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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer</title><author><name sortKey="Wolpin, Brian M" sort="Wolpin, Brian M" uniqKey="Wolpin B" first="Brian M." last="Wolpin">Brian M. Wolpin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzato, Cosmeri" sort="Rizzato, Cosmeri" uniqKey="Rizzato C" first="Cosmeri" last="Rizzato">Cosmeri Rizzato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Gloria M" sort="Petersen, Gloria M" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="Gloria M." last="Petersen">Gloria M. Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arslan, Alan A" sort="Arslan, Alan A" uniqKey="Arslan A" first="Alan A." last="Arslan">Alan A. Arslan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beane Freeman, Laura" sort="Beane Freeman, Laura" uniqKey="Beane Freeman L" first="Laura" last="Beane-Freeman">Laura Beane-Freeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M." last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie" sort="Buring, Julie" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie" last="Buring">Julie Buring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canzian, Federico" sort="Canzian, Federico" uniqKey="Canzian F" first="Federico" last="Canzian">Federico Canzian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duell, Eric J" sort="Duell, Eric J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="Eric J." last="Duell">Eric J. Duell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steven" sort="Gallinger, Steven" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steven" last="Gallinger">Steven Gallinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G." last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, Gary E" sort="Goodman, Gary E" uniqKey="Goodman G" first="Gary E." last="Goodman">Gary E. Goodman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, Phyllis J" sort="Goodman, Phyllis J" uniqKey="Goodman P" first="Phyllis J." last="Goodman">Phyllis J. Goodman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Eric J" sort="Jacobs, Eric J" uniqKey="Jacobs E" first="Eric J." last="Jacobs">Eric J. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamineni, Aruna" sort="Kamineni, Aruna" uniqKey="Kamineni A" first="Aruna" last="Kamineni">Aruna Kamineni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Alison P" sort="Klein, Alison P" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Alison P." last="Klein">Alison P. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Epidemiology, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N." last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">The Cancer Research Center of Hawaii (retired), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulke, Matthew H" sort="Kulke, Matthew H" uniqKey="Kulke M" first="Matthew H." last="Kulke">Matthew H. Kulke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Donghui" sort="Li, Donghui" uniqKey="Li D" first="Donghui" last="Li">Donghui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malats, Nuria" sort="Malats, Nuria" uniqKey="Malats N" first="Núria" last="Malats">Núria Malats</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Sara H" sort="Olson, Sara H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="Sara H." last="Olson">Sara H. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Risch, Harvey A" sort="Risch, Harvey A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="Harvey A." last="Risch">Harvey A. Risch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D." last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visvanathan, Kala" sort="Visvanathan, Kala" uniqKey="Visvanathan K" first="Kala" last="Visvanathan">Kala Visvanathan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Wei" sort="Zheng, Wei" uniqKey="Zheng W" first="Wei" last="Zheng">Wei Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abnet, Christian C" sort="Abnet, Christian C" uniqKey="Abnet C" first="Christian C." last="Abnet">Christian C. Abnet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreotti, Gabriella" sort="Andreotti, Gabriella" uniqKey="Andreotti G" first="Gabriella" last="Andreotti">Gabriella Andreotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Austin, Melissa A" sort="Austin, Melissa A" uniqKey="Austin M" first="Melissa A." last="Austin">Melissa A. Austin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barfield, Richard" sort="Barfield, Richard" uniqKey="Barfield R" first="Richard" last="Barfield">Richard Barfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basso, Daniela" sort="Basso, Daniela" uniqKey="Basso D" first="Daniela" last="Basso">Daniela Basso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" sort="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Boutron Ruault M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Boutron-Ruault">Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brotzman, Michelle" sort="Brotzman, Michelle" uniqKey="Brotzman M" first="Michelle" last="Brotzman">Michelle Brotzman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchler, Markus W" sort="Buchler, Markus W" uniqKey="Buchler M" first="Markus W." last="Büchler">Markus W. Büchler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, H Bas" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, H Bas" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H. Bas" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bugert, Peter" sort="Bugert, Peter" uniqKey="Bugert P" first="Peter" last="Bugert">Peter Bugert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdette, Laurie" sort="Burdette, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdette L" first="Laurie" last="Burdette">Laurie Burdette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campa, Daniele" sort="Campa, Daniele" uniqKey="Campa D" first="Daniele" last="Campa">Daniele Campa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E." last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capurso, Gabriele" sort="Capurso, Gabriele" uniqKey="Capurso G" first="Gabriele" last="Capurso">Gabriele Capurso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Charles" sort="Chung, Charles" uniqKey="Chung C" first="Charles" last="Chung">Charles Chung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, Michelle" sort="Cotterchio, Michelle" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="Michelle" last="Cotterchio">Michelle Cotterchio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costello, Eithne" sort="Costello, Eithne" uniqKey="Costello E" first="Eithne" last="Costello">Eithne Costello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elena, Joanne" sort="Elena, Joanne" uniqKey="Elena J" first="Joanne" last="Elena">Joanne Elena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Funel, Niccola" sort="Funel, Niccola" uniqKey="Funel N" first="Niccola" last="Funel">Niccola Funel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Surgery, Unit of Experimental Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaziano, J Michael" sort="Gaziano, J Michael" uniqKey="Gaziano J" first="J. Michael" last="Gaziano">J. Michael Gaziano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research, and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giese, Nathalia A" sort="Giese, Nathalia A" uniqKey="Giese N" first="Nathalia A." last="Giese">Nathalia A. Giese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward L" sort="Giovannucci, Edward L" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward L." last="Giovannucci">Edward L. Giovannucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goggins, Michael" sort="Goggins, Michael" uniqKey="Goggins M" first="Michael" last="Goggins">Michael Goggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorman, Megan J" sort="Gorman, Megan J" uniqKey="Gorman M" first="Megan J." last="Gorman">Megan J. Gorman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Myron" sort="Gross, Myron" uniqKey="Gross M" first="Myron" last="Gross">Myron Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Manal" sort="Hassan, Manal" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="Manal" last="Hassan">Manal Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helzlsouer, Kathy J" sort="Helzlsouer, Kathy J" uniqKey="Helzlsouer K" first="Kathy J." last="Helzlsouer">Kathy J. Helzlsouer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian E" sort="Henderson, Brian E" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian E." last="Henderson">Brian E. Henderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Cancer Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A." last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Nan" sort="Hu, Nan" uniqKey="Hu N" first="Nan" last="Hu">Nan Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Innocenti, Federico" sort="Innocenti, Federico" uniqKey="Innocenti F" first="Federico" last="Innocenti">Federico Innocenti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenab, Mazda" sort="Jenab, Mazda" uniqKey="Jenab M" first="Mazda" last="Jenab">Mazda Jenab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolf" sort="Kaaks, Rudolf" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolf" last="Kaaks">Rudolf Kaaks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Key, Timothy J" sort="Key, Timothy J" uniqKey="Key T" first="Timothy J." last="Key">Timothy J. Key</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Eric A" sort="Klein, Eric A" uniqKey="Klein E" first="Eric A." last="Klein">Eric A. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Vittorio" sort="Krogh, Vittorio" uniqKey="Krogh V" first="Vittorio" last="Krogh">Vittorio Krogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kupcinskas, Juozas" sort="Kupcinskas, Juozas" uniqKey="Kupcinskas J" first="Juozas" last="Kupcinskas">Juozas Kupcinskas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Robert C" sort="Kurtz, Robert C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="Robert C." last="Kurtz">Robert C. Kurtz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lacroix, Andrea" sort="Lacroix, Andrea" uniqKey="Lacroix A" first="Andrea" last="Lacroix">Andrea Lacroix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria T" sort="Landi, Maria T" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria T." last="Landi">Maria T. Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Stefano" sort="Landi, Stefano" uniqKey="Landi S" first="Stefano" last="Landi">Stefano Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mambrini, Andrea" sort="Mambrini, Andrea" uniqKey="Mambrini A" first="Andrea" last="Mambrini">Andrea Mambrini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Oncology Department, ASL1 Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mannisto, Satu" sort="Mannisto, Satu" uniqKey="Mannisto S" first="Satu" last="Mannisto">Satu Mannisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milne, Roger L" sort="Milne, Roger L" uniqKey="Milne R" first="Roger L." last="Milne">Roger L. Milne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Yusuke" sort="Nakamura, Yusuke" uniqKey="Nakamura Y" first="Yusuke" last="Nakamura">Yusuke Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oberg, Ann L" sort="Oberg, Ann L" uniqKey="Oberg A" first="Ann L." last="Oberg">Ann L. Oberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owzar, Kouros" sort="Owzar, Kouros" uniqKey="Owzar K" first="Kouros" last="Owzar">Kouros Owzar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Alpa V" sort="Patel, Alpa V" uniqKey="Patel A" first="Alpa V." last="Patel">Alpa V. Patel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peeters, Petra H M" sort="Peeters, Petra H M" uniqKey="Peeters P" first="Petra H. M." last="Peeters">Petra H. M. Peeters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pezzilli, Raffaele" sort="Pezzilli, Raffaele" uniqKey="Pezzilli R" first="Raffaele" last="Pezzilli">Raffaele Pezzilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piepoli, Ada" sort="Piepoli, Ada" uniqKey="Piepoli A" first="Ada" last="Piepoli">Ada Piepoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Gastroenterology, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porta, Miquel" sort="Porta, Miquel" uniqKey="Porta M" first="Miquel" last="Porta">Miquel Porta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Real, Francisco X" sort="Real, Francisco X" uniqKey="Real F" first="Francisco X." last="Real">Francisco X. 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Wolpin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzato, Cosmeri" sort="Rizzato, Cosmeri" uniqKey="Rizzato C" first="Cosmeri" last="Rizzato">Cosmeri Rizzato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Gloria M" sort="Petersen, Gloria M" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="Gloria M." last="Petersen">Gloria M. Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arslan, Alan A" sort="Arslan, Alan A" uniqKey="Arslan A" first="Alan A." last="Arslan">Alan A. Arslan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beane Freeman, Laura" sort="Beane Freeman, Laura" uniqKey="Beane Freeman L" first="Laura" last="Beane-Freeman">Laura Beane-Freeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M." last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie" sort="Buring, Julie" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie" last="Buring">Julie Buring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canzian, Federico" sort="Canzian, Federico" uniqKey="Canzian F" first="Federico" last="Canzian">Federico Canzian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duell, Eric J" sort="Duell, Eric J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="Eric J." last="Duell">Eric J. Duell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steven" sort="Gallinger, Steven" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steven" last="Gallinger">Steven Gallinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G." last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, Gary E" sort="Goodman, Gary E" uniqKey="Goodman G" first="Gary E." last="Goodman">Gary E. Goodman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodman, Phyllis J" sort="Goodman, Phyllis J" uniqKey="Goodman P" first="Phyllis J." last="Goodman">Phyllis J. Goodman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Eric J" sort="Jacobs, Eric J" uniqKey="Jacobs E" first="Eric J." last="Jacobs">Eric J. Jacobs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamineni, Aruna" sort="Kamineni, Aruna" uniqKey="Kamineni A" first="Aruna" last="Kamineni">Aruna Kamineni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Alison P" sort="Klein, Alison P" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Alison P." last="Klein">Alison P. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Epidemiology, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N." last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">The Cancer Research Center of Hawaii (retired), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulke, Matthew H" sort="Kulke, Matthew H" uniqKey="Kulke M" first="Matthew H." last="Kulke">Matthew H. Kulke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Donghui" sort="Li, Donghui" uniqKey="Li D" first="Donghui" last="Li">Donghui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malats, Nuria" sort="Malats, Nuria" uniqKey="Malats N" first="Núria" last="Malats">Núria Malats</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Sara H" sort="Olson, Sara H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="Sara H." last="Olson">Sara H. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Risch, Harvey A" sort="Risch, Harvey A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="Harvey A." last="Risch">Harvey A. Risch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D." last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visvanathan, Kala" sort="Visvanathan, Kala" uniqKey="Visvanathan K" first="Kala" last="Visvanathan">Kala Visvanathan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Wei" sort="Zheng, Wei" uniqKey="Zheng W" first="Wei" last="Zheng">Wei Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abnet, Christian C" sort="Abnet, Christian C" uniqKey="Abnet C" first="Christian C." last="Abnet">Christian C. Abnet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreotti, Gabriella" sort="Andreotti, Gabriella" uniqKey="Andreotti G" first="Gabriella" last="Andreotti">Gabriella Andreotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Austin, Melissa A" sort="Austin, Melissa A" uniqKey="Austin M" first="Melissa A." last="Austin">Melissa A. Austin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barfield, Richard" sort="Barfield, Richard" uniqKey="Barfield R" first="Richard" last="Barfield">Richard Barfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basso, Daniela" sort="Basso, Daniela" uniqKey="Basso D" first="Daniela" last="Basso">Daniela Basso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" sort="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Boutron Ruault M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Boutron-Ruault">Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brotzman, Michelle" sort="Brotzman, Michelle" uniqKey="Brotzman M" first="Michelle" last="Brotzman">Michelle Brotzman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchler, Markus W" sort="Buchler, Markus W" uniqKey="Buchler M" first="Markus W." last="Büchler">Markus W. Büchler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, H Bas" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, H Bas" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H. Bas" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bugert, Peter" sort="Bugert, Peter" uniqKey="Bugert P" first="Peter" last="Bugert">Peter Bugert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdette, Laurie" sort="Burdette, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdette L" first="Laurie" last="Burdette">Laurie Burdette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campa, Daniele" sort="Campa, Daniele" uniqKey="Campa D" first="Daniele" last="Campa">Daniele Campa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E." last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capurso, Gabriele" sort="Capurso, Gabriele" uniqKey="Capurso G" first="Gabriele" last="Capurso">Gabriele Capurso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Charles" sort="Chung, Charles" uniqKey="Chung C" first="Charles" last="Chung">Charles Chung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, Michelle" sort="Cotterchio, Michelle" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="Michelle" last="Cotterchio">Michelle Cotterchio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costello, Eithne" sort="Costello, Eithne" uniqKey="Costello E" first="Eithne" last="Costello">Eithne Costello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elena, Joanne" sort="Elena, Joanne" uniqKey="Elena J" first="Joanne" last="Elena">Joanne Elena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Funel, Niccola" sort="Funel, Niccola" uniqKey="Funel N" first="Niccola" last="Funel">Niccola Funel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Surgery, Unit of Experimental Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaziano, J Michael" sort="Gaziano, J Michael" uniqKey="Gaziano J" first="J. Michael" last="Gaziano">J. Michael Gaziano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research, and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giese, Nathalia A" sort="Giese, Nathalia A" uniqKey="Giese N" first="Nathalia A." last="Giese">Nathalia A. Giese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward L" sort="Giovannucci, Edward L" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward L." last="Giovannucci">Edward L. Giovannucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goggins, Michael" sort="Goggins, Michael" uniqKey="Goggins M" first="Michael" last="Goggins">Michael Goggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorman, Megan J" sort="Gorman, Megan J" uniqKey="Gorman M" first="Megan J." last="Gorman">Megan J. Gorman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Myron" sort="Gross, Myron" uniqKey="Gross M" first="Myron" last="Gross">Myron Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Manal" sort="Hassan, Manal" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="Manal" last="Hassan">Manal Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helzlsouer, Kathy J" sort="Helzlsouer, Kathy J" uniqKey="Helzlsouer K" first="Kathy J." last="Helzlsouer">Kathy J. Helzlsouer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian E" sort="Henderson, Brian E" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian E." last="Henderson">Brian E. Henderson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Cancer Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A." last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Nan" sort="Hu, Nan" uniqKey="Hu N" first="Nan" last="Hu">Nan Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Innocenti, Federico" sort="Innocenti, Federico" uniqKey="Innocenti F" first="Federico" last="Innocenti">Federico Innocenti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenab, Mazda" sort="Jenab, Mazda" uniqKey="Jenab M" first="Mazda" last="Jenab">Mazda Jenab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolf" sort="Kaaks, Rudolf" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolf" last="Kaaks">Rudolf Kaaks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Key, Timothy J" sort="Key, Timothy J" uniqKey="Key T" first="Timothy J." last="Key">Timothy J. Key</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Eric A" sort="Klein, Eric A" uniqKey="Klein E" first="Eric A." last="Klein">Eric A. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Vittorio" sort="Krogh, Vittorio" uniqKey="Krogh V" first="Vittorio" last="Krogh">Vittorio Krogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kupcinskas, Juozas" sort="Kupcinskas, Juozas" uniqKey="Kupcinskas J" first="Juozas" last="Kupcinskas">Juozas Kupcinskas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Robert C" sort="Kurtz, Robert C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="Robert C." last="Kurtz">Robert C. Kurtz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lacroix, Andrea" sort="Lacroix, Andrea" uniqKey="Lacroix A" first="Andrea" last="Lacroix">Andrea Lacroix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria T" sort="Landi, Maria T" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria T." last="Landi">Maria T. Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Stefano" sort="Landi, Stefano" uniqKey="Landi S" first="Stefano" last="Landi">Stefano Landi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mambrini, Andrea" sort="Mambrini, Andrea" uniqKey="Mambrini A" first="Andrea" last="Mambrini">Andrea Mambrini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Oncology Department, ASL1 Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mannisto, Satu" sort="Mannisto, Satu" uniqKey="Mannisto S" first="Satu" last="Mannisto">Satu Mannisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milne, Roger L" sort="Milne, Roger L" uniqKey="Milne R" first="Roger L." last="Milne">Roger L. Milne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Yusuke" sort="Nakamura, Yusuke" uniqKey="Nakamura Y" first="Yusuke" last="Nakamura">Yusuke Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oberg, Ann L" sort="Oberg, Ann L" uniqKey="Oberg A" first="Ann L." last="Oberg">Ann L. Oberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owzar, Kouros" sort="Owzar, Kouros" uniqKey="Owzar K" first="Kouros" last="Owzar">Kouros Owzar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Alpa V" sort="Patel, Alpa V" uniqKey="Patel A" first="Alpa V." last="Patel">Alpa V. Patel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peeters, Petra H M" sort="Peeters, Petra H M" uniqKey="Peeters P" first="Petra H. M." last="Peeters">Petra H. M. Peeters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pezzilli, Raffaele" sort="Pezzilli, Raffaele" uniqKey="Pezzilli R" first="Raffaele" last="Pezzilli">Raffaele Pezzilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piepoli, Ada" sort="Piepoli, Ada" uniqKey="Piepoli A" first="Ada" last="Piepoli">Ada Piepoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Gastroenterology, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porta, Miquel" sort="Porta, Miquel" uniqKey="Porta M" first="Miquel" last="Porta">Miquel Porta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Real, Francisco X" sort="Real, Francisco X" uniqKey="Real F" first="Francisco X." last="Real">Francisco X. Real</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Departament de Ciències i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scarpa, Aldo" sort="Scarpa, Aldo" uniqKey="Scarpa A" first="Aldo" last="Scarpa">Aldo Scarpa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Xiao Ou" sort="Shu, Xiao Ou" uniqKey="Shu X" first="Xiao-Ou" last="Shu">Xiao-Ou Shu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, Debra T" sort="Silverman, Debra T" uniqKey="Silverman D" first="Debra T." last="Silverman">Debra T. 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Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theodoropoulos, George E" sort="Theodoropoulos, George E" uniqKey="Theodoropoulos G" first="George E." last="Theodoropoulos">George E. 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Chanock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael S" sort="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael S" uniqKey="Stolzenberg Solomon R" first="Rachael S." last="Stolzenberg-Solomon">Rachael S. Stolzenberg-Solomon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amundadottir, Laufey T" sort="Amundadottir, Laufey T" uniqKey="Amundadottir L" first="Laufey T." last="Amundadottir">Laufey T. Amundadottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P3">We performed a multistage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 7,683 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls of European descent. Four new loci reached genome-wide significance: rs6971499 at 7q32.3 (<italic>LINC-PINT</italic>; per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74–0.84; <italic>P</italic> = 3.0×10<sup>−12</sup>), rs7190458 at 16q23.1 (<italic>BCAR1/CTRB1/CTRB2</italic>; OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.30–1.65; <italic>P</italic> = 1.1×10<sup>−10</sup>), rs9581943 at 13q12.2 (<italic>PDX1</italic>; OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.10–1.20; <italic>P</italic> = 2.4×10<sup>−9</sup>), and rs16986825 at 22q12.1 (<italic>ZNRF3</italic>; OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.12–1.25; <italic>P</italic> = 1.2×10<sup>−8</sup>). An independent signal was identified in exon 2 of <italic>TERT</italic> at the established region 5p15.33 (rs2736098; OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.76–0.85; <italic>P</italic> = 9.8×10<sup>−14</sup>). We also identified a locus at 8q24.21 (rs1561927; <italic>P</italic> = 1.3×10<sup>−7</sup>) that approached genome-wide significance located 455 kb telomeric of <italic>PVT1</italic>. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tobias</surname><given-names>Geoffrey S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trichopoulos</surname><given-names>Dimitrios</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A98">98</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A99">99</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vodicka</surname><given-names>Pavel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A100">100</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wactawski-Wende</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A101">101</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wentzensen</surname><given-names>Nicolas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Chen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Herbert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Kai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</surname><given-names>Anne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoover</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hartge</surname><given-names>Patricia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fuchs</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chanock</surname><given-names>Stephen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Stolzenberg-Solomon</surname><given-names>Rachael S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Amundadottir</surname><given-names>Laufey T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">†</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Epidemiology, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>The Cancer Research Center of Hawaii (retired), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, F-94805, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Department of Surgery, Unit of Experimental Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research, and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Cancer Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>Oncology Department, ASL1 Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Department of Gastroenterology, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Departament de Ciències i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>ARC-NET: Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Toxicogenomics Unit, Center for Toxicology and Safety, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Surgical and Peroperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Łodz, Łodz, Poland</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>1st Propaideutic Surgical Department, Hippocration University Hospital, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA</aff><author-notes><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally to this work</p></fn><fn id="FN2"><label>†</label><p id="P2">These authors jointly directed this work</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>13</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>994</fpage><lpage>1000</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.3052</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms"><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P3">We performed a multistage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 7,683 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls of European descent. Four new loci reached genome-wide significance: rs6971499 at 7q32.3 (<italic>LINC-PINT</italic>; per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74–0.84; <italic>P</italic> = 3.0×10<sup>−12</sup>), rs7190458 at 16q23.1 (<italic>BCAR1/CTRB1/CTRB2</italic>; OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.30–1.65; <italic>P</italic> = 1.1×10<sup>−10</sup>), rs9581943 at 13q12.2 (<italic>PDX1</italic>; OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.10–1.20; <italic>P</italic> = 2.4×10<sup>−9</sup>), and rs16986825 at 22q12.1 (<italic>ZNRF3</italic>; OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.12–1.25; <italic>P</italic> = 1.2×10<sup>−8</sup>). An independent signal was identified in exon 2 of <italic>TERT</italic> at the established region 5p15.33 (rs2736098; OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.76–0.85; <italic>P</italic> = 9.8×10<sup>−14</sup>). We also identified a locus at 8q24.21 (rs1561927; <italic>P</italic> = 1.3×10<sup>−7</sup>) that approached genome-wide significance located 455 kb telomeric of <italic>PVT1</italic>. Our study has identified multiple new susceptibility alleles for pancreatic cancer worthy of follow-up studies.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p id="P4">Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the fifth leading cause in the European Union<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>. Over 80% of patients have incurable disease at the time of diagnosis, and the majority live for less than 12 months<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. Rare, moderately- to highly-penetrant mutations account for a small fraction of the familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. In two previous GWAS called PanScan I<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> and PanScan II<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup>, we identified common variants at four loci associated with risk of sporadic pancreatic cancer in European populations. Subsequent GWAS demonstrated five distinct susceptibility loci among individuals of Chinese descent<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> and three suggestive loci among individuals of Japanese descent<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P5">In the current study (designated PanScan III), we performed a multistage GWAS of 7,683 individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 control individuals of European descent (Online Methods, <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>). In stage 1, we newly genotyped 1,582 cases from 13 prospective cohort studies, 2 case series, and 1 case-control study using Illumina OmniExpress Beadchip array. The control population included 5,203 cancer-free individuals previously genotyped using second-generation Illumina SNP microarrays (e.g. OmniExpress, Omni 1M or Omni 2.5M) and drawn from PanScan III prospective cohorts and a Spanish case-control study of bladder cancer. Of newly genotyped cases, 94% passed quality control criteria (Online Methods, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3</xref>), and 712,704 SNPs were included with a minimum call rate of 94%. In stage 2, we used the primary whole genome scan data from the reported PanScan I<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> (1,757 cases and 1,801 controls from 12 cohort studies and 1 case-control study typed on Illumina HumanHap550 array) and PanScan II<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> (1,768 cases and 1,841 controls from 8 case-control studies typed with Illumina Human 610-Quad array) studies. To address differences in typed SNPs across the arrays, we utilized the DCEG Imputation Reference Set<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> to fill in missing genotypes (Online Methods).</p><p id="P6">In a meta-analysis of stages 1 and 2, we observed robust associations for the four previously identified loci in individuals of European descent: rs687289 at 9q34.2 (<italic>ABO</italic>, OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.20–1.35; <italic>P</italic> = 1.6×10<sup>−16</sup>), rs9543325 at 13q22.1 (<italic>KLF5/KLF12</italic>, OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.18–1.30; <italic>P</italic> = 4.3×10<sup>−14</sup>), rs10919791 at 1q32.1 (<italic>NR5A2</italic>, OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.75–0.85; <italic>P</italic> = 1.4×10<sup>−11</sup>), and rs31490 at 5p15.33 (<italic>CLPTM1L</italic>, OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.14–1.27 <italic>P</italic> = 2.0×10<sup>−11</sup>).</p><p id="P7">We observed two new SNPs below genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>) in the meta-analysis of stages 1 and 2, plus 11 additional promising SNPs (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−5</sup>) from distinct regions (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). These 13 SNPs were carried forward for replication (stage 3) in 2,576 cases and 5,552 controls, drawn from: (a) cases in stage 1 with DNA quantity insufficient for full GWAS, (b) cases and controls from the PANDoRA consortium<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup>, and (c) cases enrolled to CALGB 80303, a U.S. cooperative group clinical trial<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>). Additional control subjects were selected from cancer-free individuals previously genotyped using Illumina HumanHap550 array (Online Methods). Of 13 SNPs advanced to replication, nine SNPs were associated with pancreatic cancer risk (<italic>P</italic> <0.05) in the replication stage (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 6</xref>).</p><p id="P8">For the complete study of 7,683 cases and 14,397 controls, we applied a fixed-effect meta-analysis to the results from the three stages. Overall, six SNPs had <italic>P</italic>-values below genome-wide significance: rs2736098 at 5p15.33 (a second signal in <italic>TERT</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=9.8×10<sup>−14</sup>), rs6971499 at 7q32.3 (<italic>LINC-PINT</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=3.0×10<sup>−12</sup>), rs7190458 at 16q23.1 (<italic>BCAR1/CTRB1/CTRB2</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.1×10<sup>−10</sup>), rs9581943 at 13q12.2 (<italic>PDX1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=2.4×10<sup>−9</sup>), rs16986825 at 22q12.1 (<italic>ZNRF3</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=1.2×10<sup>−8</sup>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>), and rs4962153 at 9q34.2 (<italic>ADAMTS13, P</italic>=1.5×10<sup>−8</sup>). In a subsequent conditional analysis described below, rs4962153 in <italic>ADAMTS13</italic> marked the same signal as rs687289 in <italic>ABO</italic> identified in PanScan I and II. An additional locus at 8q24.21 was close to genome-wide significance (rs1561927, <italic>P</italic>=1.3×10<sup>−7</sup>) and located in a region previously associated with multiple cancers (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>).</p><p id="P9">The SNP, rs6971499, at 7q32.3 maps to an intron in <italic>LINC-PINT</italic>, which is a p53-induced long intergenic non-protein coding RNA located in a 375 kb region between <italic>Muskelin 1 (MKLN1)</italic> and <italic>KLF14</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). Muskelin is an intracellular protein that mediates cell response to the extracellular matrix, particularly influencing cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup>. KLF14 is a member of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors, which have been implicated as tumor suppressors, including in mutant KRAS-driven tumors<sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup>. KLF14 has also been identified as a regulator of several metabolic phenotypes, including type 2 diabetes<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup>. Notably, the previously established susceptibility locus at 13q22.1 is located in an intergenic region between <italic>KLF5</italic> and <italic>KLF12</italic>, two other members of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors.</p><p id="P10">The SNP, rs7190458, at 16q23.1 is a synonymous SNP residing in the last exon of <italic>BCAR1</italic> (also known as <italic>p130Cas</italic>) and close to two chymotrypsinogen genes, <italic>CTRB1</italic> (5 kb) and <italic>CTRB2</italic> (23kb) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). Aberrant expression of <italic>BCAR1</italic> has been linked with transformation and progression of multiple cancer types, and BCAR1 functions as an adaptor protein that coordinates cell cycle control, cytoskeleton organization, and cell migration<sup><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>,<xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup>. The chymotrypsinogens are members of a family of serine proteases that are secreted by the pancreas into the gastrointestinal tract<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup>. Mutations in the related genes <italic>PRSS1</italic> (<italic>trypsin 1</italic>) and <italic>CTRC</italic> have been associated with hereditary pancreatitis<sup><xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>, a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer<sup><xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup>. In addition, a susceptibility locus for types 1 and 2 diabetes<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>,<xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup> is located 16 kb centromeric to rs7190458 (rs7202877, r<sup>2</sup>=0.32 in 1000G CEU data). Functional analyses indicate that this variant (rs7202877) leads to impaired pancreatic beta-cell function<sup><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup> and influences expression of <italic>CTRB1</italic> and <italic>CTRB2</italic> in pancreatic tissue<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P11">At chromosome 13q12.2, the newly identified SNP, rs9581943, is approximately 200bp upstream of <italic>PDX1</italic> (<italic>pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1 protein 1</italic>) and intronic to <italic>PDX1-AS1</italic> (<italic>PDX1 antisense RNA 1</italic>), a recently identified noncoding RNA (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). PDX1 is critical for early pancreatic development, plays a role in differentiation of exocrine pancreas, and regulates beta-cell function in the mature pancreas<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>,<xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup>. Mutations in <italic>PDX1</italic> have been linked to agenesis of the pancreas<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup> and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)<sup><xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref></sup>, a dominantly inherited disorder of non-autoimmune diabetes. Furthermore, PDX1 has been implicated in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene transcription<sup><xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref></sup>, and GWAS have identified a SNP (rs2293941, r<sup>2</sup>=0.20 in 1000G CEU data) at the <italic>PDX1</italic> locus associated with fasting glucose levels<sup><xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P12">The signal at 22q12.1, rs16986825, maps to an intron in <italic>ZNRF3</italic> (z<italic>inc and ring finger 3</italic>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>), encoding a cell surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway<sup><xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup>. Additionally, <italic>CHEK2</italic> is located 162 kb centromeric to the marker SNP and encodes a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase that cooperates with p53, BRCA1 and ATM in response to DNA damage<sup><xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></sup>. Alterations in <italic>CHEK2</italic> have been implicated in susceptibility to several cancer types<sup><xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P13">We performed conditional analyses to assess whether the newly identified SNPs at 5p15.33 (<italic>CLPTM1L/TERT</italic>) and 9q34.2 (<italic>ABO/ADAMTS13</italic>) were independent from those identified previously. After conditioning on the reported SNP within intron 13 of <italic>CLPTM1L</italic>, the newly identified synonymous SNP within the second exon of <italic>TERT</italic> (rs2736098) remained statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>=2.4×10<sup>−3</sup>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>). Two strong recombination hotspots lie between the established and new SNPs in 1000G CEU data (likelihood ratios, LR of 27.1 and 261.0)<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></sup>, and the two SNPs are in modest linkage disequilibrium (LD; r<sup>2</sup>=0.22 in 1000G CEU data) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>).</p><p id="P14"><italic>TERT</italic> encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase, a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex that maintains integrity of chromosome ends. Inherited mutations affecting <italic>TERT</italic> underlie cases of dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, familial melanoma, and pulmonary fibrosis<sup><xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>,<xref rid="R34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref></sup>. <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> encodes the cleft lip and palate associated transmembrane 1 like protein involved in mediating apoptosis, aneuploidy, cisplatin resistance, and RAS-mediated malignant transformation<sup><xref rid="R35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>,<xref rid="R36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref></sup>. Variants across the <italic>TERT/CLPTM1L</italic> region have previously been associated with risk of multiple cancers. Furthermore, independent signals within <italic>TERT</italic> and <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> have been identified for bladder cancer<sup><xref rid="R37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref></sup>, CLL<sup><xref rid="R38" ref-type="bibr">38</xref></sup>, and lung cancer<sup><xref rid="R37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>,<xref rid="R39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref></sup>, and fine-mapping studies have identified at least four independent signals across the <italic>TERT</italic>/<italic>CLPTM1L</italic> region associated with cancer<sup><xref rid="R40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>,<xref rid="R41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref></sup>. The new SNP identified in PanScan III (rs2736098) is located in a region of LD spanning ~4kb from the promoter region to exon 2 of <italic>TERT</italic>. This SNP and several correlated SNPs have been associated with telomere length in white blood cells and <italic>TERT</italic> promoter activity<sup><xref rid="R37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>,<xref rid="R40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>,<xref rid="R41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref></sup>. The minor allele of rs2736098 that is associated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer in PanScan was associated with longer telomeres and lower risk of breast cancer<sup><xref rid="R40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref></sup>. Although further characterization of this region will be necessary, the new SNP in exon 2 of <italic>TERT</italic> appears to mark an independent risk locus for pancreatic cancer.</p><p id="P15">After conditioning on the established SNP at 9q34.2 in the first intron of <italic>ABO</italic>, the SNP rs4962153 in <italic>ADAMTS13</italic> identified in PanScan III was not statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>=0.28), indicating that these two SNPs point to the same susceptibility haplotype (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>).</p><p id="P16">A promising risk locus was identified at 8q24.21 (rs1561927; <italic>P</italic> = 1.3×10<sup>−7</sup>) in a nongenic region between <italic>PVT1</italic> and <italic>LINC00977</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). 8q24.21 is known to contain multiple cancer susceptibility loci that span over 2Mb<sup><xref rid="R42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>,<xref rid="R43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref></sup>. The promising pancreatic cancer SNP is in LD with a SNP associated with ovarian cancer risk (rs10088218, r<sup>2</sup>=0.37 in 1000G CEU data, 24kb upstream)<sup><xref rid="R44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref></sup>, and the closest genes are centromeric to rs1561927: <italic>MIR1208</italic> (406 kb), <italic>PVT1</italic> (455 kb), and <italic>MYC</italic> (814 kb). Several 8q24.21 risk loci have been shown to interact with <italic>MYC</italic> or <italic>PVT1</italic> promoters through long range chromosomal interaction, and allele-specific effects on the expression of both genes have been reported<sup><xref rid="R42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>,<xref rid="R45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>,<xref rid="R46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref></sup>. However, these loci are located more than 1 Mb upstream of rs1561927 on 8q24.21 (r<sup>2</sup><0.03 in 1000G CEU data).</p><p id="P17">In stratified analyses, no statistically significant heterogeneity was noted by geographic region or smoking status (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 8 and 9</xref>). In a preliminary analysis that included 173 cases and 430 controls of Asian ancestry (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 10</xref>), we examined the susceptibility loci identified in individuals of European descent<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>,<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). We also assessed previously published pancreatic cancer risk loci from individuals of Chinese<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> and Japanese<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> ancestry, noting no loci and one locus, respectively, as nominally statistically significant in PanScan (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>).</p><p id="P18">To pursue the first steps towards understanding the functional underpinnings of the newly identified risk alleles, we conducted bioinformatic analyses using HaploReg<sup><xref rid="R47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). We also evaluated expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) effects<sup><xref rid="R48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>–<xref rid="R50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). Cis-eQTLs were noted on chr16q23.1 in peripheral blood (<italic>CFDP1</italic>), chr13q12.2 in skin and liver (<italic>POMP</italic>), chr22q12.1 in liver and peripheral blood (<italic>CCDC117</italic>) and peripheral blood (<italic>XBP1</italic>), and chr8q24.21 in adipose tissue (<italic>PVT1</italic>). <italic>XBP1</italic> at chr22q12.1 regulates pancreatic beta-cell function with effects on systemic glucose control<sup><xref rid="R51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref></sup> and modulates acinar cell homeostasis<sup><xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup>. In gene set enrichment analysis<sup><xref rid="R52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref></sup> of genes within 100 kb of the 10 index SNPs identified in PanScan, the only statistically significant pathway was maturity onset diabetes of the young (<italic>P</italic>=3.3×10<sup>−4</sup>). Understanding the functional consequences of pancreatic cancer susceptibility variants will require further laboratory investigation.</p><p id="P19">In a linear-mixed model analysis<sup><xref rid="R53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref></sup> (Online Methods), we estimated that the heritability for pancreatic cancer due to common SNPs present on GWAS arrays was 13% (95% CI, 4–22%). Furthermore, we estimated that the nine loci identified in individuals of European ancestry account for approximately 9% of total heritability tagged by common SNPs. We also evaluated the cumulative association with pancreatic cancer of risk alleles at susceptibility loci identified in individuals of European descent. Compared to individuals with the most prevalent number of risk alleles in controls (n=10), those with ≤6 risk alleles had an OR of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.44–0.68) and those with ≥14 risk alleles had an OR of 2.24 (95% CI, 1.80–2.80) for pancreatic cancer (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 2</xref>).</p><p id="P20">In conclusion, our multistage GWAS revealed new loci associated with pancreatic cancer risk, as well as promising loci that merit follow-up. Several of the new loci harbor plausible candidate genes implicated in pancreas development, pancreatic beta-cell function, and predisposition to diabetes. Further investigation is warranted to understand the biological underpinnings of these common pancreatic cancer susceptibility alleles.</p><sec sec-type="methods" id="S1"><title>ONLINE METHODS</title><sec id="S2"><title>Stage 1: GWAS for PanScan III</title><p id="P21">We conducted a GWAS of pancreatic cancer using case and control subjects from 17 studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). Pancreatic cancer cases included individuals newly identified from nine cohort studies that participated in PanScan I<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>, as well as those from five new cohort studies, two new case series, and one new case-control study. The new cohort studies included the Agricultural Health Study (AHS)<sup><xref rid="R54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref></sup>, Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS)<sup><xref rid="R55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref></sup>, Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC)<sup><xref rid="R56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref></sup>, Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)<sup><xref rid="R57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref></sup>, and Vitamins and Lifestyle Study (VITAL)<sup><xref rid="R58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref></sup>. The new case-based studies were the Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinic of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI-GCC), Spanish Pancreatic Cancer Study PANKRAS-II<sup><xref rid="R59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref></sup>, and PANDoRA-Heidelberg pancreatic cancer case-control study<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup>. Cases were defined as those individuals having primary adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas (ICD-O-3 code C250–C259). Those with non-exocrine pancreatic tumors (histology types 8150, 8151, 8153, 8155 and 8240) were excluded. Each participating study obtained informed consent from study participants, approval from its institutional review board (IRB) for this study, and IRB certification permitting data sharing in accordance with the NIH Policy for Sharing of Data Obtained in NIH-Supported or NIH-Conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies.</p><p id="P22">All samples from pancreatic cancer cases with sufficient DNA (n=1,894) were genotyped on the Illumina OmniExpress chip at the NCI Cancer Genomic Research Laboratory (CGR) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). Genotypes were called using the Illumina GenomeStudio software. Genotype clusters for new cases were estimated using samples with a completion rate of 98% to optimize accuracy. Genotypes for all samples, including those initially excluded, were subsequently called based on the optimized cluster file. Extensive quality-control metrics were applied to the data: SNPs with a call rate <94% or Hardy-Weinberg Proportion <italic>p</italic> value <1×10<sup>−7</sup> were excluded (n=18,765); samples with a call rate <94% (n=78), mean heterozygosity <26% or >33% (n=2) based on autosomal SNPs or gender discordance (>5% heterozygosity based on the X chromosome SNPs for males or <20% heterozygosity based on the X chromosome SNPs for females, n=5) were excluded. Unexpected duplicates (>99.9% concordance, n=3) and first-degree relatives (n=2, on the basis of identity-by-descent sharing with Pi-hat >0.40) were removed. Quality-control duplicate samples in PanScan III (n=38 pairs) showed >99.9% genotype concordance. Duplicates with PanScan I or II were removed (>99.9% concordance, n=21). Ancestry was assessed using the Genotyping Library and Utilities (GLU) <italic>struct.admix</italic> module. Participants with <80% European ancestry (n=199) were excluded for the primary analysis of individuals of European ancestry (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 3</xref>). After exclusions, 1,582 cases of European ancestry were available for analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3</xref>).</p><p id="P23">Controls of ≥80% European ancestry were drawn from ten of the studies included in PanScan III (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II Cohort (CPS-II), European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), Spanish Pancreatic Cancer Study (SPCS, PANKRAS-II and Spanish Bladder Cancer SBC/EPICURO studies)<sup><xref rid="R60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref></sup> and Women's Health Initiative (WHI)). These controls had no history of cancer, were not included in PanScan I or PanScan II, and had been previously genotyped at CGR on the Illumina OmniExpress, Omni1M or Omni2.5M arrays, with extensive quality-control as previously described<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="R61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>–<xref rid="R64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref></sup>. In total, 5,203 controls were included in the analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3</xref>). A total of 608,202 SNPs with overall completion rate >80% in both cases and controls were advanced to the association analysis. To evaluate population substructure, a principal components analysis was performed using the <italic>struct.pca</italic> module of GLU, version 1.0, which is similar to EIGENSTRAT<sup><xref rid="R65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref></sup>. Plots of the first six principal components are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 4</xref>. The estimated inflation of the test statistic, λ, was 1.02<sup><xref rid="R66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref></sup>; a Quantile-quantile (QQ) plot is shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 5</xref>.</p><p id="P24">Association analysis was performed assuming a log-additive genetic model and adjusting for age, sex, geographic region and 6 significant eigenvectors (i.e. EVs that were nominally significant in a baseline risk model adjusting for age, sex, and geographic region). Geographic region was defined as REGION_US (United States): AgHealth, CPS-II, DFCI, HPFS, MEC, NHS, NYU-WHS, PHS, PLCO, SELECT, VITAL, WHI; REGION_CNE (Central and Northern Europe): ATBC, EPIC, PANDoRA-Heidelberg, MCCS (Melbourne); and REGION_SE (Southern Europe): SBCS (Spain controls), PANKRAS-II (cases). All data analyses and management were conducted using GLU.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Stage 2: PanScan I and II data</title><p id="P25">The second stage involved the primary whole genome scan data from the previously reported PanScan I<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> and PanScan II<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> studies. PanScan I and PanScan II were genotyped on the Illumina HumanHap550 Infinium II and the Human 610-Quad chips, respectively, whereas PanScan III was genotyped on the OmniExpress chip. As the number of overlapping SNPs between the three chips is moderate (~300K), imputation of missing genotypes was performed using phased haplotypes from the DCEG Reference Set and IMPUTE2<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="R67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref></sup>. The DCEG reference set is well-designed for “filling in” missing genotypes across chip designs in PanScan since it is based on several of the same studies included in PanScan and the imputation accuracy is improved over 1,000 Genomes and HapMap data<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>. Imputed SNPs with low minor allele frequencies (MAF <0.01) or low-quality scores (IMPUTE2 information score <0.3) were removed prior to association analysis. The same quality thresholds as described above for stage 1 were applied for stage 2. Final numbers of cases and controls included in stage 2 were 1,757 cases and 1,801 controls from PanScan I and 1,768 cases and 1,841 controls from PanScan II.</p><p id="P26">To combine data from PanScan I, II, and III, meta-analyses were performed using the fixed-effects inverse-variance method based on the β estimates and standard errors. No heterogeneity was observed across stages 1 and 2 for the SNPs identified as GWAS significant or suggestive in the full study (<italic>P</italic> heterogeneity ≥0.11; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). Manhattan plot for the results of the meta-analysis of stage 1 and stage 2 is shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 6</xref>.</p><p id="P27">Association analysis was also performed in 173 cases and 430 controls of Asian ancestry from the Shanghai Men’s and Women’s Health Study (SMWHS) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 10</xref>). This analysis included case and control subjects from stages 1 and 2 of PanScan III and previously genotyped control subjects from SMWHS<sup><xref rid="R68" ref-type="bibr">68</xref></sup>. Quality control and association analysis were performed as described above for European ancestry subjects.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Stage 3: Replication studies</title><p id="P28">Thirteen SNPs (<italic>P</italic>-value threshold of <5×10<sup>−5</sup>) were taken forward for <italic>de novo</italic> replication in an additional 2,576 cases and 5,552 controls. The replication samples were analyzed individually as three groups: (A) CGR: pancreatic cancer case and control subjects from CARET<sup><xref rid="R69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref></sup> plus samples from cases that did not have sufficient DNA for full GWAS and control subjects previously genotyped at CGR; (B) PANDoRA: case and control subjects from the PANDoRA pancreatic cancer case-control consortium<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> (no overlap with the PANDoRA-Heidelberg cases genotyped in stage 1); and (C) CALBG/Alliance 80303: cases from a randomized clinical trial of gemcitabine plus placebo versus gemcitabine plus bevacizumab<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup>, and control subjects previously genotyped at CGR (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>).</p><p id="P29">Genotyping for cases in group A was performed using custom TaqMan genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) at CGR. Genotyping for cases and controls from PANDoRA (group B) was performed in the same manner but at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, Germany. Quality-control duplicate samples in the replication (CGR, n=20 pairs; PANDoRA, n=512 pairs) showed >99.9% genotype concordance. Patients enrolled on CALGB/Alliance 80303 (group C) were previously genotyped using the Illumina HumanHap550v3 Genotyping BeadChip array<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup>. Control subjects from PLCO previously genotyped at CGR using the Illumina HumanHap550v3 Genotyping BeadChip array<sup><xref rid="R70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref></sup> were used for groups (A) and (C) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>), and did not overlap with control subjects included in PanScan I, II or III. CALBG/Alliance 80303 and control genotypes were imputed to OmniExpress SNP content in the same manner as described above for stage 1. Quality control thresholds and exclusions for sample and loci in the replication are listed in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5B</xref>. Association results for the replication studies were adjusted for age, sex and study, and a meta-analysis of the three replication groups was performed using the fixed-effects inverse-variance method based on the β estimates and standard errors (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 6</xref>). This was followed by a meta-analysis of stages 1, 2 and replication for the 13 SNPs using the same fixed-effects inverse-variance method.</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>Technical validation</title><p id="P30">A comparison of the genotyping calls from the imputation of PanScan I and II into OmniExpress array contents and confirmatory TaqMan assays (n= 511 samples from PanScan I and II) yielded an r<sup>2</sup> of 0.74, 0.96, 0.56, 0.99, 0.98 and 1.00 for rs2736098, rs6971499, rs7190458, rs9581943, rs16986825 and rs1561927, respectively.</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Estimate of recombination hotspots</title><p id="P31">To identify recombination hotspots, we used SequenceLDhot<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></sup>, a program that uses the approximate marginal likelihood method<sup><xref rid="R71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref></sup> and calculates likelihood-ratio statistics at a set of possible hotspots. We tested five unique sets of 100 control samples. The PHASE v2.1 program was used to calculate background recombination rates<sup><xref rid="R72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>,<xref rid="R73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref></sup>, and LD heat maps were visualized using the snp.plotter program<sup><xref rid="R74" ref-type="bibr">74</xref></sup>. For estimation of recombination hotspots between loci in <italic>TERT</italic> and <italic>CLPTM1L</italic> on chr5p15.33, we used the 1000G (version 3) CEU data.</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Heritability analysis</title><p id="P32">To estimate heritability explained by common SNPs present on GWAS arrays on the liability scale (lifetime disease risk of 0.015), we used GCTA<sup><xref rid="R53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>,<xref rid="R75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref></sup> on a set of LD-pruned SNPs (r<sup>2</sup><0.5) that passed the following stringent quality control thresholds: MAF>1%, SNP missing rates <5%, subject missing rate <1%, and HWE <italic>P</italic>-values >10<sup>−4</sup>. Non-autosomal SNPs and pairs of subjects with genetic relatedness >5% were removed. These analyses were run separately in PanScan I, II and III, adjusting for age, sex, study (or geographic region in PanScan III) and the significant principal components in each study. PanScan III analyses were restricted to participating studies that contributed both cases and controls. PanScan I, II, and III results were combined via meta-analysis. We repeated the analyses restricted to the genome-wide significant SNPs in individuals of European ancestry to estimate the proportion of heritability tagged by these nine SNPs.</p></sec><sec id="S8"><title>Further follow-up analyses</title><p id="P33">We constructed a genetic risk score for pancreatic cancer, incorporating the susceptibility loci identified in PanScan I, II, and III. For this analysis, subjects could possess zero to 20 risk alleles, based on their genotypes at the 10 identified loci. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariable-adjusted unconditional logistic regression with meta-analysis to combine data from stages 1 and 2, as done in the analyses of individual SNPs. Replication samples were not genotyped for the four susceptibility loci identified in PanScan I and II, and therefore, these subjects could not be included in the risk score analysis. Subjects with missing genotypes for one or more of the 10 SNPs (n=898) were assigned the most common genotype at that SNP among cases or controls. In sensitivity analyses, results were unchanged if these subjects were excluded. Using 1000 Genomes CEU data, we identified SNPs with r<sup>2</sup> >0.7 with our lead SNP. We used HaploReg v2<sup><xref rid="R47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref></sup>, a tool for exploring noncoding functional annotation using ENCODE data, to evaluate the genome surrounding our SNPs (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). In addition, we evaluated cis associations between all new and promising SNPs discovered in this study and the expression of nearby genes in skin biopsies, adipose biopsies and non-transformed peripheral blood samples from subjects of European descent from publically available data sets<sup><xref rid="R48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>,<xref rid="R50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). Gene set enrichment analysis was also performed for genes in pancreatic cancer risk loci identified in subjects of European descent (in a window of 100 kb centered on the most significant SNP in each locus) based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotations using GeneCodis3 with reporting of the corrected hypergeometric <italic>P</italic>-value<sup><xref rid="R52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref></sup>.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS612903-supplement-1.pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e2617" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>2</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS612903-supplement-2.doc" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e2621" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack id="S9"><title>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</title><p id="P34">This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Major support for PanScan III sample identification and processing was provided by the Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Additional support from NIH/NCI K07 CA140790, American Society of Clinical Oncology Conquer Cancer Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lustgarten Foundation, Robert T. and Judith B. Hale Fund for Pancreatic Cancer Research, and Promises for Purple to Dr. Brian Wolpin. A full list of acknowledgments for each participating study is provided in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>.</p></ack><fn-group><fn id="FN3" fn-type="con"><p id="P35"><bold>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</bold></p><p id="P36">B.M.W., C.R., P.K., C.K., G.M.P, P.H., C.F., S.J.C., R.S.S., and L.T.A. organized and designed the study. B.M.W., C.R., F.C., L.B., R.S.S., and L.T.A conducted and supervised the genotyping of samples. B.M.W., C.R., P.K., C.K., Z.W., R.B., R.S.S., and L.T.A. contributed to the design and execution of statistical analyses. B.M.W., R.S.S., and L.T.A. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. B.M.W., C.R., P.K., C.K., G.M.P., A.A.A., L.B.F., P.M.B., J.B., F.C., E.J.D., S.G., G.G.G., G.E.G., P.J.G., E.J.J., A.K., A.P.K., L.N.K., M.H.K., D.L., N.M., S.H.O., H.A R., H.D.S., K.V., E.W., W.Z., C.C.A., D.A., G.A., M.A.A., D.B., S.I.B., MC.BR., M.B., M.W.B., H.B.B., P.B., D.C., N.E.C., G.C., M.C., E.C., J.E., N.F., J.M.G., N.A.G., E.L.G., M.G., M.J.G., M.G., C.A.H., M.H., K.J.H., B.E.H., E.A.H., N.H., D.J.H., F.I., M.J., R.K., T.J.K., KT.K., E.A.K., M.K., V.K., J.K., R.C.K., A.L., M.T.L., S.L., L.L.M., A.M., S.M., R.L.M., Y.N., A.L.O., K.O., A.V.P., P.H.M.P., U.P., R.P., A.P., M.P., F.X.R., E.R., N.R., A.S., XO.S., D.T.S., P.S., M.S., R.TW., P.R.T., G.E.T., M.T., A.T., G.S.T., D.T., P.V., J.WW., N.W., C.W., H.Y., K.Y., A.ZJ., R.H., P.H., C.F., S.J.C., R.SS., and L.T.A conducted the epidemiological studies and contributed samples to the GWAS and/or follow-up genotyping. 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Genet</source><year>2011</year><volume>88</volume><fpage>294</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21376301</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Association results, recombination hotspots and LD plots for new pancreatic cancer susceptibility regions (a–e) and one suggestive region (f)</title><p id="P37">Top, association results of GWAS data from the stage 1 (gray diamonds), stage 2 (purple diamonds), replication (blue diamonds) and the combined data from stages 1–3 (red diamonds) plotted against −log<sub>10</sub><italic>P</italic> values (left y axis). Overlaid are likelihood ratio statistics (right y axis) estimating putative recombination hotspots across the region on the basis of five unique sets of 100 randomly selected control samples. Bottom, LD heat map based on r<sup>2</sup> values from the total control populations for all SNPs included in the GWAS. The data are based on a total number of 7,683 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls of European descent. Shown are results for 5p15.33 (a), 7q32.3 (b), 16q23.1 (c), 13q12.2 (d), 22q12.1 (e), and 8q24.1 (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1a"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1b"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1c"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1d"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1e"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms612903f1f"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="portrait"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p id="P38">Subject numbers and characteristics of pancreatic cancer cases and controls</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cases<break></break>No. (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Controls<break></break>No. (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>No. of subjects</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,582</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,203</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,525</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,642</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Replication</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,576</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,552</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Full study population</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,683</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14,397</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Geographic region</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> United States</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,387 (57.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,962 (55.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Central/Northern Europe</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,264 (29.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,853 (26.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Southern Europe</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,032 (13.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,582 (17.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Sex</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,107 (53.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8,841 (61.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,576 (46.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,556 (38.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Age, years</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ≤ 60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,972 (25.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,577 (31.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 61 – 70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,688 (35.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,906 (41.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> > 70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,023 (39.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,914 (27.2)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Smoking status</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Current / past</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,634 (51.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,541 (51.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Never</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,642 (32.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,186 (36.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unknown</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">831 (16.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,118 (12.6)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><label>*</label><p id="P39">Smoking status was available for subjects in Stages 1 and 2.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p id="P40">Association results for five new pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci and one suggestive locus</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="left" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Nearest gene(s)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">a</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Position<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">b</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Minor<break></break>allele<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">c</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Major<break></break>allele<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">c</xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Stage</th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1">Allelic OR<break></break>(95% CI)</th><th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Minor allele<break></break>frequency</th><th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">f</xref></th></tr><tr><th align="center" colspan="2" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Controls</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cases</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5p15.33</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TERT, MIR4457, CLPTM1L</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2736098</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,294,086</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76 (0.68–0.86)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.268</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.216</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.22 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82 (0.74–0.90)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.284</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.259</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.63 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81 (0.74–0.89)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.36 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.80 (0.76–0.85)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>9.78 × 10<sup>−14</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7q32.3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LINC-PINT</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6971499</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130,680,521</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79 (0.68–0.90)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.155</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.127</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.58 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81 (0.74–0.90)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.147</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.124</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.69 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77 (0.69–0.86)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.37 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.79 (0.74–0.84)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.98 × 10<sup>−12</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16q23.1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BCAR1, CTRB1, CTRB2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7190458</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75,263,661</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.61 (1.32–1.96)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.042</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.065</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.14 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47 (1.20–1.82)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.039</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.049</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.17 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33 (1.10–1.61)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.14 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.46 (1.30–1.65)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.13 × 10<sup>−10</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q12.2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PDX1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9581943</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28,493,997</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23 (1.12–1.35)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.397</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.441</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12 (1.05–1.20)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.406</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.434</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.51 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 (1.03–1.20)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.80 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.15 (1.10–1.20)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.35 × 10<sup>−9</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22q12.1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ZNRF3</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs16986825</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29,300,306</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25 (1.10–1.42)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.150</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.184</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.96 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15 (1.05–1.26)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.149</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.168</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.11 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18 (1.08–1.30)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.13 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.18 (1.12–1.25)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.18 × 10<sup>−8</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8q24.21</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MIR1208, PVT1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1561927</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129,568,078</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88 (0.78–0.97)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.269</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.251</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.59 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86 (0.80–0.93)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.279</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.250</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replication<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">d</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89 (0.82–0.97)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.44 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Combined</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">e</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.87 (0.83–0.92)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.30 × 10<sup>−7</sup></bold></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN2"><p id="P41">Results from unconditional logistic regression of the genotypes generated in Stage 1, Stage 2, and replication (total of 7,683 individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls).</p></fn><fn id="TFN3"><label>a</label><p id="P42">Closest RefSeq gene(s). Genes located within 25 kb of SNP are listed in black in order of closest gene to those further away; closest genes outside this 50 kb window are listed in grey.</p></fn><fn id="TFN4"><label>b</label><p id="P43">Position of SNP in NCBI genome build 37 (Hg19).</p></fn><fn id="TFN5"><label>c</label><p id="P44">Minor and major alleles.</p></fn><fn id="TFN6"><label>d</label><p id="P45">The replication is a meta-analysis of three groups and thus, minor allele frequency (MAF) is not listed.</p></fn><fn id="TFN7"><label>e</label><p id="P46">Number of case and control subjects in joint analysis of Stage 1, Stage 2 and replication: rs2736098 (7,199/13,121), rs6971499 (7,435/13,289), rs7190458 (7,412/13,291), rs9581943 (7,415/13,286), rs16986825 (7,413/13,196), rs1561927 (7,486/13,274).</p></fn><fn id="TFN8"><label>f</label><p id="P47">1 d.f. score test;</p></fn><fn id="TFN9"><p id="P48">Chr: chromosome and band; OR, per-allele OR for the minor allele adjusted for age, sex, geographic region and significant principal components for Stage 1; per-allele OR adjusted for age, sex, study, arm and significant principal components for Stage 2; per-allele OR adjusted for age, sex and study for Replication. Text in bold indicates the combined meta-analysis results.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p id="P49">Conditional analyses of SNPs at chromosomes 5p15.33 and 9q34.2</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New SNP</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Position<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">a</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gene</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">b</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">b</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conditional OR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">c</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conditional <italic>P</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">c</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Established SNP</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">r<sup>2</sup>,<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">d</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">e</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">e</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conditonal OR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">f</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conditional <italic>P</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">f</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2736098</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5p15.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,294,086</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TERT, CLPTM1L</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80 (0.74–0.86)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.42 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88 (0.80–0.95)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.44 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs401681 / rs31490</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83 (0.79–0.88)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.97 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86 (0.81–0.92)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.55 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4962153</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9q34.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136,323,754</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADAMTS13, ABO</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20 (1.10–1.30)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.97 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05 (0.96–1.16)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs505902 / rs687289</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27 (1.20–1.35)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64 × 10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25 (1.18–1.33)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.28 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN10"><label>a</label><p id="P50">Position of SNP in NCBI genome build 37 (Hg19).</p></fn><fn id="TFN11"><label>b</label><p id="P51">Per-allele ORs for the minor allele and <italic>P</italic> values for the new SNP from the unconditional meta-analysis of Stage 1 and Stage 2.</p></fn><fn id="TFN12"><label>c</label><p id="P52">Per-allele ORs for the minor allele and <italic>P</italic> values for the new SNP from the conditional meta-analysis.</p></fn><fn id="TFN13"><label>d</label><p id="P53">r<sup>2</sup> LD values between the new SNP and the established SNP at the locus based on 1000 Genomes Project CEU data.</p></fn><fn id="TFN14"><label>e</label><p id="P54">Per-allele ORs for the minor allele and <italic>P</italic> values for the established SNP from the unconditional meta-analysis of Stage 1 and Stage 2.</p></fn><fn id="TFN15"><label>f</label><p id="P55">Per-allele ORs for the minor allele and <italic>P</italic> values for the established SNP from the conditional meta-analysis.</p></fn><fn id="TFN16"><p id="P56">Chr: chromosome.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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