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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B" last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Weiyin" sort="Zhou, Weiyin" uniqKey="Zhou W" first="Weiyin" last="Zhou">Weiyin Zhou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wacholder, Sholom" sort="Wacholder, Sholom" uniqKey="Wacholder S" first="Sholom" last="Wacholder">Sholom Wacholder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Santiago, Benjamin" sort="Rodriguez Santiago, Benjamin" uniqKey="Rodriguez Santiago B" first="Benjamin" last="Rodriguez-Santiago">Benjamin Rodriguez-Santiago</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Amy" sort="Hutchinson, Amy" uniqKey="Hutchinson A" first="Amy" last="Hutchinson">Amy Hutchinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Xiang" sort="Deng, Xiang" uniqKey="Deng X" first="Xiang" last="Deng">Xiang Deng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Chenwei" sort="Liu, Chenwei" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chenwei" last="Liu">Chenwei Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horner, Marie Josephe" sort="Horner, Marie Josephe" uniqKey="Horner M" first="Marie-Josephe" last="Horner">Marie-Josephe Horner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cullen, Michael" sort="Cullen, Michael" uniqKey="Cullen M" first="Michael" last="Cullen">Michael Cullen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Epstein, Caroline G" sort="Epstein, Caroline G" uniqKey="Epstein C" first="Caroline G" last="Epstein">Caroline G. Epstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burdett, Laurie" sort="Burdett, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdett L" first="Laurie" last="Burdett">Laurie Burdett</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dean, Michael C" sort="Dean, Michael C" uniqKey="Dean M" first="Michael C" last="Dean">Michael C. Dean</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI- Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" sort="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" uniqKey="Chatterjee N" first="Nilanjan" last="Chatterjee">Nilanjan Chatterjee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampson, Joshua" sort="Sampson, Joshua" uniqKey="Sampson J" first="Joshua" last="Sampson">Joshua Sampson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Charles C" sort="Chung, Charles C" uniqKey="Chung C" first="Charles C" last="Chung">Charles C. Chung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovaks, Joseph" sort="Kovaks, Joseph" uniqKey="Kovaks J" first="Joseph" last="Kovaks">Joseph Kovaks</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gapstur, Susan M" sort="Gapstur, Susan M" uniqKey="Gapstur S" first="Susan M" last="Gapstur">Susan M. Gapstur</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Victoria L" sort="Stevens, Victoria L" uniqKey="Stevens V" first="Victoria L" last="Stevens">Victoria L. Stevens</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teras, Lauren T" sort="Teras, Lauren T" uniqKey="Teras L" first="Lauren T" last="Teras">Lauren T. Teras</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaudet, Mia M" sort="Gaudet, Mia M" uniqKey="Gaudet M" first="Mia M" last="Gaudet">Mia M. Gaudet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie J" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie J" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie J" last="Weinstein">Stephanie J. Weinstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8"> Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Philip R" sort="Taylor, Philip R" uniqKey="Taylor P" first="Philip R" last="Taylor">Philip R. Taylor</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freedman, Neal D" sort="Freedman, Neal D" uniqKey="Freedman N" first="Neal D" last="Freedman">Neal D. Freedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abnet, Christian C" sort="Abnet, Christian C" uniqKey="Abnet C" first="Christian C" last="Abnet">Christian C. Abnet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Alisa M" sort="Goldstein, Alisa M" uniqKey="Goldstein A" first="Alisa M" last="Goldstein">Alisa M. Goldstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Nan" sort="Hu, Nan" uniqKey="Hu N" first="Nan" last="Hu">Nan Hu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Kai" sort="Yu, Kai" uniqKey="Yu K" first="Kai" last="Yu">Kai Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Jian Min" sort="Yuan, Jian Min" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="Jian-Min" last="Yuan">Jian-Min Yuan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9"> Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10"> University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liao, Linda" sort="Liao, Linda" uniqKey="Liao L" first="Linda" last="Liao">Linda Liao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Ti" sort="Ding, Ti" uniqKey="Ding T" first="Ti" last="Ding">Ti Ding</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11"> Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiao, You Lin" sort="Qiao, You Lin" uniqKey="Qiao Y" first="You-Lin" last="Qiao">You-Lin Qiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12"> Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, Yu Tang" sort="Gao, Yu Tang" uniqKey="Gao Y" first="Yu-Tang" last="Gao">Yu-Tang Gao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13"> Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koh, Woon Puay" sort="Koh, Woon Puay" uniqKey="Koh W" first="Woon-Puay" last="Koh">Woon-Puay Koh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14"> Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiang, Yong Bing" sort="Xiang, Yong Bing" uniqKey="Xiang Y" first="Yong-Bing" last="Xiang">Yong-Bing Xiang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13"> Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Ze Zhong" sort="Tang, Ze Zhong" uniqKey="Tang Z" first="Ze-Zhong" last="Tang">Ze-Zhong Tang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11"> Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, Jin Hu" sort="Fan, Jin Hu" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Jin-Hu" last="Fan">Jin-Hu Fan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12"> Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aldrich, Melinda C" sort="Aldrich, Melinda C" uniqKey="Aldrich M" first="Melinda C" last="Aldrich">Melinda C. Aldrich</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15"> Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amos, Christopher" sort="Amos, Christopher" uniqKey="Amos C" first="Christopher" last="Amos">Christopher Amos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blot, William J" sort="Blot, William J" uniqKey="Blot W" first="William J" last="Blot">William J. Blot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18"> International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bock, Cathryn H" sort="Bock, Cathryn H" uniqKey="Bock C" first="Cathryn H" last="Bock">Cathryn H. Bock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19"> Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20"> Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillanders, Elizabeth M" sort="Gillanders, Elizabeth M" uniqKey="Gillanders E" first="Elizabeth M" last="Gillanders">Elizabeth M. Gillanders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21"> Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, Curtis C" sort="Harris, Curtis C" uniqKey="Harris C" first="Curtis C" last="Harris">Curtis C. Harris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22"> Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A" last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian E" sort="Henderson, Brian E" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian E" last="Henderson">Brian E. Henderson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N" last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcneill, Lorna H" sort="Mcneill, Lorna H" uniqKey="Mcneill L" first="Lorna H" last="Mcneill">Lorna H. Mcneill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25"> Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Office of the Vice-President, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas , USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26"> Center for Community Engaged Translational Research , Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rybicki, Benjamin A" sort="Rybicki, Benjamin A" uniqKey="Rybicki B" first="Benjamin A" last="Rybicki">Benjamin A. Rybicki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27"> Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Ann G" sort="Schwartz, Ann G" uniqKey="Schwartz A" first="Ann G" last="Schwartz">Ann G. Schwartz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19"> Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20"> Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Signorello, Lisa B" sort="Signorello, Lisa B" uniqKey="Signorello L" first="Lisa B" last="Signorello">Lisa B. Signorello</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18"> International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spitz, Margaret R" sort="Spitz, Margaret R" uniqKey="Spitz M" first="Margaret R" last="Spitz">Margaret R. Spitz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29"> Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiencke, John K" sort="Wiencke, John K" uniqKey="Wiencke J" first="John K" last="Wiencke">John K. Wiencke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wrensch, Margaret" sort="Wrensch, Margaret" uniqKey="Wrensch M" first="Margaret" last="Wrensch">Margaret Wrensch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zanetti, Krista A" sort="Zanetti, Krista A" uniqKey="Zanetti K" first="Krista A" last="Zanetti">Krista A. Zanetti</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21"> Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22"> Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ziegler, Regina G" sort="Ziegler, Regina G" uniqKey="Ziegler R" first="Regina G" last="Ziegler">Regina G. Ziegler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Figueroa, Jonine D" sort="Figueroa, Jonine D" uniqKey="Figueroa J" first="Jonine D" last="Figueroa">Jonine D. Figueroa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Closas, Montserrat" sort="Garcia Closas, Montserrat" uniqKey="Garcia Closas M" first="Montserrat" last="Garcia-Closas">Montserrat Garcia-Closas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31"> Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malats, Nuria" sort="Malats, Nuria" uniqKey="Malats N" first="Nuria" last="Malats">Nuria Malats</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32"> Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marenne, Gaelle" sort="Marenne, Gaelle" uniqKey="Marenne G" first="Gaelle" last="Marenne">Gaelle Marenne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32"> Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prokunina Olsson, Ludmila" sort="Prokunina Olsson, Ludmila" uniqKey="Prokunina Olsson L" first="Ludmila" last="Prokunina-Olsson">Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baris, Dalsu" sort="Baris, Dalsu" uniqKey="Baris D" first="Dalsu" last="Baris">Dalsu Baris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwenn, Molly" sort="Schwenn, Molly" uniqKey="Schwenn M" first="Molly" last="Schwenn">Molly Schwenn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33"> Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, Maine, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Alison" sort="Johnson, Alison" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Alison" last="Johnson">Alison Johnson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34"> Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, Vermont, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria Teresa" sort="Landi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Landi">Maria Teresa Landi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldin, Lynn" sort="Goldin, Lynn" uniqKey="Goldin L" first="Lynn" last="Goldin">Lynn Goldin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Consonni, Dario" sort="Consonni, Dario" uniqKey="Consonni D" first="Dario" last="Consonni">Dario Consonni</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36"> Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricevero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertazzi, Pier Alberto" sort="Bertazzi, Pier Alberto" uniqKey="Bertazzi P" first="Pier Alberto" last="Bertazzi">Pier Alberto Bertazzi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36"> Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricevero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotunno, Melissa" sort="Rotunno, Melissa" uniqKey="Rotunno M" first="Melissa" last="Rotunno">Melissa Rotunno</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajaraman, Preetha" sort="Rajaraman, Preetha" uniqKey="Rajaraman P" first="Preetha" last="Rajaraman">Preetha Rajaraman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andersson, Ulrika" sort="Andersson, Ulrika" uniqKey="Andersson U" first="Ulrika" last="Andersson">Ulrika Andersson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freeman, Laura E Beane" sort="Freeman, Laura E Beane" uniqKey="Freeman L" first="Laura E Beane" last="Freeman">Laura E Beane Freeman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berg, Christine D" sort="Berg, Christine D" uniqKey="Berg C" first="Christine D" last="Berg">Christine D. Berg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38"> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie E" sort="Buring, Julie E" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie E" last="Buring">Julie E. Buring</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39"> Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Butler, Mary A" sort="Butler, Mary A" uniqKey="Butler M" first="Mary A" last="Butler">Mary A. Butler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carreon, Tania" sort="Carreon, Tania" uniqKey="Carreon T" first="Tania" last="Carreon">Tania Carreon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feychting, Maria" sort="Feychting, Maria" uniqKey="Feychting M" first="Maria" last="Feychting">Maria Feychting</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42"> Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahlbom, Anders" sort="Ahlbom, Anders" uniqKey="Ahlbom A" first="Anders" last="Ahlbom">Anders Ahlbom</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42"> Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaziano, J Michael" sort="Gaziano, J Michael" uniqKey="Gaziano J" first="J Michael" last="Gaziano">J Michael Gaziano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43"> Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44"> Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G" last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45"> Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46"> Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Goran" last="Hallmans">Goran Hallmans</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47"> Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hankinson, Susan E" sort="Hankinson, Susan E" uniqKey="Hankinson S" first="Susan E" last="Hankinson">Susan E. Hankinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartge, Patricia" sort="Hartge, Patricia" uniqKey="Hartge P" first="Patricia" last="Hartge">Patricia Hartge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henriksson, Roger" sort="Henriksson, Roger" uniqKey="Henriksson R" first="Roger" last="Henriksson">Roger Henriksson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49"> Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inskip, Peter D" sort="Inskip, Peter D" uniqKey="Inskip P" first="Peter D" last="Inskip">Peter D. Inskip</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johansen, Christoffer" sort="Johansen, Christoffer" uniqKey="Johansen C" first="Christoffer" last="Johansen">Christoffer Johansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50"> Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landgren, Annelie" sort="Landgren, Annelie" uniqKey="Landgren A" first="Annelie" last="Landgren">Annelie Landgren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mckean Cowdin, Roberta" sort="Mckean Cowdin, Roberta" uniqKey="Mckean Cowdin R" first="Roberta" last="Mckean-Cowdin">Roberta Mckean-Cowdin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michaud, Dominique S" sort="Michaud, Dominique S" uniqKey="Michaud D" first="Dominique S" last="Michaud">Dominique S. Michaud</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melin, Beatrice S" sort="Melin, Beatrice S" uniqKey="Melin B" first="Beatrice S" last="Melin">Beatrice S. Melin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54"> Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruder, Avima M" sort="Ruder, Avima M" uniqKey="Ruder A" first="Avima M" last="Ruder">Avima M. Ruder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D" last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Severi, Gianluca" sort="Severi, Gianluca" uniqKey="Severi G" first="Gianluca" last="Severi">Gianluca Severi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45"> Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46"> Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shu, Xiao Ou" sort="Shu, Xiao Ou" uniqKey="Shu X" first="Xiao-Ou" last="Shu">Xiao-Ou Shu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visvanathan, Kala" sort="Visvanathan, Kala" uniqKey="Visvanathan K" first="Kala" last="Visvanathan">Kala Visvanathan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55"> Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54"> Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56"> Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" sort="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" uniqKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte A" first="Anne" last="Zeleniuch-Jacquotte">Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57"> Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Wei" sort="Zheng, Wei" uniqKey="Zheng W" first="Wei" last="Zheng">Wei Zheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silverman, Debra T" sort="Silverman, Debra T" uniqKey="Silverman D" first="Debra T" last="Silverman">Debra T. Silverman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58"> National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61"> Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Slaud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Juan R" sort="Gonzalez, Juan R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="Juan R" last="Gonzalez">Juan R. Gonzalez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59"> Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61"> Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Slaud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villa, Olaya" sort="Villa, Olaya" uniqKey="Villa O" first="Olaya" last="Villa">Olaya Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Donghui" sort="Li, Donghui" uniqKey="Li D" first="Donghui" last="Li">Donghui Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62"> Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duell, Eric J" sort="Duell, Eric J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="Eric J" last="Duell">Eric J. Duell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63"> Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL ), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Risch, Harvey A" sort="Risch, Harvey A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="Harvey A" last="Risch">Harvey A. Risch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64"> Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olson, Sara H" sort="Olson, Sara H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="Sara H" last="Olson">Sara H. Olson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolpin, Brian M" sort="Wolpin, Brian M" uniqKey="Wolpin B" first="Brian M" last="Wolpin">Brian M. Wolpin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66"> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiao, Li" sort="Jiao, Li" uniqKey="Jiao L" first="Li" last="Jiao">Li Jiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67"> Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassan, Manal" sort="Hassan, Manal" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="Manal" last="Hassan">Manal Hassan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62"> Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, William" sort="Wheeler, William" uniqKey="Wheeler W" first="William" last="Wheeler">William Wheeler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68"> Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arslan, Alan A" sort="Arslan, Alan A" uniqKey="Arslan A" first="Alan A" last="Arslan">Alan A. Arslan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69"> Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71"> New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bas Bueno De Mesquita, H" sort="Bas Bueno De Mesquita, H" uniqKey="Bas Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H" last="Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72"> Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73"> National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuchs, Charles S" sort="Fuchs, Charles S" uniqKey="Fuchs C" first="Charles S" last="Fuchs">Charles S. Fuchs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66"> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steven" sort="Gallinger, Steven" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steven" last="Gallinger">Steven Gallinger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gross, Myron D" sort="Gross, Myron D" uniqKey="Gross M" first="Myron D" last="Gross">Myron D. Gross</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75"> Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A" last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klein, Alison P" sort="Klein, Alison P" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Alison P" last="Klein">Alison P. Klein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77"> Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lacroix, Andrea" sort="Lacroix, Andrea" uniqKey="Lacroix A" first="Andrea" last="Lacroix">Andrea Lacroix</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandelson, Margaret T" sort="Mandelson, Margaret T" uniqKey="Mandelson M" first="Margaret T" last="Mandelson">Margaret T. Mandelson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78"> Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Gloria" sort="Petersen, Gloria" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="Gloria" last="Petersen">Gloria Petersen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79"> Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" sort="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Boutron Ruault M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Boutron-Ruault">Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80"> Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M" last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Canzian, Federico" sort="Canzian, Federico" uniqKey="Canzian F" first="Federico" last="Canzian">Federico Canzian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Kenneth" sort="Chang, Kenneth" uniqKey="Chang K" first="Kenneth" last="Chang">Kenneth Chang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82"> Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, Michelle" sort="Cotterchio, Michelle" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="Michelle" last="Cotterchio">Michelle Cotterchio</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83"> Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward L" sort="Giovannucci, Edward L" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward L" last="Giovannucci">Edward L. Giovannucci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85"> Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goggins, Michael" sort="Goggins, Michael" uniqKey="Goggins M" first="Michael" last="Goggins">Michael Goggins</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86"> Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87"> Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolton, Judith A Hoffman" sort="Bolton, Judith A Hoffman" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Judith A Hoffman" last="Bolton">Judith A Hoffman Bolton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55"> Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenab, Mazda" sort="Jenab, Mazda" uniqKey="Jenab M" first="Mazda" last="Jenab">Mazda Jenab</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88"> International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89"> Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Clinical Gerontology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krogh, Vittorio" sort="Krogh, Vittorio" uniqKey="Krogh V" first="Vittorio" last="Krogh">Vittorio Krogh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90"> Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Robert C" sort="Kurtz, Robert C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="Robert C" last="Kurtz">Robert C. Kurtz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91"> Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcwilliams, Robert R" sort="Mcwilliams, Robert R" uniqKey="Mcwilliams R" first="Robert R" last="Mcwilliams">Robert R. Mcwilliams</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92"> Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendelsohn, Julie B" sort="Mendelsohn, Julie B" uniqKey="Mendelsohn J" first="Julie B" last="Mendelsohn">Julie B. Mendelsohn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabe, Kari G" sort="Rabe, Kari G" uniqKey="Rabe K" first="Kari G" last="Rabe">Kari G. Rabe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79"> Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tj Nneland, Anne" sort="Tj Nneland, Anne" uniqKey="Tj Nneland A" first="Anne" last="Tj Nneland">Anne Tj Nneland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50"> Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tobias, Geoffrey S" sort="Tobias, Geoffrey S" uniqKey="Tobias G" first="Geoffrey S" last="Tobias">Geoffrey S. Tobias</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Trichopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Trichopoulos">Dimitrios Trichopoulos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93"> Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elena, Joanne W" sort="Elena, Joanne W" uniqKey="Elena J" first="Joanne W" last="Elena">Joanne W. Elena</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38"> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Herbert" sort="Yu, Herbert" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Herbert" last="Yu">Herbert Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amundadottir, Laufey" sort="Amundadottir, Laufey" uniqKey="Amundadottir L" first="Laufey" last="Amundadottir">Laufey Amundadottir</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael Z" sort="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael Z" uniqKey="Stolzenberg Solomon R" first="Rachael Z" last="Stolzenberg-Solomon">Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick" last="Schumacher">Fredrick Schumacher</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stram, Daniel" sort="Stram, Daniel" uniqKey="Stram D" first="Daniel" last="Stram">Daniel Stram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Savage, Sharon A" sort="Savage, Sharon A" uniqKey="Savage S" first="Sharon A" last="Savage">Sharon A. Savage</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mirabello, Lisa" sort="Mirabello, Lisa" uniqKey="Mirabello L" first="Lisa" last="Mirabello">Lisa Mirabello</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L" last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94"> Mount Sinai Hospital Christopher Sharp Centre for Surgery and Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wunder, Jay S" sort="Wunder, Jay S" uniqKey="Wunder J" first="Jay S" last="Wunder">Jay S. Wunder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94"> Mount Sinai Hospital Christopher Sharp Centre for Surgery and Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Ana Pati O" sort="Garcia, Ana Pati O" uniqKey="Garcia A" first="Ana Pati O" last="García">Ana Pati O García</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95"> Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E31080 Pamplona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sierrasesumaga, Luis" sort="Sierrasesumaga, Luis" uniqKey="Sierrasesumaga L" first="Luis" last="Sierrasesúmaga">Luis Sierrasesúmaga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95"> Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E31080 Pamplona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barkauskas, Donald A" sort="Barkauskas, Donald A" uniqKey="Barkauskas D" first="Donald A" last="Barkauskas">Donald A. Barkauskas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorlick, Richard G" sort="Gorlick, Richard G" uniqKey="Gorlick R" first="Richard G" last="Gorlick">Richard G. Gorlick</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96"> Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97"> Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark" sort="Purdue, Mark" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark" last="Purdue">Mark Purdue</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, Wong Ho" sort="Chow, Wong Ho" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wong-Ho" last="Chow">Wong-Ho Chow</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Lee E" sort="Moore, Lee E" uniqKey="Moore L" first="Lee E" last="Moore">Lee E. Moore</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Kendra L" sort="Schwartz, Kendra L" uniqKey="Schwartz K" first="Kendra L" last="Schwartz">Kendra L. Schwartz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98"> Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, MI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, Faith G" sort="Davis, Faith G" uniqKey="Davis F" first="Faith G" last="Davis">Faith G. Davis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hsing, Ann W" sort="Hsing, Ann W" uniqKey="Hsing A" first="Ann W" last="Hsing">Ann W. Hsing</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I" last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, Amanda" sort="Black, Amanda" uniqKey="Black A" first="Amanda" last="Black">Amanda Black</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wentzensen, Nicolas" sort="Wentzensen, Nicolas" uniqKey="Wentzensen N" first="Nicolas" last="Wentzensen">Nicolas Wentzensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brinton, Louise A" sort="Brinton, Louise A" uniqKey="Brinton L" first="Louise A" last="Brinton">Louise A. Brinton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100"> Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peplonska, Beata" sort="Peplonska, Beata" uniqKey="Peplonska B" first="Beata" last="Peplonska">Beata Peplonska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101"> Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcglynn, Katherine A" sort="Mcglynn, Katherine A" uniqKey="Mcglynn K" first="Katherine A" last="Mcglynn">Katherine A. Mcglynn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Michael B" sort="Cook, Michael B" uniqKey="Cook M" first="Michael B" last="Cook">Michael B. Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graubard, Barry I" sort="Graubard, Barry I" uniqKey="Graubard B" first="Barry I" last="Graubard">Barry I. Graubard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kratz, Christian P" sort="Kratz, Christian P" uniqKey="Kratz C" first="Christian P" last="Kratz">Christian P. Kratz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102"> Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greene, Mark H" sort="Greene, Mark H" uniqKey="Greene M" first="Mark H" last="Greene">Mark H. Greene</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erickson, Ralph L" sort="Erickson, Ralph L" uniqKey="Erickson R" first="Ralph L" last="Erickson">Ralph L. Erickson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103"> Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J" last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Gilles" sort="Thomas, Gilles" uniqKey="Thomas G" first="Gilles" last="Thomas">Gilles Thomas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103"> Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoover, Robert N" sort="Hoover, Robert N" uniqKey="Hoover R" first="Robert N" last="Hoover">Robert N. Hoover</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Real, Francisco X" sort="Real, Francisco X" uniqKey="Real F" first="Francisco X" last="Real">Francisco X. Real</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105"> Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fraumeni, Joseph F" sort="Fraumeni, Joseph F" uniqKey="Fraumeni J" first="Joseph F" last="Fraumeni">Joseph F. Fraumeni</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E" last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tucker, Margaret" sort="Tucker, Margaret" uniqKey="Tucker M" first="Margaret" last="Tucker">Margaret Tucker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez Jurado, Luis A" sort="Perez Jurado, Luis A" uniqKey="Perez Jurado L" first="Luis A" last="Pérez-Jurado">Luis A. Pérez-Jurado</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22561519</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3372921</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372921</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3372921</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.2270</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E14</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E14</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Kevin B" sort="Jacobs, Kevin B" uniqKey="Jacobs K" first="Kevin B" last="Jacobs">Kevin B. Jacobs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Weiyin" sort="Zhou, Weiyin" uniqKey="Zhou W" first="Weiyin" last="Zhou">Weiyin Zhou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Wacholder, Sholom" sort="Wacholder, Sholom" uniqKey="Wacholder S" first="Sholom" last="Wacholder">Sholom Wacholder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhaoming" sort="Wang, Zhaoming" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhaoming" last="Wang">Zhaoming Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Santiago, Benjamin" sort="Rodriguez Santiago, Benjamin" uniqKey="Rodriguez Santiago B" first="Benjamin" last="Rodriguez-Santiago">Benjamin Rodriguez-Santiago</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Amy" sort="Hutchinson, Amy" uniqKey="Hutchinson A" first="Amy" last="Hutchinson">Amy Hutchinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Xiang" sort="Deng, Xiang" uniqKey="Deng X" first="Xiang" last="Deng">Xiang Deng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Chenwei" sort="Liu, Chenwei" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chenwei" last="Liu">Chenwei Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horner, Marie Josephe" sort="Horner, Marie Josephe" uniqKey="Horner M" first="Marie-Josephe" last="Horner">Marie-Josephe Horner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cullen, Michael" sort="Cullen, Michael" uniqKey="Cullen M" first="Michael" last="Cullen">Michael Cullen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Epstein, Caroline G" sort="Epstein, Caroline G" uniqKey="Epstein C" first="Caroline G" last="Epstein">Caroline G. Epstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burdett, Laurie" sort="Burdett, Laurie" uniqKey="Burdett L" first="Laurie" last="Burdett">Laurie Burdett</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dean, Michael C" sort="Dean, Michael C" uniqKey="Dean M" first="Michael C" last="Dean">Michael C. Dean</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI- Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" sort="Chatterjee, Nilanjan" uniqKey="Chatterjee N" first="Nilanjan" last="Chatterjee">Nilanjan Chatterjee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampson, Joshua" sort="Sampson, Joshua" uniqKey="Sampson J" first="Joshua" last="Sampson">Joshua Sampson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Charles C" sort="Chung, Charles C" uniqKey="Chung C" first="Charles C" last="Chung">Charles C. Chung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovaks, Joseph" sort="Kovaks, Joseph" uniqKey="Kovaks J" first="Joseph" last="Kovaks">Joseph Kovaks</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gapstur, Susan M" sort="Gapstur, Susan M" uniqKey="Gapstur S" first="Susan M" last="Gapstur">Susan M. Gapstur</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Victoria L" sort="Stevens, Victoria L" uniqKey="Stevens V" first="Victoria L" last="Stevens">Victoria L. Stevens</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teras, Lauren T" sort="Teras, Lauren T" uniqKey="Teras L" first="Lauren T" last="Teras">Lauren T. Teras</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaudet, Mia M" sort="Gaudet, Mia M" uniqKey="Gaudet M" first="Mia M" last="Gaudet">Mia M. Gaudet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie J" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie J" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie J" last="Weinstein">Stephanie J. Weinstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8"> Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Philip R" sort="Taylor, Philip R" uniqKey="Taylor P" first="Philip R" last="Taylor">Philip R. Taylor</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freedman, Neal D" sort="Freedman, Neal D" uniqKey="Freedman N" first="Neal D" last="Freedman">Neal D. Freedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abnet, Christian C" sort="Abnet, Christian C" uniqKey="Abnet C" first="Christian C" last="Abnet">Christian C. Abnet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Alisa M" sort="Goldstein, Alisa M" uniqKey="Goldstein A" first="Alisa M" last="Goldstein">Alisa M. Goldstein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Nan" sort="Hu, Nan" uniqKey="Hu N" first="Nan" last="Hu">Nan Hu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Kai" sort="Yu, Kai" uniqKey="Yu K" first="Kai" last="Yu">Kai Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Jian Min" sort="Yuan, Jian Min" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="Jian-Min" last="Yuan">Jian-Min Yuan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9"> Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10"> University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liao, Linda" sort="Liao, Linda" uniqKey="Liao L" first="Linda" last="Liao">Linda Liao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Ti" sort="Ding, Ti" uniqKey="Ding T" first="Ti" last="Ding">Ti Ding</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11"> Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiao, You Lin" sort="Qiao, You Lin" uniqKey="Qiao Y" first="You-Lin" last="Qiao">You-Lin Qiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12"> Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, Yu Tang" sort="Gao, Yu Tang" uniqKey="Gao Y" first="Yu-Tang" last="Gao">Yu-Tang Gao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13"> Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koh, Woon Puay" sort="Koh, Woon Puay" uniqKey="Koh W" first="Woon-Puay" last="Koh">Woon-Puay Koh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14"> Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiang, Yong Bing" sort="Xiang, Yong Bing" uniqKey="Xiang Y" first="Yong-Bing" last="Xiang">Yong-Bing Xiang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13"> Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Ze Zhong" sort="Tang, Ze Zhong" uniqKey="Tang Z" first="Ze-Zhong" last="Tang">Ze-Zhong Tang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11"> Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, Jin Hu" sort="Fan, Jin Hu" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Jin-Hu" last="Fan">Jin-Hu Fan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12"> Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aldrich, Melinda C" sort="Aldrich, Melinda C" uniqKey="Aldrich M" first="Melinda C" last="Aldrich">Melinda C. Aldrich</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15"> Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amos, Christopher" sort="Amos, Christopher" uniqKey="Amos C" first="Christopher" last="Amos">Christopher Amos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blot, William J" sort="Blot, William J" uniqKey="Blot W" first="William J" last="Blot">William J. Blot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18"> International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bock, Cathryn H" sort="Bock, Cathryn H" uniqKey="Bock C" first="Cathryn H" last="Bock">Cathryn H. Bock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19"> Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20"> Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillanders, Elizabeth M" sort="Gillanders, Elizabeth M" uniqKey="Gillanders E" first="Elizabeth M" last="Gillanders">Elizabeth M. Gillanders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21"> Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, Curtis C" sort="Harris, Curtis C" uniqKey="Harris C" first="Curtis C" last="Harris">Curtis C. Harris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22"> Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A" last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian E" sort="Henderson, Brian E" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian E" last="Henderson">Brian E. Henderson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N" last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcneill, Lorna H" sort="Mcneill, Lorna H" uniqKey="Mcneill L" first="Lorna H" last="Mcneill">Lorna H. Mcneill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25"> Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Office of the Vice-President, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas , USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26"> Center for Community Engaged Translational Research , Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rybicki, Benjamin A" sort="Rybicki, Benjamin A" uniqKey="Rybicki B" first="Benjamin A" last="Rybicki">Benjamin A. Rybicki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27"> Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Ann G" sort="Schwartz, Ann G" uniqKey="Schwartz A" first="Ann G" last="Schwartz">Ann G. Schwartz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19"> Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20"> Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Signorello, Lisa B" sort="Signorello, Lisa B" uniqKey="Signorello L" first="Lisa B" last="Signorello">Lisa B. Signorello</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16"> Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18"> International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spitz, Margaret R" sort="Spitz, Margaret R" uniqKey="Spitz M" first="Margaret R" last="Spitz">Margaret R. Spitz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29"> Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiencke, John K" sort="Wiencke, John K" uniqKey="Wiencke J" first="John K" last="Wiencke">John K. Wiencke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wrensch, Margaret" sort="Wrensch, Margaret" uniqKey="Wrensch M" first="Margaret" last="Wrensch">Margaret Wrensch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Xifeng" sort="Wu, Xifeng" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xifeng" last="Wu">Xifeng Wu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zanetti, Krista A" sort="Zanetti, Krista A" uniqKey="Zanetti K" first="Krista A" last="Zanetti">Krista A. Zanetti</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21"> Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22"> Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ziegler, Regina G" sort="Ziegler, Regina G" uniqKey="Ziegler R" first="Regina G" last="Ziegler">Regina G. Ziegler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Figueroa, Jonine D" sort="Figueroa, Jonine D" uniqKey="Figueroa J" first="Jonine D" last="Figueroa">Jonine D. Figueroa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Closas, Montserrat" sort="Garcia Closas, Montserrat" uniqKey="Garcia Closas M" first="Montserrat" last="Garcia-Closas">Montserrat Garcia-Closas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31"> Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malats, Nuria" sort="Malats, Nuria" uniqKey="Malats N" first="Nuria" last="Malats">Nuria Malats</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32"> Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marenne, Gaelle" sort="Marenne, Gaelle" uniqKey="Marenne G" first="Gaelle" last="Marenne">Gaelle Marenne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32"> Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prokunina Olsson, Ludmila" sort="Prokunina Olsson, Ludmila" uniqKey="Prokunina Olsson L" first="Ludmila" last="Prokunina-Olsson">Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baris, Dalsu" sort="Baris, Dalsu" uniqKey="Baris D" first="Dalsu" last="Baris">Dalsu Baris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwenn, Molly" sort="Schwenn, Molly" uniqKey="Schwenn M" first="Molly" last="Schwenn">Molly Schwenn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33"> Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, Maine, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Alison" sort="Johnson, Alison" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Alison" last="Johnson">Alison Johnson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34"> Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, Vermont, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landi, Maria Teresa" sort="Landi, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Landi M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Landi">Maria Teresa Landi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldin, Lynn" sort="Goldin, Lynn" uniqKey="Goldin L" first="Lynn" last="Goldin">Lynn Goldin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Consonni, Dario" sort="Consonni, Dario" uniqKey="Consonni D" first="Dario" last="Consonni">Dario Consonni</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36"> Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricevero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertazzi, Pier Alberto" sort="Bertazzi, Pier Alberto" uniqKey="Bertazzi P" first="Pier Alberto" last="Bertazzi">Pier Alberto Bertazzi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36"> Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricevero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, 20122, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotunno, Melissa" sort="Rotunno, Melissa" uniqKey="Rotunno M" first="Melissa" last="Rotunno">Melissa Rotunno</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajaraman, Preetha" sort="Rajaraman, Preetha" uniqKey="Rajaraman P" first="Preetha" last="Rajaraman">Preetha Rajaraman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andersson, Ulrika" sort="Andersson, Ulrika" uniqKey="Andersson U" first="Ulrika" last="Andersson">Ulrika Andersson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freeman, Laura E Beane" sort="Freeman, Laura E Beane" uniqKey="Freeman L" first="Laura E Beane" last="Freeman">Laura E Beane Freeman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berg, Christine D" sort="Berg, Christine D" uniqKey="Berg C" first="Christine D" last="Berg">Christine D. Berg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38"> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buring, Julie E" sort="Buring, Julie E" uniqKey="Buring J" first="Julie E" last="Buring">Julie E. Buring</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39"> Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Butler, Mary A" sort="Butler, Mary A" uniqKey="Butler M" first="Mary A" last="Butler">Mary A. Butler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carreon, Tania" sort="Carreon, Tania" uniqKey="Carreon T" first="Tania" last="Carreon">Tania Carreon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feychting, Maria" sort="Feychting, Maria" uniqKey="Feychting M" first="Maria" last="Feychting">Maria Feychting</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42"> Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahlbom, Anders" sort="Ahlbom, Anders" uniqKey="Ahlbom A" first="Anders" last="Ahlbom">Anders Ahlbom</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42"> Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaziano, J Michael" sort="Gaziano, J Michael" uniqKey="Gaziano J" first="J Michael" last="Gaziano">J Michael Gaziano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43"> Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44"> Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G" last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45"> Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46"> Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Goran" last="Hallmans">Goran Hallmans</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47"> Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hankinson, Susan E" sort="Hankinson, Susan E" uniqKey="Hankinson S" first="Susan E" last="Hankinson">Susan E. Hankinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartge, Patricia" sort="Hartge, Patricia" uniqKey="Hartge P" first="Patricia" last="Hartge">Patricia Hartge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henriksson, Roger" sort="Henriksson, Roger" uniqKey="Henriksson R" first="Roger" last="Henriksson">Roger Henriksson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49"> Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inskip, Peter D" sort="Inskip, Peter D" uniqKey="Inskip P" first="Peter D" last="Inskip">Peter D. Inskip</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johansen, Christoffer" sort="Johansen, Christoffer" uniqKey="Johansen C" first="Christoffer" last="Johansen">Christoffer Johansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50"> Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landgren, Annelie" sort="Landgren, Annelie" uniqKey="Landgren A" first="Annelie" last="Landgren">Annelie Landgren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mckean Cowdin, Roberta" sort="Mckean Cowdin, Roberta" uniqKey="Mckean Cowdin R" first="Roberta" last="Mckean-Cowdin">Roberta Mckean-Cowdin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michaud, Dominique S" sort="Michaud, Dominique S" uniqKey="Michaud D" first="Dominique S" last="Michaud">Dominique S. Michaud</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52"> Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melin, Beatrice S" sort="Melin, Beatrice S" uniqKey="Melin B" first="Beatrice S" last="Melin">Beatrice S. Melin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37"> Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54"> Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruder, Avima M" sort="Ruder, Avima M" uniqKey="Ruder A" first="Avima M" last="Ruder">Avima M. Ruder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41"> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sesso, Howard D" sort="Sesso, Howard D" uniqKey="Sesso H" first="Howard D" last="Sesso">Howard D. Sesso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40"> Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Severi, Gianluca" sort="Severi, Gianluca" uniqKey="Severi G" first="Gianluca" last="Severi">Gianluca Severi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45"> Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46"> Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shu, Xiao Ou" sort="Shu, Xiao Ou" uniqKey="Shu X" first="Xiao-Ou" last="Shu">Xiao-Ou Shu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visvanathan, Kala" sort="Visvanathan, Kala" uniqKey="Visvanathan K" first="Kala" last="Visvanathan">Kala Visvanathan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55"> Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Emily" sort="White, Emily" uniqKey="White E" first="Emily" last="White">Emily White</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54"> Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolk, Alicja" sort="Wolk, Alicja" uniqKey="Wolk A" first="Alicja" last="Wolk">Alicja Wolk</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56"> Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" sort="Zeleniuch Jacquotte, Anne" uniqKey="Zeleniuch Jacquotte A" first="Anne" last="Zeleniuch-Jacquotte">Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57"> Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Wei" sort="Zheng, Wei" uniqKey="Zheng W" first="Wei" last="Zheng">Wei Zheng</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28"> Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silverman, Debra T" sort="Silverman, Debra T" uniqKey="Silverman D" first="Debra T" last="Silverman">Debra T. Silverman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58"> National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61"> Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Slaud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Juan R" sort="Gonzalez, Juan R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="Juan R" last="Gonzalez">Juan R. Gonzalez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59"> Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61"> Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Slaud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villa, Olaya" sort="Villa, Olaya" uniqKey="Villa O" first="Olaya" last="Villa">Olaya Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Donghui" sort="Li, Donghui" uniqKey="Li D" first="Donghui" last="Li">Donghui Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62"> Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duell, Eric J" sort="Duell, Eric J" uniqKey="Duell E" first="Eric J" last="Duell">Eric J. Duell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63"> Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL ), Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Risch, Harvey A" sort="Risch, Harvey A" uniqKey="Risch H" first="Harvey A" last="Risch">Harvey A. Risch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64"> Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olson, Sara H" sort="Olson, Sara H" uniqKey="Olson S" first="Sara H" last="Olson">Sara H. Olson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolpin, Brian M" sort="Wolpin, Brian M" uniqKey="Wolpin B" first="Brian M" last="Wolpin">Brian M. Wolpin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66"> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiao, Li" sort="Jiao, Li" uniqKey="Jiao L" first="Li" last="Jiao">Li Jiao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67"> Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassan, Manal" sort="Hassan, Manal" uniqKey="Hassan M" first="Manal" last="Hassan">Manal Hassan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62"> Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, William" sort="Wheeler, William" uniqKey="Wheeler W" first="William" last="Wheeler">William Wheeler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68"> Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arslan, Alan A" sort="Arslan, Alan A" uniqKey="Arslan A" first="Alan A" last="Arslan">Alan A. Arslan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69"> Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71"> New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bas Bueno De Mesquita, H" sort="Bas Bueno De Mesquita, H" uniqKey="Bas Bueno De Mesquita H" first="H" last="Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita">H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72"> Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73"> National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuchs, Charles S" sort="Fuchs, Charles S" uniqKey="Fuchs C" first="Charles S" last="Fuchs">Charles S. Fuchs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66"> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallinger, Steven" sort="Gallinger, Steven" uniqKey="Gallinger S" first="Steven" last="Gallinger">Steven Gallinger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gross, Myron D" sort="Gross, Myron D" uniqKey="Gross M" first="Myron D" last="Gross">Myron D. Gross</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75"> Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holly, Elizabeth A" sort="Holly, Elizabeth A" uniqKey="Holly E" first="Elizabeth A" last="Holly">Elizabeth A. Holly</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klein, Alison P" sort="Klein, Alison P" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Alison P" last="Klein">Alison P. Klein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77"> Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lacroix, Andrea" sort="Lacroix, Andrea" uniqKey="Lacroix A" first="Andrea" last="Lacroix">Andrea Lacroix</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandelson, Margaret T" sort="Mandelson, Margaret T" uniqKey="Mandelson M" first="Margaret T" last="Mandelson">Margaret T. Mandelson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53"> Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78"> Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Gloria" sort="Petersen, Gloria" uniqKey="Petersen G" first="Gloria" last="Petersen">Gloria Petersen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79"> Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" sort="Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Boutron Ruault M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Boutron-Ruault">Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80"> Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bracci, Paige M" sort="Bracci, Paige M" uniqKey="Bracci P" first="Paige M" last="Bracci">Paige M. Bracci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Canzian, Federico" sort="Canzian, Federico" uniqKey="Canzian F" first="Federico" last="Canzian">Federico Canzian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Kenneth" sort="Chang, Kenneth" uniqKey="Chang K" first="Kenneth" last="Chang">Kenneth Chang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82"> Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotterchio, Michelle" sort="Cotterchio, Michelle" uniqKey="Cotterchio M" first="Michelle" last="Cotterchio">Michelle Cotterchio</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83"> Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward L" sort="Giovannucci, Edward L" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward L" last="Giovannucci">Edward L. Giovannucci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85"> Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goggins, Michael" sort="Goggins, Michael" uniqKey="Goggins M" first="Michael" last="Goggins">Michael Goggins</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86"> Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87"> Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolton, Judith A Hoffman" sort="Bolton, Judith A Hoffman" uniqKey="Bolton J" first="Judith A Hoffman" last="Bolton">Judith A Hoffman Bolton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55"> Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenab, Mazda" sort="Jenab, Mazda" uniqKey="Jenab M" first="Mazda" last="Jenab">Mazda Jenab</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88"> International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89"> Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Clinical Gerontology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krogh, Vittorio" sort="Krogh, Vittorio" uniqKey="Krogh V" first="Vittorio" last="Krogh">Vittorio Krogh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90"> Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kurtz, Robert C" sort="Kurtz, Robert C" uniqKey="Kurtz R" first="Robert C" last="Kurtz">Robert C. Kurtz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91"> Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcwilliams, Robert R" sort="Mcwilliams, Robert R" uniqKey="Mcwilliams R" first="Robert R" last="Mcwilliams">Robert R. Mcwilliams</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92"> Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendelsohn, Julie B" sort="Mendelsohn, Julie B" uniqKey="Mendelsohn J" first="Julie B" last="Mendelsohn">Julie B. Mendelsohn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabe, Kari G" sort="Rabe, Kari G" uniqKey="Rabe K" first="Kari G" last="Rabe">Kari G. Rabe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79"> Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tj Nneland, Anne" sort="Tj Nneland, Anne" uniqKey="Tj Nneland A" first="Anne" last="Tj Nneland">Anne Tj Nneland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50"> Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tobias, Geoffrey S" sort="Tobias, Geoffrey S" uniqKey="Tobias G" first="Geoffrey S" last="Tobias">Geoffrey S. Tobias</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Trichopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Trichopoulos">Dimitrios Trichopoulos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93"> Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elena, Joanne W" sort="Elena, Joanne W" uniqKey="Elena J" first="Joanne W" last="Elena">Joanne W. Elena</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38"> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Herbert" sort="Yu, Herbert" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Herbert" last="Yu">Herbert Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24"> Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amundadottir, Laufey" sort="Amundadottir, Laufey" uniqKey="Amundadottir L" first="Laufey" last="Amundadottir">Laufey Amundadottir</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael Z" sort="Stolzenberg Solomon, Rachael Z" uniqKey="Stolzenberg Solomon R" first="Rachael Z" last="Stolzenberg-Solomon">Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick" last="Schumacher">Fredrick Schumacher</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stram, Daniel" sort="Stram, Daniel" uniqKey="Stram D" first="Daniel" last="Stram">Daniel Stram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Savage, Sharon A" sort="Savage, Sharon A" uniqKey="Savage S" first="Sharon A" last="Savage">Sharon A. Savage</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mirabello, Lisa" sort="Mirabello, Lisa" uniqKey="Mirabello L" first="Lisa" last="Mirabello">Lisa Mirabello</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L" last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94"> Mount Sinai Hospital Christopher Sharp Centre for Surgery and Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wunder, Jay S" sort="Wunder, Jay S" uniqKey="Wunder J" first="Jay S" last="Wunder">Jay S. Wunder</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74"> Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94"> Mount Sinai Hospital Christopher Sharp Centre for Surgery and Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Ana Pati O" sort="Garcia, Ana Pati O" uniqKey="Garcia A" first="Ana Pati O" last="García">Ana Pati O García</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95"> Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E31080 Pamplona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sierrasesumaga, Luis" sort="Sierrasesumaga, Luis" uniqKey="Sierrasesumaga L" first="Luis" last="Sierrasesúmaga">Luis Sierrasesúmaga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95"> Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E31080 Pamplona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barkauskas, Donald A" sort="Barkauskas, Donald A" uniqKey="Barkauskas D" first="Donald A" last="Barkauskas">Donald A. Barkauskas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23"> Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorlick, Richard G" sort="Gorlick, Richard G" uniqKey="Gorlick R" first="Richard G" last="Gorlick">Richard G. Gorlick</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96"> Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97"> Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Purdue, Mark" sort="Purdue, Mark" uniqKey="Purdue M" first="Mark" last="Purdue">Mark Purdue</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, Wong Ho" sort="Chow, Wong Ho" uniqKey="Chow W" first="Wong-Ho" last="Chow">Wong-Ho Chow</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Lee E" sort="Moore, Lee E" uniqKey="Moore L" first="Lee E" last="Moore">Lee E. Moore</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Kendra L" sort="Schwartz, Kendra L" uniqKey="Schwartz K" first="Kendra L" last="Schwartz">Kendra L. Schwartz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98"> Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, MI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, Faith G" sort="Davis, Faith G" uniqKey="Davis F" first="Faith G" last="Davis">Faith G. Davis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99"> Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hsing, Ann W" sort="Hsing, Ann W" uniqKey="Hsing A" first="Ann W" last="Hsing">Ann W. Hsing</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I" last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, Amanda" sort="Black, Amanda" uniqKey="Black A" first="Amanda" last="Black">Amanda Black</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wentzensen, Nicolas" sort="Wentzensen, Nicolas" uniqKey="Wentzensen N" first="Nicolas" last="Wentzensen">Nicolas Wentzensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brinton, Louise A" sort="Brinton, Louise A" uniqKey="Brinton L" first="Louise A" last="Brinton">Louise A. Brinton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lissowska, Jolanta" sort="Lissowska, Jolanta" uniqKey="Lissowska J" first="Jolanta" last="Lissowska">Jolanta Lissowska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100"> Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peplonska, Beata" sort="Peplonska, Beata" uniqKey="Peplonska B" first="Beata" last="Peplonska">Beata Peplonska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101"> Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcglynn, Katherine A" sort="Mcglynn, Katherine A" uniqKey="Mcglynn K" first="Katherine A" last="Mcglynn">Katherine A. Mcglynn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Michael B" sort="Cook, Michael B" uniqKey="Cook M" first="Michael B" last="Cook">Michael B. Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graubard, Barry I" sort="Graubard, Barry I" uniqKey="Graubard B" first="Barry I" last="Graubard">Barry I. Graubard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kratz, Christian P" sort="Kratz, Christian P" uniqKey="Kratz C" first="Christian P" last="Kratz">Christian P. Kratz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102"> Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greene, Mark H" sort="Greene, Mark H" uniqKey="Greene M" first="Mark H" last="Greene">Mark H. Greene</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erickson, Ralph L" sort="Erickson, Ralph L" uniqKey="Erickson R" first="Ralph L" last="Erickson">Ralph L. Erickson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103"> Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J" last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48"> Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84"> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Gilles" sort="Thomas, Gilles" uniqKey="Thomas G" first="Gilles" last="Thomas">Gilles Thomas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103"> Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoover, Robert N" sort="Hoover, Robert N" uniqKey="Hoover R" first="Robert N" last="Hoover">Robert N. Hoover</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Real, Francisco X" sort="Real, Francisco X" uniqKey="Real F" first="Francisco X" last="Real">Francisco X. Real</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105"> Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fraumeni, Joseph F" sort="Fraumeni, Joseph F" uniqKey="Fraumeni J" first="Joseph F" last="Fraumeni">Joseph F. Fraumeni</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caporaso, Neil E" sort="Caporaso, Neil E" uniqKey="Caporaso N" first="Neil E" last="Caporaso">Neil E. Caporaso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tucker, Margaret" sort="Tucker, Margaret" uniqKey="Tucker M" first="Margaret" last="Tucker">Margaret Tucker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rothman, Nathaniel" sort="Rothman, Nathaniel" uniqKey="Rothman N" first="Nathaniel" last="Rothman">Nathaniel Rothman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez Jurado, Luis A" sort="Perez Jurado, Luis A" uniqKey="Perez Jurado L" first="Luis A" last="Pérez-Jurado">Luis A. Pérez-Jurado</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J" last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls drawn from 13 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones from DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. Mosaic chromosomal abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of size >2 Mb were observed in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%) with abnormal cell proportions between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, the frequency increased with age; 0.23% under 50 and 1.91% between 75 and 79 (p=4.8×10<sup>−8</sup>
). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid-tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals, OR=1.25, p=0.016), with a stronger association for cases who had DNA collected prior to diagnosis or treatment (OR=1.45, p=0.0005). Detectable clonal mosaicism was common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least one year prior to diagnosis of leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR=35.4, p=3.8×10<sup>−11</sup>
). These findings underscore the importance of the role and time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and other late-onset diseases.</p>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22561519</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3372921</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.2270</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS369783</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname>
<given-names>Kevin B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeager</surname>
<given-names>Meredith</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Weiyin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wacholder</surname>
<given-names>Sholom</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Zhaoming</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez-Santiago</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hutchinson</surname>
<given-names>Amy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deng</surname>
<given-names>Xiang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Chenwei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Horner</surname>
<given-names>Marie-Josephe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cullen</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Epstein</surname>
<given-names>Caroline G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burdett</surname>
<given-names>Laurie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dean</surname>
<given-names>Michael C</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chatterjee</surname>
<given-names>Nilanjan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sampson</surname>
<given-names>Joshua</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>Charles C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kovaks</surname>
<given-names>Joseph</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gapstur</surname>
<given-names>Susan M</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stevens</surname>
<given-names>Victoria L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teras</surname>
<given-names>Lauren T</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaudet</surname>
<given-names>Mia M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albanes</surname>
<given-names>Demetrius</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weinstein</surname>
<given-names>Stephanie J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Virtamo</surname>
<given-names>Jarmo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Philip R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freedman</surname>
<given-names>Neal D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abnet</surname>
<given-names>Christian C</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goldstein</surname>
<given-names>Alisa M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Nan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Kai</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>Jian-Min</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liao</surname>
<given-names>Linda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ding</surname>
<given-names>Ti</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qiao</surname>
<given-names>You-Lin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>Yu-Tang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koh</surname>
<given-names>Woon-Puay</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xiang</surname>
<given-names>Yong-Bing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Ze-Zhong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fan</surname>
<given-names>Jin-Hu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aldrich</surname>
<given-names>Melinda C</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amos</surname>
<given-names>Christopher</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blot</surname>
<given-names>William J</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bock</surname>
<given-names>Cathryn H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gillanders</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth M</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>Curtis C</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haiman</surname>
<given-names>Christopher A</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>Brian E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kolonel</surname>
<given-names>Laurence N</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Le Marchand</surname>
<given-names>Loic</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McNeill</surname>
<given-names>Lorna H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rybicki</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>Ann G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Signorello</surname>
<given-names>Lisa B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spitz</surname>
<given-names>Margaret R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wiencke</surname>
<given-names>John K</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wrensch</surname>
<given-names>Margaret</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Xifeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zanetti</surname>
<given-names>Krista A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ziegler</surname>
<given-names>Regina G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>Jonine D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garcia-Closas</surname>
<given-names>Montserrat</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malats</surname>
<given-names>Nuria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marenne</surname>
<given-names>Gaelle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prokunina-Olsson</surname>
<given-names>Ludmila</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baris</surname>
<given-names>Dalsu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwenn</surname>
<given-names>Molly</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A33">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Alison</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Landi</surname>
<given-names>Maria Teresa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goldin</surname>
<given-names>Lynn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Consonni</surname>
<given-names>Dario</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertazzi</surname>
<given-names>Pier Alberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rotunno</surname>
<given-names>Melissa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajaraman</surname>
<given-names>Preetha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andersson</surname>
<given-names>Ulrika</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freeman</surname>
<given-names>Laura E Beane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berg</surname>
<given-names>Christine D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buring</surname>
<given-names>Julie E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Butler</surname>
<given-names>Mary A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carreon</surname>
<given-names>Tania</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feychting</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahlbom</surname>
<given-names>Anders</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaziano</surname>
<given-names>J Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giles</surname>
<given-names>Graham G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hallmans</surname>
<given-names>Goran</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hankinson</surname>
<given-names>Susan E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hartge</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henriksson</surname>
<given-names>Roger</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A49">49</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Inskip</surname>
<given-names>Peter D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johansen</surname>
<given-names>Christoffer</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Landgren</surname>
<given-names>Annelie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McKean-Cowdin</surname>
<given-names>Roberta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Michaud</surname>
<given-names>Dominique S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melin</surname>
<given-names>Beatrice S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>Ulrike</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruder</surname>
<given-names>Avima M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sesso</surname>
<given-names>Howard D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Severi</surname>
<given-names>Gianluca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shu</surname>
<given-names>Xiao-Ou</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Visvanathan</surname>
<given-names>Kala</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A55">55</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>Emily</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolk</surname>
<given-names>Alicja</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A56">56</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeleniuch-Jacquotte</surname>
<given-names>Anne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zheng</surname>
<given-names>Wei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silverman</surname>
<given-names>Debra T</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kogevinas</surname>
<given-names>Manolis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>Juan R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A59">59</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villa</surname>
<given-names>Olaya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Donghui</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A62">62</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duell</surname>
<given-names>Eric J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A63">63</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Risch</surname>
<given-names>Harvey A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A64">64</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olson</surname>
<given-names>Sara H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kooperberg</surname>
<given-names>Charles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolpin</surname>
<given-names>Brian M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A66">66</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jiao</surname>
<given-names>Li</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A67">67</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hassan</surname>
<given-names>Manal</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A62">62</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>William</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A68">68</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arslan</surname>
<given-names>Alan A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A69">69</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A71">71</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A72">72</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A73">73</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fuchs</surname>
<given-names>Charles S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A66">66</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gallinger</surname>
<given-names>Steven</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gross</surname>
<given-names>Myron D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holly</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A76">76</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname>
<given-names>Alison P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>LaCroix</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandelson</surname>
<given-names>Margaret T</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A78">78</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petersen</surname>
<given-names>Gloria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A79">79</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boutron-Ruault</surname>
<given-names>Marie-Christine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A80">80</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bracci</surname>
<given-names>Paige M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A76">76</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Canzian</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A81">81</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A82">82</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cotterchio</surname>
<given-names>Michelle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A83">83</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giovannucci</surname>
<given-names>Edward L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A85">85</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goggins</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A76">76</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A86">86</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A87">87</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bolton</surname>
<given-names>Judith A Hoffman</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A55">55</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jenab</surname>
<given-names>Mazda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A88">88</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khaw</surname>
<given-names>Kay-Tee</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A89">89</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krogh</surname>
<given-names>Vittorio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A90">90</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kurtz</surname>
<given-names>Robert C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A91">91</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McWilliams</surname>
<given-names>Robert R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A92">92</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mendelsohn</surname>
<given-names>Julie B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rabe</surname>
<given-names>Kari G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A79">79</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riboli</surname>
<given-names>Elio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tjønneland</surname>
<given-names>Anne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tobias</surname>
<given-names>Geoffrey S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trichopoulos</surname>
<given-names>Dimitrios</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A93">93</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elena</surname>
<given-names>Joanne W</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Herbert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amundadottir</surname>
<given-names>Laufey</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stolzenberg-Solomon</surname>
<given-names>Rachael Z</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kraft</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schumacher</surname>
<given-names>Fredrick</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stram</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>Sharon A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mirabello</surname>
<given-names>Lisa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andrulis</surname>
<given-names>Irene L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wunder</surname>
<given-names>Jay S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>García</surname>
<given-names>Ana Patiño</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A95">95</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sierrasesúmaga</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A95">95</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barkauskas</surname>
<given-names>Donald A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gorlick</surname>
<given-names>Richard G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A96">96</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A97">97</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Purdue</surname>
<given-names>Mark</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chow</surname>
<given-names>Wong-Ho</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>Lee E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>Kendra L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A98">98</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>Faith G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A99">99</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hsing</surname>
<given-names>Ann W</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berndt</surname>
<given-names>Sonja I</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Black</surname>
<given-names>Amanda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wentzensen</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brinton</surname>
<given-names>Louise A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lissowska</surname>
<given-names>Jolanta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A100">100</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peplonska</surname>
<given-names>Beata</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A101">101</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McGlynn</surname>
<given-names>Katherine A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cook</surname>
<given-names>Michael B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graubard</surname>
<given-names>Barry I</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kratz</surname>
<given-names>Christian P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A102">102</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Greene</surname>
<given-names>Mark H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erickson</surname>
<given-names>Ralph L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A103">103</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hunter</surname>
<given-names>David J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>Gilles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A103">103</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoover</surname>
<given-names>Robert N</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Real</surname>
<given-names>Francisco X</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A105">105</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fraumeni</surname>
<given-names>Joseph F</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caporaso</surname>
<given-names>Neil E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tucker</surname>
<given-names>Margaret</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rothman</surname>
<given-names>Nathaniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-Jurado</surname>
<given-names>Luis A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chanock</surname>
<given-names>Stephen J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">‡</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI- Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Nashville, Tennessee,USA</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Office of the Vice-President, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas , USA</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Center for Community Engaged Translational Research , Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203,USA</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, USA</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A33"><label>33</label>
Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, Maine, USA</aff>
<aff id="A34"><label>34</label>
Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, Vermont, USA</aff>
<aff id="A35"><label>35</label>
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A36"><label>36</label>
Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricevero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, 20122, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A37"><label>37</label>
Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A38"><label>38</label>
Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A39"><label>39</label>
Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A40"><label>40</label>
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A41"><label>41</label>
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA</aff>
<aff id="A42"><label>42</label>
Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A43"><label>43</label>
Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A44"><label>44</label>
Massachusetts Veteran’s Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A45"><label>45</label>
Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A46"><label>46</label>
Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A47"><label>47</label>
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A48"><label>48</label>
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A49"><label>49</label>
Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A50"><label>50</label>
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="A51"><label>51</label>
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A52"><label>52</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA</aff>
<aff id="A53"><label>53</label>
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A54"><label>54</label>
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A55"><label>55</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A56"><label>56</label>
Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A57"><label>57</label>
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY</aff>
<aff id="A58"><label>58</label>
National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A59"><label>59</label>
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A60"><label>60</label>
Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A61"><label>61</label>
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Slaud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona</aff>
<aff id="A62"><label>62</label>
Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A63"><label>63</label>
Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL ), Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A64"><label>64</label>
Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA</aff>
<aff id="A65"><label>65</label>
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A66"><label>66</label>
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A67"><label>67</label>
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A68"><label>68</label>
Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A69"><label>69</label>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A70"><label>70</label>
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A71"><label>71</label>
New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A72"><label>72</label>
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A73"><label>73</label>
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A74"><label>74</label>
Fred. A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A75"><label>75</label>
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA</aff>
<aff id="A76"><label>76</label>
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A77"><label>77</label>
Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A78"><label>78</label>
Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, WA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A79"><label>79</label>
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</aff>
<aff id="A80"><label>80</label>
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France</aff>
<aff id="A81"><label>81</label>
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A82"><label>82</label>
Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A83"><label>83</label>
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A84"><label>84</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A85"><label>85</label>
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A86"><label>86</label>
Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A87"><label>87</label>
Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A88"><label>88</label>
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A89"><label>89</label>
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Clinical Gerontology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A90"><label>90</label>
Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A91"><label>91</label>
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A92"><label>92</label>
Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</aff>
<aff id="A93"><label>93</label>
Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A94"><label>94</label>
Mount Sinai Hospital Christopher Sharp Centre for Surgery and Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A95"><label>95</label>
Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E31080 Pamplona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A96"><label>96</label>
Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A97"><label>97</label>
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A98"><label>98</label>
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, MI, USA</aff>
<aff id="A99"><label>99</label>
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</aff>
<aff id="A100"><label>100</label>
Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland</aff>
<aff id="A101"><label>101</label>
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland</aff>
<aff id="A102"><label>102</label>
Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A103"><label>103</label>
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A104"><label>104</label>
Synergie-Lyon-Cancer, Universite Lyon 1, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A105"><label>105</label>
Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="FN1"><label>‡</label>
<p id="P1">L.A.P.J. and S.J.C. are co-last authors.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="CR1"><label>*</label>
Correspondence should be addressed to (<email>chanocks@mail.nih.gov</email>
)</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>22</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>03</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>651</fpage>
<lpage>658</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.2270</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
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</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P2">In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls drawn from 13 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones from DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. Mosaic chromosomal abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of size >2 Mb were observed in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%) with abnormal cell proportions between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, the frequency increased with age; 0.23% under 50 and 1.91% between 75 and 79 (p=4.8×10<sup>−8</sup>
). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid-tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals, OR=1.25, p=0.016), with a stronger association for cases who had DNA collected prior to diagnosis or treatment (OR=1.45, p=0.0005). Detectable clonal mosaicism was common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least one year prior to diagnosis of leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR=35.4, p=3.8×10<sup>−11</sup>
). These findings underscore the importance of the role and time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and other late-onset diseases.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><p id="P3">Classically, genetic mosaicism is defined as the co-existence of cells with two or more distinct karyotypes within an individual that results from a post-zygotic event during development and can occur in both somatic and germline cells<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
,<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
</sup>
. Errors in chromosomal duplication and subsequent transmission to daughter cells may lead to aneuploidy, the gain or loss of chromosomes or segments of chromosomes, and reciprocal gain and loss events manifesting in copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnloh) or acquired uniparental disomy. Somatic mosaicism has been established as a cause of miscarriage, birth defects, developmental delay, and cancer<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
-<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
</sup>
. Because mosaicism can be benign or may manifest with diverse clinical phenotypes, there are no accurate estimates of its frequency in the general population<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
,<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
</sup>
. On rare occasions the propensity to develop chromosomal abnormalities is inherited and leads to multiple phenotypic abnormalities including cancer predisposition as reported in families with mutations in <italic>BUB1B</italic>
and <italic>CEP57</italic>
<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
,<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
</sup>
. Recently, two groups have identified somatic mosaic mutations in <italic>IDH1</italic>
and <italic>IDH2</italic>
in tumors of individuals with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
,<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
</sup>
while another group has characterized somatic mosaicism of a <italic>HRAS</italic>
mutation in an individual with urothelial cancer and epidermal nevus<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
</sup>
. Recent work in a population of twins has suggested that the detection of somatic structural variants in blood increases with aging and may be related to reduction in blood cell clonality<sup><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
</sup>
. In this report, we define mosaic chromosomal abnormalities broadly: the presence of both normal karyotypes and those with large structural genomic events resulting in alteration of copy number or loss of heterozygosity in distinct and detectable subpopulations of cells regardless of the clonal or developmental origin of the subpopulations.</p>
<p id="P4">Recently, we reported on 1,991 individuals from the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO population-based case-control study in which we had performed a GWAS of adult-onset bladder cancer using DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
</sup>
. The SNP array data generated for the GWAS was subsequently used to detect clonal mosaic abnormalities in the autosomes of 1.7% of study subjects, suggesting a higher frequency in adults than previously suspected. Even though somatic mosaicism has been implicated in several cancers, this study did not reveal a significant difference in frequency between cases and controls. A computational algorithm was used to detect 42 large mosaic events involving two or more distinct clones in DNA extracted from blood or buccal samples and we experimentally validated the findings using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and microsatellite analysis (as well as fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic>
hybridization in a subset), establishing the robustness of the software detection method. A similar proportion of cells carrying each event was found in 5 of 6 events (in four individuals with bladder cancer in whom three had one event and one individual with three separate events) in which it was possible to examine more than one tissue (whole blood and bladder mucosa), suggesting an early embryonic origin of the somatic mutation leading to the observed mosaic chromosomal abnormalities<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
</sup>
.</p>
<sec sec-type="results" id="S1"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P5">In this report, we extend our analysis of clonal mosaic abnormalities in the autosomes to 57,853 individuals (including those previously published<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
</sup>
). We tested 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer free controls for evidence of mosaic abnormalities using genome-wide SNP array data generated as part of 13 distinct cancer GWAS drawn from 48 epidemiological case-control and case-cohort studies (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 1</xref>
). DNA samples were extracted from blood or buccal samples using a variety of collection and extraction techniques and genotyped using one or more Infinium Human SNP arrays from Illumina Inc. (including versions of Hap300, Hap240, Hap550, Hap610, Hap660, Hap1, Omni Express, and Omni1). Genotype clusters were empirically estimated in 45 batches to optimize accuracy while minimizing potential batch effects (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>
).</p>
<p id="P6">Detection of clonal mosaic events was based on assessment of allelic imbalance and copy number changes. We used the B-allele frequency (BAF) measurement, derived from the ratio of probe values relative to the locations of the estimated genotype-specific clusters, for initial segmentation using the Mosaic Alteration Detection (MAD) algorithm implemented in GADA-R with modifications<sup><xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
,<xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
</sup>
. The BAF and log<sub>2</sub>
relative probe intensity ratio (LRR), which provides data on copy number, were used to classify each event as copy-altering (gain or loss) or neutral (reciprocal gain and loss resulting in loss of heterozygosity, LOH) and to assign the proportions of abnormal (p) and normal (1-p) cells. Mosaic proportions were required to deviate from levels expected from constitutional (non-mosaic) changes in order to exclude homozygous chromosomal segments inherited identical by descent and non-mosaic instances of trisomy, monosomy and uniparental disomy. A minimum event size threshold was set to detect only clonal mosaic events greater than 2 Mbps to minimize the false discovery of constitutional copy number variants. Copy-neutral LOH and copy-loss events could be detected for mosaic proportions between 7% and 95% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>
) with sensitivity that was affected by the signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of each microarray assay and sample quality. There was reduced sensitivity to distinguish between copy-neutral LOH and copy-loss events for mosaic proportions less than 15% across the autosomes. The magnitude of BAF differences for single-copy gain events was 1/3 of the magnitude of copy-neutral LOH or copy-loss events, reducing the sensitivity for calling copy-gain events. As a result, single copy gain events could only be reliably detected for mosaic proportions between 22% and 88%, with ambiguity in distinguishing copy-gain from copy-neutral LOH for mosaic proportions of less than 20%. Since DNA was obtained for the purpose of performing a GWAS, it was not possible to further explore the developmental and clonal characteristics of mosaic events detected in these individuals (e.g. by studying DNA from fractionated blood and other tissue types, determining cell composition of buccal samples, or effect of DNA collection and extraction methods on detection and accuracy of the estimation of mosaic proportions). We report only autosomal chromosomal abnormalities, as the analysis of the sex chromosomes presents distinct technical and interpretative challenges.</p>
<p id="P7">We observed 681 mosaic segments of size greater than 2 Mb on 641 autosomal chromosomes in 517 individuals for an overall frequency of individuals with mosaicism of 0.87% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Tables 1</xref>
and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>
). The most frequent type of event observed was copy-neutral LOH (48.2%), while copy-gains and copy-losses were observed for 15.1% and 34.8% of mosaic events, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>
). A small proportion (1.9%) of mosaic chromosomes were complex, harboring more than one type of event. 18.7% of mosaic chromosomal events spanned the entire chromosome, including 62 complete trisomies, predominantly in chromosomes 8, 12 and 15. 47.9% of mosaic chromosomal events began at a telomere and extended across some portion of the chromosomal arm (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>
and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>
). The majority of telomeric events were mosaic copy-neutral LOH (85.7%), most frequently on 9p (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>
). The remaining mosaic chromosomal events were interstitial (31.5%) spanning neither telomere nor centromere, while an additional small proportion (1.8%) spanned the centromere or had more complex structure (e.g. distinct events involving both telomeres, but not the whole chromosome). The majority of interstitial events were mosaic copy-loss (91.6%), which was most frequently observed within specific regions of chromosomes 13q and 20q (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>
). We observed 69 individuals (46 cancer cases and 23 cancer-free individuals) with clonal mosaic events on multiple chromosomes. The distribution of the number of clonal mosaic chromosomal events per individual is shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 3</xref>
. Among cancer-free individuals, the greatest number observed was 5 mosaic chromosomal events, whereas six individuals with cancer had greater than 5 events, including two individuals with gastric cancer who each had 20. A list of mosaic events with phenotype data is available as <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Data</xref>
.</p>
<p id="P8">The strongest predictor of mosaic autosomal abnormalities was age at DNA collection. We examined the effect of aging on the frequency of mosaicism across all studies, which were predominantly individuals over the age of 50. The frequency of cancer-free individuals with detectable clonal mosaic events increased with age, from 0.23% for those under 50 to 1.91% (p=4.8×10<sup>−8</sup>
) for those between the ages of 75 and 79, and with slightly higher frequencies for individuals with cancer (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>
). In the early onset cancers (under age 40), which constituted less than 5% of analyzed cases (e.g., testicular cancer and osteogenic sarcoma), we did not observe an increase in mosaic abnormalities. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between mosaic abnormalities and cancer in children and young adults, particularly because of the strong association between mosaicism and many developmental disorders. There was no apparent relationship between age at DNA collection and the number, size of mosaic events, or the proportion of abnormal cells (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figures 1 and 2</xref>
).</p>
<p id="P9">We regressed the presence of detectable clonal mosaicism in 26,136 cancer-free individuals on age at DNA collection (in 5 year intervals), sex (male versus female), DNA source (buccal cells versus blood), smoking (ever versus never) and admixture coefficients for African and East Asian ancestry in a logistic model to determine the additional factors that influenced frequency of detectable clonal mosaicism. The source of DNA was known for 87% of individuals, of whom 19% were derived from buccal cells and the remainder from blood. DNA source was not significantly associated with mosaicism (OR=0.83, 0.55-1.26 95% confidence interval (CI), p=0.39). By admixture analysis, 75% of subjects were determined to be of European ancestry, 9% of African ancestry and 16% of East Asian ancestry. Although power was limited, we observed that cancer-free individuals with African admixture were at a lower risk of being mosaic (OR=0.43, 0.20-0.92 95% CI, p=0.03), but not in those with East Asian admixture (OR=0.60, 0.32-1.15 95% CI, p=0.12). We did not observe an association between smoking (ever/never) and frequency of mosaic abnormalities (OR=1.04, 0.75-1.44 95% CI, p=0.81).</p>
<p id="P10">In 26,136 cancer-free controls and 23,093 cancer cases drawn from non-sex specific and non-hematological cancer sites (i.e. excluding 8,470 individuals with leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and cancers of the breast, endometrium, ovary, testis, and prostate), we observed a higher frequency of males with mosaic abnormalities than females. In cancer-free individuals, we observed mosaic events in 0.56% of females and 0.87% males (OR=1.35, 0.98-1.88 95% CI, p=0.07); for individuals with cancer we observed mosaic events in 0.79% of females and 1.21% of males (OR=1.48, 1.08-2.03 95% CI, p=0.015); and overall, 0.65% of females and 1.04% of males (OR=1.42, 1.14-1.80 95% CI, p=0.002) in logistic models adjusted for cancer diagnosis (if applicable), age at DNA collection, ancestry, DNA source and smoking. These differences could be due to a true sex-specific effect akin to sex-differential mutation and recombination rates<sup><xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
</sup>
; however the complex and heterogeneous nature of the inclusion of individual studies and the differences in their entry and selection criteria could result in spurious associations. Although this observation was consistent across cancer types, it should be confirmed in additional studies better designed to address this question.</p>
<p id="P11">To determine the relationship between detectable mosaic autosomal abnormalities and non-hematological cancers, we regressed the presence of detectable clonal mosaicism on cancer diagnosis, age, sex, DNA source, smoking and ancestry in a logistic model. We observed a modest increase in cancer risk for mosaic individuals (OR=1.27, 1.05-1.52 95% CI, p=0.012) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Tables 2</xref>
& <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>
). Notable associations were observed in stratified analyses of lung (OR=1.56, 1.18-2.08 95% CI, p=0.002) and kidney (OR=1.98, 1.27-3.06 95% CI, p=0.002) cancers, both tobacco-associated malignancies. However no cancer site-specific associations were observed for bladder, esophagus, stomach and pancreas cancers, which are also typically associated with tobacco use. There was no significant association in non-hematological cancer cases overall between smoking (ever/never) and frequency of mosaicism (OR=1.19, 0.92-1.54 95% CI, p=0.19) or when stratified by cancer site (results not shown).</p>
<p id="P12">In an analysis of the subset of 14,050 individuals with cancer for whom it was possible to determine that DNA was likely obtained before or at the time of diagnosis and prior to treatment with radiation or chemotherapy for a primary tumor (designated as “likely untreated”), we observed a stronger association between mosaic abnormalities and non-hematological cancer diagnosis (OR=1.45, 1.18-1.80 95% CI, p=0.0005). The associations for lung and kidney also increased in significance (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>
). It is notable that the evidence for association with non-hematological cancer diminished in individuals who were potentially treated (OR=1.03, 0.81-1.30 95% CI, p=0.80). We had approached this analysis with the hypothesis that there could be an increased frequency in detectable clonal mosaicism in non-hematological cancers induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy but were surprised to observe the frequency was reduced to virtually the same as in the cancer-free population. Although this attenuated effect could have many explanations (e.g., related to the diagnosis and treatment of a solid tumor leading to a decrease in populations of cells with mosaic alteration), we had a limited capacity to model and control for treatment-effects since many of the studies did not provide any treatment information or only provided incomplete, retrospective ascertainment of the specifics. Although many of the participating studies were prospectively ascertained cohorts, DNA collection often occurred after cancer diagnosis. Additional studies are needed in prospectively ascertained cohorts and longitudinal studies in which multiple DNA samples were collected prior to and after diagnosis in order to explore treatment and disease effects.</p>
<p id="P13">For the 43 individuals with hematological cancers for whom DNA was obtained at least a year prior to diagnosis, the frequency of detectable clonal mosaicism was 20% for myeloid leukemia and 22% for lymphocytic leukemia (predominantly chronic lymphocytic leukemia, <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>
) compared to 0.74% in 26,136 cancer free controls (overall OR=35.4, 14.7-76.6 95% CI, Fisher exact p=3.8×10<sup>−11</sup>
). Of the 8 mosaic individuals with leukemia for whom DNA samples were collected at least a year prior to diagnosis, 4 were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) of which 2 had a mosaic deletion in a region of chromosome 13q14 previously described to be deleted in CLL<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
</sup>
. DNA was obtained more than 5 years prior to diagnosis for 6 mosaic individuals, with the longest interval being 14 years, suggesting that detectable clonal mosaicism could be a marker of hematological cancer or its precursors, i.e., monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) for CLL and myelodysplastic syndrome for acute myelogenous leukemia. Recent work shows that the majority of MBL have mono- or biallelic 13q14 abnormalities<sup><xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
</sup>
. However, further studies will be needed, preferably with serial pre- and post- diagnosis sampling to investigate the predictive nature of detectable clonal mosaicism, especially involving regions of chromosome 13 and 20 with respect to leukemia risk<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
</sup>
.</p>
<p id="P14">We further explored the 4 most recurrent altered regions (>20), which also harbor well known cancer genes (as noted in the COSMIC<sup><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
</sup>
and Mitelman databases: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman">http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman</ext-link>
); these were on chromosomes 9p (cnloh), 13q (del), 14 (cnloh) and 20q (del) (Table 4). Notably, the most recurrent mosaic events were observed in cancer-free individuals as well as across multiple solid tumors. We observed a comparable frequency in non-hematologic cancer cases and cancer-free controls for three of the regions, whereas the chromosome 14 cnloh abnormalities were more frequent in non-hematological cancer cases (OR=3.32, 1.42-9.00 95% CI, Fisher’s exact p=0.003), particularly in individuals with bladder or kidney cancer. Copy-neutral loh in this region of chromosome 14 has been associated with increased susceptibility to sporadic cancers and harbors imprinted genes, such as the tumor suppressing non-coding RNA, Maternally expressed gene 3 (<italic>MEG3</italic>
)<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
,<xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
</sup>
. The recurrent segmental deletion of 13q14 was observed in 5 leukemia cases, but also in 18 individuals with solid tumors (9 with lung cancer and 4 with prostate cancer), and in 10 cancer-free individuals. This region includes the tumor suppressor gene <italic>DLEU7</italic>
(Deleted In Leukemia 7) and related genes, <italic>DLEU1</italic>
and <italic>DLEU2</italic>
, the latter harboring two microRNAs within one of its introns (miR-15a and miR-16-1)<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
-<xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
</sup>
. The retinoblastoma gene, <italic>RB1</italic>
was also included within a subset harboring a mosaic deletion of 13q14. It cannot be ruled out that these individuals have either undiagnosed CLL or MBL. The 20q- was seen in two individuals with myeloid leukemia as has been described previously<sup><xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
</sup>
but also in cancer-free and individuals with solid tumors.</p>
<p id="P15">The accuracy of our software methods to detect clonal mosaic abnormalities was previously addressed and we were able to validate 100% of 42 events in 34 individuals from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study using confirmatory cytogenetic assays<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
</sup>
(<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 3</xref>
). We have also performed a comparison of mosaic events in samples from the EAGLE and PLCO lung cancer studies which were independently analyzed as part of the Gene, Environment Association studies consortium (GENEVA) report on mosaic events<sup><xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
</sup>
. A total of 83 mosaic events in individuals from the EAGLE and PLCO lung cancer studies were detected in common, 20 additional events of size less than 2 Mb and 8 events greater than 2 Mb were detected by GENEVA and not by our study, while we detected 20 additional events (size > 2 Mb) that were not detected by GENEVA. Although additional cytogenetic or molecular validation was not performed, neither method detected notable false-positive events based on manual review of the data. The concordance rate is 75% if considering events > 2 Mb (the cut-off for this analysis) or 63% if considering all events, both of which are considerably better than the 25-50% concordance rates observed across CNV detection methods<sup><xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
-<xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
</sup>
. Our method is more conservative in the size of events detected, while the GENEVA method is more conservative with respect to sample quality, but provides calls for smaller events when assay quality is sufficient. Better approaches are needed to characterize smaller size events accurately as either mosaic or constitutional and to estimate their frequency. Further improvements to data normalization, segmentation and event classification methods will also likely reduce false-negative rates.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion" id="S2"><title>Discussion</title>
<p id="P16">Our study has important implications for the design and analysis of molecular epidemiology studies in cancer as well as the somatic characterization of cancer genomes, like The Cancer Genome Atlas<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
</sup>
and International Cancer Genome Consortium<sup><xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
</sup>
. Investigators will need to carefully analyze samples used as exemplars of germline DNA for somatic alterations, such as detectable clonal mosaicism. Otherwise, comparisons between “grmline” and tumor DNA may result in implausible somatic changes (e.g. large gains of heterozygosity) and it may be impossible to determine whether somatic events pre-date changes secondary to driver mutations. Since how to detect mosaic events with next generation sequencing technologies is neither routine nor well understood, for the near future it may be prudent to continue to utilize SNP microarrays for such analyses. Due to the increased frequency of detectable clonal mosaicism with age, this will be particularly important for the analysis of epithelial cancers, which characteristically occur in the older population. For future large-scale GWAS in prospective studies, it may be wise to consider analyzing the earliest, pre-diagnosis DNA samples and to consider time from collection to diagnosis in the analysis of longitudinally collected biospecimens.</p>
<p id="P17">We have extended our initial observation that detectable clonal mosaicism of the autosomes is present in the population with surprising frequency and particularly in the aging genome. A recent study of detectable clonal mosaicism in twins reported an increase in frequency with age and suggested that this reduction could lead to a less diverse blood cell population and immune system<sup><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
</sup>
. These emerging data raise a number of critical issues in mechanisms underlying the possible shift in the repertoire of clones with large structural abnormalities. Thus cells with abnormal karyotypes could have an early developmental origin in which a somatic event in a single stem cell progenitor during embryogenesis could become apparent when cellular diversity decreases with age and cell populations become increasingly oligoclonal. Higher rates of detectable clonal mosaicism in older cancer-free individuals could also be due to increased rates of somatic mutation or diminished capacity for genomic maintenance, such as with telomere attrition<sup><xref rid="R34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
</sup>
leading to proliferation of somatically altered cell populations. A survival bottleneck of cellular progenitors could also lead to observable mosaic alterations that were previously below the threshold of detection but subsequently expanded due to positive selection. Further work is required to begin to unravel the underlying mechanisms that result in mosaic abnormalities, particularly as it relates to how and when altered clones are created, tissue-specificity, and the timing and expansion of distinct populations of cells with age. Finally, these findings underscore the importance of considering the role and time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer as well as other late-onset diseases.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title>
<supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>1</label>
<media xlink:href="NIHMS369783-supplement-1.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e2442" position="anchor"></media>
</supplementary-material>
<supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>2</label>
<media xlink:href="NIHMS369783-supplement-2.xls" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="vnd.ms-excel" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e2446" position="anchor"></media>
</supplementary-material>
<supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD3"><label>03</label>
<media xlink:href="NIHMS369783-supplement-03.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e2450" position="anchor"></media>
</supplementary-material>
</sec>
</body>
<back><ack id="S3"><title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program and by contract number HHSN261200800001E of the USA National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Support for each contributing study is listed in the Supplementary Acknowledgement Section. We thank Cathy Laurie and Bruce Weir for constructive discussion and a comparison of methodology and results for the GENEVA study. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or the Maryland Cancer Registry.</p>
</ack>
<fn-group><fn id="FN2"><p id="P18">Author Contributions</p>
<p id="P19">K.B.J., M.Y., WY.Z., Z.W., X.D., C.L., S.W., N.E.C., M.T., N.R., and S.J.C. <bold>designed the study.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P20">K.B.J., M.Y., L.P.-J., WY.Z., Z.W., S.W., N.E.C., N.R., M.G.C., M.C.D., D.A., B.I.G., R.N.H., F.X.R. , and S.J.C. <bold>interpreted the primary results.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P21">K.B.J., M.Y., L.P.-J., B.R.-S., and J.R.G. <bold>developed the study methods.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P22">K.B.J., M.Y., L.P.-J., WY.Z., Z.W., X.D., C.L., M.G.C., C.G.E., M.C.D., N.C., J.S., and C.C.C. <bold>analyzed the data.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P23">K.B.J., M.Y., WY.Z., Z.W., X.D., C.L., A.H., L.B., and J.K. were responsible for production and analysis of the genotype data.</p>
<p id="P24">K.B.J., M.Y., and S.W. <bold>performed statistical analysis.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P25">K.B.J., M.Y., S.W., M.-J.H. and S.J.C. <bold>drafted the manuscript.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P26">M.T. , R.N.H., S.J.C. and J.F.F. provided vital programmatic and institutional support.</p>
<p id="P27">J.R.G., N.E.C., M.T., N.R., S.J.C., S.M.G.,V.L.S., L.T.T, M.M.G., D.A., S.J.W. J.V., P.R.T., N.D.F., C.C.A., A.M.G., N.H.,K.Y., J-M.Y., L.L., T.D., Y-L.Q., Y-T.G.,W-P.K., Y-B.X., Z-Z.T., J-H.F., M.C.A., C.A., W.J.B., C.H.B., E.M.G., C.C.H., C.A.H., B.E.H., L.N.K., L.L.M., L.H.M., B.A.R., A.G.S., L.B.S., M.R.S., J.K.W., M.W., X.W., K.A.Z., R.G.Z., J.D.F., M.G-C., N.M., G.M., L.P-O., D.B., M.S., A.J., M.T.L., L.G., D.C., P.A.B., M.R., P.R., U.A., L.E.B.F.,C.D.B., J.E.B., M.A.B., T.C., M.F., A.A., J.M.G., G.G.G., G.H., S.E.H., P.H., R.H., P.D.I., C.J., A.L., R.M-C., D.S.M., B.S.M., U.P., A.M.R., H.D.S., G.S., X-O.S., K.V., E.W., A.W., A.Z-J., W.Z., D.T.S., M.K., O.V., D.L., E.J.D., H.A.R., S.H.O., C.K., B.M.W., L.J., M.H., W.W., A.A.A., H.B.B-d-M., C.S.F., S.G., M.D.G., E.A.H., A.P.K., A.LC., M.T.M., G.P., M-C.B-R., P.M.B., F.C., K.C., M.C., E.L.G., M.G., J.A.H.B., M.J., K-T.K.,V.K.,R.C.K., R.R.M., J.B.M., K.G.R., E.R., A.T., G.S.T., D.T., J.W.E., H.Y., L.A., R.Z.S-S., P.K., F.S., D.S., S.A.S., L.M., I.L.A., J.S.W., A.P.G., L.S., D.A.B., R.G.G., M.P., WH.C., L.E.M., K.L.S., F.G.D., A.W.H., S.I.B., A.B., N.W., L.A.B., J.L., B.P., K.A.M., M.B.C., B.I.G., C.P.K., M.H.G., R.L.E., D.J.H., G.T., R.N.H., F.X.R., and J.F.F. <bold>contributed data or samples.</bold>
</p>
<p id="P28">All authors contributed critical feedback, review, and approval of the manuscript.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN3"><p id="P29"><bold>Disclosures:</bold>
BRS and OV are currently employees of the qGenomics company while LAPJ is a member of its scientific advisory board.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
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<floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Characteristics of detectable clonal mosaic events</title>
<p>Detectable clonal mosaic events plotted by proportion of abnormal cells (p) and Log R Ratio (LRR) for 681 events in 517 individuals.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="nihms-369783-f0001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>Circular genomic plot of detectable clonal mosaic events</title>
<p>Genomic location of detectable clonal mosaic events. Outer rings are the autosomes 1 to 22. Yellow region denotes events of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity. Blue region denotes copy gain events. Red region denotes copy loss events. Panel A includes events in cancer free controls. Panel B includes events in cancer cases.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="nihms-369783-f0002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Frequency of detectable clonal mosaic events by age and cancer status</title>
<p>Analysis excluded 1,000 individuals with unknown age at DNA collection. 95% confidence intervals are shown.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="nihms-369783-f0003"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Count and frequency of mosaic chromosomal events by event type and location</p>
</caption>
<table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th colspan="5" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Chromosome Count<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="5" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Chromosome Frequency (%)<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Event Location</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">gain</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">loss</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">cnloh</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mixed</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">gain</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">loss</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">cnloh</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mixed</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">chromosome</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>120</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>18.7</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">telomeric P</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>139</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.8</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>21.7</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">telomeric Q</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>168</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>26.2</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">interstitial</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>202</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>31.5</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">span centromere</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.6</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">complex</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.2</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>97</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>223</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>309</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>12</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>641</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15.1</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>34.8</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>48.2</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.9</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><title>Count and frequency of individuals with detectable clonal mosaic events for cancer-free individuals and by first diagnosed cancer site</title>
<p>Non-hematological cancers are listed by first cancer site and exclude anyone diagnosed with a hematological cancer, shown separately.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th colspan="3" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Counts</th>
<th colspan="3" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Non-Mosaic Counts</th>
<th colspan="3" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Frequency (%)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Site of first cancer</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Likely<break></break>
Untreated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Possibly<break></break>
Treated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Likely<break></break>
Untreated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Possibly<break></break>
Treated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Likely<break></break>
Untreated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Possibly<break></break>
Treated</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>overall</bold>
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>498</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>57,201</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.86</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>cancer-free</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>194</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>25,942</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.74</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>First non-hematologic cancer</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>185</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>119</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>304</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>13,865</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17,394</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>31,259</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.32</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.68</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.96</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> bladder</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,240</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">973</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,213</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.62</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> breast</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,060</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,753</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,813</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> endometrium</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">247</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">624</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">871</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> esophagus</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,855</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,908</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.85</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> glioma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,279</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">441</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,720</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> kidney</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,241</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">325</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,566</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.66</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> lung</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,647</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,605</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,252</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.55</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> osteosarcoma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">760</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">760</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ovary</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">283</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">543</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pancreas</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">379</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,513</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,892</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> prostate</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,116</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,410</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,526</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.49</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> stomach</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,194</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,293</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.98</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> testis</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">144</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">503</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">647</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> other sites</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">255</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="10" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Any hematologic cancer</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>19</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>34</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>62</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>96</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>19.05</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15.07</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16.52</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>leukemia</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>9</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>34</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>45</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>19.05</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>45.00</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.42</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> lymphoid</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.22</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.14</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> myeloid</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.50</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> other/nos</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.67</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> lymphoma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.55</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.55</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> multiple myeloma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><label>*</label>
<p id="P30">overall total of cancer-free individuals and those with non-hematologic cancers</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Distribution and frequency of recurrent detectable clonal mosaic events</p>
</caption>
<table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th colspan="6" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Counts<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="5" align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Mosaic Frequency (%)<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q<break></break>
(del)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20q<break></break>
(del)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9p<break></break>
(cnloh)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14q<break></break>
(cnloh)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">other</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13q<break></break>
(del)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20q<break></break>
(del)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9p<break></break>
(cnloh)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14q<break></break>
(cnloh)</th>
<th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">other</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Overall</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>33</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>77</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>56</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>35</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>480</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>681</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>70</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cancer free</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>10</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>30</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>28</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>150</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>225</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>13</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>12</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>67</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cancer DX</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>47</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>28</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>28</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>330</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>456</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>10</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6</bold>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>72</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><italic>First non-hematologic cancer</italic>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> bladder</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> breast</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> endometrium</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> esophagus</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> glioma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> kidney</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> lung</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> osteosarcoma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ovary</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pancreas</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> prostate</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> stomach</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> testis</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> other sites</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><italic>Any hematologic cancer</italic>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> leukemia</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> lymphoma</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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