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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Discovery and Refinement of Loci Associated with Lipid Levels</title><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J." last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ellen M" sort="Schmidt, Ellen M" uniqKey="Schmidt E" first="Ellen M." last="Schmidt">Ellen M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sebanti" sort="Sengupta, Sebanti" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sebanti" last="Sengupta">Sebanti Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peloso, Gina M" sort="Peloso, Gina M" uniqKey="Peloso G" first="Gina M." last="Peloso">Gina M. Peloso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganna, Andrea" sort="Ganna, Andrea" uniqKey="Ganna A" first="Andrea" last="Ganna">Andrea Ganna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jin" sort="Chen, Jin" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jin" last="Chen">Jin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L." last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mora, Samia" sort="Mora, Samia" uniqKey="Mora S" first="Samia" last="Mora">Samia Mora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Hsing Yi" sort="Chang, Hsing Yi" uniqKey="Chang H" first="Hsing-Yi" last="Chang">Hsing-Yi Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ay E" sort="Demirkan, Ay E" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ay E" last="Demirkan">Ay E Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Hertog, Heleen M" sort="Den Hertog, Heleen M" uniqKey="Den Hertog H" first="Heleen M." last="Den Hertog">Heleen M. Den Hertog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do, Ron" sort="Do, Ron" uniqKey="Do R" first="Ron" last="Do">Ron Do</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Louise A" sort="Donnelly, Louise A" uniqKey="Donnelly L" first="Louise A." last="Donnelly">Louise A. Donnelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B." last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontanillas, Pierre" sort="Fontanillas, Pierre" uniqKey="Fontanillas P" first="Pierre" last="Fontanillas">Pierre Fontanillas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M." last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freitag, Daniel F" sort="Freitag, Daniel F" uniqKey="Freitag D" first="Daniel F." last="Freitag">Daniel F. Freitag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurdasani, Deepti" sort="Gurdasani, Deepti" uniqKey="Gurdasani D" first="Deepti" last="Gurdasani">Deepti Gurdasani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heikkil, Kauko" sort="Heikkil, Kauko" uniqKey="Heikkil K" first="Kauko" last="Heikkil">Kauko Heikkil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kettunen, Johannes" sort="Kettunen, Johannes" uniqKey="Kettunen J" first="Johannes" last="Kettunen">Johannes Kettunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xiaohui" sort="Li, Xiaohui" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaohui" last="Li">Xiaohui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K. E." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E." last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D." last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Ann Kristin" sort="Petersen, Ann Kristin" uniqKey="Petersen A" first="Ann-Kristin" last="Petersen">Ann-Kristin Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Richa" sort="Saxena, Richa" uniqKey="Saxena R" first="Richa" last="Saxena">Richa Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Massachusetts General Hospital/Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Service, Susan K" sort="Service, Susan K" uniqKey="Service S" first="Susan K." last="Service">Susan K. Service</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidore, Carlo" sort="Sidore, Carlo" uniqKey="Sidore C" first="Carlo" last="Sidore">Carlo Sidore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, 07100 SS, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Ci" sort="Song, Ci" uniqKey="Song C" first="Ci" last="Song">Ci Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J." last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Surakka, Ida" sort="Surakka, Ida" uniqKey="Surakka I" first="Ida" last="Surakka">Ida Surakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M." last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Herik, Evita G" sort="Van Den Herik, Evita G" uniqKey="Van Den Herik E" first="Evita G." last="Van Den Herik">Evita G. Van Den Herik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F." last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volcik, Kelly A" sort="Volcik, Kelly A" uniqKey="Volcik K" first="Kelly A." last="Volcik">Kelly A. Volcik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L." last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asiki, Gershim" sort="Asiki, Gershim" uniqKey="Asiki G" first="Gershim" last="Asiki">Gershim Asiki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Been, Latonya F" sort="Been, Latonya F" uniqKey="Been L" first="Latonya F." last="Been">Latonya F. Been</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burnett, Mary S" sort="Burnett, Mary S" uniqKey="Burnett M" first="Mary S." last="Burnett">Mary S. Burnett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cesana, Giancarlo" sort="Cesana, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Cesana G" first="Giancarlo" last="Cesana">Giancarlo Cesana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex S F" sort="Doney, Alex S F" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex S. F." last="Doney">Alex S. F. Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epstein, Stephen E" sort="Epstein, Stephen E" uniqKey="Epstein S" first="Stephen E." last="Epstein">Stephen E. Epstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingi Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur" sort="Ingi Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur" uniqKey="Ingi Eyjolfsson G" first="Gudmundur" last="Ingi Eyjolfsson">Gudmundur Ingi Eyjolfsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">The Laboratory in Mjodd, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodarzi, Mark O" sort="Goodarzi, Mark O" uniqKey="Goodarzi M" first="Mark O." last="Goodarzi">Mark O. Goodarzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gravito, Martha L" sort="Gravito, Martha L" uniqKey="Gravito M" first="Martha L." last="Gravito">Martha L. Gravito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J." last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A." last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Hilma" sort="Holm, Hilma" uniqKey="Holm H" first="Hilma" last="Holm">Hilma Holm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Yi Jen" sort="Hung, Yi Jen" uniqKey="Hung Y" first="Yi-Jen" last="Hung">Yi-Jen Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Michelle R" sort="Jones, Michelle R" uniqKey="Jones M" first="Michelle R." last="Jones">Michelle R. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaleebu, Pontiano" sort="Kaleebu, Pontiano" uniqKey="Kaleebu P" first="Pontiano" last="Kaleebu">Pontiano Kaleebu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kastelein, John J P" sort="Kastelein, John J P" uniqKey="Kastelein J" first="John J. P." last="Kastelein">John J. P. Kastelein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Eric" sort="Kim, Eric" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eric" last="Kim">Eric Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klopp, Norman" sort="Klopp, Norman" uniqKey="Klopp N" first="Norman" last="Klopp">Norman Klopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komulainen, Pirjo" sort="Komulainen, Pirjo" uniqKey="Komulainen P" first="Pirjo" last="Komulainen">Pirjo Komulainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Shih Yi" sort="Lin, Shih Yi" uniqKey="Lin S" first="Shih-Yi" last="Lin">Shih-Yi Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at ount Sinai, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mach, Francois" sort="Mach, Francois" uniqKey="Mach F" first="François" last="Mach">François Mach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meisinger, Christa" sort="Meisinger, Christa" uniqKey="Meisinger C" first="Christa" last="Meisinger">Christa Meisinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D." last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabrielle" sort="Muller, Gabrielle" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabrielle" last="Müller">Gabrielle Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" sort="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" uniqKey="Nagaraja R" first="Ramaiah" last="Nagaraja">Ramaiah Nagaraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD21224, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieminen, Tuomo V M" sort="Nieminen, Tuomo V M" uniqKey="Nieminen T" first="Tuomo V. M." last="Nieminen">Tuomo V. M. Nieminen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tamperew 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nsubuga, Rebecca N" sort="Nsubuga, Rebecca N" uniqKey="Nsubuga R" first="Rebecca N." last="Nsubuga">Rebecca N. Nsubuga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olafsson, Isleifur" sort="Olafsson, Isleifur" uniqKey="Olafsson I" first="Isleifur" last="Olafsson">Isleifur Olafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United ingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papamarkou, Theodore" sort="Papamarkou, Theodore" uniqKey="Papamarkou T" first="Theodore" last="Papamarkou">Theodore Papamarkou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Statistical Sciences, University College of London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomilla, Cristina" sort="Pomilla, Cristina" uniqKey="Pomilla C" first="Cristina" last="Pomilla">Cristina Pomilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rader, Daniel J" sort="Rader, Daniel J" uniqKey="Rader D" first="Daniel J." last="Rader">Daniel J. Rader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilly, Muredach P" sort="Reilly, Muredach P" uniqKey="Reilly M" first="Muredach P." last="Reilly">Muredach P. Reilly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokonen, Aimo" sort="Ruokonen, Aimo" uniqKey="Ruokonen A" first="Aimo" last="Ruokonen">Aimo Ruokonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh" sort="Samani, Nilesh" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh" last="Samani">Nilesh Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seeley, Janet" sort="Seeley, Janet" uniqKey="Seeley J" first="Janet" last="Seeley">Janet Seeley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silander, Kaisa" sort="Silander, Kaisa" uniqKey="Silander K" first="Kaisa" last="Silander">Kaisa Silander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiret, Laurence" sort="Tiret, Laurence" uniqKey="Tiret L" first="Laurence" last="Tiret">Laurence Tiret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G." last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Pelt, L Joost" sort="Van Pelt, L Joost" uniqKey="Van Pelt L" first="L. Joost" last="Van Pelt">L. Joost Van Pelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vedantam, Sailaja" sort="Vedantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vedantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vedantam">Sailaja Vedantam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Nicholas" sort="Wainwright, Nicholas" uniqKey="Wainwright N" first="Nicholas" last="Wainwright">Nicholas Wainwright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijmenga, Cisca" sort="Wijmenga, Cisca" uniqKey="Wijmenga C" first="Cisca" last="Wijmenga">Cisca Wijmenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H." last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Elizabeth H" sort="Young, Elizabeth H" uniqKey="Young E" first="Elizabeth H." last="Young">Elizabeth H. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S." last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L." last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Franklyn" sort="Bennett, Franklyn" uniqKey="Bennett F" first="Franklyn" last="Bennett">Franklyn Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O." last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R." last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bovet, Pascal" sort="Bovet, Pascal" uniqKey="Bovet P" first="Pascal" last="Bovet">Pascal Bovet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burnier, Michel" sort="Burnier, Michel" uniqKey="Burnier M" first="Michel" last="Burnier">Michel Burnier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S." last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, John" sort="Danesh, John" uniqKey="Danesh J" first="John" last="Danesh">John Danesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feranil, Alan B" sort="Feranil, Alan B" uniqKey="Feranil A" first="Alan B." last="Feranil">Alan B. Feranil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freimer, Nelson B" sort="Freimer, Nelson B" uniqKey="Freimer N" first="Nelson B." last="Freimer">Nelson B. Freimer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C." last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G. Kees" last="Hovingh">G. Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiung, Chao Agnes" sort="Hsiung, Chao Agnes" uniqKey="Hsiung C" first="Chao Agnes" last="Hsiung">Chao Agnes Hsiung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E." last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Steven C" sort="Hunt, Steven C" uniqKey="Hunt S" first="Steven C." last="Hunt">Steven C. Hunt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iribarren, Carlos" sort="Iribarren, Carlos" uniqKey="Iribarren C" first="Carlos" last="Iribarren">Carlos Iribarren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kes Niemi, Antero" sort="Kes Niemi, Antero" uniqKey="Kes Niemi A" first="Antero" last="Kes Niemi">Antero Kes Niemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koudstaal, Peter J" sort="Koudstaal, Peter J" uniqKey="Koudstaal P" first="Peter J." last="Koudstaal">Peter J. Koudstaal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krauss, Ronald M" sort="Krauss, Ronald M" uniqKey="Krauss R" first="Ronald M." last="Krauss">Ronald M. Krauss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten O" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten O" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten O." last="Kyvik">Kirsten O. Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH,Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A." last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moilanen, Leena" sort="Moilanen, Leena" uniqKey="Moilanen L" first="Leena" last="Moilanen">Leena Moilanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D." last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B." last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P." last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F." last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A179">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A180">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saleheen, Danish" sort="Saleheen, Danish" uniqKey="Saleheen D" first="Danish" last="Saleheen">Danish Saleheen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanghera, Dharambir K" sort="Sanghera, Dharambir K" uniqKey="Sanghera D" first="Dharambir K." last="Sanghera">Dharambir K. Sanghera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saramies, Jouko" sort="Saramies, Jouko" uniqKey="Saramies J" first="Jouko" last="Saramies">Jouko Saramies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A185">South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E. H." last="Schwarz">Peter E. H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheu, Wayne H H" sort="Sheu, Wayne H H" uniqKey="Sheu W" first="Wayne H-H" last="Sheu">Wayne H-H Sheu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A188">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siegbahn, Agneta" sort="Siegbahn, Agneta" uniqKey="Siegbahn A" first="Agneta" last="Siegbahn">Agneta Siegbahn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A190">Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O." last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A193">King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A194">Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A196">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A197">Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallentin, Lars" sort="Wallentin, Lars" uniqKey="Wallentin L" first="Lars" last="Wallentin">Lars Wallentin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R" sort="Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R" uniqKey="Wolffenbuttel B" first="Bruce H. R." last="Wolffenbuttel">Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A198">Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordovas, Jose M" sort="Ordovas, Jose M" uniqKey="Ordovas J" first="Jose M." last="Ordovas">Jose M. Ordovas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for rdiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A200">IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A201">Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N. A." last="Palmer">Colin N. A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I." last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A202">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A203">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, Manjinder S" sort="Sandhu, Manjinder S" uniqKey="Sandhu M" first="Manjinder S." last="Sandhu">Manjinder S. Sandhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, Stephen S" sort="Rich, Stephen S" uniqKey="Rich S" first="Stephen S." last="Rich">Stephen S. Rich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A204">Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kathiresan, Sekar" sort="Kathiresan, Sekar" uniqKey="Kathiresan S" first="Sekar" last="Kathiresan">Sekar Kathiresan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A205">Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A206">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Gonçalo R." last="Abecasis">Gonçalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24097068</idno><idno type="pmc">3838666</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838666</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3838666</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.2797</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E32</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E32</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Discovery and Refinement of Loci Associated with Lipid Levels</title><author><name sortKey="Willer, Cristen J" sort="Willer, Cristen J" uniqKey="Willer C" first="Cristen J." last="Willer">Cristen J. Willer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ellen M" sort="Schmidt, Ellen M" uniqKey="Schmidt E" first="Ellen M." last="Schmidt">Ellen M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sebanti" sort="Sengupta, Sebanti" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sebanti" last="Sengupta">Sebanti Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peloso, Gina M" sort="Peloso, Gina M" uniqKey="Peloso G" first="Gina M." last="Peloso">Gina M. Peloso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganna, Andrea" sort="Ganna, Andrea" uniqKey="Ganna A" first="Andrea" last="Ganna">Andrea Ganna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jin" sort="Chen, Jin" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jin" last="Chen">Jin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchkovich, Martin L" sort="Buchkovich, Martin L" uniqKey="Buchkovich M" first="Martin L." last="Buchkovich">Martin L. Buchkovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mora, Samia" sort="Mora, Samia" uniqKey="Mora S" first="Samia" last="Mora">Samia Mora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Hsing Yi" sort="Chang, Hsing Yi" uniqKey="Chang H" first="Hsing-Yi" last="Chang">Hsing-Yi Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ay E" sort="Demirkan, Ay E" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ay E" last="Demirkan">Ay E Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Hertog, Heleen M" sort="Den Hertog, Heleen M" uniqKey="Den Hertog H" first="Heleen M." last="Den Hertog">Heleen M. Den Hertog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do, Ron" sort="Do, Ron" uniqKey="Do R" first="Ron" last="Do">Ron Do</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Louise A" sort="Donnelly, Louise A" uniqKey="Donnelly L" first="Louise A." last="Donnelly">Louise A. Donnelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B." last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Teresa" sort="Ferreira, Teresa" uniqKey="Ferreira T" first="Teresa" last="Ferreira">Teresa Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Krista" sort="Fischer, Krista" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Krista" last="Fischer">Krista Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontanillas, Pierre" sort="Fontanillas, Pierre" uniqKey="Fontanillas P" first="Pierre" last="Fontanillas">Pierre Fontanillas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M." last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freitag, Daniel F" sort="Freitag, Daniel F" uniqKey="Freitag D" first="Daniel F." last="Freitag">Daniel F. Freitag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurdasani, Deepti" sort="Gurdasani, Deepti" uniqKey="Gurdasani D" first="Deepti" last="Gurdasani">Deepti Gurdasani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heikkil, Kauko" sort="Heikkil, Kauko" uniqKey="Heikkil K" first="Kauko" last="Heikkil">Kauko Heikkil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hypponen, Elina" sort="Hypponen, Elina" uniqKey="Hypponen E" first="Elina" last="Hyppönen">Elina Hyppönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kettunen, Johannes" sort="Kettunen, Johannes" uniqKey="Kettunen J" first="Johannes" last="Kettunen">Johannes Kettunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xiaohui" sort="Li, Xiaohui" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaohui" last="Li">Xiaohui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K. E." last="Magnusson">Patrik K. E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E." last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Cameron D" sort="Palmer, Cameron D" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Cameron D." last="Palmer">Cameron D. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Ann Kristin" sort="Petersen, Ann Kristin" uniqKey="Petersen A" first="Ann-Kristin" last="Petersen">Ann-Kristin Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Richa" sort="Saxena, Richa" uniqKey="Saxena R" first="Richa" last="Saxena">Richa Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Massachusetts General Hospital/Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Service, Susan K" sort="Service, Susan K" uniqKey="Service S" first="Susan K." last="Service">Susan K. Service</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidore, Carlo" sort="Sidore, Carlo" uniqKey="Sidore C" first="Carlo" last="Sidore">Carlo Sidore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, 07100 SS, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Ci" sort="Song, Ci" uniqKey="Song C" first="Ci" last="Song">Ci Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J." last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Surakka, Ida" sort="Surakka, Ida" uniqKey="Surakka I" first="Ida" last="Surakka">Ida Surakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M." last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Herik, Evita G" sort="Van Den Herik, Evita G" uniqKey="Van Den Herik E" first="Evita G." last="Van Den Herik">Evita G. Van Den Herik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F." last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volcik, Kelly A" sort="Volcik, Kelly A" uniqKey="Volcik K" first="Kelly A." last="Volcik">Kelly A. Volcik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Lindsay L" sort="Waite, Lindsay L" uniqKey="Waite L" first="Lindsay L." last="Waite">Lindsay L. Waite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Absher, Devin" sort="Absher, Devin" uniqKey="Absher D" first="Devin" last="Absher">Devin Absher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asiki, Gershim" sort="Asiki, Gershim" uniqKey="Asiki G" first="Gershim" last="Asiki">Gershim Asiki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Been, Latonya F" sort="Been, Latonya F" uniqKey="Been L" first="Latonya F." last="Been">Latonya F. Been</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Paolo" sort="Brambilla, Paolo" uniqKey="Brambilla P" first="Paolo" last="Brambilla">Paolo Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burnett, Mary S" sort="Burnett, Mary S" uniqKey="Burnett M" first="Mary S." last="Burnett">Mary S. Burnett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cesana, Giancarlo" sort="Cesana, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Cesana G" first="Giancarlo" last="Cesana">Giancarlo Cesana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex S F" sort="Doney, Alex S F" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex S. F." last="Doney">Alex S. F. Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epstein, Stephen E" sort="Epstein, Stephen E" uniqKey="Epstein S" first="Stephen E." last="Epstein">Stephen E. Epstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingi Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur" sort="Ingi Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur" uniqKey="Ingi Eyjolfsson G" first="Gudmundur" last="Ingi Eyjolfsson">Gudmundur Ingi Eyjolfsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">The Laboratory in Mjodd, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodarzi, Mark O" sort="Goodarzi, Mark O" uniqKey="Goodarzi M" first="Mark O." last="Goodarzi">Mark O. Goodarzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gravito, Martha L" sort="Gravito, Martha L" uniqKey="Gravito M" first="Martha L." last="Gravito">Martha L. Gravito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J." last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A." last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Hilma" sort="Holm, Hilma" uniqKey="Holm H" first="Hilma" last="Holm">Hilma Holm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Yi Jen" sort="Hung, Yi Jen" uniqKey="Hung Y" first="Yi-Jen" last="Hung">Yi-Jen Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Michelle R" sort="Jones, Michelle R" uniqKey="Jones M" first="Michelle R." last="Jones">Michelle R. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaleebu, Pontiano" sort="Kaleebu, Pontiano" uniqKey="Kaleebu P" first="Pontiano" last="Kaleebu">Pontiano Kaleebu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kastelein, John J P" sort="Kastelein, John J P" uniqKey="Kastelein J" first="John J. P." last="Kastelein">John J. P. Kastelein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Eric" sort="Kim, Eric" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eric" last="Kim">Eric Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klopp, Norman" sort="Klopp, Norman" uniqKey="Klopp N" first="Norman" last="Klopp">Norman Klopp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komulainen, Pirjo" sort="Komulainen, Pirjo" uniqKey="Komulainen P" first="Pirjo" last="Komulainen">Pirjo Komulainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Shih Yi" sort="Lin, Shih Yi" uniqKey="Lin S" first="Shih-Yi" last="Lin">Shih-Yi Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at ount Sinai, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mach, Francois" sort="Mach, Francois" uniqKey="Mach F" first="François" last="Mach">François Mach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meisinger, Christa" sort="Meisinger, Christa" uniqKey="Meisinger C" first="Christa" last="Meisinger">Christa Meisinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D." last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Gabrielle" sort="Muller, Gabrielle" uniqKey="Muller G" first="Gabrielle" last="Müller">Gabrielle Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" sort="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" uniqKey="Nagaraja R" first="Ramaiah" last="Nagaraja">Ramaiah Nagaraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD21224, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieminen, Tuomo V M" sort="Nieminen, Tuomo V M" uniqKey="Nieminen T" first="Tuomo V. M." last="Nieminen">Tuomo V. M. Nieminen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tamperew 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nsubuga, Rebecca N" sort="Nsubuga, Rebecca N" uniqKey="Nsubuga R" first="Rebecca N." last="Nsubuga">Rebecca N. Nsubuga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olafsson, Isleifur" sort="Olafsson, Isleifur" uniqKey="Olafsson I" first="Isleifur" last="Olafsson">Isleifur Olafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palotie, Aarno" sort="Palotie, Aarno" uniqKey="Palotie A" first="Aarno" last="Palotie">Aarno Palotie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United ingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papamarkou, Theodore" sort="Papamarkou, Theodore" uniqKey="Papamarkou T" first="Theodore" last="Papamarkou">Theodore Papamarkou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Statistical Sciences, University College of London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomilla, Cristina" sort="Pomilla, Cristina" uniqKey="Pomilla C" first="Cristina" last="Pomilla">Cristina Pomilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rader, Daniel J" sort="Rader, Daniel J" uniqKey="Rader D" first="Daniel J." last="Rader">Daniel J. Rader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilly, Muredach P" sort="Reilly, Muredach P" uniqKey="Reilly M" first="Muredach P." last="Reilly">Muredach P. Reilly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokonen, Aimo" sort="Ruokonen, Aimo" uniqKey="Ruokonen A" first="Aimo" last="Ruokonen">Aimo Ruokonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh" sort="Samani, Nilesh" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh" last="Samani">Nilesh Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharnagl, Hubert" sort="Scharnagl, Hubert" uniqKey="Scharnagl H" first="Hubert" last="Scharnagl">Hubert Scharnagl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seeley, Janet" sort="Seeley, Janet" uniqKey="Seeley J" first="Janet" last="Seeley">Janet Seeley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silander, Kaisa" sort="Silander, Kaisa" uniqKey="Silander K" first="Kaisa" last="Silander">Kaisa Silander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiret, Laurence" sort="Tiret, Laurence" uniqKey="Tiret L" first="Laurence" last="Tiret">Laurence Tiret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G." last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Pelt, L Joost" sort="Van Pelt, L Joost" uniqKey="Van Pelt L" first="L. Joost" last="Van Pelt">L. Joost Van Pelt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vedantam, Sailaja" sort="Vedantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vedantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vedantam">Sailaja Vedantam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Nicholas" sort="Wainwright, Nicholas" uniqKey="Wainwright N" first="Nicholas" last="Wainwright">Nicholas Wainwright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijmenga, Cisca" sort="Wijmenga, Cisca" uniqKey="Wijmenga C" first="Cisca" last="Wijmenga">Cisca Wijmenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H." last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilsgaard, Tom" sort="Wilsgaard, Tom" uniqKey="Wilsgaard T" first="Tom" last="Wilsgaard">Tom Wilsgaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Elizabeth H" sort="Young, Elizabeth H" uniqKey="Young E" first="Elizabeth H." last="Young">Elizabeth H. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S." last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arveiler, Dominique" sort="Arveiler, Dominique" uniqKey="Arveiler D" first="Dominique" last="Arveiler">Dominique Arveiler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assimes, Themistocles L" sort="Assimes, Themistocles L" uniqKey="Assimes T" first="Themistocles L." last="Assimes">Themistocles L. Assimes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Franklyn" sort="Bennett, Franklyn" uniqKey="Bennett F" first="Franklyn" last="Bennett">Franklyn Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O." last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R." last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bovet, Pascal" sort="Bovet, Pascal" uniqKey="Bovet P" first="Pascal" last="Bovet">Pascal Bovet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burnier, Michel" sort="Burnier, Michel" uniqKey="Burnier M" first="Michel" last="Burnier">Michel Burnier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Richard S" sort="Cooper, Richard S" uniqKey="Cooper R" first="Richard S." last="Cooper">Richard S. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danesh, John" sort="Danesh, John" uniqKey="Danesh J" first="John" last="Danesh">John Danesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George" sort="Dedoussis, George" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George" last="Dedoussis">George Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feranil, Alan B" sort="Feranil, Alan B" uniqKey="Feranil A" first="Alan B." last="Feranil">Alan B. Feranil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrieres, Jean" sort="Ferrieres, Jean" uniqKey="Ferrieres J" first="Jean" last="Ferrières">Jean Ferrières</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freimer, Nelson B" sort="Freimer, Nelson B" uniqKey="Freimer N" first="Nelson B." last="Freimer">Nelson B. Freimer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif C" sort="Groop, Leif C" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif C." last="Groop">Leif C. Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G. Kees" last="Hovingh">G. Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiung, Chao Agnes" sort="Hsiung, Chao Agnes" uniqKey="Hsiung C" first="Chao Agnes" last="Hsiung">Chao Agnes Hsiung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E." last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Steven C" sort="Hunt, Steven C" uniqKey="Hunt S" first="Steven C." last="Hunt">Steven C. Hunt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iribarren, Carlos" sort="Iribarren, Carlos" uniqKey="Iribarren C" first="Carlos" last="Iribarren">Carlos Iribarren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kes Niemi, Antero" sort="Kes Niemi, Antero" uniqKey="Kes Niemi A" first="Antero" last="Kes Niemi">Antero Kes Niemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koudstaal, Peter J" sort="Koudstaal, Peter J" uniqKey="Koudstaal P" first="Peter J." last="Koudstaal">Peter J. Koudstaal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krauss, Ronald M" sort="Krauss, Ronald M" uniqKey="Krauss R" first="Ronald M." last="Krauss">Ronald M. Krauss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten O" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten O" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten O." last="Kyvik">Kirsten O. Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH,Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Colin A" sort="Mckenzie, Colin A" uniqKey="Mckenzie C" first="Colin A." last="Mckenzie">Colin A. Mckenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moilanen, Leena" sort="Moilanen, Leena" uniqKey="Moilanen L" first="Leena" last="Moilanen">Leena Moilanen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D." last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B." last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nj Lstad, Inger" sort="Nj Lstad, Inger" uniqKey="Nj Lstad I" first="Inger" last="Nj Lstad">Inger Nj Lstad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Power, Chris" sort="Power, Chris" uniqKey="Power C" first="Chris" last="Power">Chris Power</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P." last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F." last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M." last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A179">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A180">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quertermous, Thomas" sort="Quertermous, Thomas" uniqKey="Quertermous T" first="Thomas" last="Quertermous">Thomas Quertermous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A181">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saleheen, Danish" sort="Saleheen, Danish" uniqKey="Saleheen D" first="Danish" last="Saleheen">Danish Saleheen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A182">Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A183">Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A184">Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanghera, Dharambir K" sort="Sanghera, Dharambir K" uniqKey="Sanghera D" first="Dharambir K." last="Sanghera">Dharambir K. Sanghera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saramies, Jouko" sort="Saramies, Jouko" uniqKey="Saramies J" first="Jouko" last="Saramies">Jouko Saramies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A185">South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E. H." last="Schwarz">Peter E. H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A186">Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheu, Wayne H H" sort="Sheu, Wayne H H" uniqKey="Sheu W" first="Wayne H-H" last="Sheu">Wayne H-H Sheu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A187">Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A188">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siegbahn, Agneta" sort="Siegbahn, Agneta" uniqKey="Siegbahn A" first="Agneta" last="Siegbahn">Agneta Siegbahn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A190">Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tayo, Bamidele O" sort="Tayo, Bamidele O" uniqKey="Tayo B" first="Bamidele O." last="Tayo">Bamidele O. Tayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoli, Elena" sort="Tremoli, Elena" uniqKey="Tremoli E" first="Elena" last="Tremoli">Elena Tremoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A191">Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A192">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A193">King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A194">Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A195">Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A196">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A197">Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wallentin, Lars" sort="Wallentin, Lars" uniqKey="Wallentin L" first="Lars" last="Wallentin">Lars Wallentin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R" sort="Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R" uniqKey="Wolffenbuttel B" first="Bruce H. R." last="Wolffenbuttel">Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A198">Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordovas, Jose M" sort="Ordovas, Jose M" uniqKey="Ordovas J" first="Jose M." last="Ordovas">Jose M. Ordovas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A199">Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for rdiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A200">IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A201">Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N. A." last="Palmer">Colin N. A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A189">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I." last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A202">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A203">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, Manjinder S" sort="Sandhu, Manjinder S" uniqKey="Sandhu M" first="Manjinder S." last="Sandhu">Manjinder S. Sandhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, Stephen S" sort="Rich, Stephen S" uniqKey="Rich S" first="Stephen S." last="Rich">Stephen S. Rich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A204">Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kathiresan, Sekar" sort="Kathiresan, Sekar" uniqKey="Kathiresan S" first="Sekar" last="Kathiresan">Sekar Kathiresan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A205">Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A206">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Gonçalo R." last="Abecasis">Gonçalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable, risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,578 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at <italic>P</italic> < 5×10<sup>−8</sup>, including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian, and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipids are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index. 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<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24097068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3838666</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.2797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS524703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Discovery and Refinement of Loci Associated with Lipid Levels</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Willer</surname><given-names>Cristen J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Ellen M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Sengupta</surname><given-names>Sebanti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peloso</surname><given-names>Gina M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gustafsson</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanoni</surname><given-names>Stavroula</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ganna</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buchkovich</surname><given-names>Martin L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mora</surname><given-names>Samia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beckmann</surname><given-names>Jacques S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bragg-Gresham</surname><given-names>Jennifer L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Hsing-Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demirkan</surname><given-names>Ayşe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Den Hertog</surname><given-names>Heleen M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Do</surname><given-names>Ron</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Donnelly</surname><given-names>Louise A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ehret</surname><given-names>Georg B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Esko</surname><given-names>Tõnu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feitosa</surname><given-names>Mary F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>Teresa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>Krista</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fontanillas</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fraser</surname><given-names>Ross M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" 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Adrienne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A203">203</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sandhu</surname><given-names>Manjinder S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rich</surname><given-names>Stephen S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A204">204</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Boehnke</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Deloukas</surname><given-names>Panos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Kathiresan</surname><given-names>Sekar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A205">205</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A206">206</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Gonçalo R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The Global Lipids Genetics Consortium</collab></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Massachusetts General Hospital/Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, 07100 SS, Italy</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>The Laboratory in Mjodd, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at ount Sinai, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD21224, USA</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tamperew 33014, Finland</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland</aff><aff id="A109"><label>109</label>Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A110"><label>110</label>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A111"><label>111</label>Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A112"><label>112</label>Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United ingdom</aff><aff id="A113"><label>113</label>Department of Statistical Sciences, University College of London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A114"><label>114</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A115"><label>115</label>Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</aff><aff id="A116"><label>116</label>Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA</aff><aff id="A117"><label>117</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A118"><label>118</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A119"><label>119</label>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A120"><label>120</label>Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A121"><label>121</label>National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK</aff><aff id="A122"><label>122</label>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK</aff><aff id="A123"><label>123</label>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria</aff><aff id="A124"><label>124</label>School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A125"><label>125</label>University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A126"><label>126</label>INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A127"><label>127</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A128"><label>128</label>LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A129"><label>129</label>Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A130"><label>130</label>Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A131"><label>131</label>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway</aff><aff id="A132"><label>132</label>Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</aff><aff id="A133"><label>133</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France</aff><aff id="A134"><label>134</label>Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A135"><label>135</label>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</aff><aff id="A136"><label>136</label>Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</aff><aff id="A137"><label>137</label>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A138"><label>138</label>Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany</aff><aff id="A139"><label>139</label>Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore</aff><aff id="A140"><label>140</label>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A141"><label>141</label>Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles</aff><aff id="A142"><label>142</label>Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A143"><label>143</label>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A144"><label>144</label>Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A145"><label>145</label>Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A146"><label>146</label>Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA</aff><aff id="A147"><label>147</label>Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines</aff><aff id="A148"><label>148</label>Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France</aff><aff id="A149"><label>149</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA</aff><aff id="A150"><label>150</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden</aff><aff id="A151"><label>151</label>Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A152"><label>152</label>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</aff><aff id="A153"><label>153</label>Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A154"><label>154</label>Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A155"><label>155</label>Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan</aff><aff id="A156"><label>156</label>Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A157"><label>157</label>Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA</aff><aff id="A158"><label>158</label>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</aff><aff id="A159"><label>159</label>Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A160"><label>160</label>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A161"><label>161</label>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A162"><label>162</label>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland</aff><aff id="A163"><label>163</label>Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A164"><label>164</label>Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A165"><label>165</label>National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A166"><label>166</label>Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA</aff><aff id="A167"><label>167</label>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A168"><label>168</label>Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="A169"><label>169</label>Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="A170"><label>170</label>Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</aff><aff id="A171"><label>171</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A172"><label>172</label>Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia</aff><aff id="A173"><label>173</label>Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH,Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany</aff><aff id="A174"><label>174</label>Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica</aff><aff id="A175"><label>175</label>U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France</aff><aff id="A176"><label>176</label>Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A177"><label>177</label>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy</aff><aff id="A178"><label>178</label>Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A179"><label>179</label>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</aff><aff id="A180"><label>180</label>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA</aff><aff id="A181"><label>181</label>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A182"><label>182</label>Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan</aff><aff id="A183"><label>183</label>Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA</aff><aff id="A184"><label>184</label>Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A185"><label>185</label>South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland</aff><aff id="A186"><label>186</label>Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany</aff><aff id="A187"><label>187</label>Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan</aff><aff id="A188"><label>188</label>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland</aff><aff id="A189"><label>189</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</aff><aff id="A190"><label>190</label>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A191"><label>191</label>Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="A192"><label>192</label>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria</aff><aff id="A193"><label>193</label>King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="A194"><label>194</label>Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046</aff><aff id="A195"><label>195</label>Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</aff><aff id="A196"><label>196</label>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</aff><aff id="A197"><label>197</label>Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A198"><label>198</label>Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A199"><label>199</label>Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for rdiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A200"><label>200</label>IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A201"><label>201</label>Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A202"><label>202</label>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A203"><label>203</label>Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A204"><label>204</label>Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA</aff><aff id="A205"><label>205</label>Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</aff><aff id="A206"><label>206</label>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>†</label>Correspondence To: Cristen Willer, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, <email>cristen@umich.edu</email>; Karen Mohlke, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, <email>mohlke@med.unc.edu</email>; Erik Ingelsson, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, <email>erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se</email>; Gonçalo Abecasis, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, <email>goncalo@umich.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>5</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1274</fpage><lpage>1283</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.2797</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P1">Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable, risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,578 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at <italic>P</italic> < 5×10<sup>−8</sup>, including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian, and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipids are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index. Our results illustrate the value of genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestries and provide insights into biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological, and therapeutic research.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="S1"><title>Introduction</title><p id="P2">Blood lipids are heritable, modifiable, risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>, a leading cause of death<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. Human genetic studies of lipid levels can identify targets for new therapies for cholesterol management and prevention of heart disease, and can complement animal studies<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>. Studies of naturally occurring genetic variation can proceed through large-scale association analyses focused on unrelated individuals or through investigation of Mendelian forms of dyslipidemia in families<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup>. We previously identified 95 loci associated with blood lipids, accounting for ~10-12% of the total trait variance<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> and showed that variants with small effects can point to pathways and therapeutic targets that enable clinically-important changes in blood lipids<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P3">Here, we report on studies of naturally occurring variation in 188,578 European-ancestry individuals and 7,898 non-European ancestry individuals. Our analyses identify 157 loci associated with lipid levels at <italic>P</italic> < 5×10<sup>−8</sup>, including 62 new loci. Thirty of the 62 loci do not include genes implicated in lipid biology by previous literature. We tested lipid-associated SNPs for association with mRNA expression levels, carried out pathway analyses to uncover relationships between loci, and compared the locations of lipid-associated SNPs with those of genes and other functional elements in the genome. These results provide direction for biological and therapeutic research into risk factors for CAD.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="S2"><title>Results</title><sec id="S3"><title>Novel loci associated with blood lipid levels</title><p id="P4">We examined subjects of European ancestry, including 94,595 individuals from 23 studies genotyped with GWAS arrays<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> and 93,982 individuals from 37 studies genotyped with the Metabochip array<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>). The Metabochip includes variants representing promising loci from our previous GWAS (14,886 SNPs) and from GWAS of other CAD risk factors and related traits (50,459 SNPs), variants from the 1000 Genomes Project<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> and focused resequencing<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> efforts in 64 previously associated loci (28,923 SNPs), and fine-mapping variants in 181 loci associated with other traits (93,308 SNPs). In cases where Metabochip and GWAS array data were available for the same individuals, we used Metabochip data to ensure key variants were directly genotyped, rather than imputed.</p><p id="P5">We excluded individuals known to be on lipid lowering medications and evaluated the additive effects of each SNP on blood lipid levels after adjusting for age and sex. Genomic control values<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> for the initial meta-analyses were 1.10 – 1.15, low for a sample of this size, indicating that population stratification should have only a minor impact on our results (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 2</xref>). After genomic control correction, 157 loci associated with blood lipid levels were identified (<italic>P</italic> < 5×10<sup>−8</sup>), including 62 new loci (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Tables 1A</xref>-<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3</xref>). Loci were >1 Mb apart and nearly independent (r<sup>2</sup> < 0.10). Of the 62 novel loci, 24 demonstrated the strongest evidence of association with HDL cholesterol, 15 with LDL cholesterol, 8 with triglyceride levels, and 15 with total cholesterol (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 3</xref>). Several of these loci were validated by a similar extension based on GLGC GWAS results <sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P6">The effects of newly identified loci were generally smaller than in earlier GWAS (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 4</xref>). For the 62 newly identified variants, trait variance explained in the Framingham offspring were 1.6% for HDL cholesterol, 2.1% for triglycerides, 2.4% for LDL cholesterol, and 2.6% for total cholesterol.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Overlap of genetic discoveries and prior knowledge</title><p id="P7">To investigate connections between our new loci and known lipid biology, we first catalogued genes within 100 kb of the peak associated SNPs and searched PubMed and OMIM for occurrences of these gene names and their aliases in the context of relevant keywords. After manual curation, we identified at least one strong candidate in 32 of the 62 loci (52%) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). For the remaining 30 loci, we found no literature support for the role of a nearby gene on blood lipid levels. This search highlighted genes whose connections to lipid metabolism have been extensively documented in mouse models (such as <italic>VLDLR</italic><sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> and <italic>LRPAP1</italic><sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup>) and human cell lines (such as <italic>VIM</italic><sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup>), as well as candidates whose connection to lipid levels is more recent, such as <italic>VEGFA.</italic> For the latter, recent studies of <italic>VEGFB</italic> have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factors have an unexpected role in the targeting of lipids to peripheral tissues<sup><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup>, which we corroborate by associating variants near <italic>VEGFA</italic> with blood triglyceride and HDL levels.</p><p id="P8">Multiple types of evidence supported several literature candidates (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). For example, <italic>VLDLR</italic> is categorized by Gene Ontology<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> in the retinoid × nuclear receptor (RXR) activation pathway, which also includes genes (<italic>APOB, APOE, CYP7A1, APOA1, HNF1A, HNF4A)</italic> in previously implicated loci<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. However, since these additional sources of evidence build on overlapping knowledge they are not truly independent.</p><p id="P9">To estimate the probability of finding ≥32 literature supported candidates after automated search and manual review of results, we repeated our text-mining literature search using 100 permutations of SNPs matched for allele frequency, distance to the nearest gene, and number of linkage disequilibrium proxies. To approximate hand-curation of the text-mining results, we focused on genes implicated by 3 or more publications (25 in observed data, 8.7 on average in control SNP sets, <italic>P</italic> = 8×10<sup>−8</sup>).</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>Pathway analyses</title><p id="P10">We performed a gene-set enrichment analysis, using MAGENTA<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup>, to evaluate over-representation of biological pathways among associated loci. Across the 157 loci, MAGENTA identified 71 enriched pathways. These pathways included at least one gene in 20 of our newly identified loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 5</xref>). Examples include <italic>DAGLB</italic> (connected to previously associated loci by genes in the triglyceride lipase activity pathway), <italic>INSIG2</italic> (connected by the cholesterol and steroid metabolic process pathways), <italic>AKR1C4</italic> (connected by the steroid metabolic process and bile acid biosynthesis pathways), <italic>VLDLR</italic> (connected by the retinoic × receptor activation and lipid transport pathways, among others), <italic>PPARA, ABCB11</italic>, and <italic>UGT1A1</italic> (three genes assigned to pathways implicated in activation of nuclear hormone receptors, which play an important role in lipid metabolism through the transcriptional regulation of genes in sterol metabolic pathways<sup><xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>). Among the 16 loci where literature review and pathway analysis both suggested a candidate, the predictions overlapped 14 times (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>; by chance, we expect 6.6 overlapping predictions, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−5</sup>).</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Protein-protein interactions</title><p id="P11">We assessed evidence for physical interactions between proteins encoded near our associated SNPs using DAPPLE<sup><xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup>. We found an excess of direct protein-protein interactions for genes in loci associated with LDL (10 interactions, <italic>P</italic> = 0.0002), HDL (8 interactions, <italic>P</italic> = 0.002), and total cholesterol (6 interactions, <italic>P</italic> = 0.017), but not for triglycerides (2 interactions, <italic>P</italic> = 0.27) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 5</xref>). Most of the interactions involved genes at known loci (such as the interaction network connecting <italic>PLTP, APOE, APOB</italic>, and <italic>LIPC</italic>) or highlighted the same genes as literature and pathway analyses (such as those connecting <italic>VLDLR, APOE, APOB, CETP</italic>, and <italic>LPL</italic>). Among novel loci, we identified a link between <italic>AKT1</italic> and <italic>GSK3B. GSK3B</italic> has been shown to play a role in energy metabolism<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup> and its activity is regulated by <italic>AKT1</italic> through phosphorylation<sup><xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup>. Literature review also supported a role in blood lipid levels for these two genes.</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Regulation of gene expression by associated variants</title><p id="P12">Many complex trait associated variants act through the regulation of gene expression. We examined whether our 62 novel variants were associated with expression levels of nearby genes in liver, omental fat, or subcutaneous fat. Fifteen were associated with expression of a nearby transcript with <italic>P</italic> < 5×10<sup>−8</sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 6</xref>) and, in seven, the lipid-associated variant was in strong disequilibrium with the strongest expression-quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for the region (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8). In three of these loci, literature search also prioritized candidate genes. In all three, eQTL analysis and literature review identified the same candidate (<italic>DAGLB, SPTLC3</italic>, and <italic>PXK, P</italic> = 0.05). For the remaining four loci (near <italic>RBM5, ADH5, TMEM176A</italic>, and <italic>GPR146</italic>), analysis of expression levels identified candidates that were not supported by literature or pathway analyses.</p></sec><sec id="S8"><title>Coding variation</title><p id="P13">In some loci where previous coding variant association studies were inconclusive, we now find convincing evidence of association, demonstrating the benefits of the large sample sizes achievable by collaboration. For example, in the <italic>APOH</italic> locus<sup><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup>, our most strongly associated variant is rs1801689 (<italic>APOH</italic> C325G, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−11</sup> for LDL cholesterol). Overall, at 15 of the 62 new loci, there is at least one nonsynonymous variant within 100kb and in strong (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8) linkage disequilibrium with the index SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 7</xref>)(18 loci with no restrictions on distance). This ~30% overlap between associated loci and coding variation is similar to that in other complex traits<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>. Unexpectedly, in the 11 loci where a candidate was suggested by literature review and by coding variation, the two coincided seven times (<italic>P</italic> = 0.03 compared to expected chance overlap of 3.8 times); thus, agreement between literature and coding variation was less significant than for eQTL and pathway analysis or protein-protein interactions.</p></sec><sec id="S9"><title>Overlap between association signals and regulators of transcription in liver</title><p id="P14">Despite our efforts, 18 of the 62 new loci remain without prioritized candidate genes. The liver is an important hub of lipid biosynthesis and there is evidence that lipid loci might be associated with changes in gene regulation in liver cells<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup>. Using ENCODE data<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup>, we evaluated whether associated SNPs overlapped experimentally annotated functional elements identified in HepG2 cells, a commonly used model of human hepatocytes. To determine significance, we generated 100,000 lists of permuted SNPs, matched for minor allele frequency, distance to the nearest gene, and number of SNPs in r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8 (described in Methods). In HepG2 cells, lipid-associated SNPs were enriched in eight of the 15 functional chromatin states defined by Ernst <italic>et al.</italic><sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup> (<italic>P</italic> < 1×10<sup>−5</sup>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 8</xref>). The strongest enrichment was in regions with “strong enhancer activity” (3.7-fold enrichment, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−25</sup>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 9</xref>). In the other eight cell types examined by Ernst <italic>et al</italic>., no more than three functional chromatin states showed evidence for enrichment (and, when present, enrichment was weaker).</p><p id="P15">We proceeded to investigate the overlap between lipid loci and functional marks in HepG2 cells in more detail (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 9</xref>). Notable regulatory elements showing significant overlap with lipid loci included histone marks associated with active regulatory regions (H3K27ac, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−20</sup>; H3K9ac, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−22</sup>), promoters (H3K4me3, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−15</sup>, H3K4me2, P = 8×10<sup>−12</sup>), transcribed regions (H3K36me3, <italic>P</italic> = 4×10<sup>−14</sup>), indicators of open chromatin (FAIRE, <italic>P</italic> = 5×10<sup>−9</sup>; DNase, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−4</sup>), and regions that interact with transcription factors HNF4A (<italic>P</italic> = 6×10<sup>−10</sup>) and CEBP/B (<italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−5</sup>). Overall, 56 of our 62 new loci contained at least one SNP that overlaps a functional mark<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup> and/or chromatin state<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup> highlighted in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 9</xref>, including all but 3 of the loci where no candidates were suggested by literature review or analyses of pathways, coding variation, or gene expression (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 10</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S10"><title>Initial fine-mapping of 65 lipid-associated loci</title><p id="P16">Previous fine-mapping of five LDL-associated lipid loci found that variants showing the strongest association were often substantially different in frequency and effect size from those identified in GWAS<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup>. Metabochip genotypes enabled us to carry out an initial fine-mapping analysis for 65 loci: 60 selected for fine-mapping based on our previous study<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> and 5 nominated for fine-mapping because of association to other traits.</p><p id="P17">For each of these loci, we identified the most strongly associated Metabochip variant and evaluated whether it (a) reached genome-wide significant evidence for association (to avoid chance fluctuations in regions where the signal was relatively weak) and (b) was different from the GWAS index SNP in terms of frequency and effect size (operationalized to r<sup>2</sup> < 0.8 with the GWAS index SNP). In the European samples, fine-mapping identified eight loci where the fine-mapping signal was clearly different from the GWAS signal (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>). The two largest differences were at the loci near <italic>PCSK9</italic> (top GWAS variant with minor allele frequency f = 0.24 and <italic>P</italic> = 9×10<sup>−24</sup>; fine-mapping variant with f = 0.03, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−136</sup>) and <italic>APOE</italic> (GWAS variant f = 0.20, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−44</sup>, fine-mapping variant f = 0.07, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−651</sup>), consistent with Sanna <italic>et al</italic><sup>10</sup>. Large differences were also observed near <italic>LRP4</italic> (GWAS f = 0.17, <italic>P</italic> = 8×10<sup>−14</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.35, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−26</sup>), <italic>IGF2R</italic> (GWAS f = 0.16, <italic>P</italic> = 7×10<sup>−9</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.37, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−13</sup>), <italic>NPC1L1</italic> (GWAS f = 0.27, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−5</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.24, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−12</sup>), <italic>ST3GAL4</italic> (GWAS f = 0.26, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−6</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.07, <italic>P</italic> = 6×10<sup>−11</sup>), <italic>MED1</italic> (GWAS f = 0.37, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−5</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.24, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−10</sup>), and <italic>COBLL1</italic> (GWAS f = 0.12, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−6</sup>; fine-mapping f = 0.11, <italic>P</italic> = 6×10<sup>−9</sup>). Thus, although the large changes observed by Sanna <italic>et al</italic><sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> after fine-mapping are by no means unique, they are not typical. Except for the R46L variant in <italic>PCSK9</italic>, the variants showing strongest association in fine-mapped loci all had minor allele frequency > .05.</p><p id="P18">We also attempted fine-mapping in African (N=3,263), East Asian (N=1,771), and South Asian (N=4,901) ancestry samples. Despite comparatively small samples, ancestry-specific analyses identified SNPs clearly distinct from the original GWAS variant in five loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 11</xref>). These were: <italic>APOE</italic>, consistent with European ancestry analyses above; three loci where differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations enabled fine-mapping in African (<italic>SORT1, LDLR</italic>) or East Asian (<italic>APOA5</italic>) ancestry samples; and <italic>CETP</italic>, where an African-specific variant was present. For <italic>CETP, SORT1</italic>, and <italic>APOA5</italic>, results are consistent with other fine-mapping and functional studies<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>,<xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S11"><title>Association of lipid loci with metabolic and cardiovascular traits</title><p id="P19">To evaluate the role of the 157 loci identified here on related traits, we evaluated the most strongly associated SNPs for each locus in genetic studies of coronary artery disease (CAD, N=114,590 including 37,653 cases)<sup><xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>,<xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref></sup>, type 2 diabetes (T2D, N=47,117 including 8,130 cases)<sup><xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup>, body mass index (BMI, N=123,865 individuals)<sup><xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></sup> and waist-hip ratio (WHR, N=77,167 individuals)<sup><xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref></sup>, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, N=69,395 individuals)<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></sup>, and fasting glucose (N=46,186 non-diabetics)<sup><xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref></sup>. We observed an excess of SNPs nominally associated (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) with all these traits: a 5.1 fold excess for CAD (40 nominally significant loci, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−19</sup>), a 4.1 fold excess for BMI (32 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−11</sup>), 3.7 fold excesses for DBP (29 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−9</sup>), a 3.4 fold excess for WHR (27 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−9</sup>), a 2.5 fold excess for SBP (20 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−4</sup>), a 2.3 fold excess for T2D (18 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001), and a 2.2 fold excess for fasting glucose (17 loci, <italic>P</italic> = 3×10<sup>−3</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 12</xref>). Interestingly, among the novel loci, we observed greater overlap with BMI, SBP, and DBP (9 overlapping loci each) than with CAD (8 overlapping loci). Among new loci, the two SNPs showing strongest association to CAD map near <italic>RBM5</italic> (rs2013208, <italic>P</italic><sub>HDL</sub> = 9×10<sup>−12</sup>, <italic>P</italic><sub>CAD</sub> = 7×10<sup>−5</sup>) and <italic>CMTM6</italic> (rs7640978, <italic>P</italic><sub>LDL</sub> = 1×10<sup>−8</sup>, <italic>P</italic><sub>CAD</sub> = 4×10<sup>−4</sup>).</p><p id="P20">We tested whether the LDL-, total cholesterol- or triglyceride-increasing allele, or HDL-decreasing allele was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or related metabolic outcomes; the direction of effect of each locus was categorized according to the primary association signal at the locus, as in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Tables 1A</xref>-<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">D</xref>. We observed association with increased CAD risk (104/149, <italic>P</italic> = 1×10<sup>−6</sup>), SBP (96/155, <italic>P</italic> = 2.7×10<sup>−3</sup>) and WHR adjusted for BMI (92/154, <italic>P</italic> = 0.019). There were many instances where a single locus was associated with many traits. These included variants near <italic>FTO</italic>, consistent with previous reports<sup><xref rid="R34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref></sup>; near <italic>VEGFA</italic> (associated with triglyceride levels, CAD, T2D, SBP, and DBP), near <italic>SLC39A8</italic> (associated with HDL cholesterol, BMI, SBP, and DBP), and near <italic>MIR581</italic> (associated with HDL cholesterol, BMI, T2D, and DBP). In some cases, like <italic>FTO</italic>, a strong association with BMI or another phenotype generates weaker association signals for other metabolic traits<sup><xref rid="R34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref></sup>. In other cases, like <italic>SORT1</italic>, a primary effect on lipid levels may mediate secondary association with other traits, like CAD<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S12"><title>Association of individual lipids with coronary artery disease</title><p id="P21">Epidemiological studies consistently show high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk of CAD, whereas high HDL cholesterol levels are associated with reduced risk of CAD<sup><xref rid="R35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref></sup>. In genetic studies, the connection between LDL cholesterol and CAD is clear, whereas the results for HDL cholesterol levels are more equivocal<sup><xref rid="R36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>-<xref rid="R38" ref-type="bibr">38</xref></sup>. In our data, trait increasing alleles at the loci showing strongest association with LDL cholesterol (31 loci), triglycerides (30 loci), or total cholesterol (38 loci) were associated with increased risk of CAD (<italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−12</sup>, <italic>P</italic> = 2×10<sup>−16</sup>, and <italic>P</italic> = 0.006). Conversely, trait decreasing alleles at loci showing the strongest association with HDL cholesterol (64 loci), were associated with increased CAD risk with <italic>P</italic> = 0.02. When we focused on loci uniquely associated with LDL cholesterol (12 loci where <italic>P</italic> > .05 for other lipids), triglycerides (6 loci), or HDL cholesterol (14 loci), only the LDL association remained significant (<italic>P</italic> = 0.03).</p><p id="P22">To better explore how associations with individual lipid levels related to CAD risk, we used linear regression to test whether association with lipid levels could predict impact on CAD risk. In this analysis, the effect on CAD of 149 lipid loci (CAD results were not available for 8 SNPs) was correlated with LDL (Pearson r=0.74, <italic>P</italic> = 7×10<sup>−6</sup>) and triglyceride (Pearson r=0.46, <italic>P</italic> = 0.02) effect sizes, but not HDL effect sizes (Pearson r=−9×10<sup>−4</sup>, <italic>P</italic> = 0.99; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 6</xref>). Since most variants affect multiple lipid fractions (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>), dissecting the relationship between lipid level and CAD effects requires multivariate analysis. In a companion manuscript, we use multivariate analysis and detailed examination of triglyceride associated loci to show that increased LDL and triglyceride levels, but not HDL, appear causally related to CAD risk.</p></sec><sec id="S13"><title>Evidence for additional loci, not yet reaching genome-wide significance</title><p id="P23">To evaluate evidence for loci not yet reaching genome-wide significance, we compared direction of effect in GWAS and Metabochip analyses of non-overlapping samples, outside the 157 genome-wide significant loci. Among independent variants (r<sup>2</sup> < 0.1) with <italic>P</italic> < 0.1 in the GWAS-only analysis, a significant excess were concordant in direction of effect for HDL (62.9% in 1,847 SNPs, <italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−16</sup>), LDL (58.6% of 1,730 SNPs, <italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−16</sup>), triglyceride levels (59.1% of 1,783 SNPs, <italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−16</sup>), and total cholesterol (61.0% of 1,904 SNPs, <italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−16</sup>), suggesting many additional loci to be discovered in future studies.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S14"><title>Discussion</title><p id="P24">Molecular understanding of the genes and pathways that modify blood lipid levels in humans will facilitate the design of new therapies for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. This understanding can be gained from studies of model organisms, <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments, bioinformatic analyses, and human genetic studies. Here, we demonstrate association between blood lipid levels and 62 new loci, bringing the total number of lipid-associated loci to 157 (See <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Tables 1A</xref>-<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">D</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). All but one of the loci identified here include protein-coding genes within 100 kb of the SNP showing strongest association. While 38 of the 62 new loci include genes whose role in blood lipid levels is supported by literature review or analysis of curated pathway databases, the remainder includes only genes whose role on blood lipid levels has not been documented.</p><p id="P25">In total, there are 240 genes within 100 kb of one of our 62 new lipid-associated loci – providing a daunting challenge for future functional studies. Prioritizing on the basis of literature review, pathway analysis, regulation of mRNA expression levels, and protein altering variants suggests that 70 genes in 44 of the 62 new loci might be the focus of the first round of functional studies (summarized in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). While we found significant overlap, different sources of prioritization sometimes disagreed. This result suggests that truly understanding causality will be very challenging. The Supplementary Note includes an interpreted digest of genes highlighted by our study. Clearly, a range of approaches will be needed to follow-up these findings. To illustrate possibilities, consider U. S. Patent Application #20,090,036,394 disclosing that, in the mouse, knockout of <italic>Gpr146</italic> modifies blood lipid levels. Here, we show that variants near the human homologue of this gene, <italic>GPR146</italic>, are associated with levels of total cholesterol – providing an added incentive for studies of GPR146 inhibitors in humans. <italic>GPR146</italic> encodes a G-protein coupled receptor – an attractive pharmaceutical target – so it is tempting to speculate that, one day, pharmaceutical inhibition of GPR146 may modify cholesterol levels and reduce risk of heart disease.</p><p id="P26">Each locus typically includes many strongly associated (and potentially causal) variants. Our fine-mapping results illustrate how genetic analysis of large samples and individuals of diverse ancestry can help focus the search for causal variants. In our fine-mapping analysis of 65 lipid-associated loci, we were able to separate the strongest signal in a region from the prior GWAS signal in 12 instances. In three of these 12 instances, fine-mapping was enabled by analysis of a few thousand African or East Asian ancestry individuals, whereas in the remaining instances, fine-mapping was possible through examination of nearly 100,000 European ancestry samples. A more detailed fine-mapping exercise, including imputation of variants from emerging very large reference panels, may help refine the location of additional signals.</p><p id="P27">Lipid-associated loci were strongly associated with CAD, T2D, BMI, SBP, and DBP. In univariate analyses, we found that impact on LDL and triglycerides all predicted association with CAD, but HDL did not. In a more detailed multivariate investigation, a companion manuscript shows that our data is consistent with the hypothesis that both LDL and triglycerides, but not HDL, are causally related to CAD risk. HDL, LDL, and triglycerides levels summarize aggregate levels of different lipid particles, each with potentially distinct consequences for CAD risk. We evaluated association of our loci with lipid subfractions in 2,900 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 13</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 7</xref>) and with sphingolipids, which are components of lipid membranes in cells, in 4,034 individuals from five samples of European ancestry<sup><xref rid="R39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 14</xref>). The results suggest HDL-associated variants can have a markedly different impact on these sub-phenotypes. For example, among HDL loci, variants near <italic>LIPC</italic> were strongly associated with plasmalogen levels (<italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−40</sup>), variants near <italic>ABCA1</italic> were associated with sphingomyelin levels (<italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−5</sup>), and variants near <italic>CETP</italic> – which show the strongest association with HDL cholesterol overall – were associated with neither of these. Detailed genetic dissection of these sub-phenotypes in larger samples, could lead to functional groupings of HDL-associated variants that reconcile the results of genetic studies (which show no clear connection between HDL cholesterol-associated variants and CAD risk) and epidemiologic studies (which show clear association between plasma HDL levels and CAD risk).</p><p id="P28">In summary, we report the largest genetic association study of blood lipid levels yet conducted. The large number of loci identified, the many candidate genes they contain, and the diverse proteins they encode generate new leads and insights into lipid biology. It is our hope that the next round of genetic studies will build on these results, using new sequencing, genotyping, and imputation technologies to examine rare loss-of-function alleles and other variants of clear functional impact to accelerate the translation of these leads into mechanistic insights and improved treatments for CAD.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S15"><title>Online Methods</title><sec id="S16"><title>Samples studied</title><p id="P29">We collected summary statistics for Metabochip SNPs from 45 studies. Among these, 37 studies consisted primarily of individuals of European ancestry (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref> for details), including both population-based studies and case-control studies of CAD and T2D. Another 8 studies consisted primarily of individuals with non-European ancestry: two studies of South Asian descent, AIDHS/SDS (N=1,516) and PROMIS (N=3,385); two studies of East Asian descent, CLHNS (N=1,771) and TAI-CHI (N=7044); and five studies of recent African ancestry, MRC/UVRI GPC (N=1,687) from Uganda, SEY (N=426) from the Caribbean, and FBPP (N=1,614, TG results unavailable), GXE (N=397), and SPT (N=838) from the United States (more details in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S17"><title>Genotyping</title><p id="P30">We genotyped 196,710 genetic variants prioritized on the basis of prior GWAS for cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes using the Illumina iSelect Metabochip<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> genotyping array. To design the Metabochip, we used our previous GWAS of ~100,000 individuals<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> to prioritize 5,023 SNPs for HDL cholesterol, 5,055 for LDL cholesterol, 5,056 for triglycerides, and 938 for total cholesterol. These independent SNPs represent most loci with <italic>P</italic> < .005 in our original GWAS for HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and with <italic>P</italic> < .0005 for total cholesterol. An additional 28,923 SNPs were selected for fine-mapping of 65 previously identified lipid loci. The Metabochip also included 50,459 SNPs prioritized based on GWAS of non-lipid traits and 93,308 SNPs selected for fine-mapping of loci associated with non-lipid traits (5 of these loci were associated with blood lipids by the analyses described here).</p></sec><sec id="S18"><title>Phenotypes</title><p id="P31">Blood lipid levels were typically measured after > 8 hours of fasting. Individuals known to be on lipid-lowering medication were excluded when possible. LDL cholesterol levels were directly measured in 10 studies (24% of total study individuals) and estimated using the Friedewald formula<sup><xref rid="R40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref></sup> in the remaining studies. Trait residuals within each study cohort were adjusted for age, age<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>, and sex, and then quantile normalized. Explicit adjustments for population structure using principal component<sup><xref rid="R41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref></sup> or mixed model approaches<sup><xref rid="R42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref></sup> were carried out in 24 studies (35% of individuals); all studies were adjusted using genomic control prior to meta-analysis<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup>. In studies ascertained on diabetes or CVD status, cases and controls were analyzed separately (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). All meta-analyses were limited to a single ancestral group (e.g. European only).</p></sec><sec id="S19"><title>Primary statistical analysis</title><p id="P32">Individual SNP association tests were performed using linear regression with the inverse normal transformed trait values as the dependent variable and the expected allele count for each individual as the independent variable. These analyses were performed using PLINK (26 samples, 53% of the total number of individuals), SNPTEST (4 samples, 20% of individuals), EMMAX (9 samples, 14% of individuals), Merlin (4 samples, 9% of individuals), GENABEL (1 sample, 3% of individuals), and MMAP (1 sample, 1% of individuals) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S20"><title>Meta-analysis</title><p id="P33">Meta-analysis was performed using the Stouffer method<sup><xref rid="R43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>,<xref rid="R44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref></sup>, with weights proportional to the square root of the sample size for each sample. To correct for inflated test statistics due to potential population stratification, we first applied genomic control to each sample and then repeated the procedure with initial meta-analysis results. For GWAS samples, we used all available SNPs when estimating the median test statistic and inflation factor λ. For Metabochip samples, we used a subset of SNPs (N = 7,168) that had <italic>P</italic>-values > 0.50 for all lipid traits in the original GWAS, expecting that the majority of these would not be associated with lipids and would behave as null variants in the Metabochip samples. Signals were considered to be novel if they reached a <italic>P</italic>-value < 5×10<sup>−8</sup> in the combined GWAS and Metabochip meta-analysis and were >1 Mb away from the nearest previously described lipid locus and other novel loci. We used only European samples for the discovery of novel genome-wide significant loci. The non-European samples were meta-analyzed and examined only for fine-mapping analyses.</p></sec><sec id="S21"><title>Quality control</title><p id="P34">To flag potentially erroneous analyses, we carried out a series of quality control steps. Average standard errors for association statistics from each study were plotted against study sample size to identify outlier studies. We inspected allele frequencies to ensure all analyses used the same strand assignment of alleles. We evaluated whether reported statistics and allelic effects were consistent with published findings for known loci. Genomic control values for study specific analyses were inspected, and all were <1.20. Finally, within each study, we excluded variants for which the minor allele was observed <7 times.</p></sec><sec id="S22"><title>Proportion of trait variance explained</title><p id="P35">We estimated the increase in trait variance explained by novel loci in the Framingham cohort (N=7,132) using three models for each trait-residual: 1) lead and secondary SNPs from the previously published loci<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> and 2) previously published lipid loci plus newly reported loci; and 3) newly reported loci. We regressed lipid residuals on these sets of SNPs using the lme kinship package in R.</p></sec><sec id="S23"><title>Initial automated review of the published literature</title><p id="P36">An initial list of candidates within each locus was generated with Snipper (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://csg.sph.umich.edu/boehnke/snipper/">http://csg.sph.umich.edu/boehnke/snipper/</ext-link>) and then subjected to manual review. For each locus, Snipper first generates a list of nearby genes and then checks for the co-occurrence of the corresponding gene names and selected search terms (“cholesterol”, “lipids”, “HDL”, “LDL”, or “triglycerides”) in published literature and OMIM. We supplemented this approach with traditional literature searches using PubMed and Google.</p></sec><sec id="S24"><title>Generating permuted sets of non-associated SNPs</title><p id="P37">To estimate the expected chance overlap between literature searches and our loci, we generated lists of permuted SNPs. To generate these lists, we first identified all non-associated lipid SNPs (P > 0.10 for any of the 4 lipid traits) and created bins based on 3 statistics: minor allele frequency, distance to the nearest gene, and number of SNPs with r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8. For each index SNP, we identified 500 non lipid-associated SNPs that fell within the same 3 bins and randomly selected one SNP for each permuted list.</p></sec><sec id="S25"><title>Pathway analyses</title><p id="P38">To investigate if lipid-associated variants overlapped previously annotated pathways, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), as implemented in MAGENTA<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup> using the meta-analysis of all studies, including GWAS and Metabochip SNPs. Briefly, MAGENTA first assigns SNPs to a given gene when within 110 kb upstream or 40 kb downstream of transcript boundaries. The most significant SNP <italic>P</italic>-value within this interval is then adjusted for confounders (gene size, marker density, LD) to create a gene association score. When the same SNP is assigned to multiple genes, only the gene with the lowest score is kept for downstream analyses. Subsequently, MAGENTA attaches pathway terms to each gene using several annotation resources, including GO, PANTHER, Ingenuity, and KEGG. Finally, the genes are ranked on their gene association score, and a modified GSEA test is used to test the null hypothesis that all gene score ranks above a given rank cutoff are randomly distributed with regard to a given pathway term (and compared to multiple randomly sampled gene sets of identical size). We evaluated enrichment by using a rank cutoff of 5% of the total number of genes. A minimum of 10,000 gene set permutations were performed, and up to 1,000,000 permutations for GSEA <italic>P</italic>-values below 1×10<sup>−4</sup>.</p><p id="P39">We used the Disease Association Protein–Protein Link Evaluator package (DAPPLE; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/dapple/dapple.php">http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/dapple/dapple.php</ext-link>) to examine evidence for protein-protein interaction networks connecting genes across different lipid loci. This analysis included the 62 novel loci as well as the 95 previously known loci; we focus our discussion on pathways that included one or more genes from novel loci.</p></sec><sec id="S26"><title>Cis-expression quantitative trait locus analysis</title><p id="P40">To determine whether lipid-associated SNPs might act as <italic>cis</italic>-regulators of nearby genes, we examined association with expression levels of 39,280 transcripts in 960 human liver samples, 741 human omental fat samples, and 609 human subcutaneous fat samples. Tissue samples were collected postmortem or during surgical resection from donors; tissue collection, DNA and RNA isolation, expression profiling, and genotyping were performed as described<sup><xref rid="R45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref></sup>. MACH was used to obtain imputed genotypes for ~2.6 million SNPs in the HapMap release 22 for each of the samples. We examined the correlation between each of the 62 new index SNPs and all transcripts within 500 kb of the SNP position, performing association analyses as previously described<sup><xref rid="R46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S27"><title>Functional annotation of associated variants</title><p id="P41">We attempted to identify lipid-associated SNPs that fall in important regulatory domains. We initially created a list of all potentially causal variants by selecting index SNPs at loci identified in this study or in Teslovich <italic>et al</italic><sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. We then selected any variant in strong linkage disequilibrium (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8 from 1000 Genomes or HapMap) with each index SNP. We compared the position of the index SNPs and their proxies to previously described functional marks<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>,<xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup>. To assess the expected overlap with functional marks, we created 100,000 permuted sets of non-associated SNPs (see above) and evaluated permuted SNP lists for overlap with functional domains. We estimated a <italic>P</italic>-value for each functional domain as the proportion of permuted sets with an equal or greater number of loci overlapping functional domains (for large <italic>P</italic>-values). For small <italic>P</italic>-values we used a normal approximation to the empirical overlap distribution to estimate <italic>P</italic>-values.</p></sec><sec id="S28"><title>Association with lipid subfractions</title><p id="P42">Lipoprotein fractions for Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS) samples (N = 23170) were measured using the LipoProtein-II assay (Liposcience Inc. Raleigh, NC) and Framingham Heart Study Offspring samples (N = 2900) were measured with the LipoProtein-I assay (Liposcience Inc. Raleigh, NC)<sup><xref rid="R47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref></sup>. Additional information on sub-fraction measurements can be found in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 7</xref>. Log transformations were used for non-normalized traits. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and PCs. The genetic association analysis of WGHS used SNP genotypes imputed from the HapMap r22 CEU reference panel using MACH. 16,730 out of 23,170 WGHS participants were fasting for 8 hours prior to blood draw (72.2%).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS524703-supplement-1.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e4544" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack id="S29"><title>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</title><p>We especially thank the >196,000 volunteers who participated in our study. Detailed acknowledgement of funding sources is provided in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">supplementary online material</xref>.</p></ack><fn-group><fn id="FN1"><p id="P43"><bold>URLs</bold></p><p id="P44">Summary results for our studies are available. We hope that they will facilitate continued research into the genetics of blood lipid levels and, eventually, help identify improved treatments for CAD. To browse the full result set, go to <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://http:/www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/lipids2013/">http:/www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/lipids2013/</ext-link></p></fn><fn id="FN2"><p id="P45"><bold>Disclosures</bold></p><p id="P46"><bold>CHS</bold></p><p id="P47">Bruce Psaty serves on the DSBM of a clinical trial funded by the manufacturer (Zoll), and he serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open-Data Project funded by the Medtronic.</p><p id="P48"><bold>CoLaus</bold></p><p id="P49">Peter Vollenweider received an unrestricted grant from GSK to build the CoLaus study.</p><p id="P50"><bold>deCODE</bold></p><p id="P51">Authors affiliated with deCODE Genetics/Amgen, a biotechnology company, are employees of deCODE Genetics/Amgen.</p><p id="P52"><bold>GLACIER</bold></p><p id="P53">Inês Barroso and spouse own stock in GlaxoSmithKline and Incyte Ltd.</p></fn><fn id="FN3"><p id="P54"><bold>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</bold></p><p id="P55"><bold>Writing and Analysis Group</bold></p><p id="P56">G.R.A., M.B., L.A.C., P.D., P.W.F., S.K., K.L.M., E.I., G.M.P., S.S.R., S.R., M.S.S., E.M.S., S.S., C.J.W. (Lead). E.M.S. and S.S. performed meta-analysis and E.M.S., S.S., G.M.P., M.B., J.C., S.G., A.G., and S. K. performed bioinformatics analyses. E.M.S. and S.S. prepared the tables, figures and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">supplementary material</xref>. C.J.W. led the analysis and bioinformatics efforts. E.I. and K.M. led the biological interpretation of results. C.J.W. and G.R.A. wrote the manuscript. All analysis and writing group authors extensively discussed the analysis, results, interpretation and presentation of results.</p><p id="P57">All authors contributed to the research and reviewed the manuscript.</p><p id="P58"><bold>Design, management and </bold><bold>coordination of contributing cohorts</bold></p><p id="P59">(ADVANCE) T.L.A.; (AGES Reykjavik study) T.B.H., V.G.; (AIDHS/SDS) D.K.S.; (AMC-PAS) P.D., G.K.H.; (Amish GLGC) A.R.S.; (ARIC) E.B.; (B58C-WTCCC & B58C-T1DGC) D.P.S.; (B58C-Metabochip) C.M.L., C.P., M.I.M.; (BLSA) L.F.; (BRIGHT) P.B.M.; (CHS) B.M.P., J.I.R.; (CLHNS) A.B.F., K.L.M., L.S.A.; (CoLaus) P.V.; (deCODE) K.S., U.T.; (DIAGEN) P.E.S., S.R.B.; (DILGOM) S.R.; (DPS) M.U.; (DR’s EXTRA) R.R.; (EAS) J.F.P.; (EGCUT (Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu)) A.M.; (ELY) N.W.; (EPIC) N.W., K.K.; (EPIC_N_OBSET GWAS) E.H.Young; (ERF) C.M.V.; (ESS (Erasmus Stroke Study)) P.J.K.; (Family Heart Study FHS) I.B.B.; (FBPP) A.C., R.S.C., S.C.H.; (FENLAND) R.L., N.W.; (FIN-D2D 2007) A.K., L.M.; (FINCAVAS) M.K.; (Framingham) L.A.C., S.K., J.M.O.; (FRISCII) A.S., L.W.; (FUSION GWAS) K.L.M., M.B.; (FUSION stage 2) F.S.C., J.T., J.S.; (GenomEUTwin) J.B.W., N.G.M., K.O.K., V.S., J.K., A.J., D.I.B., N.P., T.D.S.; (GLACIER) P.W.F.; (Go-DARTS) A.D.M., C.N.P.; (GxE/Spanish Town) B.O.T., C.A.M., F.B., J.N.H., R.S.C.; (HUNT2) K.H.; (IMPROVE) U.D., A.H., E.T., S.E.H.; (InCHIANTI) S.B.; (KORAF4) C.G.;(LifeLines) B.H.W.; (LOLIPOP) J.S.K., J.C.C.; (LURIC) B.O.B.; W.M.; (MDC) L.C.G., S.K.; (METSIM) J.K., M.L.; (MICROS) P.P.P.; (MORGAM) D.A., J.F.; (MRC/UVRI GPC GWAS) P.K., G.A., J.S., E.H.Y.; (MRC National Survey of Health & Development) D.K.; (NFBC1986) M-R.J.; (NSPHS) U.G.; (ORCADES) H.C.; (PARC) Y.I.C., R.M.K., J.I.R.; (PIVUS) E.I., L.L.; (PROMIS) J.D., P.D., D.S.; (Rotterdam Study) A.H., A.G.U.; (SardiNIA) G.R.A.; (SCARFSHEEP) A.H., U.D.; (SEYCHELLES) M.B., M.B.; P.B.; (SUVIMAX) P.M.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.I., N.L.P.; (TAICHI) T.L.A., Y.I.C., C.A.H., T.Q., J.I.R., W.H.S.; (THISEAS) G.D., P.D.; (Tromsø) I.N.; (TWINGENE) U.D., E.I.; (ULSAM) E.I.; (Whitehall II) A.H., M.K.</p><p id="P60"><bold>Genotyping of contributing cohorts</bold></p><p id="P61">(ADVANCE) D.A.; (AIDHS/SDS) L.F.B., M.L.G.; (AMC-PAS) P.D., G.K.H.; (B58C-WTCCC & B58C-T1DGC) W.L.M.; (B58C-Metabochip) M.I.M.; (BLSA) D.H.; (BRIGHT) P.B.M.; (CHS) J.I.R.; (DIAGEN) N.N., G.M.; (DILGOM) A.P.; (DR’s EXTRA) T.A.L.; (EAS) J.F.W.; (EGCUT (Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu)) T.E.; (EPIC) P.D.; (EPIC_N_SUBCOH GWAS) I.B.; (ERF) C.M.V.; (ESS (Erasmus Stroke Study)) C.M.V.; (FBPP) A.C., G.B.E.; (FENLAND) M.S.S.; (FIN-D2D 2007) A.J.S.; (FINCAVAS) T.L.; (Framingham) J.M.O.; (FUSION stage 2) L.L.B.; (GLACIER) I.B.; (Go-DARTS) C.G., C.N.P., M.I.M.; (IMPROVE) A.H.; (KORAF3) H.G., T.I.; (KORAF4) N.K.; (LifeLines) C.W.; (LOLIPOP) J.S.K., J.C.C.; (LURIC) M.E.K.; (MDC) B.F.V., R.D.; (MICROS) A.A.H.; (MORGAM) L.T., P.B.; (MRC/UVRI GPC GWAS) M.S.S.; (MRC National Survey of Health & Development) A.W., D.K., K.K.O.; (NFBC1986) A-L.H., M.J, M.M., P.E., S.V.; (NSPHS and FRISCII) Å.J.; (ORCADES) H.C.; (PARC) M.O.G., M.R.J., J.I.R.; (PIVUS) E.I., L.L.; (PROMIS) P.D., K.S.; (Rotterdam Study) A.G.U., F.R.; (SardiNIA) R.N.; (SCARFSHEEP) B.G., R.J.S.; (SEYCHELLES) F.M., G.B.E.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.I., N.L.P.; (TAICHI) D.A., T.L.A., E.K., T.Q., L.L.W.; (THISEAS) P.D.; (TWINGENE) A.H., E.I.; (ULSAM) E.I.; (WGHS) D.I.C., P.M.R.; (Whitehall II) A.H., C.L., M.K., M.K.</p><p id="P62"><bold>Phenotype definition of contributing cohorts</bold></p><p id="P63">(ADVANCE) C.I.; (AGES Reykjavik study) T.B.H., V.G.; (AIDHS/SDS) L.F.B.; (AMC-PAS) J.J.K.; (Amish GLGC) A.R.S., B.D.M.; (B58C-WTCCC & B58C-T1DGC) D.P.S.; (B58C-Metabochip) C.P.; E.H.; (BRIGHT) P.B.M.; (CHS) B.M.P.; (CoLaus) P.V.; (deCODE) G.I.E., H.H., I.O.; (DIAGEN) G.M.; (DILGOM) K.S.; (DPS) J.L.; (DR’s EXTRA) P.K.; (EAS) J.L.B.; (EGCUT (Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu)) A.M.; (EGCUT (Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu)) K.F.; (ERF and Rotterdam Study) A.H.; (ERF) C.M.V; (ESS (Erasmus Stroke Study)) E.G.V., H.M.D., P.J.K.; (FBPP) A.C., R.S.C., S.C.H.; (FINCAVAS) T.V.N.; (Framingham) S.K., J.M.O.; (GenomEUTwin: MZGWA) J.B.W.; (GenomEUTwin-FINRISK) V.S.; (GenomEUTwin-FINTWIN) J.K., K.H.; (GenomEUTwin-GENMETS) A.J.; (GenomEUTwin-NLDTWIN) G.W.; (Go-DARTS) A.S.D., A.D.M., C.N.P., L.A.D.; (GxE/Spanish Town) C.A.M., F.B.; (IMPROVE) U.D.; A.H., E.T.; (KORAF3) C.M.; (KORAF4) A.D.; (LifeLines) L.J.; (LOLIPOP) J.S.K., J.C.C.; (LURIC) H.S.; (MDC) L.C.G.; (METSIM) A.S.; (MORGAM) G.C.; (MRC/UVRI GPC GWAS) R.N.N.; (MRC National Survey of Health & Development) D.K.; (NFBC1986) A.R., A-L.H., A.P., M-R.J.; (NSPHS and FRISCII) Å.J.; (NSPHS) U.G.; (ORCADES) S.H.W.; (PARC) Y.I.C., R.M.K.; (PIVUS) E.I., L.L.; (PROMIS) D.F.F.; (Rotterdam Study) A.H.; (SCARFSHEEP) U.D., B.G.; (SEYCHELLES) M.B., M.B., P.B.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.I., N.L.P.; (TAICHI) H.C., C.A.H., Y.H., E.K., S.L., W.H.S.; (THISEAS) G.D., M.D.; (Tromsø) T.W.; (TWINGENE) U.D., E.I.; (ULSAM) E.I.; (WGHS) P.M.R.; (Whitehall II) M.K.</p><p id="P64"><bold>Primary analysis from contributing cohorts</bold></p><p id="P65">(ADVANCE) L.L.W.; (AIDHS/SDS) R.S.; (AMC-PAS) S.K.; (Amish GLGC) J.R.O., M.E.M.; (ARIC) K.A.V.; (B58C-Metabochip) C.M.L., E.H., T.F.; (B58C-WTCCC & B58C-T1DGC) D.P.S.; (BLSA) T.T.; (BRIGHT) T.J.; (CLHNS) Y.W.; (CoLaus) J.S.B.; (deCODE) G.T.; (DIAGEN) A.U.J.; (DILGOM) M.P.; (EAS) R.M.F.; (DPS) A.U.J.; (DR ’S EXTRA) A.U.J.; (EGCUT (Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu)) E.M., K.F., T.E.; (ELY) D.G.; (EPIC) K.S., D.G.; (EPIC_N_OBSET GWAS) E.Y., C.L.; (EPIC_N_SUBCOH GWAS) N.W.; (ERF) A.I.; (ESS (Erasmus Stroke Study)) C.M.V., E.G.V.; (EUROSPAN) A.D.; (Family Heart Study FHS) I.B.B., M.F.F.; (FBPP) A.C., G.B.E.; (FENLAND) T.P., C.P.; (FENLAND GWAS) J.H.Z., J.L.; (FIN-D2D 2007) A.U.J.; (FINCAVAS) L.L.; (Framingham) L.A.C., G.M.P.; (FRISCII and NSPHS) Å.J.; (FUSION stage 2) T.M.T.; (GenomEUTwin-FINRISK) J.K.; (GenomEUTwin-FINTWIN) K.H.; (GenomEUTwin-GENMETS) I.S.; (GenomEUTwin-SWETWIN) P.K.M.; (GenomEUTwin-UK-TWINS) M.M.; (GLACIER) D.S.; (GLACIER) P.W.F.; (Go-DARTS) C.N.P., L.A.D.; (GxE/Spanish Town) C.D.P.; (HUNT) A.U.J.; (IMPROVE) R.J.S.; (InCHIANTI) T.T.; (KORAF3) M.M.; (KORAF4) A.P.; (LifeLines) I.M.N.; (LOLIPOP) W.Z.; (LURIC) M.E.K.; (MDC) B.F.V.; (MDC) P.F., R.D.; (METSIM) A.U.J.; (MRC/UVRI GPC GWAS) R.N.N.; (MRC National Survey of Health & Development) A.W., J.L.; (NFBC1986) M.K., I.S., S.K.S.; (NSPHS and FRISCII) Å.J.; (PARC) X.L.; (PIVUS) C.S., E.I.; (PROMIS) J.D., D.F.F., K.S.; (Rotterdam Study) A.I.; (SardiNIA) C.S., J.L.B., S.S.; (SCARFSHEEP) R.J.S.; (SEYCHELLES) G.B.E., M.B.; (SUVIMAX) T.J.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) 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traits. The number of loci primarily associated with only one trait is listed in parentheses after the trait name and the locus name is listed below in italics. Loci that show association with two or more traits are shown in the appropriate section.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms-524703-f0001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>TABLE 1A</label><caption><title>Novel Loci Primarily Associated with HDL Cholesterol Obtained from Joint GWAS and Metabochip Meta-analysis</title></caption><table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MarkerName</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">hg19<break></break>Position (Mb)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Associated trait(s)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MAF</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor/major<break></break>Allele</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of A1</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint N<break></break>(in 1000s)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint <italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PIGV-NR0B2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12748152</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.14</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL, LDL, TG</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.09</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.051/.050/.037</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187/173/178</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−15</sup>/3×10<sup>−12</sup>/1×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HDGF-PMVK</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12145743</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156.70</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.34</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.020</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">181</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ANGPTL1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4650994</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178.52</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.49</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.021</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CPS1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1047891</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">211.54</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.33</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.027</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">182</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ATG7</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2606736</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.40</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.39</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.025</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SETD2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2290547</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.06</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.20</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.030</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RBM5</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2013208</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.13</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.50</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.025</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">170</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>STAB1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs13326165</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.53</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.21</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.029</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GSK3B</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6805251</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119.56</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.39</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.020</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>C4orf52</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10019888</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.06</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.18</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.027</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FAM13A</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3822072</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.74</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.46</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.025</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADH5</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2602836</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.01</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.44</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.019</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RSPO3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1936800</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127.44</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL, TG<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">a</xref></sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.49</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.020/−.020</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187/168</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−10</sup>/3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DAGLB</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs702485</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.45</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.45</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.024</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SNX13</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4142995</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.92</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.38</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.026</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IKZF1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4917014</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.31</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.32</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.022</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TMEM176A</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17173637</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150.53</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.12</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.036</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MARCH8-ALOX5</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs970548</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.01</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL, TC</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.26</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.026/−.026</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187/187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−10</sup>/8×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>OR4C46</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11246602</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.51</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.15</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.034</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>KAT5</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs12801636</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.39</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.23</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.024</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MOGAT2-DGAT2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs499974</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.46</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.19</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.026</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ZBTB42-AKT1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4983559</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105.28</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.40</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.020</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1121980</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.81</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL, TG</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.43</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.020/−.021</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186/155</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7×10<sup>−9</sup>/3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HAS1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17695224</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.32</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.26</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.029</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−13</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Chr, chromosome;MAF, minor allele frequency; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele.Effect sizes are given with respect to the minor allele (A1) in SD units. For loci associated with two or more traits at genome-wide significance, the trait corresponding to the strongest <italic>P</italic>-value is listed first. At one locus, the secondary trait was most strongly associated with a different SNP:</p><fn id="TFN1"><label>a</label><p id="P66">rs719726 (within 1Mb of rs1936800, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.74).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>TABLE 1B</label><caption><title>Novel Loci Primarily Associated with LDL Cholesterol Obtained from Joint GWAS and Metabochip Meta-analysis</title></caption><table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MarkerName</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">hg19<break></break>Position<break></break>(Mb)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Associated<break></break>trait(s)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MAF</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor/major<break></break>Allele</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of A1</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint N<break></break>(in 1000s)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint <italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ANXA9-CERS2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs267733</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150.96</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.16</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.033</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EHBP1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2710642</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.15</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.35</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.024</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>INSIG2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10490626</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118.84</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TC<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">b</xref></sup></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.051/.042</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173/184</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−12</sup>/6×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LOC84931</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2030746</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121.31</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.40</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.021/.020</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173/187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9×10<sup>−9</sup>/4×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FN1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1250229</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">216.30</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.27</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.024</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CMTM6</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7640978</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.53</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.09</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.039/−.038</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172/186</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ACAD11</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17404153</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132.16</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, HDL<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">c</xref></sup></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.14</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.034/.028</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172/187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−9</sup>/5×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CSNK1G3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4530754</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122.86</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.46</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.028/−.023</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173/187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−12</sup>/2×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MIR148A</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4722551</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.99</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TG<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">d</xref></sup>, TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.20</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.039/.029/.023</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173/187/178</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−14</sup>/9×10<sup>−11</sup>/7.0×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SOX17</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10102164</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.42</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL, TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.21</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.032/.030</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173/187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−11</sup>/5×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BRCA2</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4942486</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.95</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.48</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.024</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>APOH-PRXCA</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1801689</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.21</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.04</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.103</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SPTLC3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs364585</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.96</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.38</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−.025</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SNX5</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2328223</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.85</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.21</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.03</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">171</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MTMR3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs5763662</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.38</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.04</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.077</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">163</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Chr, chromosome;MAF, minor allele frequency; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele.Effect sizes are given with respect to the minor allele (A1) in SD units. For loci associated with two or more traits at genome-wide significance, the trait corresponding to the strongest <italic>P</italic>-value is listed first. At three loci, secondary traits were most strongly associated with different SNPs.</p><fn id="TFN2"><label>b</label><p id="P67">rs17526895 (within 1Mb of rs10490626, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.98);</p></fn><fn id="TFN3"><label>c</label><p id="P68">rs13076253 (within 1Mb of rs17404153, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.00);</p></fn><fn id="TFN4"><label>d</label><p id="P69">rs4719841 (within 1Mb of rs4722551, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.10).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>TABLE 1C</label><caption><title>Novel Loci Primarily Associated with Total Cholesterol Obtained from Joint GWAS and Metabochip Meta-analysis</title></caption><table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MarkerName</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">hg19<break></break>Position<break></break>(Mb)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Associated<break></break>trait(s)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MAF</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor/major<break></break>Allele</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of A1</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint N<break></break>(in 1000s)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint <italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ASAP3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1077514</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.77</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.15</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.03</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ABCB11</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2287623</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">169.83</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.41</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FAM117B</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11694172</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">203.53</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.25</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>UGT1A1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11563251</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">234.68</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC, LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.12</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037/0.034</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187/173</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−9</sup>/5×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PXK</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs13315871</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.38</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.10</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.036</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>KCNK17</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2758886</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.25</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.30</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HBS1L</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9376090</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135.41</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.28</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.025</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GPR146</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1997243</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.16</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VLDLR</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3780181</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.64</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC, LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.044/−0.044</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186/172</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7×10<sup>−10</sup>/2×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VIM-CUBN</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10904908</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.26</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.43</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PHLDB1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11603023</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118.49</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.42</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PHC1-A2ML1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4883201</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.12</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.035</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DLG4</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs314253</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.09</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC, LDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.37</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.023/−0.024</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184/170</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−10</sup>/3×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TOM1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs138777</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.71</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.36</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.021</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPARA</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4253772</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.63</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC, LDL<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">e</xref></sup></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.11</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032/−0.031</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185/171</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup>/3×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Chr, chromosome;MAF, minor allele frequency; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele.Effect sizes are given with respect to the minor allele (A1) in SD units. For loci associated with two or more traits at genome-wide significance, the trait corresponding to the strongest <italic>P</italic>-value is listed first. At one locus, the secondary trait was most strongly associated with a different SNP:</p><fn id="TFN5"><label>e</label><p id="P70">rs4253776 (within 1Mb of rs4253772, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>TABLE 1D</label><caption><title>Novel Loci Primarily Associated with Triglycerides Obtained from Joint GWAS and Metabochip Meta-analysis</title></caption><table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MarkerName</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">hg19<break></break>Position<break></break>(Mb)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Associated<break></break>trait(s)</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MAF</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor/major<break></break>Allele</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of A1</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint N<break></break>(in 1000s)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint P-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LRPAP1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6831256</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.47</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG, TC<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">f</xref></sup>,LDL<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">f</xref></sup></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.42</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026/−0.022/−</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177/173/187</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−12</sup>/1×10<sup>−10</sup>/2×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VEGFA</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs998584</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.76</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG, HDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.49</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029/−0.026</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">175/184</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−15</sup>/2×10<sup>−11</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MET</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs38855</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116.36</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.47</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.019</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AKR1C4</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1832007</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.25</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.18</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.033</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−12</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PDXDC1</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3198697</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.13</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.43</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.020</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MPP3</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs8077889</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.88</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.22</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1×10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>INSR</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7248104</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.22</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.42</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.022</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5×10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PEPD</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs731839</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.90</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG, HDL</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.35</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022/−0.022</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176/185</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3×10<sup>−9</sup>/3×10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Chr, chromosome;MAF, minor allele frequency; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele.Effect sizes are given with respect to the minor allele (A1) in SD units. For loci associated with two or more traits at genome-wide significance, the trait corresponding to the strongest <italic>P</italic>-value is listed first. At one locus, secondary traits were most strongly associated with a different SNP:</p><fn id="TFN6"><label>f</label><p id="P71">rs6818397 (within 1 Mb of rs6831256, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.18).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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