E.H., C.P.; (BHS) J.Beilby, J. Hui; (CARDIOGENICS) P.D., W.H.O., H. Schunkert; (DESIR) S. Cauchi, P.F.; (DGE DietGeneExpression) B.J.; (DIAGEN) S.R.B., P.E.H.S., (DILGOM) P.J., A.M.J., S. Männistö, M.P., S. Salomaa; (DPS) M.U.; (DR’s EXTRA) T.A.L., R. Rauramaa; (DUNDEE – GoDARTS) C.N.A.P.; (EAS) J.F.P.; (EGCUT) A.Metspalu; (EMIL (SWABIA)) B.O.B., (FBPP) A.C., R.S.C., S.C.H.; (FIN-D2D 2007) S.M.K., T.E.S.; (FUSION 2) F.S.C., J. Saramies, J. Tuomilehto, (GLACIER) P.W.F., (GxE) R.S.C., J.N.H., C.A.M.; (HNR) R.E., P. Hoffmann, S. Moebus, (HUNT 2) K.H.; (IMPROVE) U.d.F., A. Hamsten, S.E.H., E.T.; (KORA S3) T.M., H. Wichmann; (KORA S4) K. Strauch; (Leipzig) M.S.; (LURIC) W.M.; (MEC) C.A. Haiman, L.L.M; (METSIM) J. Kuusisto, M. Laakso; (MORGAM) P.A., D. Arveiler, P. Brambilla; J.F., F.K., J.V.; (NSHD) D.K.; (PIVUS) E.I.; (PROMIS) J. Danesh, P.D., D. Saleheen; (ScarfSheep) A. Hamsten; (SPT) R.S.C., J.N.H., C.A.M. (STR) E.I., (Tandem) M. Bochud, P. Bovet; (THISEAS) G. Dedoussis, P.D.; (Tromsø) I.N.; (ULSAM) E.I., (WHI) C.K., U.P.; (Whitehall) A.D.H., M. Kivimaki, N.J.W; (WTCCC-T2D) C.M.L., M.I.M.</p><p id="P34"><bold><underline>Genotyping of Contributing Studies</underline></bold></p><p id="P35"><bold><italic>Previous GWAS studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P36">(AGES) A.V. Smith; (B58C T1D CONTROLS) W.L.M.; (B58C WTCCC) W.L.M.; (CAPS) H. Grönberg; (CROATIA-Vis) C. Hayward; (EGCUT) M. Nelis; (EPIC-Norfolk) N.J.W.; (FENLAND) N.J.W.; (Finnish Twin Cohort) J. Kaprio; (KORA S3) T.I., M. Müller-Nurasyid; (MICROS) A.A.H; (NFBC66) M.J; (ORCADES) A.F.W.; (PLCO) S.J.C.; (RSI) K.E., C. Medina-Gomez, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (SASBAC) P. Hall; (SHIP) A. Hannemann, M. Nauck; (WGHS) D.I.C., L.M.R.; (WTCCC-CAD) A.S.H. N.J.S.; (WTCCC-T2D) A.T.H, M.I.M.; (Young Finns Study (YFS)) T.L., O.T.R.</p><p id="P37"><bold><italic>New GWAS studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P38">(ASCOT) P.B.M.; (ATCG) P.I.W.d.B., D.W.H., P.J.M.; (Athero-Express Biobank Study) S.W.v.d.L.; (CLHNS) D. C. Croteau-Chonka; (DESIR) E.E., S. Lobbens; (EGCUT) T.E., L.M.; (EMERGE) D. C. Crawford, M.G.H.; (ERF) A.I., B.A.O., C.M.v.D.; (FamHS) I.B.B., M.F.F., A.T.K., M.K.W, Q.Z; (GOOD) C.O., M. Lorentzon; (Health ABC) Y. Liu; (HERITAGE Family Study) M. A. Sarzynski; (HYPERGENES) S. Lupoli.; (IPM) E.P.B.; (LifeLines) M.A. Swertz; (LLS) J. Deelen, Q.H.; (LOLIPOP) J.C.C., J.S.K; (NELSON) J. Smolonska; (PLCO2) S.J.C., K.B.J., Z.W.; (PREVEND) P.v.d.H., I.M.L., (PROCARDIS) M.F., A. Goel; (PROSPER/PHASE) J.W.J., D.J.S., S.T.; (QFS) C. Bellis, J. Blangero; (QIMR) A.K.H.; (SHIP-TREND) A. Hannemann, M. Nauck; (RSII) K.E., C. Medina-Gomez, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (RSIII) K.E., C. Medina-Gomez, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (TRAILS) M. Bruinenberg, C.A. Hartman; (TWINGENE) A. Hamsten, N.L.P.; (TwinsUK) M. Mangino, A. Moayyeri; (WGHS) D.I.C., L.M.R.</p><p id="P39"><bold><italic>Metabochip studies</italic></bold></p><p id="P40">(ADVANCE) D. Absher, T.L.A., T.Q.; (AMCPAS) K. Stirrups; (ARIC) E.B., K.E.N.; (B1958C) N.R.R., C.J.G. T.J.; (BHS) G.M.A., J. Hui; (CARDIOGENICS) K. Stirrups; (DESIR) E.E., S. Lobbens; (DGE DietGeneExpression) B.J.; (DIAGEN) M.A.M.; (DUNDEE - GoDARTS) A.J.B., C.N.A.P., N.W.R.; (EAS) J.F.W.; (EGCUT) T.E., L.M.; (ELY) N.G.F., C.L., R.J.F.L., K.K.O, R.A.S, N.J.W; (EMIL (SWABIA)) B.O.B.; (EPIC-Norfolk) N.G.F, C.L., R.J.F.L., K.K.O, R.A.S, N.J.W; (FBPP) A.C.; (FENLAND) N.G.F, C.L., R.J.F.L., K.K.O, R.A.S, N.J.W; (FIN-D2D 2007) P.S.C.; (FUSION 2) L.K.; (GLACIER) I.B., (HNR) M.M.N.; (HUNT 2) N.N.; (KORA S3) N.K., M. Waldenberger; (KORA S4) H. Grallert, P.L.; (Leipzig) Y.B., P.K.; (LURIC) M.E.K.; (MEC) C.A. Haiman, L.A.H.; (NSHD) D.K., K.K.O., A.W.; (PIVUS) E.I., C. Berne, L.L., J. Sundström, (PROMIS) K. Stirrups; (STR) N.L.P., (Tandem) G.B.E., M. Maillard, (THISEAS) K. Stirrups; (Tromsø) P.S.C.; (ULSAM) J.Ä., E.I., A. Syvänen; (WHI) C.K., U.P.; (Whitehall) C.L.; (WTCCC-T2D) A.T.H, M.I.M.</p><p id="P41"><bold>Phenotype Coordination of Contributing Studies</bold></p><p id="P42"><bold>Previous GWAS studies</bold></p><p id="P43">(AMISH) A.R.S. (B58C T1D CONTROLS) D.P.S.; (B58C WTCCC) D.P.S.; (BRIGHT) M.J.B., N.J.S.; (CAPS) H. Grönberg; (CHS) R.C.K.; (CROATIA-Vis) I.R.; (DGI) V. Lyssenko; (EGCUT) A.Metspalu; (EPIC-Norfolk) N.J.W.; (FENLAND) N.J.W.; (Finnish Twin Cohort) J. Kaprio, (KORA S4) A.P.; (NFBC66) M.J.; (NTRNESDA) J.H.S.; (ORCADES) A.F.W.; (PLCO) S.I.B.; (RSI) A. Hofman, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (SASBAC) P. Hall; (SHIP) M. Dörr, W.H., T.K.; (UKBS-CC) J. Jolley; (WGHS) D.I.C., L.M.R, A.Y.C.; (WTCCC-CAD) A.S.H., N.J.S.; (WTCCC-T2D) A.B., A.T.H.; (Young Finns Study (YFS)) T.L., O.T.R.</p><p id="P44"><bold>New GWAS studies</bold></p><p id="P45">(ASCOT) M.J.C., P.S., A.V. Stanton; (ATCG) D.W.H.; (Athero-Express Biobank Study) F.L.M., J.E.P.V.; (BLSA) S. Bandinelli; (DESIR) R. Roussel; (DNBC) H.A.B., B.F., F.G., (EGCUT) T.E., A. Metspalu; (eMERGE) J.C.D., A.N.K., (ERF) B.A.O., C.M.v.D.; (FamHS) I.B.B., M.F.F.; (FINGESTURE) J. Junttila; (GOOD) C.O., M. Lorentzon; (HBCS) J.G.E.; (Health ABC) M.E. Garcia, T.B.H., M.A.N.; (HERITAGE Family Study) C. Bouchard; (HYPERGENES) P.M.; (InCHIANTI) S. Bandinelli, L. Ferrucci; (IPM) O.G., (LifeLines) S. Scholtens, M.A. Swertz, J.M.V.; (LLS) D.v.H; (LOLIPOP) J.C.C., J.S.K., U.A., L.O., J. Sehmi; (NELSON) P.A.D.J.; (PLCO2) S.I.B.; (PREVEND) S.J.L.B., R.T.G., H.L.H; (PROCARDIS) R. Clarke, R. Collins, M.F., A. Hamsten; (PROSPER/PHASE) J.W.J., I.F., B.M.B.; (QFS) A. Tremblay; (QIMR) A.K.H., A.C.H., P.A.F.M., N.G.M., G.W.M.; (RSII) A. Hofman, Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (RSIII) A. Hofman, Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (SORBS) A. Tönjes; (SHIP-TREND) M. Dörr, W.H., T.K.; (TRAILS) C.A. Hartman, R.P.S., F.V.v.O.; (TWINGENE) P.K.E.M., N.L.P.,; (TwinsUK) M. Mangino, C. Menni; (WGHS) D.I.C., L.M.R.</p><p id="P46"><bold>Metabochip studies</bold></p><p id="P47">(ADVANCE) A.S.G., M.A.H., (AMCPAS) J.J.P.K.; (ARIC) E.B.; (B1958C) E.H., C.P.; (BHS) A.L.J., A.W.M.; (DESIR) R. Roussel; (DGE DietGeneExpression) B.J.; I.H.C.; (DIAGEN) J. Gräßler, G.M.; (DPS) J. Lindström; (DR’s EXTRA) M.H., (DUNDEE - GoDARTS) A.S.F.D., A.D.M. C.N.A.P.; (EAS) S. McLachlan; (EGCUT) T.E., A.Metspalu; (EMIL (SWABIA)) B.O.B., S. Claudi-Boehm, W. Kratzer, S. Merger, T.S., R.W.; (FBPP) R.S.C., S.C.H.; (GLACIER) G. Hallmans; (GxE) T. Forrester, B.O.T.; (HNR) R.E., S. Moebus; (HUNT 2) O.H., (KORA S3) H. Wichmann; (Leipzig) M. Blüher; (MEC) L.R.W.; (METSIM) H.M.S.; (NSHD) D.K.; (PIVUS) C. Berne, E.I., L.L., J. Sundström, (PROMIS) D. Saleheen; (SPT) T. Forrester, B.O.T.; (STR) N.L.P.; (Tandem) M. Bochud, P. Bovet; (THISEAS) S. Kanoni; (Tromsø) T. Wilsgaard; (ULSAM) J.Ä., V. 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Mahajan, R.M.</p><p id="P51"><bold>New GWAS studies</bold></p><p id="P52">(ATCG) P.I.W.d.B., P.J.M., S.R.; (Athero-Express Biobank Studies) S.W.v.d.L.; (B-PROOF) S.v.D.; (BHS) M.C.; (BLSA) T.T.; (CLHNS) D. C. Croteau-Chonka, (DESIR) S. Cauchi, L.Y., (DNBC) B.F., F.G.; (EGCUT) T.E., K.F., T.H., R.M.; (eMERGE) M.G.H.; (ERF) N.A., A.D.; (FamHS) M.F.F.; (GOOD) C.O., M. Lorentzon; (HBCS) N.E.; (Health ABC) M.A.N.; (HERITAGE Family Study) C. Bouchard, M. A. Sarzynski, D.C.R., T.R., T.K.R, Y.J.S., (HYPERGENES) S. Lupoli; (InCHIANTI) D.P., T.T., A.R.W.; (IPM) J. Jeff, V. Lotay, Y. Lu; (LifeLines) I.M.N., J.V.V.V.; (LLS) M. Beekman, J.J.H.; (LOLIPOP) W.Z; (MGS) J. Shi, (NELSON) S.R., J.v.S; (PLCO2) S.I.B., Z.W.; (PREVEND) P.v.d.H., I.M.L., N.V.; (PROCARDIS) A. Goel; (PROSPER/PHASE) I.F., B.M.B., S.T.; (QFS) J. Blangero, L.P.; (QIMR) G. Hemani, D.R.N., J.E.P.; (RISC) D.P., A.R.W.; (RSII) K.E., C. Medina-Gomez, F. Rivadeneira, A.G.U.; (RSIII) K.E., C. Medina-Gomez, F. 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person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kanehisa</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Goto</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sato</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Furumichi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Tanabe</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets</article-title><source>Nucleic Acids Res</source><year>2012</year><volume>40</volume><fpage>D109</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22080510</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Regional association plots for loci with multiple association signals</title><p>Panels <bold>a</bold> to <bold>d</bold> highlight examples of multiple signals after approximate conditional joint multiple-SNP analysis GCTA-COJO analysis. SNPs are shaded and shaped based on the index SNP with which they are in strongest LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup>>0.4). Panels <bold>a</bold>-<bold>c</bold> show the majority of signals clustering in and around a single gene (<italic>ACAN, ADAMTS17, PTCH1</italic>, respectively) whereas panel <bold>d</bold> shows the multiple signals clustering through proximity.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="emss-60217-f0001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Quantifying the variance explained by height associated SNPs at different levels of significance</title><p>The SNPs were selected from the approximate conditional and joint multiple SNPs association analysis using GCTA-COJO analysis with the target cohort being excluded from the meta-analysis. <bold>a, b, c</bold>, Partitioning the variance in the SNP-derived genetic predictor using a within-family analysis. The SNP-based predictor was adjusted by the first 20 PCs. The four variance-covariance components <italic>V</italic><sub>g</sub>, <italic>V</italic><sub>e</sub>, <italic>C</italic><sub>g</sub> and <italic>C</italic><sub>e</sub> are defined in <xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>. <bold>d</bold>, Accuracy of predicting phenotype by the genetic predictor in unrelated individuals. The prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> shown on the y-axis is the squared correlation between phenotype and predictor. The SNP-based predictor was adjusted by the first 20 PCs. The solid line is the average prediction <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> weighted by sample size over the five cohorts. The dashed line is the prediction accuracy inferred from the within-family prediction analysis (<xref ref-type="disp-formula" rid="FD20">Equation 19</xref> in <xref ref-type="sec" rid="S6">Online Methods</xref>). <bold>e</bold>, The variance explained by the SNPs was estimated by the whole-genome estimation method in GCTA. The phenotype was adjusted by the first 20 PCs. Each error bar represents the standard error of the estimate. The estimates from all the five cohorts (B-PROOF, FRAM, QIMR, TwinGene and WTCCC-T2D) were averaged by the inverse-variance approach. The dashed line is the variance explained inferred from the within-family prediction analysis. In panels <bold>d</bold> and <bold>e</bold>, the number shown in each column is the number of SNPs used in the analysis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="emss-60217-f0002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Tissue enrichment combined with pruned gene set network</title><p>Genes within genome-wide significant height associated loci enriched for several relevant tissue annotations as well as gene sets. <bold>a</bold>, Genes in associated loci tended to be highly expressed in tissues related to chondrocytes and osteoblasts (cartilage, joints, and spine), and other musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and endocrine tissue-types. The analysis was conducted based on the DEPICT method and 37,427 human microarray samples. Tissue annotations are sorted by physiological system and significance. Significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) tissues are color-coded in black. <bold>b</bold>, Significantly enriched reconstituted gene sets (<italic>P</italic>-value<1×10<sup>−11</sup>, FDR<1×10<sup>−5</sup>) identified by DEPICT. Nodes represent reconstituted gene sets and are color-coded by statistical significance. Edge thickness between nodes is proportional to degree of gene overlap as measured by the <italic>Jaccard</italic> index. Nodes with gene overlap greater than 25% were collapsed into single meta nodes and marked by blue borders. <bold>c</bold>, reconstituted gene sets comprised by the Chordate Embryonic Development meta node, which represented several gene sets relevant to human height (e.g. ossification, embryonic skeletal system development, and limb development).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="emss-60217-f0003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Estimates of variance explained by SNPs selected at different significance levels</title><p>The SNPs were selected by an approximate conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis (GCTA-COJO) of the summary statistics from the meta-analysis. The target cohort for variance estimation was excluded from the meta-analysis.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="1">Threshold</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">QIMR (<italic>n</italic> = 3,924)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">FRAM (<italic>n</italic> = 1,145)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">TwinGene (<italic>n</italic> = 5,668)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">WTCCC-T2D (n = 1,914)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">B-PROOF (n = 2,555)</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">a</xref></sup>Weighted average</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">b</xref></sup>Pred.</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#SNP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>h</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>g</sub></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-8</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">675</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.164</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">656</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.190</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.040</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">670</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.159</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">679</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.143</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">691</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.152</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.021</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.159</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.008</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.149</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-7</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">887</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.187</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">862</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.210</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.045</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">866</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.170</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">890</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.184</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">886</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.162</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.176</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.009</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.166</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-6</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1245</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.196</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1202</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.207</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.050</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1186</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.188</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1256</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.201</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1232</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.175</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.190</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.009</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.186</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-5</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1950</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.212</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1891</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.183</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1918</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.208</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1985</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.208</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1947</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.194</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.206</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.010</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.218</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-4</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3754</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.248</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3671</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.239</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.080</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3689</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.239</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.201</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.047</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3661</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.248</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.240</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.013</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.259</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5E-3</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9693</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.297</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9403</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.171</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.126</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9548</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.287</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9677</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.267</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.070</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9174</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.341</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.055</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.292</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.018</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.339</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">c</xref></sup>HM3</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.473</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.313</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.291</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.522</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.534</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.170</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.463</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.126</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.498</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.044</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><label>a</label><p id="P102">The estimates from all the five cohorts were averaged by the inverse-variance approach i.e. <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M33" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>SE</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>SE</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>;</p></fn><fn id="TFN2"><label>b</label><p id="P103">the predicted variance explained by the selected SNPs (<italic>V</italic><sub>g</sub>) from the within-family prediction analysis;</p></fn><fn id="TFN3"><label>c</label><p id="P104">SNPs from HapMap3 project<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup>.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float" orientation="portrait"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Comparison of prioritized variants, loci, biology and variance explained from GWASs on human stature with 130,000 individuals (previously published in Lango Allen <italic>et al</italic>., 2010) and with 250,000 individuals (this paper).</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height GWAS with 130,000 samples (Lango Allen <italic>et al</italic>., Yang et al)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height GWAS with 253,288 samples</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SNP based comparisons</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GWAS significant SNPS</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">697</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Genomic loci<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">#</xref></sup> (+/− 1Mb)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">180</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">423</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loci<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">#</xref></sup> with multiple signals</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">147</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Secondary associations in loci<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">#</xref></sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">273</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Biological annotation (DEPICT at FDR < 0.05)</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prioritized genes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">649</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loci<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&</xref></sup> with prioritized gene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74 (43%)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">422 (75%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pruned gene sets and protein-protein complexes<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">%</xref></sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">813</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,330</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tissues and cell-types</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Variance explained</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GWAS significant SNPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deep list of SNPs at 1×10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All common SNPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45%<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Heritability explained</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GWAS significant SNPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deep list of SNPs at 1×10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All common SNPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56%<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.5%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN4"><label>*</label><p id="P105">Counts, numbers and estimates for Lango Allen <italic>et al</italic>. are taken from respective publication.</p></fn><fn id="TFN5"><label>#</label><p id="P106">Genomic loci defined by distance: +/− 1Mb from index height SNP</p></fn><fn id="TFN6"><label>&</label><p id="P107">Genomic loci defined by LD: <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> > 0.5 from index height SNP</p></fn><fn id="TFN7"><label>%</label><p id="P108">After clumping of similar gene sets and pathways</p></fn><fn id="TFN8"><label>**</label><p id="P109">Yang et al. <italic>Nat Genet</italic> 42, 565-9 (2010).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="portrait"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Significantly prioritized novel human growth associated genes</title><p>The table lists 20 genes prioritized by DEPICT. Genes are ranked by the number of lines of supporting evidence and the DEPICT <italic>P</italic>-value (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD9">Supplementary Table 16</xref>). Because 20 of the 30 top-ranked genes were in a curated list of genes known to cause syndromes of skeletal<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup>, these “OMIM genes” are not shown here. The top fifteen genes with prior literature support (based on GRAIL) are shown, followed by the top five novel genes. Each gene is accompanied by the significantly enriched reconstituted gene sets in which it appears in (DEPICT gene set enrichment analysis). Abbreviations; (<italic>GO</italic> – Gene Ontology; <italic>MP</italic> – Mice Phenotypes from Mouse Genome Informatics database; <italic>InWeb</italic> – protein-protein interaction complexes; <italic>KEGG</italic> and <italic>REACTOME</italic> databases).</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus (height SNP)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gene symbol</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New locus</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prioritization <italic>P</italic>-value</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levels of biological annotation</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Top ranking reconstituted gene sets</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Genes with prior literature support (<italic>GRAIL</italic>)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10748128</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FRS2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PI 3K cascade (<italic>REACTOME</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.2×10<sup>−13</sup>); Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (<italic>KEGG</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.6×10<sup>−12</sup>); Response To Fibroblast Growth Factor Stimulus (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=5.4×10<sup>−11</sup>);</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2166898</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GLI2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Growth Factor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.6×10<sup>−14</sup>); Regulation Of Osteoblast Differentiation (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.3×10<sup>−11</sup>); WNT-Protein Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−12</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs526896-rs9327705</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TBX4</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.9×10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short Mandible (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.3×10<sup>−19</sup>); Respiratory System Development (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.1×10<sup>−17</sup>); Abnormal Ulna Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−15</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs16860216</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SOX8</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Small Thoracic Cage (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.9×10<sup>−14</sup>); Short Ribs (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.7×10<sup>−8</sup>); Short Sternum (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.5×10<sup>−7</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1199734</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LATS2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Partial Lethality Throughout Fetal Growth And Development (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.2×10<sup>−18</sup>); Growth Factor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.6×10<sup>−14</sup>); TGFB1 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.3×10<sup>−12</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12323101</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PDS5B</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chromatin Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.4×10<sup>−17</sup>); Nuclear Hormone Receptor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.4×10<sup>−12</sup>); RBBP4 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.3×10<sup>−11</sup>); WNT16 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−8</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6746356</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SP3</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BCOR protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.7×10<sup>−17</sup>); AFF2 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.5×10<sup>−7</sup>); Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor Signaling Pathway (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=9.0×10<sup>−6</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3923086</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AXIN2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Signaling By Transforming Growth Factor Beta (<italic>KEGG</italic>,<italic>P</italic>=3.8×10<sup>−15</sup>); WNT Receptor Signaling Pathway (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=6.9×10<sup>−14</sup>); Polydactyly (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.5×10<sup>−10</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3790086</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LTBP1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3×10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal Skeleton Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.1×10<sup>−15</sup>); TGF Beta Signaling Pathway (<italic>KEGG</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.8×10<sup>−15</sup>); Growth Factor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.6×10<sup>−14</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2034172</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>WNT5A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3×10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Partial Lethality Throughout Fetal Growth And Development (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.2×10<sup>−18</sup>); Tissue Morphogenesis (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.1×10<sup>−20</sup>); Abnormal Skeleton Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.1×10<sup>−15</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3915129</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CTNNB1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5×10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AR protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=8.9×10<sup>−17</sup>); TCEB1 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.5×10<sup>−11</sup>); GTF2I protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.6×10<sup>−11</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12330322</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BMP2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6×10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transcription Factor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.7×10<sup>−26</sup>); Complete Embryonic Lethality During Organogenesis (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.9×10<sup>−21</sup>); Short Mandible (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.3×10<sup>−19</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10958476-rs6999671</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BMP6</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Small Basisphenoid Bone (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=8.9×10<sup>−17</sup>); TGF Beta Signaling Pathway (<italic>KEGG</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.8×10<sup>−15</sup>); Growth Factor Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.6×10<sup>−14</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs564914</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SOX5</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6×10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Disproportionate Dwarf (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.8×10<sup>−13</sup>); Abnormal Cartilage Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−13</sup>); Short Limbs (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.8×10<sup>−13</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17807185</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>WNT4</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6×10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Morphogenesis Of An Epithelium (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.3×10<sup>−17</sup>); Gland Development (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=5.4×10<sup>−16</sup>); Basal Cell Carcinoma (<italic>KEGG</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.5×10<sup>−12</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Novel genes without prior evidence</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs8042424</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CHSY1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal Cartilage Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−13</sup>); Abnormal Bone Ossification (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.1×10<sup>−12</sup>); Signaling by Transforming Growth Factor Beta (<italic>REACTOME</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=5.9×10<sup>−9</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7652177</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FNDC3B</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal Spongiotrophoblast Layer Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.2×10<sup>−16</sup>); Decreased Length Of Long Bones (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.7×10<sup>−12</sup>); ITGB1 protein complex (<italic>InWeb</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=5.2×10<sup>−8</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7284476</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TRIOBP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative Regulation Of Cell Proliferation (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.3×10<sup>−17</sup>); Abnormal Vitelline Vasculature Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.7×10<sup>−15</sup>); Beta-Catenin Binding (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.0×10<sup>−5</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2149163-rs3927536</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BNC2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short Ulna (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.7×10<sup>−13</sup>); Abnormal Joint Morphology (<italic>MP</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=8.6×10<sup>−11</sup>); Regulation Of Chondrocyte Differentiation (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.9×10<sup>−9</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3790086</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>WWP2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cartilage Development (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.0×10<sup>−19</sup>); Chondrocyte Differentiation (<italic>GO</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.0×10<sup>−15</sup>); Signaling By Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (<italic>REACTOME</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=4.8×10<sup>−10</sup>)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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