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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways</title><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A" last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welch, Ryan P" sort="Welch, Ryan P" uniqKey="Welch R" first="Ryan P" last="Welch">Ryan P. Welch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E" last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J" last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rehnberg, Emil" sort="Rehnberg, Emil" uniqKey="Rehnberg E" first="Emil" last="Rehnberg">Emil Rehnberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" sort="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" uniqKey="Rasmussen Torvik L" first="Laura J" last="Rasmussen-Torvik">Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lecoeur, Cecile" sort="Lecoeur, Cecile" uniqKey="Lecoeur C" first="Cecile" last="Lecoeur">Cecile Lecoeur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidore, Carlo" sort="Sidore, Carlo" uniqKey="Sidore C" first="Carlo" last="Sidore">Carlo Sidore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Paul C D" sort="Johnson, Paul C D" uniqKey="Johnson P" first="Paul C D" last="Johnson">Paul C D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Departmentt of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke-Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert V" sort="Smith, Albert V" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert V" last="Smith">Albert V. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sennblad, Bengt" sort="Sennblad, Bengt" uniqKey="Sennblad B" first="Bengt" last="Sennblad">Bengt Sennblad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salo, Perttu" sort="Salo, Perttu" uniqKey="Salo P" first="Perttu" last="Salo">Perttu Salo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Helsinki, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J" last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M" last="Evans">David M. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourcain, Beate St" sort="Pourcain, Beate St" uniqKey="Pourcain B" first="Beate St" last="Pourcain">Beate St Pourcain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrews, Jeanette S" sort="Andrews, Jeanette S" uniqKey="Andrews J" first="Jeanette S" last="Andrews">Jeanette S. Andrews</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bielak, Lawrence F" sort="Bielak, Lawrence F" uniqKey="Bielak L" first="Lawrence F" last="Bielak">Lawrence F. Bielak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horikoshi, Momoko" sort="Horikoshi, Momoko" uniqKey="Horikoshi M" first="Momoko" last="Horikoshi">Momoko Horikoshi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, Tonu" sort="Esko, Tonu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="Tönu" last="Esko">Tönu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M" last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raychaudhuri, Soumya" sort="Raychaudhuri, Soumya" uniqKey="Raychaudhuri S" first="Soumya" last="Raychaudhuri">Soumya Raychaudhuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Divisions of Genetics & Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Han" sort="Chen, Han" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Han" last="Chen">Han Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Neil" sort="Robertson, Neil" uniqKey="Robertson N" first="Neil" last="Robertson">Neil Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rybin, Denis" sort="Rybin, Denis" uniqKey="Rybin D" first="Denis" last="Rybin">Denis Rybin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ching Ti" sort="Liu, Ching Ti" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Ching-Ti" last="Liu">Ching-Ti Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S" last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">The Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV, University Hospital, Lausanne Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willems, Sara M" sort="Willems, Sara M" uniqKey="Willems S" first="Sara M" last="Willems">Sara M. Willems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S" last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Hyun Min" sort="Kang, Hyun Min" uniqKey="Kang H" first="Hyun Min" last="Kang">Hyun Min Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Illumina Inc., Chesterford Research Park, Essex, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Centre for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="An, Ping" sort="An, Ping" uniqKey="An P" first="Ping" last="An">Ping An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco Cereceda, Anders" sort="Franco Cereceda, Anders" uniqKey="Franco Cereceda A" first="Anders" last="Franco-Cereceda">Anders Franco-Cereceda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folkersen, Lasse" sort="Folkersen, Lasse" uniqKey="Folkersen L" first="Lasse" last="Folkersen">Lasse Folkersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marullo, Letizia" sort="Marullo, Letizia" uniqKey="Marullo L" first="Letizia" last="Marullo">Letizia Marullo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Hanneke" sort="Jansen, Hanneke" uniqKey="Jansen H" first="Hanneke" last="Jansen">Hanneke Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J" last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology of Emotions, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S" last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E" last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J F" last="Loos">Ruth J F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edkins, Sarah" sort="Edkins, Sarah" uniqKey="Edkins S" first="Sarah" last="Edkins">Sarah Edkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varga, Tibor V" sort="Varga, Tibor V" uniqKey="Varga T" first="Tibor V" last="Varga">Tibor V. Varga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oksa, Heikki" sort="Oksa, Heikki" uniqKey="Oksa H" first="Heikki" last="Oksa">Heikki Oksa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonella, Mulas" sort="Antonella, Mulas" uniqKey="Antonella M" first="Mulas" last="Antonella">Mulas Antonella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" sort="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" uniqKey="Nagaraja R" first="Ramaiah" last="Nagaraja">Ramaiah Nagaraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Departmentt of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J L" last="Bakker">Stephan J L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Augustine" sort="Kong, Augustine" uniqKey="Kong A" first="Augustine" last="Kong">Augustine Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark" sort="Caulfield, Mark" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark" last="Caulfield">Mark Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antti, Jula" sort="Antti, Jula" uniqKey="Antti J" first="Jula" last="Antti">Jula Antti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Small, Kerrin" sort="Small, Kerrin" uniqKey="Small K" first="Kerrin" last="Small">Kerrin Small</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miljkovic, Iva" sort="Miljkovic, Iva" uniqKey="Miljkovic I" first="Iva" last="Miljkovic">Iva Miljkovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atalay, Mustafa" sort="Atalay, Mustafa" uniqKey="Atalay M" first="Mustafa" last="Atalay">Mustafa Atalay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiess, Wieland" sort="Kiess, Wieland" uniqKey="Kiess W" first="Wieland" last="Kiess">Wieland Kiess</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women’s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L" last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G" last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N A" last="Palmer">Colin N A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex S F" sort="Doney, Alex S F" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex S F" last="Doney">Alex S F. Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Johannes H" sort="Smit, Johannes H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Johannes H" last="Smit">Johannes H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Susan" sort="Campbell, Susan" uniqKey="Campbell S" first="Susan" last="Campbell">Susan Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fowkes, Gerard R" sort="Fowkes, Gerard R" uniqKey="Fowkes G" first="Gerard R" last="Fowkes">Gerard R. Fowkes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Geriatric Department Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basart, Hanneke V" sort="Basart, Hanneke V" uniqKey="Basart H" first="Hanneke V" last="Basart">Hanneke V. Basart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathmann, Wolfgang" sort="Rathmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Rathmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Rathmann">Wolfgang Rathmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maerz, Winfried" sort="Maerz, Winfried" uniqKey="Maerz W" first="Winfried" last="Maerz">Winfried Maerz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E" last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study nonprofit LLC, Freiburg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O" last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P" last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Centre for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Province, Michael A" sort="Province, Michael A" uniqKey="Province M" first="Michael A" last="Province">Michael A. Province</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D" last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waterworth, Dawn M" sort="Waterworth, Dawn M" uniqKey="Waterworth D" first="Dawn M" last="Waterworth">Dawn M. Waterworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Richard M" sort="Watanabe, Richard M" uniqKey="Watanabe R" first="Richard M" last="Watanabe">Richard M. Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J C" last="De Geus">Eco J C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W" last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K E" last="Magnusson">Patrik K E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten O" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten O" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten O" last="Kyvik">Kirsten O. Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Odense, Denmark.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Helsinki, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George V" sort="Dedoussis, George V" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George V" last="Dedoussis">George V. Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toenjes, Anke" sort="Toenjes, Anke" uniqKey="Toenjes A" first="Anke" last="Toenjes">Anke Toenjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyser, Patricia A" sort="Peyser, Patricia A" uniqKey="Peyser P" first="Patricia A" last="Peyser">Patricia A. Peyser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korner, Antje" sort="Korner, Antje" uniqKey="Korner A" first="Antje" last="Körner">Antje Körner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women’s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E H" last="Schwarz">Peter E H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A" last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S" last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" sort="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" uniqKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi S" first="Sirkka M" last="Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi">Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saaristo, Timo E" sort="Saaristo, Timo E" uniqKey="Saaristo T" first="Timo E" last="Saaristo">Timo E. Saaristo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dupuis, Josee" sort="Dupuis, Josee" uniqKey="Dupuis J" first="Josée" last="Dupuis">Josée Dupuis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L" last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sattar, Naveed" sort="Sattar, Naveed" uniqKey="Sattar N" first="Naveed" last="Sattar">Naveed Sattar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">British Heart Foundation (BHF) Building, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Inserm, Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" sort="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" uniqKey="Bouatia Naji N" first="Nabila" last="Bouatia-Naji">Nabila Bouatia-Naji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meigs, James B" sort="Meigs, James B" uniqKey="Meigs J" first="James B" last="Meigs">James B. Meigs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M" last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Florez, Jose C" sort="Florez, Jose C" uniqKey="Florez J" first="Jose C" last="Florez">Jose C. Florez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22885924</idno><idno type="pmc">3433394</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433394</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3433394</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.2385</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E19</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E19</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways</title><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A" last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagou, Vasiliki" sort="Lagou, Vasiliki" uniqKey="Lagou V" first="Vasiliki" last="Lagou">Vasiliki Lagou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welch, Ryan P" sort="Welch, Ryan P" uniqKey="Welch R" first="Ryan P" last="Welch">Ryan P. Welch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montasser, May E" sort="Montasser, May E" uniqKey="Montasser M" first="May E" last="Montasser">May E. Montasser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strawbridge, Rona J" sort="Strawbridge, Rona J" uniqKey="Strawbridge R" first="Rona J" last="Strawbridge">Rona J. Strawbridge</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rehnberg, Emil" sort="Rehnberg, Emil" uniqKey="Rehnberg E" first="Emil" last="Rehnberg">Emil Rehnberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" sort="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" uniqKey="Rasmussen Torvik L" first="Laura J" last="Rasmussen-Torvik">Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lecoeur, Cecile" sort="Lecoeur, Cecile" uniqKey="Lecoeur C" first="Cecile" last="Lecoeur">Cecile Lecoeur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shungin, Dmitry" sort="Shungin, Dmitry" uniqKey="Shungin D" first="Dmitry" last="Shungin">Dmitry Shungin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidore, Carlo" sort="Sidore, Carlo" uniqKey="Sidore C" first="Carlo" last="Sidore">Carlo Sidore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Paul C D" sort="Johnson, Paul C D" uniqKey="Johnson P" first="Paul C D" last="Johnson">Paul C D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Departmentt of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke-Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sonia" sort="Shah, Sonia" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sonia" last="Shah">Sonia Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert V" sort="Smith, Albert V" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert V" last="Smith">Albert V. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sennblad, Bengt" sort="Sennblad, Bengt" uniqKey="Sennblad B" first="Bengt" last="Sennblad">Bengt Sennblad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salo, Perttu" sort="Salo, Perttu" uniqKey="Salo P" first="Perttu" last="Salo">Perttu Salo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Helsinki, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J" last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M" last="Evans">David M. Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourcain, Beate St" sort="Pourcain, Beate St" uniqKey="Pourcain B" first="Beate St" last="Pourcain">Beate St Pourcain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrews, Jeanette S" sort="Andrews, Jeanette S" uniqKey="Andrews J" first="Jeanette S" last="Andrews">Jeanette S. Andrews</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bielak, Lawrence F" sort="Bielak, Lawrence F" uniqKey="Bielak L" first="Lawrence F" last="Bielak">Lawrence F. Bielak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horikoshi, Momoko" sort="Horikoshi, Momoko" uniqKey="Horikoshi M" first="Momoko" last="Horikoshi">Momoko Horikoshi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Aaron" sort="Isaacs, Aaron" uniqKey="Isaacs A" first="Aaron" last="Isaacs">Aaron Isaacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stirrups, Kathleen" sort="Stirrups, Kathleen" uniqKey="Stirrups K" first="Kathleen" last="Stirrups">Kathleen Stirrups</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, Tonu" sort="Esko, Tonu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="Tönu" last="Esko">Tönu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Ross M" sort="Fraser, Ross M" uniqKey="Fraser R" first="Ross M" last="Fraser">Ross M. Fraser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fall, Tove" sort="Fall, Tove" uniqKey="Fall T" first="Tove" last="Fall">Tove Fall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raychaudhuri, Soumya" sort="Raychaudhuri, Soumya" uniqKey="Raychaudhuri S" first="Soumya" last="Raychaudhuri">Soumya Raychaudhuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Divisions of Genetics & Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Han" sort="Chen, Han" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Han" last="Chen">Han Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Neil" sort="Robertson, Neil" uniqKey="Robertson N" first="Neil" last="Robertson">Neil Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rybin, Denis" sort="Rybin, Denis" uniqKey="Rybin D" first="Denis" last="Rybin">Denis Rybin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ching Ti" sort="Liu, Ching Ti" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Ching-Ti" last="Liu">Ching-Ti Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S" last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">The Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV, University Hospital, Lausanne Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willems, Sara M" sort="Willems, Sara M" uniqKey="Willems S" first="Sara M" last="Willems">Sara M. Willems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S" last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Hyun Min" sort="Kang, Hyun Min" uniqKey="Kang H" first="Hyun Min" last="Kang">Hyun Min Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Illumina Inc., Chesterford Research Park, Essex, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Centre for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="An, Ping" sort="An, Ping" uniqKey="An P" first="Ping" last="An">Ping An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco Cereceda, Anders" sort="Franco Cereceda, Anders" uniqKey="Franco Cereceda A" first="Anders" last="Franco-Cereceda">Anders Franco-Cereceda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folkersen, Lasse" sort="Folkersen, Lasse" uniqKey="Folkersen L" first="Lasse" last="Folkersen">Lasse Folkersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marullo, Letizia" sort="Marullo, Letizia" uniqKey="Marullo L" first="Letizia" last="Marullo">Letizia Marullo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Hanneke" sort="Jansen, Hanneke" uniqKey="Jansen H" first="Hanneke" last="Jansen">Hanneke Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J" last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology of Emotions, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruinenberg, Marcel" sort="Bruinenberg, Marcel" uniqKey="Bruinenberg M" first="Marcel" last="Bruinenberg">Marcel Bruinenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S" last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E" last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J F" last="Loos">Ruth J F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edkins, Sarah" sort="Edkins, Sarah" uniqKey="Edkins S" first="Sarah" last="Edkins">Sarah Edkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varga, Tibor V" sort="Varga, Tibor V" uniqKey="Varga T" first="Tibor V" last="Varga">Tibor V. Varga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oksa, Heikki" sort="Oksa, Heikki" uniqKey="Oksa H" first="Heikki" last="Oksa">Heikki Oksa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonella, Mulas" sort="Antonella, Mulas" uniqKey="Antonella M" first="Mulas" last="Antonella">Mulas Antonella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" sort="Nagaraja, Ramaiah" uniqKey="Nagaraja R" first="Ramaiah" last="Nagaraja">Ramaiah Nagaraja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Departmentt of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Stephan J L" sort="Bakker, Stephan J L" uniqKey="Bakker S" first="Stephan J L" last="Bakker">Stephan J L. Bakker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Augustine" sort="Kong, Augustine" uniqKey="Kong A" first="Augustine" last="Kong">Augustine Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gigante, Bruna" sort="Gigante, Bruna" uniqKey="Gigante B" first="Bruna" last="Gigante">Bruna Gigante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark" sort="Caulfield, Mark" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark" last="Caulfield">Mark Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antti, Jula" sort="Antti, Jula" uniqKey="Antti J" first="Jula" last="Antti">Jula Antti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Small, Kerrin" sort="Small, Kerrin" uniqKey="Small K" first="Kerrin" last="Small">Kerrin Small</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miljkovic, Iva" sort="Miljkovic, Iva" uniqKey="Miljkovic I" first="Iva" last="Miljkovic">Iva Miljkovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atalay, Mustafa" sort="Atalay, Mustafa" uniqKey="Atalay M" first="Mustafa" last="Atalay">Mustafa Atalay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiess, Wieland" sort="Kiess, Wieland" uniqKey="Kiess W" first="Wieland" last="Kiess">Wieland Kiess</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women’s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L" last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G" last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N A" last="Palmer">Colin N A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex S F" sort="Doney, Alex S F" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex S F" last="Doney">Alex S F. Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Johannes H" sort="Smit, Johannes H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Johannes H" last="Smit">Johannes H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Susan" sort="Campbell, Susan" uniqKey="Campbell S" first="Susan" last="Campbell">Susan Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, Maria" sort="Dimitriou, Maria" uniqKey="Dimitriou M" first="Maria" last="Dimitriou">Maria Dimitriou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolton, Jennifer L" sort="Bolton, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bolton">Jennifer L. Bolton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fowkes, Gerard R" sort="Fowkes, Gerard R" uniqKey="Fowkes G" first="Gerard R" last="Fowkes">Gerard R. Fowkes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Jaana" sort="Lindstrom, Jaana" uniqKey="Lindstrom J" first="Jaana" last="Lindström">Jaana Lindström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Geriatric Department Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basart, Hanneke V" sort="Basart, Hanneke V" uniqKey="Basart H" first="Hanneke V" last="Basart">Hanneke V. Basart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathmann, Wolfgang" sort="Rathmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Rathmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Rathmann">Wolfgang Rathmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maerz, Winfried" sort="Maerz, Winfried" uniqKey="Maerz W" first="Winfried" last="Maerz">Winfried Maerz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E" last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study nonprofit LLC, Freiburg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, Bernhard O" sort="Boehm, Bernhard O" uniqKey="Boehm B" first="Bernhard O" last="Boehm">Bernhard O. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter P" sort="Pramstaller, Peter P" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter P" last="Pramstaller">Peter P. Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Centre for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Province, Michael A" sort="Province, Michael A" uniqKey="Province M" first="Michael A" last="Province">Michael A. Province</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D" last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waterworth, Dawn M" sort="Waterworth, Dawn M" uniqKey="Waterworth D" first="Dawn M" last="Waterworth">Dawn M. Waterworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Richard M" sort="Watanabe, Richard M" uniqKey="Watanabe R" first="Richard M" last="Watanabe">Richard M. Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J C" last="De Geus">Eco J C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W" last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uusitupa, Matti" sort="Uusitupa, Matti" uniqKey="Uusitupa M" first="Matti" last="Uusitupa">Matti Uusitupa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K E" last="Magnusson">Patrik K E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten O" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten O" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten O" last="Kyvik">Kirsten O. Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Odense, Denmark.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Helsinki, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George V" sort="Dedoussis, George V" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George V" last="Dedoussis">George V. Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toenjes, Anke" sort="Toenjes, Anke" uniqKey="Toenjes A" first="Anke" last="Toenjes">Anke Toenjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyser, Patricia A" sort="Peyser, Patricia A" uniqKey="Peyser P" first="Patricia A" last="Peyser">Patricia A. Peyser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korner, Antje" sort="Korner, Antje" uniqKey="Korner A" first="Antje" last="Körner">Antje Körner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women’s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter E H" sort="Schwarz, Peter E H" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter E H" last="Schwarz">Peter E H. Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A" last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S" last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Faire, Ulf" sort="De Faire, Ulf" uniqKey="De Faire U" first="Ulf" last="De Faire">Ulf De Faire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon" sort="Hingorani, Aroon" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon" last="Hingorani">Aroon Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" sort="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M" uniqKey="Keinanen Kiukaanniemi S" first="Sirkka M" last="Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi">Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saaristo, Timo E" sort="Saaristo, Timo E" uniqKey="Saaristo T" first="Timo E" last="Saaristo">Timo E. Saaristo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dupuis, Josee" sort="Dupuis, Josee" uniqKey="Dupuis J" first="Josée" last="Dupuis">Josée Dupuis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L" last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sattar, Naveed" sort="Sattar, Naveed" uniqKey="Sattar N" first="Naveed" last="Sattar">Naveed Sattar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">British Heart Foundation (BHF) Building, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Inserm, Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" sort="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" uniqKey="Bouatia Naji N" first="Nabila" last="Bouatia-Naji">Nabila Bouatia-Naji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meigs, James B" sort="Meigs, James B" uniqKey="Meigs J" first="James B" last="Meigs">James B. Meigs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teslovich, Tanya M" sort="Teslovich, Tanya M" uniqKey="Teslovich T" first="Tanya M" last="Teslovich">Tanya M. Teslovich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Florez, Jose C" sort="Florez, Jose C" uniqKey="Florez J" first="Jose C" last="Florez">Jose C. Florez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Through genome-wide association meta-analyses of up to 133,010 individuals of European ancestry without diabetes, including individuals newly genotyped using the Metabochip, we have raised the number of confirmed loci influencing glycemic traits to 53, of which 33 also increase type 2 diabetes risk (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05). Loci influencing fasting insulin showed association with lipid levels and fat distribution, suggesting impact on insulin resistance. Gene-based analyses identified further biologically plausible loci, suggesting that additional loci beyond those reaching genome-wide significance are likely to represent real associations. This conclusion is supported by an excess of directionally consistent and nominally significant signals between discovery and follow-up studies. 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hamsten</surname><given-names>Anders</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A139">139</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gudnason</surname><given-names>Vilmundur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kivimaki</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hingorani</surname><given-names>Aroon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi</surname><given-names>Sirkka M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A140">140</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A141">141</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saaristo</surname><given-names>Timo E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A142">142</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boomsma</surname><given-names>Dorret I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stefansson</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Harst</surname><given-names>Pim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dupuis</surname><given-names>Josée</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A143">143</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedersen</surname><given-names>Nancy L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sattar</surname><given-names>Naveed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A144">144</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>Tamara B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A145">145</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cucca</surname><given-names>Francesco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ripatti</surname><given-names>Samuli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A146">146</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A147">147</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A148">148</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salomaa</surname><given-names>Veikko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A149">149</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balkau</surname><given-names>Beverley</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A150">150</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A151">151</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Froguel</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A152">152</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pouta</surname><given-names>Anneli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A153">153</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A154">154</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jarvelin</surname><given-names>Marjo-Riitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A154">154</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A155">155</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A156">156</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A157">157</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname><given-names>Nicholas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouatia-Naji</surname><given-names>Nabila</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A158">158</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A159">159</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franks</surname><given-names>Paul W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A160">160</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meigs</surname><given-names>James B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A161">161</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A162">162</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teslovich</surname><given-names>Tanya M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Florez</surname><given-names>Jose C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A162">162</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A165">165</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">168</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langenberg</surname><given-names>Claudia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">168</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ingelsson</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">168</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>Inga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">168</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso</surname><given-names>Inês</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A166">166</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A167">167</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">168</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Departmentt of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>deCODE genetics, Rekjavik, Iceland.</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavìk, Iceland.</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>University of Helsinki, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>MRC Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE) Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Divisions of Genetics & Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>The Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV, University Hospital, Lausanne Switzerland.</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA.</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Illumina Inc., Chesterford Research Park, Essex, UK.</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Centre for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology of Emotions, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London UK.</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women’s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing of the Netherlands (NCHAH) of the Genomics Initiative (NGI), Leiden, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Leipzig, Germany.</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Geriatric Department Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence Italy.</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Department Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>The members of this consortium are listed in the<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Note</xref>.</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany.</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study nonprofit LLC, Freiburg, Germany.</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.</aff><aff id="A109"><label>109</label>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</aff><aff id="A110"><label>110</label>Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.</aff><aff id="A111"><label>111</label>Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.</aff><aff id="A112"><label>112</label>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.</aff><aff id="A113"><label>113</label>Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A114"><label>114</label>South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A115"><label>115</label>Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</aff><aff id="A116"><label>116</label>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria.</aff><aff id="A117"><label>117</label>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</aff><aff id="A118"><label>118</label>Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.</aff><aff id="A119"><label>119</label>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</aff><aff id="A120"><label>120</label>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.</aff><aff id="A121"><label>121</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</aff><aff id="A122"><label>122</label>Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.</aff><aff id="A123"><label>123</label>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="A124"><label>124</label>Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A125"><label>125</label>Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A126"><label>126</label>Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark.</aff><aff id="A127"><label>127</label>Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Odense, Denmark.</aff><aff id="A128"><label>128</label>Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A129"><label>129</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A130"><label>130</label>U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.</aff><aff id="A131"><label>131</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A132"><label>132</label>Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A133"><label>133</label>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A134"><label>134</label>Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.</aff><aff id="A135"><label>135</label>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A136"><label>136</label>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</aff><aff id="A137"><label>137</label>Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.</aff><aff id="A138"><label>138</label>Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</aff><aff id="A139"><label>139</label>Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff><aff id="A140"><label>140</label>Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A141"><label>141</label>Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A142"><label>142</label>Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.</aff><aff id="A143"><label>143</label>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A144"><label>144</label>British Heart Foundation (BHF) Building, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.</aff><aff id="A145"><label>145</label>Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.</aff><aff id="A146"><label>146</label>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A147"><label>147</label>Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A148"><label>148</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.</aff><aff id="A149"><label>149</label>Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</aff><aff id="A150"><label>150</label>Inserm, Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France.</aff><aff id="A151"><label>151</label>University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.</aff><aff id="A152"><label>152</label>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A153"><label>153</label>Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A154"><label>154</label>Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A155"><label>155</label>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A156"><label>156</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.</aff><aff id="A157"><label>157</label>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.</aff><aff id="A158"><label>158</label>Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France.</aff><aff id="A159"><label>159</label>Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.</aff><aff id="A160"><label>160</label>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A161"><label>161</label>General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A162"><label>162</label>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A163"><label>163</label>Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A164"><label>164</label>Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A165"><label>165</label>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</aff><aff id="A166"><label>166</label>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</aff><aff id="A167"><label>167</label>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Correspondence should be addressed to J.C.F. (<email>jcflorez@partners.org</email>), C.L. (<email>claudia.langenberg@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk</email>), E.I. (<email>erik.ingelsson@ki.se</email>), I.P. (<email>inga@well.ox.ac.uk</email>) or I.B. (<email>ib1@sanger.ac.uk</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="equal" id="FN1"><label>168</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="FN2"><p id="P49"><bold>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Writing group:</bold> R.A.S, V.La, R.P.W, E.Wh, M.M, R.J.S, N.Bo, M.I.M, P.W.F, J.B.M, T.M.T, J.C.F, C.L, E.In, I.P and I.Ba wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.</p><p id="P50"><bold>Project design, management and coordination:</bold> (AGES) V.Gu., T.B.H.; (ALSPAC) G.D.S.; (AMC-PAS) G.K.H.; (Amish) A.R.S.; (ASAP) L.Fo.; (ASCOT) M.Ca., P.B.M.; (BLSA) L.Fe.; (BSN) J.P.B.; (CHS) B.M.P.; (CLHNS) L.S.A., K.L.M.; (CoLaus) P.Vo.; (CROATIA-Vis) N.D.H., I.Ru.; (deCODE) K.St.; (DESIR) B.Ba., P.Fr.; (DIAGEN) S.R.B., P.E.H.S.; (DPS) M.Uu.; (DR’s EXTRA) T.A.L., R.Ra.; (EAS) J.F.P.; (EGCUT) A.Me.; (Ely/Fenland) N.J.W., N.G.F, C.La., R.J.F.L., ; (ERF) B.A.O.; (FIN-D2D 2007) S.M.K., T.E.S.; (FINRISK/DILGOM) S.Ri., V.Sa.; (FamHS) M.A.P., I.B.B.; (Framingham Heart Study) J.B.M.; (FUSION) R.N.B., M.Boe., F.S.C., K.L.M., J. Tu., R.M.W.; (GEMs) D.M.W.; (GENOA) P.A.P.; (GenomEUtwin) D.I.B., J.Ka., K.O.K., P.K.E.M., N.L.P.; (GLACIER) I.Ba., P.W.F., T.V.V.; (GRAIL) S.Ra.; (Health ABC) T.B.H.; (InChianti) L.Fe.; (KORA F3) A.Pe.; (KORA F4) T.Il.; (LEIPZIG_ADULT_IFB) A.To.; (LEIPZIG_CHILDHOOD_IFB) A.Kö., W.Ki., ; (LURIC) W.Ma., B.O.B; (METSIM) J.Ku., M.La.; (MICROS) P.P.P.; (NFBC66) M.Ja., M.I.M.; (NFBC86) M.Ja., M.I.M., A.Po.; (NTRNESDA) D.I.B., E.J.C.D., B.W.P.; (ORCADES-Discovery) H.Ca.; (ORCADES-Metabochip) J.F.W., A.F.W.; (PIVUS) E.In., L.Li.; (PREVEND) P.Va.; (PROCARDIS) M.Fa., H.Wa.; (PROSPER) N.Sa.; (Rotterdam) A.Ho., C.M.V.; (SardiNIA) F.Cu.; (SCARFSHEEP) U.De., A.Ha.; (SORBS) I.Pr., M.St., A.To.; (SUVIMAX) P.Me.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.In.; (THISEAS) G.V.D.; (THISEAS-PROMIS-AMCPAS) P.De.; (TRAILS) A.J.O.; (TwinsUK) T.D.S.; (GoDARTS) A.Mo.; (ULSAM) E.In.; (Whitehall II) A.Hi., M.Ki.</p><p id="P51"><bold>Sample collection and phenotyping:</bold> (AGES) V.Gu., T.B.H.; (AMC-PAS) H.V.B.; (Amish) A.R.S.; (ARIC) J.S.P.; (BSN) J.P.B., J.Hu., A.L.J.; (CHS) B.M.P.; (CLHNS) L.S.A.; (CoLaus) P.Vo.; (CROATIA-Korcula) O.Po.; (DESIR) B.Ba.; (DPS) J.Li.; (EAS) G.R.F., J.F.P.; (EGCUT) A.Me.; (Ely/Fenland) N.J.W, N.G.F.; (ERF) B.A.O.; (FINRISK/DILGOM) H.Ok., V.Sa.; (Framingham Heart Study) J.C.F., J.B.M.; (GEMs) D.M.W.; (GenomEUtwin) D.I.B., J.Ka., K.O.K., P.K.E.M., N.L.P.; (GLACIER) G.Ha.; (Health ABC) I.Mi.; (Health 2000) J.An., M.Pe.; (InChianti) S.Ba.; (KORA F3) W.Ra.; (KORA F4) C.He.; (LEIPZIG_ADULT_IFB) P.Ko., A.To.; (LEIPZIG_CHILDHOOD_IFB) W.Ki., A.Kö.; (METSIM) J.Ku., M.La.; (MICROS) P.P.P.; (NTRNESDA) J.H.S., G.Wi.; (ORCADES-Discovery) S.H.W.; (ORCADES-Metabochip) J.F.W.; (PIVUS) E.In., L.Li.; (PREVEND) S.J.L.B.; (PROSPER) J.W.J.; (Rotterdam) A.Ho., C.M.V.; (SORBS) A.To.; (SUVIMAX) S.He.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.In., N.L.P.; (THISEAS) M.Di.; (TwinsUK) T.D.S.; (GoDARTS) A.Do., C.Pa.; (ULSAM) E.In.</p><p id="P52"><bold>Genotyping:</bold> (ARIC) K.E.N.; (BSN) J.P.B., J.Hu.; (CoLaus) J.S.B.; (CROATIA-Korcula) S.Ca.; (CROATIA-Split) C.Ha., T.Ze.; (CROATIA-Vis) N.D.H.; (DESIR) N.Bo., P.Fr.; (DR’s EXTRA) M.At.; (EAS) J.L.B.; (EGCUT) T.Es.; (Ely/Fenland) C.La., R.J.F.L., N.J.W.; (ERF) A.M.I., B.A.O.; (FINRISK/DILGOM) S.Ri.; (Framingham Heart Study) J.Du., J.C.F., J.B.M.; (FUSION) L.L.B.; (GEMs) D.MW.; (GenomEUtwin) D.I.B., J.Ho., J.Ka., K.O.K., P.K.E.M., N.L.P.; (GLACIER) S.Ed.; (Health ABC) Y.Li.; (KORA F3) M.Mü.; (KORA F4) T.Il.; (LEIPZIG_CHILDHOOD_IFB) A.Kö.; (MICROS) A.A.H.; (NTRNESDA) J.Ho., B.W.P., G.Wi.; (ORCADES-Discovery) H.Ca.; (ORCADES-Metabochip) J.F.W., A.F.W.; (PIVUS) E.In.; (PREVEND) P.Va.; (PROSPER) S.Tr., J.W.J.; (Rotterdam) F.Ri., A.G.U.; (SardiNIA) M.An., R.Na.; (SCARFSHEEP) B.Gi.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) E.In., N.L.P.; (THISEAS-PROMIS-AMCPAS) K.St.; (TRAILS) M.Br.; (TwinsUK) M.Ma., K.Sm.; (GoDARTS) A.Do., C.Pa.; (ULSAM) E.In.; (Whitehall II) M.Ku., C.La., N.J.W.</p><p id="P53"><bold>Statistical analysis:</bold> (AGES) A.V.S.; (ALSPAC) D.M.E., B.St., N.J.T.; (Amish) M.E.M., J.R.O.; (ARIC) L.J.R.; (ASAP) A.Fr.; (ASCOT) T.Jo.; (BLSA) T.Ta.; (BSN) J.P.B., J.Hu.; (CLHNS) Y.Wu.; (CoLaus) J.S.B.; (CROATIA-Korcula) P.Na.; (CROATIOA-Split) C.Ha., V.Vi.; (deCODE) A.Ko., G.Th.; (DESIR) N.Bu., C.Le., L.Ye.; (EGCUT) T.Es., E.Mi.; (Ely/Fenland) J.Lu., R.A.S.; (ERF) A.M.I.; (FINRISK/DILGOM) S.Ri.; (FamHS) P.An.; (Framingham Heart Study) H.Ch., J.Du., C.Li., D.Ry.; (FUSION) P.S.C., A.U.J., H.Ka., H.M.S., T.M.T., R.P.W.; (GEMs) K.So.; (GENOA) L.F.B., W.Zh; (GenomEUtwin) J.Ho.; (GLACIER) D.Sh., E.Wh.; (Health ABC) J.S.A.; (Health 2000) M.Pe., P.Sa.; (InChianti) T.Ta. (KORA F3) M.Mü.; (KORA F4) C.Gi.; (LEIPZIG_ADULT_IFB) A.Ma.; (LEIPZIG_CHILDHOOD_IFB) A.Ma.; (LURIC) M.E.K.; (MICROS) A.A.H.; (NFBC66) C.M.L., A.P.M., I.Pr.; (NFBC86) V.La., I.Pr., N.W.R., N.Ro.; (NTRNESDA) J.Ho.; (ORCADES-Metabochip) R.M.F.; (PIVUS) E.In., E.Re.; (PREVEND) P.Va., N.Ve.; (PROCARDIS) M.Fa., A.Go, J.F.P.; (PROSPER) I.Fo., P.C.D.J., J.W.J.; (Rotterdam) S.M.W.; (SardiNIA) S.Sa., C.Si.; (SCARFSHEEP) R.J.S.; (SORBS) M.Re.; (SUVIMAX) T.Jo.; (Swedish Twin Reg.) T.Fa., E.In.; (THISEAS-PROMIS-AMCPAS) S.Ka., K.St.; (TRAILS) H.Ja.; (GoDARTS) A.Do., M.Ho., C.Pa.; (ULSAM) S.Gu., E.In., E.Re.; (Whitehall II) J.Lu., S.Sh.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>9</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>991</fpage><lpage>1005</lpage><permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P2">Through genome-wide association meta-analyses of up to 133,010 individuals of European ancestry without diabetes, including individuals newly genotyped using the Metabochip, we have raised the number of confirmed loci influencing glycemic traits to 53, of which 33 also increase type 2 diabetes risk (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05). Loci influencing fasting insulin showed association with lipid levels and fat distribution, suggesting impact on insulin resistance. Gene-based analyses identified further biologically plausible loci, suggesting that additional loci beyond those reaching genome-wide significance are likely to represent real associations. This conclusion is supported by an excess of directionally consistent and nominally significant signals between discovery and follow-up studies. Functional follow-up of these newly discovered loci will further improve our understanding of glycemic control.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United Kingdom">Wellcome Trust : </funding-source><award-id>098051 || WT</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United Kingdom">Medical Research Council : </funding-source><award-id>U.1061.00.001 (79471) || MRC_</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body><p id="P3">The Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) previously undertook meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of glycemic traits in non-diabetic individuals, leading to the discovery of multiple associated loci: 16 for fasting glucose concentrations, two for fasting insulin concentrations and five for post-challenge glucose concentrations (2hGlu)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref></sup>. These and subsequent studies highlighted important biological pathways implicated in glucose and insulin regulation<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref></sup>. They also demonstrated that some, but not all, loci associated with glycemic traits in non-diabetic individuals also affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref></sup>. Despite the success of these efforts, the identification of new loci was limited by <italic>de novo</italic> genotyping capacity and cost, such that only a limited number of promising loci from discovery analyses were taken forward to follow-up analyses (often those reaching a threshold of ~<italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−5</sup> in discovery). Therefore, it is likely that many additional associations with common, low penetrance variants remain to be found among SNPs not previously selected for replication<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P4">The Illumina CardioMetabochip (Metabochip) is a custom Illumina iSELECT array of 196,725 SNPs developed to support cost-effective large-scale follow-up studies of putative association signals for a range cardiovascular and metabolic traits (~66,000 SNPs) and to fine-map established loci (~120,000 SNPs) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref></sup>. The ~66,000 follow-up SNPs were selected to enable genotyping of the most significant association signals for each of 23 metabolic traits contributed by a range of consortia. MAGIC contributed ~5,000 top ranking SNPs for fasting glucose, and ~1,000 each for fasting insulin and 2hGlu that had shown nominal association in discovery analyses (<italic>P<sub>discovery</sub></italic> < 0.02)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P5">In the present study, we combined newly available samples with genotype data for these 66,000 follow-up SNPs with previous discovery meta-analyses to discover new association signals with glycemic traits. This approach identified 41 glycemic associations not previously described<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>: 20 for fasting glucose, 17 for fasting insulin and four for 2hGlu. This raises the number of associated loci to 36 for fasting glucose, 19 for fasting insulin and 9 for 2hGlu, explaining 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.7% of the variance in these traits, respectively. Of these 53 non-overlapping loci, 33 were also associated with T2D (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05), which while supporting the previous assertion of an imperfect correlation between these traits, also implicates new loci in the etiology of T2D and increases the overlap between glycemic and T2D loci.</p><sec sec-type="results" id="S1"><title>RESULTS</title><sec id="S2"><title>Approaches to identify loci associated with glycemic traits</title><p id="P6">To follow up loci showing evidence of association (<italic>P<sub>stage one</sub></italic> < 0.02) in discovery GWAS, we investigated the 66,000 Metabochip follow-up SNPs for association with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2hGlu. We combined in meta-analysis data from up to 133,010 (fasting glucose), 108,557 (fasting insulin) and 42,854 (2hGlu) non-diabetic individuals of European ancestry, including individuals from the previous meta-analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>, individuals from new GWAS and individuals newly genotyped on the Metabochip array (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 2</xref>). All study characteristics are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>. Genome-wide association data for Filipino women were available (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>), for which we report the effect directions and allele frequencies in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 2a,b</xref>. Genome-wide significant (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) association signals located more than 500 kb from, and not in LD (Hapmap CEU: <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> < 0.05) with, any variant already known to be associated with the trait were considered novel. Associated loci are referred to by the name of the nearest gene, unless a more biologically plausible gene was nearby, or a nearby gene was previously associated with another trait. In such cases, we list the nearest genes in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 2a-d</xref>. As body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for T2D and is correlated with glycemic traits, we also performed analyses adjusted for BMI.</p><p id="P7">Though not the main focus of this effort, given the increased variant density available on the Metabochip for established glycemic loci, we investigated whether these data would enable fine-mapping of underlying functional variants<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref></sup>. In these analyses, we included data from up to 53,622 individuals for fasting glucose, 42,384 for fasting insulin and 27,602 for 2hGlu from studies with Metabochip genotypes only. However, given the lack of samples from different ancestries and the absence of full conditional analyses, for the most part these analyses did not improve the resolution of association signals.</p><p id="P8">Beyond individual SNP investigations for each glycemic trait, we also tested the hypothesis that gene-based analyses using VEGAS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref></sup> would identify genes that harbor multiple association signals, which individually did not reach genome-wide significance. Among the ~66,000 SNPs, we used VEGAS to pool the results for all SNPs within each gene (± 50 kb) to identify genes with more evidence of association than expected by chance (given gene size and linkage disequilibrium structure) by simulation, and significant after Bonferroni-correction for multiple testing (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−6</sup>).</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Fasting glucose</title><p id="P9">In analyses of up to 133,010 individuals, we identified 20 loci with genome-wide significant associations to fasting glucose (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figs. 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">4</xref>) and confirmed previously established loci<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 2e</xref>). Of these 20 loci, nine (in or near <italic>IBKAP</italic>, <italic>LOC728489</italic>, <italic>WARS</italic>, <italic>KL, TOP1</italic>, <italic>P2RX2</italic>, <italic>AMT</italic>, <italic>RREB1</italic> and <italic>GLS2</italic>) had not previously been associated with other metabolic traits (<xref ref-type="boxed-text" rid="BX1">Box 1</xref>). Among these, <italic>KL</italic> (Klotho) is of particular interest. In addition to being associated with fasting glucose (but not fasting insulin), the glucose-raising allele is also associated with an increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.08 (1.04-1.11), <italic>P</italic> = 1.1 × 10<sup>−5</sup>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). <italic>KL</italic> was first identified as a gene related to suppression of aging: its reduced expression was associated with reduced lifespan, as well as hypoglycemia<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref></sup>. Despite further animal studies supporting a role for <italic>KL</italic> in glucose metabolism<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref></sup> and insulin sensitivity<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref></sup>, human studies have generally been small and inconclusive<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P10">We also identified new associations with fasting glucose in regions previously associated with other metabolic traits or disease outcomes, including T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref></sup> (<italic>ARAP1</italic>, <italic>CDKN2B, GRB10</italic>, <italic>CDKAL1</italic>, <italic>IGF2BP2</italic> and <italic>ZBED3</italic>, which was identified in BMI-adjusted models) and 2hGlu<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup> (<italic>GIPR</italic>), as well as confirming the recently identified signals for fasting glucose<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref></sup> at <italic>FOXA2</italic>, <italic>PPP1R3B, PCSK1</italic> and <italic>PDX1</italic>. FOXA2 is a forkhead transcription factor that regulates <italic>PDX1</italic> expression, while <italic>PDX1</italic> encodes a transcription factor critical for pancreatic development<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">20</xref></sup>. <italic>PDX1</italic> mutations have been linked to MODY4 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">21</xref>), pancreatic agenesis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">22</xref></sup> and permanent neonatal diabetes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">23</xref></sup>, although we observed no significant association with T2D in DIAGRAM Metabochip analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">24</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p><p id="P11">Given the overlap between genetic loci for fasting glucose and other metabolic traits, we performed a systematic look-up of all glycemic loci and their associations with other metabolic traits using data available through other consortia<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">25</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref></sup>. In DIAGRAM Metabochip analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">24</xref></sup>, 22 (>60%) of the now 36 genome-wide significant fasting glucose loci showed association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05; FDR <italic>q</italic> < 0.05) with T2D (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). In all cases, the glucose-raising allele was associated with increased risk of T2D, yet the fasting glucose effect size and T2D odds ratio were weakly correlated (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2a</xref>).</p><p id="P12">Gene-based analyses confirmed many of the loci identified in individual SNP analyses (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 3a</xref>) and identified another nine genomic regions (containing 14 genes) with significant association signals (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−6</sup>), including some with biological candidacy, such as the <italic>HKDC1</italic> gene, encoding a putative hexokinase<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R28">28</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Fasting insulin</title><p id="P13">In 108,557 individuals, we identified 17 additional loci with genome-wide significant associations to fasting insulin and confirmed known associations<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup>. These newly identified loci include variants in or near <italic>HIP1</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic>, YSK4, <italic>PEPD</italic> and <italic>FAM13A1</italic> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="boxed-text" rid="BX1">Box 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figs. 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">4</xref>), as well as SNPs near loci previously associated with other metabolic traits, including T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref></sup> (<italic>TCF7L2</italic>, <italic>PPARG</italic>), BMI<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">29</xref></sup> (<italic>FTO</italic>), waist-hip ratio<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">26</xref></sup> (WHR) (<italic>LYPLAL1</italic>, <italic>RSPO3</italic>, <italic>GRB14</italic>), triglycerides<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref></sup> (<italic>ANKRD55-MAP3K1)</italic> and adiponectin<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">30</xref></sup> (<italic>ARL15</italic>). We also confirmed the recent associations with fasting insulin at <italic>GRB14</italic>, <italic>PPP1R3B</italic>, <italic>LYPLAL1, IRS1, UHRF1BP1</italic> and <italic>PDGFC</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref></sup>. The <italic>ANKRD55-MAP3K1</italic> association is of interest as MAP3K1 regulates expression of IRS1 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">31</xref>) as well as activation of NF-κB<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">32</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">33</xref></sup> and the JNK pathway<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">34</xref></sup>, both centrally implicated in insulin resistance<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">35</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">36</xref></sup>. Furthermore, data from DIAGRAM Metabochip analyses show that the insulin-raising allele at this SNP is strongly associated with increased risk of T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">24</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P14">In contrast to fasting glucose (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 5a</xref>), in fasting insulin analyses adjusted for BMI, we observed a systematic decrease in the standard errors of the SNP effect estimates (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 5b</xref>), perhaps because BMI explains more of the variance in fasting insulin (R<sup>2</sup> = 32.6%) than in fasting glucose (R<sup>2</sup> = 8.6%) or 2hGlu (R<sup>2</sup> = 11.0%) (data from the Fenland study). Therefore, BMI adjustment removes more variance in fasting insulin, thereby rendering genetic associations more readily detectable. This is supported by the identification of five additional loci in BMI-adjusted models by this approach (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figs. 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">4</xref>). As expected, BMI-adjustment abolished fasting insulin associations at <italic>FTO</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 0.71; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 2b</xref>), suggesting that the association with fasting insulin is mediated entirely through association with BMI.</p><p id="P15">In total, 13 of the 19 loci associated with fasting insulin also showed associations with T2D (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05; FDR <italic>q</italic> < 0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>), with the insulin-raising allele associated with higher risk of T2D, except for <italic>TCF7L2</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2b,c</xref>), where the allele associated with lower fasting insulin is associated with higher fasting glucose (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>). Notably, the loci associated with fasting insulin showed a pattern of association with lipid traits consistent with insulin resistance, and not observed for either fasting glucose or 2hGlu loci (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). Thirteen (~68%) of the 19 loci were associated with HDL-cholesterol (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05): all insulin-raising alleles associated with lower HDL levels, nine of which were also associated with higher triglycerides (<italic>q <</italic> 0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). Further, the insulin-raising alleles of four SNPs were associated with higher WHR (adjusted for BMI) (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>), another trait linked to insulin resistance, while five SNPs were also associated with BMI, although with inconsistent direction (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p><p id="P16">In gene-based analyses, we focused on BMI-adjusted results to account for the variance in fasting insulin explained by BMI. Beyond those loci containing genome-wide significant SNPs, we identified 7 distinct regions (containing 22 genes) after Bonferroni-correction (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). Among these genes, we identified many for which prior biological evidence suggests their role in pathways involved in insulin secretion or action (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 3b</xref>). While the lead SNP in <italic>PPARD</italic> was not genome-wide significant (<italic>P</italic> = 3.9 × 10<sup>−6</sup>), the <italic>PPARD</italic> gene, a regulator of adipose, hepatic and skeletal muscle metabolism<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">37</xref></sup>, reached the gene-based significance threshold (<italic>P</italic> < 1 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). PPARD agonists have also been shown to induce insulin sensitising effects in a mouse model<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">38</xref></sup>. In addition, we identified <italic>PTEN</italic> to be associated (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 3b</xref>), a gene previously suggested to affect glucose metabolism through regulation of insulin signalling<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">39</xref></sup>, and in which a muscle-specific deletion protected mice from insulin resistance and diabetes resulting from high fat feeding<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R40">40</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>2-h glucose</title><p id="P17">In 42,854 individuals, we identified four additional loci to be associated with 2hGlu (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figs. 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">4</xref>), including a signal near <italic>ERAP2</italic> and three signals near loci previously associated with fasting glucose<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> (<italic>GCK</italic>), HDL-cholesterol<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref></sup> (<italic>PPP1R3B</italic>) and T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref></sup> (<italic>IGF2BP2</italic>), as well as confirming the five previous associations<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>. To determine whether these associations reflected differences in the response to a glucose challenge, or were partly driven by effects on fasting glucose, we also performed analyses adjusted for fasting glucose. No additional loci were identified as genome-wide significant after adjustment for fasting glucose, although the <italic>GCK</italic> association with 2hGlu was severely attenuated (β = 0.04 (SE = 0.016) mmol/L/allele, <italic>P</italic> = 0.005 <italic>vs</italic>. β = 0.1 (0.016) mmol/L/allele, <italic>P</italic> = 5.3 × 10<sup>−11</sup> in the model unadjusted for fasting glucose), suggesting that the association with 2hGlu is driven, at least in part, by a primary association with fasting glucose (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 2d</xref>). The association of SNPs near <italic>GCK</italic> with both fasting glucose and 2hGlu suggests a generalized raising of the glucose set point, consistent with inactivating mutations of <italic>GCK</italic> that cause MODY<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">41</xref></sup>. As for fasting glucose, when 2hGlu models were adjusted for BMI, no systematic differences were observed, although again the <italic>IGF2BP2</italic> SNP rs7651090 reached genome-wide significance (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>).</p><p id="P18">Eight of the 9 SNPs associated with 2hGlu at genome-wide levels of significance were also associated with T2D (<italic>q <</italic> 0.05) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>), although the 2hGlu-raising alleles at <italic>PPP1R3B, GCKR</italic> and <italic>VPS13C-C2CD4A/B</italic> were associated with lower risk of T2D (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2d</xref>), consistent with their association with lower fasting glucose levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 2e</xref>).</p><p id="P19">In addition to SNPs that were genome-wide significant in individual SNP analyses, we identified three regions (containing six genes) showing association with 2hGlu in gene-based analyses. These included the <italic>HKDC1</italic> gene, as well as an association signal at <italic>CRHR1</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 2 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 3c</xref>), mostly driven by the lead SNP in this gene (rs17762954), which approached genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic> = 7.4 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). <italic>CRHR1</italic>, together with <italic>GIPR</italic>, belongs to the family of class B GPCRs and is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, where stimulation of the receptor potentiates insulin secretion in response to glucose<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">42</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Fine-mapping of established loci</title><p id="P20">Analyses at higher SNP density around previously established loci did not generally yield stronger associations or more plausible functional variants (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). For fasting glucose, markedly more significant SNPs or larger effect size than the previous lead SNP were observed for four of the 16 loci: <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>GCK, ADRA2A</italic> and <italic>VPS13C-C2CD4A/B</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). Regional plots for these loci are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 6</xref>. While the new lead SNP near <italic>ADRA2A</italic> was not markedly more significant than the previous lead SNP, the effect size is almost double that of the previous lead SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). However, this and other new lead SNPs were without more plausible functionality. The new lead SNP at <italic>VPS13C-C2CD4A/B,</italic> previously associated with proinsulin<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R43">43</xref></sup>, is far more significant and of larger effect size than the previous lead SNP (β = 0.0273 (SE = 0.0035) mmol/L/allele, <italic>P</italic> = 4.8 × 10<sup>−15</sup><italic>vs.</italic> β = 0.0057 (0.0036) mmol/L/allele, <italic>P</italic> = 0.111; <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.27). For fasting insulin, another SNP downstream of <italic>IGF1</italic> was found to be more significant and with a larger effect size, although with no known functionality (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 6</xref>). For 2hGlu, again, another SNP at <italic>VPS13C-C2CD4A/B</italic> was more significant than the previous lead SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 6</xref>) and was previously associated with diabetes in Chinese individuals<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">44</xref></sup>.</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Pathway analysis</title><p id="P21">Next, we explored whether glycemic loci were enriched for connectivity between genes representing particular pathways or processes. To do this, we used GRAIL software<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">45</xref></sup> and investigated both an excess of connectivity between the established loci (genome-wide significant) and then between established loci and those loci that did not reach genome-wide significance but that showed a lower level of association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0005) (Online Methods). We aimed to establish whether there were any biologically relevant genes among this longer list of suggestively-associated loci. This more liberal threshold yielded 218, 155 and 100 regions for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2hGlu, respectively. To further assess whether the established loci represented common biological pathways, we used MAGENTA to undertake gene-set enrichment analyses (Online Methods).</p><p id="P22">We found that genes near the 36 loci associated with fasting glucose had a high degree of connectivity (refer to Online Methods for definition of how genes were selected), with eight genes demonstrating highly significant similarity to genes in other loci at a <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01 level, connected by keywords such as “glucose”, “insulin”, “pancreatic” and “diabetes” (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 5a</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 7</xref>), and more than expected by chance (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic> = 0.003). We observed less connectivity among the genome-wide significant fasting insulin and 2hGlu loci, with no genes reaching <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01 for fasting insulin (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 5b</xref>) and only one out of nine genes for 2hGlu (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic> = 0.07) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 5c</xref>).</p><p id="P23">Among the list of 218 suggestively-associated fasting glucose loci (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0005), we observed 13 genes to be connected to those in the genome-wide significant loci at <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01, more than expected by chance (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic> = 0.003) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 6a</xref>). These included genes such as <italic>GLP1R</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 3.3 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) (a glucagon receptor that mediates the GLP-1 incretin effect and stimulates insulin release), <italic>IRS2</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 6.9 × 10<sup>−5</sup>; central to development and maintenance of β-cell mass and function<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R46">46</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">47</xref></sup>) and <italic>INS</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 2.5 × 10<sup>−6</sup>; the insulin gene encoding proinsulin). The presence of these and other genes support our conjecture that many of the SNPs approaching genome-wide significance are likely to represent true associations. Of the 155 suggestively-associated loci for fasting insulin (adjusted for BMI), we observed seven to be connected to the genome-wide significant loci at <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01; more than expected by chance (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic> = 0.002), and these included <italic>INSR</italic> (<italic>P<sub>grail</sub></italic> = 1.5 × 10<sup>−4</sup>; encoding insulin receptor precursor), <italic>CD36</italic> (<italic>P<sub>grail</sub></italic> = 0.001; previously implicated in insulin resistance<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R48">48</xref></sup>), <italic>GCG</italic> (<italic>P<sub>grail</sub></italic> = 0.008; glucagon gene) and <italic>HNF1A</italic> (<italic>P<sub>grail</sub></italic> = 0.005; mutations in which are associated with MODY3)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">49</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 6b</xref>). Of the 100 suggestively-associated loci for 2hGlu (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0005), we found three to reach P<italic><sub>grail</sub></italic> < 0.01 (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic> = 0.014) and the gene highlighted as most biologically connected to the genome-wide significant loci was again <italic>HNF1A</italic> (<italic>P<sub>grail</sub></italic> = 3.4 × 10<sup>−4</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 6c</xref>).</p><p id="P24">Using MAGENTA, we identified four pathways enriched for fasting glucose associations: GOTERM pathways lens development in camera-type eye (<italic>P</italic> = 0.004), PANTHER processes gut mesoderm development (<italic>P</italic> = 0.009), other steroid metabolism (<italic>P</italic> = 0.02) and KEGG MODY pathway (<italic>P</italic> = 0.03), although these were no longer significant after removing lead genes (<italic>P</italic> > 0.05), all of which were known fasting glucose loci: <italic>PROX1</italic> for eye and gut, and <italic>G6PC2</italic> and <italic>GCK</italic> for steroid and MODY pathways, respectively.</p></sec><sec id="S8"><title>Directional consistency of associations between discovery and follow-up studies</title><p id="P25">Given the wealth of biologically plausible genes in loci near genome-wide significance (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 6a-c</xref>) and the deviation of the observed distribution from the expected in QQ plots even after removing all established loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 8a-d</xref>), we hypothesized that additional loci not reaching genome-wide significance were likely to represent true associations with small effects. To establish the presence of further true associations that did not reach genome-wide significance, we compared SNP associations in discovery studies (those included in the original meta-analyses for 42,078 (fasting glucose), 34,230 (fasting insulin) and 15,252 (2hGlu) individuals<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>) with those in the “follow-up” studies (consisting of 85,710 (fasting glucose), 69,240 (fasting insulin) and 27,602 (2hGlu) individuals). We identified all SNPs which had a nominally significant association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) in the follow-up studies alone and, for these SNPs, performed a binomial test of whether more SNPs than expected by chance (50%) had a consistent direction of effect with that observed in the discovery analyses. We were also able to compare among SNPs nominated for follow-up by different consortia (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9a-d</xref>).</p><p id="P26">For each trait, evaluation of the 66,000 Metabochip follow-up SNPs demonstrated a significant excess of SNPs showing directionally consistent associations (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) compared to that expected by chance (fasting glucose: <italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 5.01 × 10<sup>−12</sup>; fasting insulin: <italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 7.58 × 10<sup>−13</sup>; fasting insulin (adjusted for BMI): <italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 9.76 × 10<sup>−9</sup>; 2hGlu: <italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 2.37 × 10<sup>−6</sup>; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9a-d</xref>). FDR analyses suggested that a number of these nominal associations in the follow-up studies are true positives for fasting glucose and fasting insulin in particular (fasting glucose: 23%; fasting insulin: 24%; <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). Interestingly, when we evaluated consistency of association with fasting insulin (between discovery and follow-up) among SNPs submitted to the Metabochip by other consortia, SNPs submitted by GIANT (anthropometric traits) (<italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 1.52 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and GLGC (lipid traits) (<italic>P<sub>binomial</sub></italic> = 1.15 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) and for BMI and triglycerides in particular also demonstrated a marked excess of directional consistency (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9b</xref>). When we performed the same test for fasting insulin adjusted for BMI, the observed enrichment among SNPs submitted by GIANT and GLGC was attenuated (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9c</xref>), although SNPs nominated to follow up on triglyceride associations remained the most significant (<italic>P</italic> = 3.18 × 10<sup>−7</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9c</xref>). Of the 3,353 SNPs submitted for follow-up of triglyceride associations, 158 SNPs showed nominal significance (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) in follow-up studies and consistent direction of association with fasting insulin (adjusted for BMI) in both discovery and follow-up (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref>). In 139 (88%) of these SNPs, the insulin-raising alleles were associated with higher levels of triglycerides, consistent with the positive correlations between fasting insulin and triglyceride associations observed among the genome-wide significant fasting insulin loci (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S9"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p id="P27">In the current meta-analysis of ~66,000 Metabochip follow-up SNPs in up to 133,010 individuals, we identified a large number of loci to be associated with glycemic traits, explaining 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.7% of the variance in fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2hGlu, respectively. Of the 53 glycemic loci, 33 are also associated with increased T2D risk (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05), extending the overlap between glycemic and T2D loci. Given the current DIAGRAM effective sample size of 106,953 individuals, we can exclude an effect on T2D of 1.04 with 80% power for alleles more frequent than 5%, effectively confirming that the overlap is incomplete and that many loci associated with glycemic traits have no discernible effect on T2D (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs. 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>).</p><p id="P28">Previously, we had detected only two loci associated with fasting insulin and had hypothesized that this might be due to a different genetic architecture of this trait compared to fasting glucose, with potentially smaller effect sizes, lower frequency alleles or greater environmental influence on fasting insulin<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup>. In the current meta-analysis including up to 108,557 individuals (compared to 62,264 individuals previously), we expanded the number of loci associated with this trait to 19. Of note was the effect of BMI-adjustment on our ability to detect additional loci (five non-overlapping with unadjusted results)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref></sup>. We also noted that some of the loci influencing fasting insulin uncovered after BMI-adjustment are likely to have been negatively confounded in previous efforts: at some loci, the insulin-raising allele was nominally associated with lower BMI (potentially via insulin resistance attenuating the anabolic effects of insulin). Given the positive correlation between BMI and fasting insulin, it is likely that this association previously masked their effect on fasting insulin. Fasting insulin loci showed directionally consistent association with lipid levels (HDL and triglycerides); that is, the insulin-raising allele was associated with lower HDL and higher triglyceride levels, a hallmark combination in insulin resistant individuals. We also observed some overlap between fasting insulin loci and those associated with abdominal obesity (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). Jointly, these data suggest links of these fasting insulin loci to insulin resistance-related phenotypes. Indeed, some of the fasting insulin loci identified, such as <italic>IRS1</italic> and <italic>PPARG</italic>, are classically known to exert effects on insulin action or sensitivity<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">50</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R51">51</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P29">There are now 36 established fasting glucose loci, many of which contain compelling biological candidate genes with plausible causality, including those encoding transcription factors with known roles in pancreas development (e.g. <italic>PDX1</italic>, <italic>FOXA2</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>) and genes involved in β-cell function and insulin secretion pathways (<italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>PCSK1</italic>). For 2hGlu, only nine loci have been established to date, which likely reflects the smaller sample size available and consequently reduced power.</p><p id="P30">Comparing the consistency of the direction of associations for glycemic traits between “discovery” and “follow-up” studies suggests that we are observing more directionally consistent associations than expected by chance among Metabochip follow-up SNPs (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9a-d</xref>). This, combined with the excess of biologically plausible genes among the borderline loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 6a-c</xref>), suggests that beyond the genome-wide significant loci there is a more extensive list of loci still likely to contain true associations. Indeed, some of these loci are implicated by gene-based analyses, which identify genes with compelling biological credentials. For fasting insulin, these analyses revealed additional loci with previously suggested links to insulin resistance (<italic>PPARD</italic> and <italic>PTEN</italic>). These results lend further support to the proposal that a long tail of common variants of small effect size are likely to account for a substantial proportion of the variance of complex traits<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P31">Of note is the number of glycemic loci associated with other metabolic traits (<italic>q</italic> < 0.05; 34 of 53) and also at genome-wide levels of significance (<italic>P</italic> < 5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) (14 of 53) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>), potentially implicating pleiotropic effects. Further support for this notion comes from the analysis of loci nominated for the Metabochip by other consortia and their associations with glycemic traits (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 9a-d</xref>). Indeed, some of the loci associated with glycemic traits at genome-wide significance levels were not originally nominated to the Metabochip for follow-up by MAGIC (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>). Metabochip data available across all contributing consortia will facilitate systematic exploration of these correlated phenotypes with more sophisticated statistical methods for joint analysis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">52</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R54">54</xref></sup>, yielding greater insight into the underlying pathways and genetic networks they represent. As data from human genetic networks accrue, we will be better placed to test whether there is support for the notion of “hub” genes; that is, genes highly connected with others in the network and proposed by experiments in <italic>C. elegans</italic> to act as buffers for genetic variation and that could act as modifier genes for many different disorders<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">55</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P32">In summary, we present a large number of genome-wide significant loci influencing glycemic traits, many with a compelling biological basis for their association, as well as a number of loci not previously implicated in glycemic regulation, and for which fine-mapping and functional follow-up will expand and improve our understanding. Use of the Metabochip for deep follow-up has identified additional loci to be involved in glycemic regulation that, due to insufficient sample size and power, did not reach genome-wide significance. Consideration of such loci in future studies will better exploit data from GWAS and complimentary approaches and further improve our biological understanding of glycemic control and the etiology of diabetes.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S10"><title>ONLINE METHODS</title><sec id="S11"><title>Study design</title><p id="P33">The Illumina CardioMetabochip (Metabochip) is a custom Illumina iSELECT array of 196,725 SNPs. It has been designed to support efficient large-scale follow-up of putative associations for glycemic (including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and post-challenge glucose concentrations (2hGlu) and other metabolic and cardiovascular traits (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 1</xref>)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref></sup>, and to enable the fine-mapping of established loci. Overall, there were 65,435 SNPs genotyped on the Metabochip for follow-up of previous associations including a total of 23 cardio-metabolic traits. Traits contributing SNPs to the Metabochip were prioritized into “primary” (including fasting glucose) and “secondary” (including fasting insulin and 2hGlu) contributing ~5K and ~1K SNPs, respectively, from the most significantly associated variants for each phenotype in the discovery meta-analyses from each contributing consortium. This included 5,055 SNPs for follow-up of fasting glucose, 1,046 for fasting insulin and 1,038 for follow up of 2hGlu associations. In the present analysis, we focused our analysis on this set of “follow-up” SNPs available on the Metabochip to establish variants among these SNP associated with glycemic traits. While we also included newly available studies genotyped on genome-wide platforms, we limited our primary analyses to only these ~66,000 SNPs.</p></sec><sec id="S12"><title>Studies</title><p id="P34">In the present effort, collaborating studies within the Meta-Analysis of Glucose and Insulin related traits Consortium (MAGIC) provided results for the 66,000 “follow-up” SNPs genotyped on Metabochip on a maximum total of 133,010 (fasting glucose), 108,557 (fasting insulin) and 42,854 (2hGlu) individuals. As well as those newly genotyped on the Metabochip platform, in our overall meta-analysis we were able to include further studies which had genotyped or imputed the same SNPs on other platforms. The largest proportion of our entire sample was directly genotyped on the Metabochip and comprised 53,622 (fasting glucose), 42,384 (fasting insulin) and 27,602 (2hGlu) individuals from 26/21/12 studies, respectively. We were also able to recruit 11,690 (fasting glucose) and 8,813 (fasting insulin) individuals from up to four additional GWA studies (Prevend, Ascot (FG-only), Prosper and TRAILS) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>) not included in the original meta-analysis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup>. From another MAGIC study of sex-specific associations with glycemic traits (I. Prokopenko on behalf of the MAGIC authors, personal communication), we were able to recruit another 15/13 independent studies comprising up to 25,618 and 23,130 individuals for fasting glucose and fasting insulin, respectively. The above studies were combined in a single fixed-effects meta-analysis with those studies included in the original GWAS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>: 20 (fasting glucose), 19 (fasting insulin) and 9 (2hGlu) studies and 42,080 (fasting glucose), 34,230 (fasting insulin) and 15,252 (2hGlu) individuals, as described previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>. The study and individual counts from the original GWAS excluded the family-based SardiNIA study where, initially, a large number of the individuals had imputed genotype data only. The entire sample was directly genotyped on Metabochip, so those data were included in place of the original GWAS. Some studies had genotyping data available from both Metabochip and genome-wide arrays but from entirely independent samples within the studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). Full study characteristics of all Metabochip studies are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>, while data from discovery genome-wide studies and those from the sex-specific analyses are reported elsewhere<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup> (I. Prokopenko on behalf of the MAGIC authors, personal communication). All participants of the main analysis were of European descent and mostly adults, although data from a total of 7,872 and 7,164 adolescents were also included in the fasting glucose and fasting insulin meta-analyses, respectively (NFBC86, Leipzig-childhood_IFB, TRAILS and ALSPAC studies). All studies were approved by local research ethic committees and all participants gave informed consent. Results from the CLHNS study of Filipino women (<italic>n</italic> = 1,682 and 1,635 for fasting glucose and fasting insulin, respectively) genotyped on Metabochip were also available and were included in supplementary analyses to compare effect directions with European-descent studies alone.</p></sec><sec id="S13"><title>Phenotypes</title><p id="P35">Analyses were undertaken for fasting glucose and fasting insulin measured in mmol/l and pmol/l, respectively. 2hGlu was measured in mmol/l. Similar to the previous MAGIC discovery analysis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>, individuals were excluded from the analysis if they had a physician diagnosis of diabetes, were on diabetes treatment (oral or insulin), or had a fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 7 mmol/l. Individual studies applied further sample exclusions, including pregnancy, non-fasting individuals and type 1 diabetes, as detailed in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>. Individuals from case-control studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>) were excluded if they had hospitalization or blood transfusion in the 2-3 months before phenotyping took place. 2hGlu measures were done 120 min after a glucose challenge during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Measures of fasting glucose and 2Glu made in whole blood were corrected to plasma level using the correction factor of 1.13 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R87">87</xref>). Fasting insulin was measured in serum. Detailed descriptions of study-specific glycemic measurements are given in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>.</p></sec><sec id="S14"><title>Trait transformations and adjustment</title><p id="P36">Analyses were performed for untransformed levels of fasting glucose, natural logarithm transformed fasting insulin and untransformed 2hGlu using a linear regression model. All analyses were adjusted for age (if applicable), study site (if applicable) and geographical covariates (if applicable) to evaluate the association using an additive genetic model at each genetic SNP variant.</p></sec><sec id="S15"><title>BMI-adjusted analysis</title><p id="P37">In the Fenland study (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>), we investigated the correlation between BMI and natural logarithm transformed fasting insulin, fasting glucose and 2hGlu to establish the variation in each trait explained by BMI. Meta-analyses for each trait were also adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Metabochip and new GWA studies performed study-level analyses adjusted for BMI. Most studies in the original GWAS (except deCode, GEMs, KORAF4, TwinsUK studies) as well as from the studies analyzed in a sex-specific manner were included in BMI-adjusted meta-analysis. The original discovery 2hGlu meta-analysis adjusted for BMI<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup> was also included in these analyses. We also performed an analysis for 2hGlu adjusted for fasting glucose to investigate if additional variants would be identified with an effect on 2hGlu independent of fasting glucose and also to establish whether identified 2hGlu associations were driven by fasting glucose.</p></sec><sec id="S16"><title>Genotyping and quality control</title><p id="P38">The Metabochip or other commercial genome-wide arrays were used by individual studies for genotyping. Details are presented in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref> or are reported elsewhere<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>. The quality control criteria for both Metabochip and genome-wide arrays for filtering of poorly genotyped individuals or low quality SNPs prior to imputation included: (i) call rate < 0.95; (ii) sex-discrepancies; (iii) ethnic outliers; (iv) heterozygosity (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>); (v) SNP minor allele frequency < 0.01; (vi) SNP Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium <italic>P</italic> < 10<sup>−4</sup>; (vii) SNP effect estimate standard error (SE) ≥10; (viii) SNPs minor allele count (MAC) < 10 (calculated as total number of observed alleles at each SNP multiplied by MAF).</p><p id="P39">Studies with genome-wide arrays undertook imputation using the HapMap CEU reference panel using MACH and IMPUTE software (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>). Parameters used in imputation and filters applied to imputed genotypes are described in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref> or reported previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>. From a total of ~2.5M genome-wide directly genotyped or imputed autosomal SNPs, study-specific results for the ~66,000 Metabochip follow-up SNPs were considered for the present meta-analyses. SNPs with a meta-analysis result for more than a total 10,000 individuals were included in the analysis.</p></sec><sec id="S17"><title>Statistical analysis</title><p id="P40">Analyses of previous discovery studies are reported elsewhere<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>, while those studies genotyped on the Metabochip are described in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>. SNP effect estimates and their standard errors (for additive genetic model) were combined by inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analysis using METAL<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R88">88</xref></sup> and GWAMA<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R89">89</xref></sup>. Two parallel meta-analyses for each trait by different analysts were compared for consistency. Individual cohort results were corrected for residual inflation of the test statistics using lambda of genomic control (GC) estimates. The GC values were estimated for each study using either test statistics from all SNPs for the GWA studies, while for those studies genotyped on the Metabochip, GC lambda estimates were derived from test statistics for 5,041 SNPs selected for follow-up of QT-interval associations, as we perceived these to have the lowest likelihood of common architecture of associations with glycemic traits. Individual study-level lambda GC estimates are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1</xref>. Overall QQ plots for the QT follow-up SNPs are shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 10</xref>.</p></sec><sec id="S18"><title>Trait-associated signal selection strategy</title><p id="P41">Meta-analysis results for each trait were considered as genome-wide significant if they achieved <italic>P</italic> ≤ 5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> threshold and were not in LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> < 0.05) or within 500 kb of an established signal. The most significantly associated SNP (lowest <italic>P</italic>-value) in each region (500 kb) was selected as the lead SNP. Associated loci are referred to by the name of the nearest gene, unless a more biologically plausible gene was nearby, or a nearby gene was previously associated with another trait. In such cases, we maintain consistency with the previous naming, but list the nearest genes in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 2a-d</xref>. To establish the variance in each trait explained by these SNPs, in the Framingham Heart Study, we included all SNPs in a model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and cohort.</p></sec><sec id="S19"><title>Fine-mapping of known glycemic trait loci</title><p id="P42">To undertake preliminary fine-mapping analyses, we investigated the patterns of association at 17 known fasting glucose and fasting insulin loci<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> and 5 known 2hGlu loci<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup> using meta-analysis results from 13,644, 1,309 and 1,249 SNPs genotyped on the Metabochip in 53,622, 42,384 and 27,602 individuals for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2hGlu, respectively. Only studies genotyped directly on the Metabochip were used for fine-mapping purposes in order to have equal sample size and availability of all SNPs. Regional plots for each locus were created using the previous lead SNP<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> or a suitable proxy (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> > 0.8) as the index SNP if that marker was not present on Metabochip. The plots were generated on the LocusZoom web-based plotting software<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R90">90</xref></sup> using LD information from the 1000 Genomes Project (hg19/Nov2010EUR data). Prior to generating the plots, all SNP names and positions from the Metabochip-only meta-analysis files were aligned to build37 using the Lift Genome annotation tool on the UCSC website (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgLiftOver">http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgLiftOver</ext-link>) in order to be compatible with the 1000 Genomes SNP naming format (chr:position) and allow more thorough assessment of the pairwise LD patterns around the established SNPs.</p></sec><sec id="S20"><title>Associations of glycemic trait variants with related traits</title><p id="P43">For those SNPs which we identified to be genome-wide significant, we also investigated their association with other metabolic and disease traits. We exchanged reciprocal data for such SNPs with the latest DIAGRAM Metabochip analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">24</xref></sup>, and checked associations of these SNPs in publicly available data from previous studies of lipid traits from the GLGC<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref></sup> (triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/public/lipids2010/">http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/public/lipids2010/</ext-link>) as well as BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) from the GIANT consortium<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">25</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">26</xref></sup> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant/index.php/Main_Page">http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant/index.php/Main_Page</ext-link>). From these data, we were able to establish the presence of any association and the direction of effect for these other traits aligned to our trait-raising alleles. We highlighted associations with other traits at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05, and also performed FDR analyses. We performed FDR analyses for each trait separately (removing duplicate loci that were associated with more than one glycemic trait) and identified those where <italic>q</italic> < 0.05.</p></sec><sec id="S21"><title>eQTL analyses</title><p id="P44">Liver gene expression data from the Advanced Study of Aortic Pathology (ASAP) study has been described previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R91">91</xref></sup>. In brief, liver biopsies were collected from patients at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden undergoing aortic valve surgery alone or combined with surgery for aortic aneurysm, starting from February 13, 2007. All subjects gave their informed consent and the study was approved by the ethics committee of Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. After hybridization of extracted RNA to Affymetrix ST 1.0 Exon arrays, data was RMA normalized and log-transformed. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyping was carried out using the Illumina 610w-Quad bead array platform. Imputation was carried out on SNPs with a call rate exceeding 95%, using the MACH algorithm. Imputation quality scores of RSQ < 0.3 were excluded from analysis. An additive genetic model was used to test for association between SNPs and gene expression.</p></sec><sec id="S22"><title>VEGAS</title><p id="P45">To identify genes with multiple associated SNPs, we performed gene-based analysis using VEGAS, described in detail previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref></sup>. Briefly, on all available samples and among the ~66,000 follow-up SNPs, VEGAS pooled the information for all SNPs within each gene (± 50 kb) to identify genes with higher evidence of association than expected by chance, while adjusting for gene size and the linkage disequilibrium structure of the SNPs, by simulation (maximum number of simulations used was 10<sup>6</sup>). We identified genomic regions (separated by >1 Mb) showing evidence of association and described the genes contained within those regions. While we often identified multiple genes within an associated region, it is probable that some of these are significant via LD. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing, based on the number of independent tests (number of genes tested) (~9,300) and <italic>P</italic>-values < 5.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> were considered significant. While the number of genes represented was constrained by those SNPs submitted to the Metabochip, our analyses asked the question: of the genes represented on the Metabochip, all with a slightly raised prior likelihood of association, which genes show the most evidence for association with glycemic traits?</p></sec><sec id="S23"><title>GRAIL</title><p id="P46">We used the GRAIL<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">45</xref></sup> to evaluate whether genome-wide loci associated with glycemic traits were enriched for connectivity between genes representing particular pathways or molecular processes. As described in detail previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">45</xref></sup>, to define the genes near each SNP, GRAIL finds the furthest neighboring SNPs in the 3′ and 5′ direction in LD (Hapmap CEU: <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> > 0.5) and proceeds outwards in each direction to the nearest recombination hotspot<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R92">92</xref></sup>. All genes that overlap that interval are considered implicated by the SNP. If there are no genes in that region, the interval is extended by 250 kb in either direction. The method performs a text-based analysis looking at abstracts in PubMed prior to December 2006 (to avoid confounding from GWAS results arising after that date). We performed two analyses for each trait: first, we took all genome-wide signals for each trait as seed and query loci to investigate biological connectivity among those loci (fasting glucose = 35, fasting insulin = 16, 2hGlu = 9). For fasting insulin, we did not include <italic>FTO</italic> as the association with fasting insulin was entirely mediated by BMI. Secondly, we also investigated connectivity between these established signals (as seed regions) and those which did not reach genome-wide significance but were suggestively associated with each trait (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0005) (as query regions) as described previously<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R93">93</xref></sup>. For fasting insulin, we used BMI-adjusted results to define the query regions. Query regions were defined by taking all SNPs more significant than <italic>P</italic> < 0.0005, removing those associated at genome-wide levels of significance and pruning SNPs of <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> > 0.05 in each region using PLINK<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R94">94</xref></sup>. As GRAIL tests connectivity of regions, we also removed any duplicates where a region was represented by more than one SNP. For those SNPs not found by the software, we submitted the region as a 500 kb window centered at the location of the SNP. This approach identified 218, 155 and 100 query regions (representing 715, 639 and 298 genes) for fasting glucose, fasting insulin (adjusted for BMI),= and 2hGlu, respectively. The number of loci reaching <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01 was identified from these analyses, and to establish the level of enrichment, we randomly sampled 1,000 random sets of matched numbers of SNPs and calculated the proportion with as many or more reaching <italic>P</italic><sub>grail</sub> < 0.01 to derive a permutation based <italic>P</italic>-value (<italic>P<sub>permutation</sub></italic>).</p></sec><sec id="S24"><title>Pathway analyses</title><p id="P47">Pathway analysis was carried out for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2hGlu (uniform/FG-BMI adjusted) using data from previous discovery GWAS studies only<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> to avoid bias towards pathways represented on the Metabochip (build36, <italic>n</italic> > 10,000 and MAF ≥ 1% cutoff used). The software used for this analysis was MAGENTA 2.4 (July 2011, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/magenta/">http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/magenta/</ext-link>). SNPs from the meta-analysis file were assigned to a gene if they mapped within 110 kb upstream and 40 kb downstream of transcript boundaries. The smallest <italic>P</italic>-value for the set of SNPs assigned to the gene was adjusted for confounders, such as gene length, marker density and LD in a linear regression, creating a gene association score. If a top SNP was assigned to multiple genes, only the gene with the lowest score was kept to avoid positional clustering. The HLA region was removed due to high LD and gene density. Pathway terms from multiple databases (GO, PANTHER, Ingenuity, KEGG) was attached to each gene. The genes were ranked on their association score, and a GSEA test was performed testing all pathway terms using a 5% and 75% cutoff. Initially, 10,000 gene set permutations were performed for GSEA <italic>P</italic>-value estimation. This number was then increased with GSEA <italic>P</italic> < 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, and up to 1,000,000 permutations were performed. Results were sorted on FDR (5% cutoff), and FDR < 0.05 was considered to be significant.</p></sec><sec id="S25"><title>Analyses of directional consistency of associations between discovery and follow-up studies</title><p id="P48">We investigated whether the Metabochip follow-up SNPs were likely to contain further true associations in addition to those SNPs which reached genome-wide significance. To do so, we meta-analyzed those studies involved in the original discovery analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup> comprising 42,078 individuals for fasting glucose, 34,230 for fasting insulin and 15,252 for 2hGlu, and also then separately meta-analyzed all studies newly available to follow up, comprising 85,710 individuals for fasting glucose, 69,240 for fasting insulin and 27,602 for 2hGlu. For each trait (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, FI-BMIadj and 2hGlu), we then identified all SNPs which had a nominally significant association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) in the follow-up studies alone and, for these SNPs, performed a two-sided binomial test of whether more SNPs than expected by chance (50%) had a consistent direction of effect with that observed in the discovery analyses. Before performing these analyses, SNPs were filtered by LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> < 0.01) to identify independent variants, and all SNPs (and those in LD, <italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.01) associated with glycemic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2hGlu, HbA1c and proinsulin) at genome-wide levels of significance (including those SNPs identified in the present study) were excluded. These analyses were initially performed for all 66,000 SNPs, but we were then also able to compare across SNPs submitted to the Metabochip by different consortia and for SNPs submitted to follow up on particular traits amongst these consortia. The results of each of these tests were plotted overall, within SNPs from each consortia, and within SNPs submitted for follow-up of each trait in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 9</xref><italic>.</italic> The numbers of SNPs meeting these criteria are shown are <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref>. We supplemented these results with FDR analyses and noted the <italic>q</italic>-value at <italic>P</italic> = 0.05 in the follow-up studies to identify the likelihood of true positives among these nominally significant SNPs (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 7</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS49338-supplement-1.pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d35e4496" position="anchor" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>2</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS49338-supplement-2.xls" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d35e4500" position="anchor" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="vnd.ms-excel"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack id="S26"><title>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</title><p><bold>AGES:</bold> The AGES-Reykjavik study was supported by a contract from the National Institutes of Health (N01-AG-1-2100), National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association) and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament).</p><p><bold>ALSPAC:</bold> We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which include interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council (Grant ref: 74882) the Wellcome Trust (Grant ref: 076467, 092731) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC.</p><p><bold>AMC-PAS:</bold> AMC-PAS is grateful to M.D. Trip and S. Sivapalaratnam for their input in collecting the data.</p><p><bold>Amish:</bold> The Amish studies are supported by grants and contracts from the NIH, including R01 AG18728, R01 HL088119, U01 GM074518, U01 HL072515-06, U01 HL84756, R01 DK54261, the University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center, grant M01 RR 16500, the Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Obesity Research Center grant P30 DK72488, the Baltimore Diabetes Research and Training Center grant P60DK79637 and by the T32 training grant AG000219 (Dr. Montasser). In addition, this project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2007-35205-17883 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We gratefully thank our Amish community and research volunteers for their long-standing partnership in research, and acknowledge the dedication of our Amish liaisons, field workers and the Amish Research Clinic staff, without which these studies would not have been possible.</p><p><bold>ARIC:</bold> The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, and N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. We thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Infrastructure was partly supported by grant number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. We are grateful for resources provided by the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.</p><p><bold>ASAP:</bold> The ASAP study was funded by a donation from Fredrik Lundberg.</p><p><bold>ASCOT:</bold> This work was supported by Pfizer (New York, NY, USA) for the ASCOT study and the collection of the ASCOT DNA repository; by Servier Research Group (Paris, France); and by Leo Laboratories (Copenhagen, Denmark). We thank all ASCOT trial participants, physicians, nurses and practices in the participating countries for their important contribution to the study. In particular, we thank Clare Muckian and David Toomey for their help in DNA extraction, storage and handling. The genotyping was funded by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (no. 083948).</p><p><bold>BLSA:</bold> The BLSA was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. A portion of that support was through an R&D contract with MedStar Research Institute.</p><p><bold>Busselton Health Study (BSN):</bold> The Busselton Health Study (BHS) acknowledges the generous support for the 1994/5 follow-up study from Healthway, Western Australia and the numerous Busselton community volunteers who assisted with data collection and the study participants from the Shire of Busselton. The BHS is supported by The Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River region of Western Australia.</p><p><bold>CHS:</bold> This CHS research was supported by NHLBI contracts N01-HC-85239, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086; N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133 and NHLBI grants HL080295, HL075366, HL087652, HL105756 with additional contribution from NINDS. Additional support was provided through AG-023629, AG-15928, AG-20098 and AG-027058 from the NIA (see also <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.chs-nhlbi.org/pi.htm">http://www.chs-nhlbi.org/pi.htm</ext-link>). DNA handling and genotyping was supported in part by National Center for Research Resources grant M01-RR00425 to the Cedars-Sinai General Clinical Research Center Genotyping core and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center. Bruce Psaty serves on a DSMB for a clinical trial of a device funded by the manufacturer (Zoll-Lifecor).</p><p><bold>CLHNS:</bold> We thank the Office of Population Studies Foundation research and data collection teams and the study participants who generously provided their time for this study. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants DK078150, TW05596, HL085144, RR20649, ES10126 and DK56350.</p><p><bold>CoLaus:</bold> The CoLaus study was supported by research grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no: 33CSCO-122661) from GlaxoSmithKline and the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, Switzerland. The authors also express their gratitude to the participants in the Lausanne CoLaus study and to the investigators who have contributed to the recruitment, in particular Yolande Barreau, Anne-Lise Bastian, Binasa Ramic, Martine Moranville, Martine Baumer, Marcy Sagette, Jeanne Ecoffey and Sylvie Mermoud, for data collection. Peter Vollenweider and Gérard Waeber received an unrestricted grant from GlaxoSmithKline to build the CoLaus study</p><p><bold>CROATIA-Korcula:</bold> The work is supported by European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947); grant ~216-1080315-0302 (to IR) from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport. Studies carried out in the Croatian island of Korcula were supported by Medical Research Council UK. The authors collectively thank a large number of individuals for their help in organizing, planning and carrying out the field work related to the project: Stipan Jankovic and staff at the University of Split Medical School; Branka Salzer from the biochemistry lab “Salzer”, Croatia; local general practitioners and nurses; and the employees of several other Croatian institutions who participated in the field work, including but not limited to the University of Rijeka, Croatia; Croatian Institute of Public Health; Institutes of Public Health in Split and Dubrovnik, Croatia. SNP Genotyping of the Korcula samples was carried out by Helmholtz Zentrum München, GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.</p><p><bold>CROATIA-Split:</bold> The work is supported by grant ~216-1080315-0302 (to I.R.) from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport. Studies carried out in the Croatian City of Split were supported by Medical Research Council UK. The authors collectively thank a large number of individuals for their help in organizing, planning and carrying out the field work related to the project: Stipan Jankovic and staff at the University of Split Medical School; Branka Salzer from the biochemistry lab “Salzer”, Croatia; local general practitioners and nurses; and the employees of several other Croatian institutions who participated in the field work. including but not limited to the University of Rijeka, Croatia; Croatian Institute of Public Health; Institutes of Public Health in Split and Dubrovnik, Croatia. SNP Genotyping of the Split samples was carried out by AROS Applied Biotechnology AS, Aarhus N, Denmark.</p><p><bold>CROATIA-Vis:</bold> The work is supported by European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947); grant ~216-1080315-0302 (to IR) from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport. Studies carried out in the Croatian island of Vis were supported by Medical Research Council UK. The authors collectively thank a large number of individuals for their help in organizing, planning and carrying out the field work related to the project: Pavao Rudan and staff of the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb, Croatia; Stipan Jankovic and staff at the University of Split Medical School; Ariana Vorko-Jovic and staff and medical students of the Andrija Stampar School of Public Health of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia; Branka Salzer from the biochemistry lab “Salzer”, Croatia; local general practitioners and nurses; and the employees of several other Croatian institutions who participated in the field work. including but not limited to the University of Rijeka, Croatia; Croatian Institute of Public Health; Institutes of Public Health in Split and Dubrovnik, Croatia. SNP Genotyping of the Vis samples was carried out by the Genetics Core Laboratory at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, WGH, Edinburgh, Scotland.</p><p><bold>DESIR:</bold> We thank all the participants of the D.E.S.I.R study, Elodie Eury and Stéphane Lobbens for technical support for the genotyping, Olivier Lantieri and Michel Marre from the D.E.S.I.R study. The genotyping was supported by the “Conseil Régional Nord-Pas-de-Calais Fonds européen de développement économique et regional” CPER axe Cartdiodiabéte 2010-2011 grant to N.B.-N.</p><p><bold>deCODE:</bold> We thank the individuals who participated in the study and whose contribution made this work possible. The research performed at deCODE genetics was part funded through the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ENGAGE project, grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413.</p><p><bold>DIAGEN:</bold> The presented study was supported by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate C - Public Health and Risk Assessment, Health & Consumer Protection, Grant Agreement number - 2004310 and by the Dresden University of Technology Funding Grant, Med Drive. We are grateful to all of the patients who cooperated in this study and to their referring physicians and diabetologists in Saxony.</p><p><bold>DPS:</bold> The DPS has been financially supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (117844 and 40758, 211497, and 118590), the EVO funding of the Kuopio University Hospital from Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (5254), Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (40058/07), Nordic Centre of Excellence on Systems biology in controlled dietary interventions and cohort studies, SYSDIET (070014), the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (56358), Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Juho Vainio Foundation and TEKES grants 70103/06 and 40058/07.</p><p><bold>DR’s EXTRA:</bold> The DR’s EXTRA Study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland (627;2004-2011), Academy of Finland (102318; 123885), Kuopio University Hospital, Finnish Diabetes Association, Finnish Heart Association, Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, European Commission FP6 Integrated Project (EXGENESIS), LSHM-CT-2004-005272, City of Kuopio and Social Insurance Institution of Finland (4/26/2010).</p><p><bold>EAS</bold> (Metabochip)<bold>:</bold> EAS was supported by the British Heart Foundation. Genotyping was supported by a grant from the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland and performed at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility in Edinburgh.</p><p><bold>EGCUT:</bold> EGCUT received financing by FP7 grants (201413, 245536), grant from Estonian Government SF0180142s08, from theEU through the European Regional Development Fund, in the frame of Centre of Excellence in Genomics and University of Tartu grant SP1GVARENG.</p><p><bold>Ely:</bold> The Ely Study was funded by the MRC and Diabetes UK. We are grateful to all the volunteers, and to the staff of St. Mary’s Street Surgery, Ely and the study team. Genotyping in the Ely and Fenland studies was supported in part by an MRC-GSK pilot programme grant (ID 85374).</p><p><bold>ERF:</bold> This study is financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), the European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947), the International Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (ISAO), the Hersenstichning Nederland (HSN), and the Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB 1&2) in the framework of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI). We thank the participants from the Genetic Research in Isolated Populations, Erasmus Rucphen Family and their GPs, who made this work possible.</p><p><bold>FamHS:</bold> The Family Heart Study (FamHS) was supported by NIH grants RO1-HL-087700 and RO1-HL-088215 (Michael A. Province, PI) from HNLBI, and RO1-DK-8925601 and RO1-DK-075681 (Ingrid B. Borecki, PI) from NIDDK.</p><p><bold>Fenland:</bold> The Fenland Study is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. We are grateful to all the volunteers for their time and help, and to the General Practitioners and practice staff for help with recruitment. We thank the Fenland Study Investigators, Fenland Study Co-ordination team and the Epidemiology Field, Data and Laboratory teams. Biochemical assays were performed by the National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Core Biochemistry Assay Laboratory, and the Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Biochemistry.</p><p><bold>FIN-D2D 2007:</bold> The FIN-D2D study has been financially supported by the hospital districts of Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia, and Central Finland, the Finnish National Public Health Institute (current National Institute for Health and Welfare), the Finnish Diabetes Association, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health in Finland, the Academy of Finland (grant number 129293),Commission of the European Communities, Directorate C-Public Health (grant agreement no. 2004310) and Finland’s Slottery Machine Association.</p><p><bold>FINRISK/DILGOM:</bold> DILGOM study received support from Etelä-Pohjanmaa Hospital District, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa Hospital District, Keski-Suomi Hospital District, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and Pohjois-Savo Hospital District. The DILGOM survey was funded by the Academy of Finland (grant number 118065). V.S. was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 139635 and 129494),</p><p><bold>Framingham Heart Study:</bold> This research was conducted in part using data and resources from the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine. The analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the Framingham Heart Study investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project. This work was partially supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study (Contract No. N01 HC 25195) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No. N02 HL 6 4278). A portion of this research utilized the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. The study is also supported by National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) R01 DK078616 to Drs. Meigs, Dupuis and Florez, and NIDDK K24 DK080140 to Dr. Meigs.</p><p><bold>FUSION:</bold> Support for FUSION was provided by NIH grants R01-DK062370 (to M.B.), R01-DK072193 (to K.L.M.) and intramural project number 1Z01-HG000024 (to F.S.C.). Genome-wide genotyping was conducted by the Johns Hopkins University Genetic Resources Core Facility SNP Center at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), with support from CIDR NIH contract no. N01-HG-65403.</p><p><bold>GEMS:</bold> The GEMS study was sponsored in part by GlaxoSmithKline. We thank the investigators Scott Grundy, Phil Barter, Ruth McPherson, Robert Mahley, Tom Bersot and Antero Kesaniemi for the collection of the samples.</p><p><bold>GENOA:</bold> Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study is supported by the National Institutes of Health, grant numbers HL087660 and HL100245 from National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute. We thank Eric Boerwinkle (Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA) and Julie Cunningham (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA) for their help with genotyping.</p><p><bold>GenomEUtwin:</bold> We acknowledge support from the European Commission under ‘Quality of Life and Management of the Living Resources’ of the Fifth Framework Program (GenomEUtwin QLG2-CT-2002-01254). The study is also supported by “ENGAGE – European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413”.</p><p><bold>GLACIER:</bold> The GLACIER Study is nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and phenotyping was conducted as part of the Västerbotten Intervention Project. We thank the participants and the investigators from these studies for their valuable contributions, with specific thanks to Lars Weinehall, Åsa Agren, Kerstin Enquist and Thore Johansson. The GLACIER Study and part of P.W.F.’s salary were funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Novo Nordisk, Umeå Medical Research Foundation and the Swedish Diabetes Association (to P.W.F.). Genotyping for this specific project was funded by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Inês Barroso acknowledges funding from the Wellcome Trust grant 098051, United Kingdom NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and the MRC Centre for Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases. We thank Emma Gray, Douglas Simpkin, Sarah Hunt and staff of the WTSI Sample Logistics, Genotyping and Variation Informatics Facilities.</p><p><bold>GoDARTS:</bold> The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust, Tenovus Tayside and the Medical Research Council UK.</p><p><bold>Health ABC:</bold> This study was supported by NIA contracts N01AG62101, N01AG62103 and N01AG62106, and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. The GWAS was funded by NIA grant 1R01AG032098-01A1 to Wake Forest University Health Sciences and genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). CIDR is fully funded through a federal contract from the National Institutes of Health to The Johns Hopkins University, contract number HHSN268200782096C.</p><p><bold>Health2000:</bold> The Health 2000 Study is funded by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), the Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), The Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA), The Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA) and other organizations listed on the website of the survey (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.terveys2000.fi">http://www.terveys2000.fi</ext-link>). GWAS genotyping was supported by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.</p><p><bold>InChianti:</bold> The InCHIANTI study baseline (1998-2000) was supported as a “targeted project” (ICS110.1/RF97.71) by the Italian Ministry of Health and in part by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (Contracts: 263 MD 9164 and 263 MD 821336).</p><p><bold>KORA F4:</bold> The MONICA/KORA Augsburg studies were financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München-Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany and supported by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) the Federal Ministry of Health (Berlin, Germany), the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the state North Rhine-Westphalia (Düsseldorf, Germany), the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN) and the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ. We thank all members of field staffs who were involved in the planning and conduct of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg studies.</p><p><bold>LEIPZIG_ADULT_IFB:</bold> This work was supported by grants from Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (K7-36 to M.S. and A.K.) and from the Clinical Research Group “Atherobesity” KFO 152 (projects BL 833/1-1 to M.B., and Stu192/6-1 to MS). We thank all those who participated in the studies.</p><p><bold>LEIPZIG_CHILHOOD_IFB:</bold> This work was supported by grants from Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (K7-36 to A.K. and M.S.) and from the Clinical Research Group “Atherobesity” KFO 152 (projects KO3512/1-2 to A.K.). We are grateful to all the patients and families for contributing to the study. We highly appreciate the support of the Obesity Team and Auxo Team of the Leipzig University Children’s Hospital for management of the patients and to the Pediatric Research Center Lab Team for support with DNA banking.</p><p><bold>LURIC:</bold> LURIC received funding through the 6th Framework Program (integrated project Bloodomics, grant LSHM-CT-2004-503485) and 7th of Framework Program (integrated project AtheroRemo, Grant Agreement number 201668) of the European Union. The authors extend appreciation to the participants of the LURIC study without their collaboration this article would not have been written. We thank the LURIC study team either temporarily or permanently involved in patient recruitment, sample and data handling, and the laboratory staff at the Ludwigshafen General Hospital and the Universities of Freiburg and Ulm, Germany.</p><p><bold>METSIM:</bold> The METSIM study was funded by the Academy of Finland (grants no. 77299 and 124243).</p><p><bold>MICROS:</bold> For the MICROS study, we thank the primary care practitioners Raffaela Stocker, Stefan Waldner, Toni Pizzecco, Josef Plangger, Ugo Marcadent and the personnel of the Hospital of Silandro (Department of Laboratory Medicine) for their participation and collaboration in the research project. In South Tyrol, the study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Department of Educational Assistance, University and Research of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, and the South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation.</p><p><bold>NFBC66:</bold> NFBC1986(1966) received financial support from the Academy of Finland (project grants 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVE), University Hospital Oulu, Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland (75617), the European Commission (EURO-BLCS, Framework 5 award QLG1-CT-2000-01643), NHLBI grant 5R01HL087679-02 through the STAMPEED program (1RL1MH083268-01), NIH/NIMH (5R01MH63706:02), ENGAGE project and grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, the Medical Research Council, UK (G0500539, G0600705, PrevMetSyn/SALVE) and the Wellcome Trust (project grant GR069224), UK. The DNA extractions, sample quality controls, biobank up-keeping and aliquotting was performed in the National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland and supported financially by the Academy of Finland and Biocentrum Helsinki. We thank Paula Rantakallio (launch of NFBC1966 and 1986) and Outi Tornwall and Minttu Jussila (DNA biobanking). The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the late Academian of Science Leena Peltonen.</p><p><bold>NFBC86:</bold> The research of Vasiliki Lagou is funded in part through the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ENGAGE project, grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413. The research of Inga Prokopenko is funded in part through the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ENGAGE project, grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413.</p><p><bold>NTRNESDA:</bold> Funding was obtained from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO: MagW/ZonMW, 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032); Spinozapremie (SPI 56-464-14192); CMSB: Center for Medical Systems Biology (NWO Genomics); NBIC/BioAssist/RK/2008.024); BBMRI–NL: Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (184.021.007); the VU University: Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+ ) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA); the European Science Foundation (ESF): Genomewide analyses of European twin and population cohorts (EU/QLRT-2001-01254); European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013): ENGAGE (HEALTH-F4-2007-201413); the European Science Council (ERC) Genetics of Mental Illness (230374); Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement (NIMH U24 MH068457-06); Collaborative study of the genetics of DZ twinning (NIH R01D0042157-01A); the Genetic Association Information Network, a public–private partnership between the NIH and Pfizer Inc., Affymetrix Inc. and Abbott Laboratories.</p><p><bold>ORCADES:</bold> ORCADES was supported by the Scottish Executive Health Department and the Royal Society and the European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947). DNA extractions were performed at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility in Edinburgh. We would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of Lorraine Anderson, the research nurses in Orkney, and the administrative team in Edinburgh.</p><p><bold>PIVUS:</bold> Genotyping was performed by the SNP&SEQ Technology Platform in Uppsala (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genotyping.se">www.genotyping.se</ext-link>). We thank Tomas Axelsson, Ann-Christine Wiman and Caisa Pöntinen for their excellent assistance with genotyping. The SNP Technology Platform is supported by Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital and the Swedish Research Council for Infrastructures. E.I. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.</p><p><bold>PREVEND:</bold> PREVEND genetics is supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation (Grant E033), the National Institutes of Health (grant LM010098), The Netherlands organisation for health research and development (NWO VENI grant 916.761.70) and the Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN).</p><p><bold>PROCARDIS:</bold> The PROCARDIS study was supported by the European Community Sixth Framework Program (LSHM-CT-2007-037273), AstraZeneca, the British Heart Foundation, the Oxford BHF Centre of Research Excellence, the Wellcome Trust (075491/Z/04), the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, the Strategic Cardiovascular Program of Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, the Foundation for Strategic Research and the Stockholm County Council (560283).</p><p><bold>PROSPER:</bold> The PROSPER/PHASE study has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° HEALTH-F2-2009-223004. PROSPER/PHASE is supported by grants from the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN) and the Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research both Institutes of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the Center for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), a center of excellence approved by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA). The research leading to the PROSPER study was sponsored by Bristol Myers Squibb (New York, USA).</p><p><bold>Rotterdam Study:</bold> The generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the Rotterdam Study are supported by the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments (nr. 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012). This study is funded by the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) project nr. 050-060-810. We thank Pascal Arp, Mila Jhamai, Marijn Verkerk, Lizbeth Herrera and Marjolein Peters for their help in creating the GWAS database, and Karol Estrada and Maksim V. Struchalin for their support in creation and analysis of imputed data. The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. The authors are grateful to the study participants, the staff from the Rotterdam Study and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists.</p><p><bold>SardiNIA:</bold> The authors thank all the volunteers and the major of the four towns involved. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and by contract NO1-AG-1-2109, from the NIA, to the SardiNIA (“ProgeNIA”) team.</p><p><bold>SCARFSHEEP:</bold> European Commission (LSHM-CT-2007-037273), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2669, 8691), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Foundation for Strategic Research, the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, the Strategic Cardiovascular Programme of Karolinska Institutet and the Stockholm County Council and the Stockholm County Council (560183).</p><p><bold>SORBS:</bold> This work was supported by grants from Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (K7-36 to M.S. and A.K.), from the Clinical Research Group “Atherobesity” KFO 152 (projects BL 833/1-1 to MB, and Stu192/6-1 to M.S.). We thank all those who participated in the studies. Reedik Mägi acknowledges financial support from the European Commission under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship. Peter Kovacs acknowledges financial support from the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation.</p><p><bold>SUVIMAX :</bold> This work was supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, the Université Paris 13, the Centre National de Génotypage and the Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique</p><p><bold>Swedish Twin Registry:</bold> This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (AG028555, AG08724, AG04563, AG10175, AG08861), the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science and ENGAGE (within the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413). Genotyping was performed by the SNP&SEQ Technology Platform in Uppsala (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genotyping.se">http://www.genotyping.se</ext-link>). We thank Tomas Axelsson, Ann-Christine Wiman and Caisa Pöntinen for their excellent assistance with genotyping. The SNP Technology Platform is supported by Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital and the Swedish Research Council for Infrastructures.</p><p><bold>THISEAS:</bold> Recruitment for THISEAS was partially funded by a research grant (PENED 2003) from the Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology. We thank all the dieticians and clinicians for their contribution to the project.</p><p><bold>TRAILS:</bold> TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) is a collaborative project involving various departments of the University Medical Center and University of Groningen, the Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the University of Utrecht, the Radboud Medical Center Nijmegen, and the Parnassia Bavo group, all in The Netherlands. TRAILS has been financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO (Medical Research Council program grant GB-MW 940-38-011; ZonMW Brainpower grant 100-001-004; ZonMw Risk Behavior and Dependence grants 60-60600-98-018 and 60-60600-97-118; ZonMw Culture and Health grant 261-98-710; Social Sciences Council medium-sized investment grants GB-MaGW 480-01-006 and GB-MaGW 480-07-001; Social Sciences Council project grants GB-MaGW 457-03-018, GB-MaGW 452-04-314, and GB-MaGW 452-06-004; NWO large-sized investment grant 175.010.2003.005; NWO Longitudinal Survey and Panel Funding 481-08-013); the Sophia Foundation for Medical Research (projects 301 and 393), the Dutch Ministry of Justice (WODC), the European Science Foundation (EuroSTRESS project FP-006) and the participating universities. We are grateful to all adolescents, their parents and teachers who participated in this research and to everyone who worked on this project and made it possible. Statistical analyses were carried out on the Genetic Cluster Computer (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.geneticcluster.org">http://www.geneticcluster.org</ext-link>), which is financially supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO 480-05-003) along with a supplement from the Dutch Brain Foundation.</p><p><bold>TwinsUK:</bold> The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust; European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/grant agreement HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS and (FP7/2007-2013), ENGAGE project grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 and the FP-5 GenomEUtwin Project (QLG2-CT-2002-01254). The study also receives support from the Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London. T.D.S. is an NIHR senior Investigator. The project also received support from a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) project grant (G20234). The authors acknowledge the funding and support of the National Eye Institute via an NIH/CIDR genotyping project (PI: Terri Young).</p><p><bold>ULSAM:</bold> Genotyping was performed by the SNP&SEQ Technology Platform in Uppsala (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genotyping.se">www.genotyping.se</ext-link>). We thank Tomas Axelsson, Ann-Christine Wiman and Caisa Pöntinen for their excellent assistance with genotyping. The SNP Technology Platform is supported by Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital and the Swedish Research Council for Infrastructures. E.I. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.</p><p><bold>Whitehall II:</bold> The WHII study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; BHF; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health. Genotyping in WHII was supported by BHF grant PG/07/133/24260 and by a MRC-GSK pilot programme grant (ID 85374).</p><p>Soumya Raychaudhuri is supported by the National Institutes of Health (K08AR055688, S.R.).</p></ack><fn-group><fn id="FN3"><p id="P54"><bold>COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS</bold> Ines Barroso and spouse own stock in GlaxoSmithkline and Incyte Ltd.</p></fn><fn id="FN4"><p id="P55"><bold>EdSumm (same for AOP and issue):</bold> Jose Florez, Claudia Langenberg, Erik Ingelsson, Inga Prokopenko, Inês Barroso and colleagues perform large-scale association analyses using the Metabochip to gain further insights into the genetic architecture of glucose regulation. 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Genet</source><year>2007</year><volume>81</volume><fpage>559</fpage><lpage>575</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17701901</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><boxed-text position="float" id="BX1" orientation="portrait"><label>Box 1</label><sec id="S27"><title>Fasting glucose</title><p><italic><bold>IKBKAP</bold></italic> (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in β-cells, kinase complex-associated protein) encodes a scaffold protein that binds IKKs and NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), assembling them into different active complexes. Splicing mutations in this gene lead to familial dysautonomia<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R56">56</xref></sup>. Also mapping to this region are <italic><bold>C9orf4</bold>, <bold>C9orf5</bold></italic> and <italic><bold>C9orf6</bold></italic><bold>,</bold><italic><bold>MIR32</bold></italic> (microRNA 32, unknown function), as well as <italic><bold>ACTL7A</bold></italic> (actin-like 7A) and <italic><bold>ACTL7B</bold></italic> (actin-like 7B).</p><p><italic><bold>WARS</bold></italic> (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(Trp) with tryptophan. The intronic SNP rs3783347 is associated with <italic>WARS</italic> expression in liver: the glucose-raising allele associated with lower mRNA expression (age- and sex-adjusted <italic>P</italic> = 4.19 × 10<sup>−5</sup>) and is in perfect LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 1, D’ = 1) with a 3′UTR SNP in <italic>SLC25A47</italic> (rs3736952) and in modest LD (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.3, D’ = 1) with non-synonymous Arg135Leu (qualified as tolerated by SIFT and probably damaging by Polyphen). Nearby <italic><bold>YY1</bold></italic> (YY1 transcription factor) codes for a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in regulating a broad set of promoters. It has been suggested that YY1-regulated transcription is linked to glucose metabolism via O-GlcNAcylation<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">57</xref></sup>.</p><p><italic><bold>KL</bold></italic> (klotho) encodes a type-I membrane protein related to β-glucosidases. rs576674 lies ~36 kb upstream of <italic>KL</italic>. Variation in <italic>KL</italic> has been associated with insulin regulation, insulin resistance phenotypes and cardiovascular disease in some studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R58">58</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R59">59</xref></sup> but <italic>KL</italic> variants were not associated with diabetes risk<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R60">60</xref></sup>. The various SNPs in these studies are all in weak LD with rs576674 (<italic>r<sup>2</sup></italic> < 0.125). Variation in <italic>KL</italic> is also associated with bone metabolism and may play a role in associations of energy metabolism with bone metabolism<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R61">61</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R62">62</xref></sup>.</p><p><italic><bold>TOP1</bold></italic> (topoisomerase (DNA) I). rs6072275 is intronic in <italic>TOP1</italic> and lies in a large region of high LD in Europeans, which includes the plausible biological candidate <italic><bold>LPIN3</bold></italic> (lipin 3). In mice, a related homolog <italic>Lpin1</italic> is associated with fatty liver dystrophy<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R63">63</xref></sup>, a phenotype similar to human lipodystrophy (loss of body fat, fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance). <italic>Lpin1</italic> mRNA is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue and induced during differentiation of preadipocytes, suggesting that lipin is required for normal adipose tissue development, while <italic>LPIN2</italic> has been suggested to be associated with T2D and glucose metabolism<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R64">64</xref></sup>. rs6072275 lies in the middle of a large CNV that extends from within the 3′ end of <italic>TOP1</italic> to the 5′ end of <italic><bold>PLCG1</bold></italic> (phospholipase C, gamma 1).</p><p><italic><bold>P2RX2</bold></italic> (purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2). rs10747083 lies in a small CNV about 150 kb upstream of five protein-coding genes, including <italic><bold>P2RX2</bold></italic>, encoding one of a family of purinoceptors for ATP; <italic><bold>GALNT9</bold></italic> (UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 9 (GalNAc-T9), encoding a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes and expressed specifically in the brain; <italic><bold>FBRSL1</bold></italic> (fibrosin-like 1); <italic><bold>PXMP2</bold></italic> (peroxisomal membrane protein 2, 22 kDa); <italic><bold>PGAM5</bold></italic> (phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5), and within 184 kb downstream, <italic><bold>POLE</bold></italic> (polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon) and <italic><bold>LOC100130238</bold></italic> (hypothetical LOC100130238) a miscRNA.</p><p><italic><bold>LOC728489</bold></italic>. rs3829109 is in low LD with a well-established locus for inflammatory bowel disease. Two recent publications reported <italic>CARD9</italic> SNP rs10781499 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.29) to be associated with ulcerative colitis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R65">65</xref></sup>, and <italic>CARD9</italic>-<italic>SNAPC4</italic> SNP rs4077515 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.27) to be associated with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R66">66</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R67">67</xref></sup>.Several genes are located in the region, but few with high plausibility for a role in glycemia.</p><p><italic><bold>AMT</bold></italic> encodes the mitochondrial aminomethyltransferase which is a critical component of the glycine cleavage system. Depending upon the <italic>AMT</italic> transcript, rs11715915 is located in 3′UTR or within coding regions, where it causes a synonymous substitution. This SNP is also located downstream of <italic><bold>TCTA</bold></italic> (T-cell leukemia translocation altered), which has no known metabolic function, and upstream of <italic><bold>RHOA</bold></italic> (ras homolog family member A). RHOA is a signaling molecule involved actin cytoskeleton stability and reorganization<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">68</xref></sup> that binds and activates Rho kinase (ROCK), a regulator of insulin transcription<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">69</xref></sup> and action<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">70</xref></sup> that is differentially regulated in T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R71">71</xref></sup> and hypothesized to play a role in glucose homeostasis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">70</xref></sup>.</p><p><italic><bold>GLS2</bold></italic> encodes liver-expressed glutaminase 2, which is required for hydrolysis of glutamine. rs2657879 causes a benign (Polyphen) amino acid change (Leu581Pro) in the GLS2 protein. The GLS2 protein is highly expressed (human protein atlas) by both liver and pancreas, and it has been shown in liver tumors that alterations in the balance of GLS2:GLS1 (the kidney-specific homolog) activity are important for regulating glutamate metabolism<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R72">72</xref></sup>. The other gene in this region <italic><bold>SPRYD4</bold></italic> (SPRY domain containing 4) has no known function in metabolism.</p><p><italic><bold>RREB1</bold></italic> (ras responsive element binding protein 1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, with rs17762454 lying in an intron in the gene. The protein product of <italic>RREB1</italic> binds to RAS-responsive elements (RREs) of gene promoters, including the calcitonin gene promoter. The role of <italic>RREB1</italic> in energy metabolism is not known. An uncorrelated SNP at this locus (rs675209) was associated with serum urate levels (<italic>P</italic> = 1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>) in a GWAS of serum urate, gout and cardiovascular disease risk factors<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">73</xref></sup>. Another gene at this locus, <italic><bold>SSR1</bold></italic> (signal sequence receptor, alpha), encodes a glycosylated endoplasmic reticulum membrane receptor associated with protein translocation across the ER membrane. Reactome pathway analysis places this gene in a module with key roles in the synthesis and function of insulin, insulin-like growth factors and ghrelin, making this gene a plausible biological candidate at this locus (REACTOME: REACT_15380). A third gene at this locus, <italic><bold>CAGE1</bold></italic>, encodes cancer antigen 1. <italic>CAGE1</italic> has no known role in metabolism.</p></sec><sec id="S28"><title>Fasting Insulin</title><p><italic><bold>TET2</bold></italic> encodes the tet oncogene family member 2, isoform b, which catalyzes the conversion of methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. The enzyme is involved in myelopoiesis, and defects in this gene have been associated with several myeloproliferative disorders (NCBI RefSeq). Perhaps more relevant to glycemic regulation is <italic><bold>PPA2</bold></italic>, which encodes the inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 isoform 1 precursor. Its protein product is localized to mitochondria; it has high homology to members of the inorganic pyrophosphatase family, including the signature sequence essential for its catalytic activity (NCBI RefSeq). Pyrophosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate.</p><p><italic><bold>HIP1</bold></italic> encodes the huntingtin interacting protein 1, a membrane-associated protein that colocalizes with huntingtin. It is ubiquitously expressed with the highest level in brain. Loss of normal huntingtin-HIP1 interaction in Huntington’s disease may contribute to a defect in membrane-cytoskeletal integrity in the brain. Of interest to insulin action, HIP1 is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and trafficking. Mice transgenic for the mutated form of huntingtin develop diabetes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">74</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R75">75</xref></sup>; however, though Hip1/Hip1r double-knockout mice have severe vertebral defects, suffer from dwarfism and die in early adulthood, they do not show any fasting glucose abnormalities<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">76</xref></sup>. The lead SNP (rs1167800) is only 104 bp away from a missense SNP (rs1167801), encoding a Gln to His amino acid change; however, LD between them is low (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.196).</p><p><italic><bold>FAM13A</bold></italic> (family with sequence similarity 13, member A) encodes a protein with unknown function. Previous GWAS for the study of lung function measures<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R77">77</xref></sup> and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R78">78</xref></sup> described variants in <italic>FAM13A</italic> that affect these traits. <italic><bold>SPP1</bold>,</italic> encoding osteopontin, a secreted matrix glycoprotein and pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, is within 1 Mb. Mice exposed to high fat diet show increased circulating osteopontin and over-expression of Spp1 in the macrophages recruited into adipose tissue improved insulin sensitivity<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R79">79</xref></sup>, while SPP1 was highly expressed in obese twins relative to their non-obese siblings<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R80">80</xref></sup>. Recent work linked osteopontin to β-cell function through the GIP pathway<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R81">81</xref></sup>. In carriers of the <italic>GIPR</italic> variant associated with impaired glucose and GIP-stimulated insulin secretion, osteopontin levels were lower compared to non carriers. In addition, both GIP and osteopontin prevented cytokine-induced apoptosis and osteopontin-stimulated cell proliferation of functional β-cell mass.</p><p><italic><bold>PEPD</bold></italic> (peptidase D) encodes a member of the peptidase family. The protein forms a homodimer that hydrolyzes dipeptides or tripeptides with C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline residues. The enzyme serves an important role in the recycling of proline, and may be rate limiting for collagen production. <italic><bold>CEBPA</bold></italic> (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) alpha) is ~100 kb downstream of the lead SNP and encodes a transcription factor expressed in adipose tissue that regulates a number of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism genes. A SNP in low LD with our lead SNP was previously associated with triglyceride levels<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R82">82</xref></sup>. Cells from <italic>Cebpa</italic> (-/-) mice show a complete absence of insulin-stimulated glucose transport, secondary to reduced gene expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS1 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R83">83</xref>). CEBPA also modulates expression of leptin by binding to the promoter of the gene<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R84">84</xref></sup>, and our lead SNP showed modest association with BMI in previous GIANT meta-analyses (<italic>P</italic> = 0.005).</p><p><italic><bold>YSK4</bold></italic> (Sps1/Ste20-related kinase homolog) contains rs1530559 in an intron. This gene has no known function in human energy metabolism. Three other genes at this locus also have no known role in energy metabolism, including <italic><bold>RAB3GAP1</bold></italic> (RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 1 (catalytic), encoding the catalytic subunit of a Rab GTPase activating protein and mutated in Warburg micro syndrome; <italic><bold>CCNT2</bold></italic> (cyclin T2), belonging to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle; and <italic><bold>ACMSD</bold></italic> (aminocarboxymuconate semialdehyde decarboxylase), involved in the <italic>de novo</italic> synthesis pathway of NAD from tryptophan. <italic>ACMSD</italic> has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders.</p></sec><sec id="S29"><title>2h Glucose</title><p><italic><bold>ERAP2</bold></italic> (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2) encodes an aminopeptidase that hydrolyzes N-terminal amino acids of proteins or peptide substrates. The lead SNP is strongly associated with <italic>ERAP2</italic> expression in liver (<italic>P</italic> = 1.1 × 10<sup>−55</sup>) and in lymphoblastoid cell lines in individuals from the CEU (<italic>P</italic> = 8 × 10<sup>−21</sup>) and YRI samples (<italic>P</italic> = 2 × 10<sup>−15</sup>). Also near to this lead SNP is <italic><bold>LNPEP</bold></italic> (leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase), which is widely expressed and well characterised in muscle and fat cells. In response to insulin, LNPEP translocates to the cell surface and co-localizes with GLUT4 (ref. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R85">85</xref>). Although the role it plays in insulin action is unknown, this translocation is impaired in individuals with T2D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R85">85</xref></sup>. <italic><bold>PCSK1</bold></italic> is also within 500 kb of the lead SNP, although on the other side of a recombination hotspot (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Fig. 4d</xref>).</p></sec></boxed-text><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Associations between glycemic loci and T2D, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, BMI and WHR. Loci associated with the above traits (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) are highlighted. Those with positively correlated effect directions are colored yellow, and those with negative correlations are colored blue. Those which did not reach a <italic>q</italic>-value < 0.05 in FDR analyses are also marked.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-49338-f0001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Per-allele beta-coefficients for glucose and insulin concentrations vs. odds ratios for T2D. (<bold>a</bold>) Fasting glucose vs. T2D. (<bold>b</bold>) Fasting insulin vs. T2D. (<bold>c</bold>) Fasting insulin adjusted for BMI vs. T2D. (<bold>d</bold>) 2-h glucose vs. T2D.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-49338-f0002"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-49338-f0003"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-49338-f0004"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-49338-f0005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>SNPs associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and 2 hour-glucose at genome-wide significance level in Europeans</p></caption><table frame="void" rules="none"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Primary<break></break>trait</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FI<break></break>(BMI-<break></break>adjusted)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2hGlu</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Primary<break></break>Trait</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Position</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<break></break>(effect/<break></break>other)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Freq<break></break>effect<break></break>allele</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect (SE)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysis<break></break><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysis <italic>n</italic></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I<sup>2</sup><break></break>estimate<break></break>(<italic>P</italic><break></break>value)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<break></break>(SE)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysis <italic>P</italic><break></break>value</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysi<break></break>s <italic>n</italic></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<break></break>(SE)</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysis <italic>P</italic><break></break>value</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break>analysi<break></break>s <italic>n</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs10811661</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22124094</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CDKN2B</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0238<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6 × 10<sup>−18</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,488</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0065<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,880</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0567<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.8 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,801</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4869272</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95565204</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PCSK1</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0177<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 × 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131,872</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0016<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.469</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,493</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0322<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,848</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11619319</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27385599</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PDX1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0195<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 × 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132,996</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.977</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,492</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0185<break></break>(0.013)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.156</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,848</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><bold>FG</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs983309</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9215142</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPP1R3B</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0256<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 × 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,470</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14<break></break>(0.32)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0223<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,024</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0548<break></break>(0.016)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6943153</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50759073</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GRB10</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0154<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131,795</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0091<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,447</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0110<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.333</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,794</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11603334</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72110633</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ARAP1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0192<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,139</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0046<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,026</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0294<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,839</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6113722</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22505099</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FOXA2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0353<break></break>(0.005)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123,665</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04<break></break>(0.78)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0095<break></break>(0.005)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,471</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0493<break></break>(0.030)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.101</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41,416</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs16913693</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110720180</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IKBKAP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0434<break></break>(0.007)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">125,115</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0018<break></break>(0.007)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.785</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96,357</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0639<break></break>(0.034)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.062</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40,522</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs3829109</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138376587</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LOC728489</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0172<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115,310</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25<break></break>(0.07)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0002<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.948</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,964</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0343<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36,803</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3783347</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99909014</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>WARS</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0168<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132,544</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02<break></break>(0.89)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0017<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.515</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,339</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0274<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.044</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,850</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2302593</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50888474</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GIPR</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0144<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,141</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27<break></break>(0.05</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0025<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.265</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96,976</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0322<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40,781</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9368222</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20794975</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CDKAL1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0143<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,453</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09<break></break>(0.50)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0047<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,894</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0279<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,825</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs10747083</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131551691</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P2RX2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0133<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,111</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0006<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.785</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,895</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0269<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,790</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs6072275</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39177319</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TOP1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0159<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,616</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0038<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.169</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,018</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0110<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.435</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,853</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7651090</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186996086</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IGF2BP2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0128<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,548</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02<break></break>(0.86)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.900</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,924</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0583<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,814</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs576674</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32452302</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>KL</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0167<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131,856</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0001<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.983</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,472</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0308<break></break>(0.016)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs11715915</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49430334</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AMT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0120<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131,523</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30<break></break>(0.02)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0059<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,398</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0273<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,851</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="16" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><bold>FG (BMI-adjusted)</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17762454</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7158199</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RREB1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0140<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123,247</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0002<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.919</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,470</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0007<break></break>(0.013)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.953</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,848</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7708285</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76461623</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ZBED3</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0150<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117,931</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0027<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.265</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,341</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0349<break></break>(0.013)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,803</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2657879</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55151605</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GLS2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0157<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121,596</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39<break></break>(0.03)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0024<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.366</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102,175</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0200<break></break>(0.014)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.164</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,670</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="16" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Primary</bold><break></break><bold>trait</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>FG</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2hGlu</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1421085</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52358455</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FTO</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0200<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9 × 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104,062</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,597</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0122<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.278</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><bold>FI</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs983309</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9215142</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPP1R3B</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0287<break></break>(0.004)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8 × 10<sup>−14</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,030</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04<break></break>(0.77)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0256<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 × 10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,470</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0548<break></break>(0.016)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs9884482</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106301085</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TET2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0165<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108,420</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.946</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132,869</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.973</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,745</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7903146</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114748339</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TCF7L2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0181<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,037</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31<break></break>(0.02)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0220<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7 × 10<sup>−20</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,477</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0885<break></break>(0.013)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,851</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10195252</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165221337</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GRB14</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0159<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,126</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0053<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,005</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0361<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1167800</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75014132</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>HIP1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0156<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,416</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0016<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.470</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,536</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0133<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.272</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38,884</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2820436</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">217707303</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LYPLAL1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0153<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104,044</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01<break></break>(0.97)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0077<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,580</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0041<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.723</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,843</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs2745353</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127494628</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>RSPO3</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0143<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104,075</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06<break></break>(0.67)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0009<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.677</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128,615</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0005<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.962</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,853</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs731839</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38590905</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PEPD</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0145<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104,636</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13<break></break>(0.38)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0046<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132,528</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0142<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.220</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4865796</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53308421</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ARL15</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0146<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100,001</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03<break></break>(0.81)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0043<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,784</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0337<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,852</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2972143</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">226824609</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IRS1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0142<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,566</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0035<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.107</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127,473</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0195<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.082</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,853</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1530559</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135472099</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>YSK4</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0145<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107,281</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19<break></break>(0.18)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0037<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.100</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129,880</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0200<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.077</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17" align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2943645</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">226807424</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IRS1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0193<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3 × 10<sup>−19</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,023</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0034<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.112</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127475</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0210<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.061</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10195252</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165221337</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GRB14</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0174<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 × 10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,997</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0053<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127005</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0361<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,846</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2126259</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9222556</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPP1R3B</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0238<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3 × 10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,021</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14<break></break>(0.51)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0213<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127480</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0877<break></break>(0.017)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><bold>FI (BMI-adjusted)</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4865796</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53308421</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ARL15</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0154<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,314</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48<break></break>(0.01)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0043<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127784</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0337<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,852</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17036328</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12365484</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPARG</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0212<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,984</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21<break></break>(0.31)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0051<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.103</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">128567</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0335<break></break>(0.016)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,843</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>rs731839</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38590905</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PEPD</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0148<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1 × 10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,252</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13<break></break>(0.55)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0046<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132528</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0142<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.220</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,847</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs974801</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106290513</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TET2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0139<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,489</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09<break></break>(0.67)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0012<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.582</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131866</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0052<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.643</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs459193</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55842508</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ANKRD55/M</italic><break></break><italic>AP3K1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0147<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,378</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27<break></break>(0.17)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0111<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132989</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0276<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,849</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6822892</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157954125</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PDGFC</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0138<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,432</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0010<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.636</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132951</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0256<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,836</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4846565</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">217788727</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>LYPLAL1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0132<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,014</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0066<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127468</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0132<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.254</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,853</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs3822072</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89960292</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FAM13A1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0116<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99,977</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0025<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129432</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0161<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.143</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,850</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6912327</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34872900</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>UHRF1BP1</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0165<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80,010</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04<break></break>(0.91)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103826</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0139</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.391</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34,761</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Primary</bold><break></break><bold>trait</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>FG</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>FI</bold><break></break><bold>(BMI-</bold><break></break><bold>adjuste</bold><break></break><bold>d)</bold></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="16" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><bold>2hGlu</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs6975024</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44198411</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GCK</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1026<break></break>(0.016)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,842</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0605<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 × 10<sup>−99</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,517</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0063<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,458</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11782386</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9239197</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PPP1R3B</italic>*</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0985<break></break>(0.017)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,852</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00<break></break>(1.00)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0167<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100,595</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0164<break></break>(0.003)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95,565</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1019503</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96280573</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ERAP2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0628<break></break>(0.011)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,851</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.6<break></break>(0.42)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0061<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108,113</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.851</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103,448</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="16" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2hGlu</bold><break></break><bold>(BMI-</bold><break></break><bold>adjusted)</bold></td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7651090</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186996086</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IGF2BP2</italic></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064<break></break>(0.012)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,792</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.4<break></break>(0.01)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0128<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104,019</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003<break></break>(0.002)</td><td align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.900</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,924</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><p id="P56">Genome-wide loci for fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), FI (adjusted for BMI) and 2hGlu are shown along with results for the other traits aligned to the trait-raising allele for the primary trait. “Non-MAGIC” SNPs (identified in other consortia and selected for the Metabochip to follow-up on other non-MAGIC traits) are indicated in bold. Freq denotes the allele frequency of the primary trait-raising allele. Per allele effect (SE) for FI represents changes of natural-log transformed levels of FI. <italic>N</italic> represents sample size. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I<sup>2</sup> index<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R86">86</xref></sup>. The gene shown is the nearest gene to the lead SNP, other than those loci marked with an asterisk. For these loci, the nearest gene is also listed in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 2a-d</xref>.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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