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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure</title><author><name sortKey="Wain, Louise V" sort="Wain, Louise V" uniqKey="Wain L" first="Louise V" last="Wain">Louise V. Wain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verwoert, Germaine C" sort="Verwoert, Germaine C" uniqKey="Verwoert G" first="Germaine C" last="Verwoert">Germaine C. Verwoert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Eilly, Paul F" sort="O Eilly, Paul F" uniqKey="O Eilly P" first="Paul F" last="O Eilly">Paul F. O Eilly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Gang" sort="Shi, Gang" uniqKey="Shi G" first="Gang" last="Shi">Gang Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Andrew D" sort="Johnson, Andrew D" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Andrew D" last="Johnson">Andrew D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth M" sort="Rice, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth M" last="Rice">Kenneth M. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henneman, Peter" sort="Henneman, Peter" uniqKey="Henneman P" first="Peter" last="Henneman">Peter Henneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert V" sort="Smith, Albert V" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert V" last="Smith">Albert V. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B" last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, Martin G" sort="Larson, Martin G" uniqKey="Larson M" first="Martin G" last="Larson">Martin G. Larson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mooser, Vincent" sort="Mooser, Vincent" uniqKey="Mooser V" first="Vincent" last="Mooser">Vincent Mooser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Genetics Division R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadley, David" sort="Hadley, David" uniqKey="Hadley D" first="David" last="Hadley">David Hadley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bis, Joshua C" sort="Bis, Joshua C" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Joshua C" last="Bis">Joshua C. Bis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aspelund, Thor" sort="Aspelund, Thor" uniqKey="Aspelund T" first="Thor" last="Aspelund">Thor Aspelund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssens, A Cecile Jw" sort="Janssens, A Cecile Jw" uniqKey="Janssens A" first="A Cecile Jw" last="Janssens">A Cecile Jw Janssens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Simon" sort="Heath, Simon" uniqKey="Heath S" first="Simon" last="Heath">Simon Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laan, Maris" sort="Laan, Maris" uniqKey="Laan M" first="Maris" last="Laan">Maris Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Jingyuan" sort="Fu, Jingyuan" uniqKey="Fu J" first="Jingyuan" last="Fu">Jingyuan Fu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pistis, Giorgio" sort="Pistis, Giorgio" uniqKey="Pistis G" first="Giorgio" last="Pistis">Giorgio Pistis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Pankaj" sort="Arora, Pankaj" uniqKey="Arora P" first="Pankaj" last="Arora">Pankaj Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucas, Gavin" sort="Lucas, Gavin" uniqKey="Lucas G" first="Gavin" last="Lucas">Gavin Lucas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigacio Medica, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pirastu, Nicola" sort="Pirastu, Nicola" uniqKey="Pirastu N" first="Nicola" last="Pirastu">Nicola Pirastu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Rebecca J" sort="Webster, Rebecca J" uniqKey="Webster R" first="Rebecca J" last="Webster">Rebecca J. Webster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Helena" sort="Schmidt, Helena" uniqKey="Schmidt H" first="Helena" last="Schmidt">Helena Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igl, Wilmar" sort="Igl, Wilmar" uniqKey="Igl W" first="Wilmar" last="Igl">Wilmar Igl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milaneschi, Yuri" sort="Milaneschi, Yuri" uniqKey="Milaneschi Y" first="Yuri" last="Milaneschi">Yuri Milaneschi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hotteng, Jouke Jan" sort="Hotteng, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hotteng J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hotteng">Jouke-Jan Hotteng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">NCA institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I" last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alizadeh, Behrooz Z" sort="Alizadeh, Behrooz Z" uniqKey="Alizadeh B" first="Behrooz Z" last="Alizadeh">Behrooz Z. Alizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C" last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiuqing" sort="Guo, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiuqing" last="Guo">Xiuqing Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhnel, Brigitte" sort="Kuhnel, Brigitte" uniqKey="Kuhnel B" first="Brigitte" last="Kühnel">Brigitte Kühnel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Lorna M" sort="Lopez, Lorna M" uniqKey="Lopez L" first="Lorna M" last="Lopez">Lorna M. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boban, Mladen" sort="Boban, Mladen" uniqKey="Boban M" first="Mladen" last="Boban">Mladen Boban</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Christopher P" sort="Nelson, Christopher P" uniqKey="Nelson C" first="Christopher P" last="Nelson">Christopher P. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Alanna C" sort="Morrison, Alanna C" uniqKey="Morrison A" first="Alanna C" last="Morrison">Alanna C. Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pihur, Vasyl" sort="Pihur, Vasyl" uniqKey="Pihur V" first="Vasyl" last="Pihur">Vasyl Pihur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesh, Santhi K" sort="Ganesh, Santhi K" uniqKey="Ganesh S" first="Santhi K" last="Ganesh">Santhi K. Ganesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kundu, Suman" sort="Kundu, Suman" uniqKey="Kundu S" first="Suman" last="Kundu">Suman Kundu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mattace Raso, Francesco Us" sort="Mattace Raso, Francesco Us" uniqKey="Mattace Raso F" first="Francesco Us" last="Mattace-Raso">Francesco Us Mattace-Raso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sijbrands, Eric Jg" sort="Sijbrands, Eric Jg" uniqKey="Sijbrands E" first="Eric Jg" last="Sijbrands">Eric Jg Sijbrands</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G" last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Shih Jen" sort="Hwang, Shih Jen" uniqKey="Hwang S" first="Shih-Jen" last="Hwang">Shih-Jen Hwang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Center for Population Studies, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasan, Ramachandran S" sort="Vasan, Ramachandran S" uniqKey="Vasan R" first="Ramachandran S" last="Vasan">Ramachandran S. Vasan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Thomas J" sort="Wang, Thomas J" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Thomas J" last="Wang">Thomas J. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Département de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laitinen, Jaana" sort="Laitinen, Jaana" uniqKey="Laitinen J" first="Jaana" last="Laitinen">Jaana Laitinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitting, Paavo" sort="Zitting, Paavo" uniqKey="Zitting P" first="Paavo" last="Zitting">Paavo Zitting</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Physiatrics, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Heyo K" sort="Kroemer, Heyo K" uniqKey="Kroemer H" first="Heyo K" last="Kroemer">Heyo K. Kroemer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Institute of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glazer, Nicole L" sort="Glazer, Nicole L" uniqKey="Glazer N" first="Nicole L" last="Glazer">Nicole L. Glazer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Kent D" sort="Taylor, Kent D" uniqKey="Taylor K" first="Kent D" last="Taylor">Kent D. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alavere, Helene" sort="Alavere, Helene" uniqKey="Alavere H" first="Helene" last="Alavere">Helene Alavere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keis, Aime" sort="Keis, Aime" uniqKey="Keis A" first="Aime" last="Keis">Aime Keis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tammesoo, Mari Liis" sort="Tammesoo, Mari Liis" uniqKey="Tammesoo M" first="Mari-Liis" last="Tammesoo">Mari-Liis Tammesoo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aulchenko, Yurii" sort="Aulchenko, Yurii" uniqKey="Aulchenko Y" first="Yurii" last="Aulchenko">Yurii Aulchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galan, Pilar" sort="Galan, Pilar" uniqKey="Galan P" first="Pilar" last="Galan">Pilar Galan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyheramendy, Susana" sort="Eyheramendy, Susana" uniqKey="Eyheramendy S" first="Susana" last="Eyheramendy">Susana Eyheramendy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Department of Statistics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Org, Elin" sort="Org, Elin" uniqKey="Org E" first="Elin" last="Org">Elin Org</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Ber, Siim" sort="S Ber, Siim" uniqKey="S Ber S" first="Siim" last="S Ber">Siim S Ber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xiaowen" sort="Lu, Xiaowen" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xiaowen" last="Lu">Xiaowen Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M" last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W" last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corre, Tanguy" sort="Corre, Tanguy" uniqKey="Corre T" first="Tanguy" last="Corre">Tanguy Corre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masciullo, Corrado" sort="Masciullo, Corrado" uniqKey="Masciullo C" first="Corrado" last="Masciullo">Corrado Masciullo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, Cinzia" sort="Sala, Cinzia" uniqKey="Sala C" first="Cinzia" last="Sala">Cinzia Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melander, Olle" sort="Melander, Olle" uniqKey="Melander O" first="Olle" last="Melander">Olle Melander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Christopher J" sort="O Onnell, Christopher J" uniqKey="O Onnell C" first="Christopher J" last="O Onnell">Christopher J. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and its Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave., Suite</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Damo, Adamo Pio" sort="D Damo, Adamo Pio" uniqKey="D Damo A" first="Adamo Pio" last="D Damo">Adamo Pio D Damo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabretto, Antonella" sort="Fabretto, Antonella" uniqKey="Fabretto A" first="Antonella" last="Fabretto">Antonella Fabretto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faletra, Flavio" sort="Faletra, Flavio" uniqKey="Faletra F" first="Flavio" last="Faletra">Flavio Faletra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulivi, Sheila" sort="Ulivi, Sheila" uniqKey="Ulivi S" first="Sheila" last="Ulivi">Sheila Ulivi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Greco, M Fabiola" sort="Del Greco, M Fabiola" uniqKey="Del Greco M" first="M Fabiola" last="Del Greco">M Fabiola Del Greco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Facheris, Maurizio" sort="Facheris, Maurizio" uniqKey="Facheris M" first="Maurizio" last="Facheris">Maurizio Facheris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Joseph" sort="Hung, Joseph" uniqKey="Hung J" first="Joseph" last="Hung">Joseph Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, A William" sort="Musk, A William" uniqKey="Musk A" first="A William" last="Musk">A William Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">School of Medicine and Pharmcology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, So Youn" sort="Shin, So Youn" uniqKey="Shin S" first="So-Youn" last="Shin">So-Youn Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soranzo, Nicole" sort="Soranzo, Nicole" uniqKey="Soranzo N" first="Nicole" last="Soranzo">Nicole Soranzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gider, Pierre" sort="Gider, Pierre" uniqKey="Gider P" first="Pierre" last="Gider">Pierre Gider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loitfelder, Marisa" sort="Loitfelder, Marisa" uniqKey="Loitfelder M" first="Marisa" last="Loitfelder">Marisa Loitfelder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Neurology Section of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeginigg, Marion" sort="Zeginigg, Marion" uniqKey="Zeginigg M" first="Marion" last="Zeginigg">Marion Zeginigg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najjar, Samer S" sort="Najjar, Samer S" uniqKey="Najjar S" first="Samer S" last="Najjar">Samer S. Najjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Cardiovascular Research Institute, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corsi, Anna Maria" sort="Corsi, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Corsi A" first="Anna Maria" last="Corsi">Anna Maria Corsi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Tuscany Regional Health Agency, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew" sort="Singleton, Andrew" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew" last="Singleton">Andrew Singleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco Jc" sort="De Geus, Eco Jc" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco Jc" last="De Geus">Eco Jc De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Alex N" sort="Parker, Alex N" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Alex N" last="Parker">Alex N. Parker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M" last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckley, Brendan" sort="Buckley, Brendan" uniqKey="Buckley B" first="Brendan" last="Buckley">Brendan Buckley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, David" sort="Stott, David" uniqKey="Stott D" first="David" last="Stott">David Stott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, Marco" sort="Orru, Marco" uniqKey="Orru M" first="Marco" last="Orru">Marco Orru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uda, Manuela" sort="Uda, Manuela" uniqKey="Uda M" first="Manuela" last="Uda">Manuela Uda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Klauw, Melanie M" sort="Van Der Klauw, Melanie M" uniqKey="Van Der Klauw M" first="Melanie M" last="Van Der Klauw">Melanie M. Van Der Klauw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xinzhong" sort="Li, Xinzhong" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xinzhong" last="Li">Xinzhong Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, James" sort="Scott, James" uniqKey="Scott J" first="James" last="Scott">James Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Gregory L" sort="Burke, Gregory L" uniqKey="Burke G" first="Gregory L" last="Burke">Gregory L. Burke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma" sort="Viikari, Jorma" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma" last="Viikari">Jorma Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meitinger, Thomas" sort="Meitinger, Thomas" uniqKey="Meitinger T" first="Thomas" last="Meitinger">Thomas Meitinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Gail" sort="Davies, Gail" uniqKey="Davies G" first="Gail" last="Davies">Gail Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M" last="Starr">John M. Starr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Geriatric Medicine Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Victoria, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emilsson, Valur" sort="Emilsson, Valur" uniqKey="Emilsson V" first="Valur" last="Emilsson">Valur Emilsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plump, Andrew" sort="Plump, Andrew" uniqKey="Plump A" first="Andrew" last="Plump">Andrew Plump</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Cardiovascular Disease Franchise, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindeman, Jan H" sort="Lindeman, Jan H" uniqKey="Lindeman J" first="Jan H" last="Lindeman">Jan H. Lindeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Hoen, Peter Ac" sort=" Hoen, Peter Ac" uniqKey=" Hoen P" first="Peter Ac" last=" Hoen">Peter Ac Hoen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konig, Inke R" sort="Konig, Inke R" uniqKey="Konig I" first="Inke R" last="König">Inke R. König</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felix, Janine F" sort="Felix, Janine F" uniqKey="Felix J" first="Janine F" last="Felix">Janine F. Felix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">German Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopewell, Jemma C" sort="Hopewell, Jemma C" uniqKey="Hopewell J" first="Jemma C" last="Hopewell">Jemma C. Hopewell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ongen, Halit" sort="Ongen, Halit" uniqKey="Ongen H" first="Halit" last="Ongen">Halit Ongen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breteler, Monique" sort="Breteler, Monique" uniqKey="Breteler M" first="Monique" last="Breteler">Monique Breteler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debette, Stephanie" sort="Debette, Stephanie" uniqKey="Debette S" first="Stéphanie" last="Debette">Stéphanie Debette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Destefano, Anita L" sort="Destefano, Anita L" uniqKey="Destefano A" first="Anita L" last="Destefano">Anita L. Destefano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Gary F" sort="Mitchell, Gary F" uniqKey="Mitchell G" first="Gary F" last="Mitchell">Gary F. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Nicholas L" sort="Smith, Nicholas L" uniqKey="Smith N" first="Nicholas L" last="Smith">Nicholas L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information, Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Hilma" sort="Holm, Hilma" uniqKey="Holm H" first="Hilma" last="Holm">Hilma Holm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J" last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preuss, Michael" sort="Preuss, Michael" uniqKey="Preuss M" first="Michael" last="Preuss">Michael Preuss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deary, Ian J" sort="Deary, Ian J" uniqKey="Deary I" first="Ian J" last="Deary">Ian J. Deary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H-Erich" last="Wichmann">H-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T" last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmas, Walter" sort="Palmas, Walter" uniqKey="Palmas W" first="Walter" last="Palmas">Walter Palmas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Columbia University, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S" last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P" last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf B" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf B" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf B" last="Gyllensten">Ulf B. Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Neurology Section of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeufer, Arne" sort="Pfeufer, Arne" uniqKey="Pfeufer A" first="Arne" last="Pfeufer">Arne Pfeufer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gasparini, Paolo" sort="Gasparini, Paolo" uniqKey="Gasparini P" first="Paolo" last="Gasparini">Paolo Gasparini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siscovick, David" sort="Siscovick, David" uniqKey="Siscovick D" first="David" last="Siscovick">David Siscovick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, David" sort="Altshuler, David" uniqKey="Altshuler D" first="David" last="Altshuler">David Altshuler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth Jf" sort="Loos, Ruth Jf" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth Jf" last="Loos">Ruth Jf Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toniolo, Daniela" sort="Toniolo, Daniela" uniqKey="Toniolo D" first="Daniela" last="Toniolo">Daniela Toniolo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Institute of Molecuar Genetics_CNR, Pavia, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore" sort="Launer, Lenore" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore" last="Launer">Lenore Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Marylands, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rettig, Rainer" sort="Rettig, Rainer" uniqKey="Rettig R" first="Rainer" last="Rettig">Rainer Rettig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">Institute of Physiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P" last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S" last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Département de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witteman, Jacqueline Cm" sort="Witteman, Jacqueline Cm" uniqKey="Witteman J" first="Jacqueline Cm" last="Witteman">Jacqueline Cm Witteman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" sort="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" uniqKey="Van Dijk K" first="Ko Willems" last="Van Dijk">Ko Willems Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M" last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newton Cheh, Christopher" sort="Newton Cheh, Christopher" uniqKey="Newton Cheh C" first="Christopher" last="Newton-Cheh">Christopher Newton-Cheh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Daniel" sort="Levy, Daniel" uniqKey="Levy D" first="Daniel" last="Levy">Daniel Levy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Center for Population Studies, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark J" sort="Caulfield, Mark J" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark J" last="Caulfield">Mark J. Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Dabeeru C" sort="Rao, Dabeeru C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="Dabeeru C" last="Rao">Dabeeru C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tobin, Martin D" sort="Tobin, Martin D" uniqKey="Tobin M" first="Martin D" last="Tobin">Martin D. Tobin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Centre of Medical Systems Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21909110</idno><idno type="pmc">3445021</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445021</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3445021</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.922</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E06</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E06</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure</title><author><name sortKey="Wain, Louise V" sort="Wain, Louise V" uniqKey="Wain L" first="Louise V" last="Wain">Louise V. Wain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verwoert, Germaine C" sort="Verwoert, Germaine C" uniqKey="Verwoert G" first="Germaine C" last="Verwoert">Germaine C. Verwoert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Eilly, Paul F" sort="O Eilly, Paul F" uniqKey="O Eilly P" first="Paul F" last="O Eilly">Paul F. O Eilly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Gang" sort="Shi, Gang" uniqKey="Shi G" first="Gang" last="Shi">Gang Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Andrew D" sort="Johnson, Andrew D" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Andrew D" last="Johnson">Andrew D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth M" sort="Rice, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth M" last="Rice">Kenneth M. Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henneman, Peter" sort="Henneman, Peter" uniqKey="Henneman P" first="Peter" last="Henneman">Peter Henneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert V" sort="Smith, Albert V" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert V" last="Smith">Albert V. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B" last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, Martin G" sort="Larson, Martin G" uniqKey="Larson M" first="Martin G" last="Larson">Martin G. Larson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mooser, Vincent" sort="Mooser, Vincent" uniqKey="Mooser V" first="Vincent" last="Mooser">Vincent Mooser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Genetics Division R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadley, David" sort="Hadley, David" uniqKey="Hadley D" first="David" last="Hadley">David Hadley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bis, Joshua C" sort="Bis, Joshua C" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Joshua C" last="Bis">Joshua C. Bis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aspelund, Thor" sort="Aspelund, Thor" uniqKey="Aspelund T" first="Thor" last="Aspelund">Thor Aspelund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssens, A Cecile Jw" sort="Janssens, A Cecile Jw" uniqKey="Janssens A" first="A Cecile Jw" last="Janssens">A Cecile Jw Janssens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Simon" sort="Heath, Simon" uniqKey="Heath S" first="Simon" last="Heath">Simon Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laan, Maris" sort="Laan, Maris" uniqKey="Laan M" first="Maris" last="Laan">Maris Laan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Jingyuan" sort="Fu, Jingyuan" uniqKey="Fu J" first="Jingyuan" last="Fu">Jingyuan Fu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pistis, Giorgio" sort="Pistis, Giorgio" uniqKey="Pistis G" first="Giorgio" last="Pistis">Giorgio Pistis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Pankaj" sort="Arora, Pankaj" uniqKey="Arora P" first="Pankaj" last="Arora">Pankaj Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucas, Gavin" sort="Lucas, Gavin" uniqKey="Lucas G" first="Gavin" last="Lucas">Gavin Lucas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigacio Medica, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pirastu, Nicola" sort="Pirastu, Nicola" uniqKey="Pirastu N" first="Nicola" last="Pirastu">Nicola Pirastu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Rebecca J" sort="Webster, Rebecca J" uniqKey="Webster R" first="Rebecca J" last="Webster">Rebecca J. Webster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Helena" sort="Schmidt, Helena" uniqKey="Schmidt H" first="Helena" last="Schmidt">Helena Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igl, Wilmar" sort="Igl, Wilmar" uniqKey="Igl W" first="Wilmar" last="Igl">Wilmar Igl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milaneschi, Yuri" sort="Milaneschi, Yuri" uniqKey="Milaneschi Y" first="Yuri" last="Milaneschi">Yuri Milaneschi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hotteng, Jouke Jan" sort="Hotteng, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hotteng J" first="Jouke-Jan" last="Hotteng">Jouke-Jan Hotteng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">NCA institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I" last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trompet, Stella" sort="Trompet, Stella" uniqKey="Trompet S" first="Stella" last="Trompet">Stella Trompet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L" last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alizadeh, Behrooz Z" sort="Alizadeh, Behrooz Z" uniqKey="Alizadeh B" first="Behrooz Z" last="Alizadeh">Behrooz Z. Alizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C" last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiuqing" sort="Guo, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiuqing" last="Guo">Xiuqing Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhnel, Brigitte" sort="Kuhnel, Brigitte" uniqKey="Kuhnel B" first="Brigitte" last="Kühnel">Brigitte Kühnel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Lorna M" sort="Lopez, Lorna M" uniqKey="Lopez L" first="Lorna M" last="Lopez">Lorna M. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polašek">Ozren Polašek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boban, Mladen" sort="Boban, Mladen" uniqKey="Boban M" first="Mladen" last="Boban">Mladen Boban</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Christopher P" sort="Nelson, Christopher P" uniqKey="Nelson C" first="Christopher P" last="Nelson">Christopher P. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Alanna C" sort="Morrison, Alanna C" uniqKey="Morrison A" first="Alanna C" last="Morrison">Alanna C. Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pihur, Vasyl" sort="Pihur, Vasyl" uniqKey="Pihur V" first="Vasyl" last="Pihur">Vasyl Pihur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesh, Santhi K" sort="Ganesh, Santhi K" uniqKey="Ganesh S" first="Santhi K" last="Ganesh">Santhi K. Ganesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kundu, Suman" sort="Kundu, Suman" uniqKey="Kundu S" first="Suman" last="Kundu">Suman Kundu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mattace Raso, Francesco Us" sort="Mattace Raso, Francesco Us" uniqKey="Mattace Raso F" first="Francesco Us" last="Mattace-Raso">Francesco Us Mattace-Raso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sijbrands, Eric Jg" sort="Sijbrands, Eric Jg" uniqKey="Sijbrands E" first="Eric Jg" last="Sijbrands">Eric Jg Sijbrands</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre G" last="Uitterlinden">Andre G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Shih Jen" sort="Hwang, Shih Jen" uniqKey="Hwang S" first="Shih-Jen" last="Hwang">Shih-Jen Hwang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Center for Population Studies, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasan, Ramachandran S" sort="Vasan, Ramachandran S" uniqKey="Vasan R" first="Ramachandran S" last="Vasan">Ramachandran S. Vasan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Thomas J" sort="Wang, Thomas J" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Thomas J" last="Wang">Thomas J. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Département de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laitinen, Jaana" sort="Laitinen, Jaana" uniqKey="Laitinen J" first="Jaana" last="Laitinen">Jaana Laitinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitting, Paavo" sort="Zitting, Paavo" uniqKey="Zitting P" first="Paavo" last="Zitting">Paavo Zitting</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Physiatrics, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcardle, Wendy L" sort="Mcardle, Wendy L" uniqKey="Mcardle W" first="Wendy L" last="Mcardle">Wendy L. Mcardle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Heyo K" sort="Kroemer, Heyo K" uniqKey="Kroemer H" first="Heyo K" last="Kroemer">Heyo K. Kroemer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Institute of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glazer, Nicole L" sort="Glazer, Nicole L" uniqKey="Glazer N" first="Nicole L" last="Glazer">Nicole L. Glazer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Kent D" sort="Taylor, Kent D" uniqKey="Taylor K" first="Kent D" last="Taylor">Kent D. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B" last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alavere, Helene" sort="Alavere, Helene" uniqKey="Alavere H" first="Helene" last="Alavere">Helene Alavere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keis, Aime" sort="Keis, Aime" uniqKey="Keis A" first="Aime" last="Keis">Aime Keis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tammesoo, Mari Liis" sort="Tammesoo, Mari Liis" uniqKey="Tammesoo M" first="Mari-Liis" last="Tammesoo">Mari-Liis Tammesoo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aulchenko, Yurii" sort="Aulchenko, Yurii" uniqKey="Aulchenko Y" first="Yurii" last="Aulchenko">Yurii Aulchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khaw, Kay Tee" sort="Khaw, Kay Tee" uniqKey="Khaw K" first="Kay-Tee" last="Khaw">Kay-Tee Khaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galan, Pilar" sort="Galan, Pilar" uniqKey="Galan P" first="Pilar" last="Galan">Pilar Galan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyheramendy, Susana" sort="Eyheramendy, Susana" uniqKey="Eyheramendy S" first="Susana" last="Eyheramendy">Susana Eyheramendy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Department of Statistics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Org, Elin" sort="Org, Elin" uniqKey="Org E" first="Elin" last="Org">Elin Org</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Ber, Siim" sort="S Ber, Siim" uniqKey="S Ber S" first="Siim" last="S Ber">Siim S Ber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xiaowen" sort="Lu, Xiaowen" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xiaowen" last="Lu">Xiaowen Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M" last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W" sort="Penninx, Brenda W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W" last="Penninx">Brenda W. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corre, Tanguy" sort="Corre, Tanguy" uniqKey="Corre T" first="Tanguy" last="Corre">Tanguy Corre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masciullo, Corrado" sort="Masciullo, Corrado" uniqKey="Masciullo C" first="Corrado" last="Masciullo">Corrado Masciullo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, Cinzia" sort="Sala, Cinzia" uniqKey="Sala C" first="Cinzia" last="Sala">Cinzia Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melander, Olle" sort="Melander, Olle" uniqKey="Melander O" first="Olle" last="Melander">Olle Melander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Christopher J" sort="O Onnell, Christopher J" uniqKey="O Onnell C" first="Christopher J" last="O Onnell">Christopher J. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and its Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave., Suite</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Damo, Adamo Pio" sort="D Damo, Adamo Pio" uniqKey="D Damo A" first="Adamo Pio" last="D Damo">Adamo Pio D Damo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabretto, Antonella" sort="Fabretto, Antonella" uniqKey="Fabretto A" first="Antonella" last="Fabretto">Antonella Fabretto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faletra, Flavio" sort="Faletra, Flavio" uniqKey="Faletra F" first="Flavio" last="Faletra">Flavio Faletra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulivi, Sheila" sort="Ulivi, Sheila" uniqKey="Ulivi S" first="Sheila" last="Ulivi">Sheila Ulivi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Greco, M Fabiola" sort="Del Greco, M Fabiola" uniqKey="Del Greco M" first="M Fabiola" last="Del Greco">M Fabiola Del Greco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Facheris, Maurizio" sort="Facheris, Maurizio" uniqKey="Facheris M" first="Maurizio" last="Facheris">Maurizio Facheris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Joseph" sort="Hung, Joseph" uniqKey="Hung J" first="Joseph" last="Hung">Joseph Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, A William" sort="Musk, A William" uniqKey="Musk A" first="A William" last="Musk">A William Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">School of Medicine and Pharmcology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, So Youn" sort="Shin, So Youn" uniqKey="Shin S" first="So-Youn" last="Shin">So-Youn Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soranzo, Nicole" sort="Soranzo, Nicole" uniqKey="Soranzo N" first="Nicole" last="Soranzo">Nicole Soranzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gider, Pierre" sort="Gider, Pierre" uniqKey="Gider P" first="Pierre" last="Gider">Pierre Gider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loitfelder, Marisa" sort="Loitfelder, Marisa" uniqKey="Loitfelder M" first="Marisa" last="Loitfelder">Marisa Loitfelder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Neurology Section of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeginigg, Marion" sort="Zeginigg, Marion" uniqKey="Zeginigg M" first="Marion" last="Zeginigg">Marion Zeginigg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najjar, Samer S" sort="Najjar, Samer S" uniqKey="Najjar S" first="Samer S" last="Najjar">Samer S. Najjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Cardiovascular Research Institute, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corsi, Anna Maria" sort="Corsi, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Corsi A" first="Anna Maria" last="Corsi">Anna Maria Corsi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Tuscany Regional Health Agency, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew" sort="Singleton, Andrew" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew" last="Singleton">Andrew Singleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco Jc" sort="De Geus, Eco Jc" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco Jc" last="De Geus">Eco Jc De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Alex N" sort="Parker, Alex N" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Alex N" last="Parker">Alex N. Parker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M" last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckley, Brendan" sort="Buckley, Brendan" uniqKey="Buckley B" first="Brendan" last="Buckley">Brendan Buckley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, David" sort="Stott, David" uniqKey="Stott D" first="David" last="Stott">David Stott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, Marco" sort="Orru, Marco" uniqKey="Orru M" first="Marco" last="Orru">Marco Orru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uda, Manuela" sort="Uda, Manuela" uniqKey="Uda M" first="Manuela" last="Uda">Manuela Uda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Klauw, Melanie M" sort="Van Der Klauw, Melanie M" uniqKey="Van Der Klauw M" first="Melanie M" last="Van Der Klauw">Melanie M. Van Der Klauw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xinzhong" sort="Li, Xinzhong" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xinzhong" last="Li">Xinzhong Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, James" sort="Scott, James" uniqKey="Scott J" first="James" last="Scott">James Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Gregory L" sort="Burke, Gregory L" uniqKey="Burke G" first="Gregory L" last="Burke">Gregory L. Burke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viikari, Jorma" sort="Viikari, Jorma" uniqKey="Viikari J" first="Jorma" last="Viikari">Jorma Viikari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doring, Angela" sort="Doring, Angela" uniqKey="Doring A" first="Angela" last="Döring">Angela Döring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meitinger, Thomas" sort="Meitinger, Thomas" uniqKey="Meitinger T" first="Thomas" last="Meitinger">Thomas Meitinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Gail" sort="Davies, Gail" uniqKey="Davies G" first="Gail" last="Davies">Gail Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starr, John M" sort="Starr, John M" uniqKey="Starr J" first="John M" last="Starr">John M. Starr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Geriatric Medicine Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Victoria, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emilsson, Valur" sort="Emilsson, Valur" uniqKey="Emilsson V" first="Valur" last="Emilsson">Valur Emilsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plump, Andrew" sort="Plump, Andrew" uniqKey="Plump A" first="Andrew" last="Plump">Andrew Plump</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">Cardiovascular Disease Franchise, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindeman, Jan H" sort="Lindeman, Jan H" uniqKey="Lindeman J" first="Jan H" last="Lindeman">Jan H. Lindeman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Hoen, Peter Ac" sort=" Hoen, Peter Ac" uniqKey=" Hoen P" first="Peter Ac" last=" Hoen">Peter Ac Hoen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konig, Inke R" sort="Konig, Inke R" uniqKey="Konig I" first="Inke R" last="König">Inke R. König</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felix, Janine F" sort="Felix, Janine F" uniqKey="Felix J" first="Janine F" last="Felix">Janine F. Felix</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">German Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopewell, Jemma C" sort="Hopewell, Jemma C" uniqKey="Hopewell J" first="Jemma C" last="Hopewell">Jemma C. Hopewell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ongen, Halit" sort="Ongen, Halit" uniqKey="Ongen H" first="Halit" last="Ongen">Halit Ongen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breteler, Monique" sort="Breteler, Monique" uniqKey="Breteler M" first="Monique" last="Breteler">Monique Breteler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debette, Stephanie" sort="Debette, Stephanie" uniqKey="Debette S" first="Stéphanie" last="Debette">Stéphanie Debette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Destefano, Anita L" sort="Destefano, Anita L" uniqKey="Destefano A" first="Anita L" last="Destefano">Anita L. Destefano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Gary F" sort="Mitchell, Gary F" uniqKey="Mitchell G" first="Gary F" last="Mitchell">Gary F. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Nicholas L" sort="Smith, Nicholas L" uniqKey="Smith N" first="Nicholas L" last="Smith">Nicholas L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information, Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Hilma" sort="Holm, Hilma" uniqKey="Holm H" first="Hilma" last="Holm">Hilma Holm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samani, Nilesh J" sort="Samani, Nilesh J" uniqKey="Samani N" first="Nilesh J" last="Samani">Nilesh J. Samani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preuss, Michael" sort="Preuss, Michael" uniqKey="Preuss M" first="Michael" last="Preuss">Michael Preuss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deary, Ian J" sort="Deary, Ian J" uniqKey="Deary I" first="Ian J" last="Deary">Ian J. Deary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H-Erich" last="Wichmann">H-Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T" last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmas, Walter" sort="Palmas, Walter" uniqKey="Palmas W" first="Walter" last="Palmas">Walter Palmas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Columbia University, New York, New York, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S" last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Ronald P" sort="Stolk, Ronald P" uniqKey="Stolk R" first="Ronald P" last="Stolk">Ronald P. Stolk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jukema, J Wouter" sort="Jukema, J Wouter" uniqKey="Jukema J" first="J Wouter" last="Jukema">J Wouter Jukema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I" last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf B" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf B" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf B" last="Gyllensten">Ulf B. Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Neurology Section of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrall, Martin" sort="Farrall, Martin" uniqKey="Farrall M" first="Martin" last="Farrall">Martin Farrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D" last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeufer, Arne" sort="Pfeufer, Arne" uniqKey="Pfeufer A" first="Arne" last="Pfeufer">Arne Pfeufer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gasparini, Paolo" sort="Gasparini, Paolo" uniqKey="Gasparini P" first="Paolo" last="Gasparini">Paolo Gasparini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siscovick, David" sort="Siscovick, David" uniqKey="Siscovick D" first="David" last="Siscovick">David Siscovick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, David" sort="Altshuler, David" uniqKey="Altshuler D" first="David" last="Altshuler">David Altshuler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth Jf" sort="Loos, Ruth Jf" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth Jf" last="Loos">Ruth Jf Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toniolo, Daniela" sort="Toniolo, Daniela" uniqKey="Toniolo D" first="Daniela" last="Toniolo">Daniela Toniolo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Institute of Molecuar Genetics_CNR, Pavia, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore" sort="Launer, Lenore" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore" last="Launer">Lenore Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Marylands, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rettig, Rainer" sort="Rettig, Rainer" uniqKey="Rettig R" first="Rainer" last="Rettig">Rainer Rettig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">Institute of Physiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P" last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S" last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Département de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witteman, Jacqueline Cm" sort="Witteman, Jacqueline Cm" uniqKey="Witteman J" first="Jacqueline Cm" last="Witteman">Jacqueline Cm Witteman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdmann, Jeanette" sort="Erdmann, Jeanette" uniqKey="Erdmann J" first="Jeanette" last="Erdmann">Jeanette Erdmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" sort="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" uniqKey="Van Dijk K" first="Ko Willems" last="Van Dijk">Ko Willems Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M" last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newton Cheh, Christopher" sort="Newton Cheh, Christopher" uniqKey="Newton Cheh C" first="Christopher" last="Newton-Cheh">Christopher Newton-Cheh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Daniel" sort="Levy, Daniel" uniqKey="Levy D" first="Daniel" last="Levy">Daniel Levy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Center for Population Studies, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munroe, Patricia B" sort="Munroe, Patricia B" uniqKey="Munroe P" first="Patricia B" last="Munroe">Patricia B. Munroe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A174">Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caulfield, Mark J" sort="Caulfield, Mark J" uniqKey="Caulfield M" first="Mark J" last="Caulfield">Mark J. Caulfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Dabeeru C" sort="Rao, Dabeeru C" uniqKey="Rao D" first="Dabeeru C" last="Rao">Dabeeru C. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A175">Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A176">Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tobin, Martin D" sort="Tobin, Martin D" uniqKey="Tobin M" first="Martin D" last="Tobin">Martin D. Tobin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A177">MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A178">Centre of Medical Systems Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Numerous genetic loci influence systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans <sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N=74,064) and follow-up studies (N=48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic>= 2.7×10<sup>-8</sup> to <italic>P</italic>=2.3×10<sup>-13</sup>) four novel PP loci (at 4q12 near <italic>CHIC2/PDGFRAI</italic>, 7q22.3 near <italic>PIK3CG</italic>, 8q24.12 in <italic>NOV</italic>, 11q24.3 near <italic>ADAMTS-8</italic>), two novel MAP loci (3p21.31 in <italic>MAP4</italic>, 10q25.3 near <italic>ADRB1</italic>) and one locus associated with both traits (2q24.3 near <italic>FIGN</italic>) which has recently been associated with SBP in east Asians. For three of the novel PP signals, the estimated effect for SBP was opposite to that for DBP, in contrast to the majority of common SBP- and DBP-associated variants which show concordant effects on both traits. These findings indicate novel genetic mechanisms underlying blood pressure variation, including pathways that may differentially influence SBP and DBP.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ehret, G" uniqKey="Ehret G">G Ehret</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levy, D" uniqKey="Levy D">D Levy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Newton Cheh, C" uniqKey="Newton Cheh C">C Newton-Cheh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lawes, Cm" uniqKey="Lawes C">CM Lawes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rose, G" uniqKey="Rose G">G Rose</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Domanski, Mj" uniqKey="Domanski M">MJ Domanski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21909110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3445021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS316759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wain</surname><given-names>Louise V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib 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rid="A51">51</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A72">72</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jarvelin</surname><given-names>Marjo-Riitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A171">171</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A172">172</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A173">173</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chakravarti</surname><given-names>Aravinda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Goncalo R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gudnason</surname><given-names>Vilmundur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Newton-Cheh</surname><given-names>Christopher</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A91">91</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levy</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Munroe</surname><given-names>Patricia B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Psaty</surname><given-names>Bruce M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A136">136</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A174">174</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A138">138</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caulfield</surname><given-names>Mark J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>Dabeeru C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A175">175</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A176">176</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Tobin</surname><given-names>Martin D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Elliott</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A177">177</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname><given-names>Cornelia M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A178">178</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">180</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Genetics Division R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigacio Medica, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Medical Genetics IRCCS Burlo Garofolo/Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy. Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>NCA institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Center for Population Studies, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Département de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Department of Physiatrics, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Institute of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>Department of Statistics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and its Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave., Suite</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>IRCSS Burlo Garofolo Medical Genetics, Trieste, Italy</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>School of Medicine and Pharmcology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>Department of Neurology Section of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>Cardiovascular Research Institute, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA</aff><aff id="A109"><label>109</label>Tuscany Regional Health Agency, Florence, Italy</aff><aff id="A110"><label>110</label>EMGO+ institute, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A111"><label>111</label>Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A112"><label>112</label>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland</aff><aff id="A113"><label>113</label>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK</aff><aff id="A114"><label>114</label>Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy</aff><aff id="A115"><label>115</label>Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A116"><label>116</label>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK</aff><aff id="A117"><label>117</label>Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA</aff><aff id="A118"><label>118</label>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</aff><aff id="A119"><label>119</label>Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A120"><label>120</label>Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A121"><label>121</label>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A122"><label>122</label>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A123"><label>123</label>Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A124"><label>124</label>Geriatric Medicine Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Victoria, Edinburgh, UK</aff><aff id="A125"><label>125</label>Cardiovascular Disease Franchise, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey, USA</aff><aff id="A126"><label>126</label>Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A127"><label>127</label>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A128"><label>128</label>Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A129"><label>129</label>Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A130"><label>130</label>German Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A131"><label>131</label>Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</aff><aff id="A132"><label>132</label>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A133"><label>133</label>Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A134"><label>134</label>Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A135"><label>135</label>Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A136"><label>136</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A137"><label>137</label>Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information, Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A138"><label>138</label>Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A139"><label>139</label>deCODE genetics Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A140"><label>140</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A141"><label>141</label>Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK</aff><aff id="A142"><label>142</label>Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A143"><label>143</label>Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia</aff><aff id="A144"><label>144</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A145"><label>145</label>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A146"><label>146</label>Columbia University, New York, New York, USA</aff><aff id="A147"><label>147</label>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A148"><label>148</label>Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A149"><label>149</label>Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A150"><label>150</label>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy</aff><aff id="A151"><label>151</label>Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="A152"><label>152</label>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="A153"><label>153</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A154"><label>154</label>Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A155"><label>155</label>South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, Finland</aff><aff id="A156"><label>156</label>Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A157"><label>157</label>Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A158"><label>158</label>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A159"><label>159</label>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A160"><label>160</label>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A161"><label>161</label>Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A162"><label>162</label>Institute of Molecuar Genetics_CNR, Pavia, Italy</aff><aff id="A163"><label>163</label>U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A164"><label>164</label>Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A165"><label>165</label>National Institute of Aging’s Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, Marylands, USA</aff><aff id="A166"><label>166</label>Institute of Physiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A167"><label>167</label>Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A168"><label>168</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A169"><label>169</label>Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A170"><label>170</label>Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A171"><label>171</label>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK</aff><aff id="A172"><label>172</label>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A173"><label>173</label>Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A174"><label>174</label>Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A175"><label>175</label>Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</aff><aff id="A176"><label>176</label>Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA</aff><aff id="A177"><label>177</label>MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A178"><label>178</label>Centre of Medical Systems Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><author-notes><fn id="FN1"><label>179</label><p>A list of consortium members is supplied in the Supplementary Note.</p></fn><fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>180</label><p>These authors contributed equally.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>31</day><month>7</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>9</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>10</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>18</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1005</fpage><lpage>1011</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.922</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms"><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P1">Numerous genetic loci influence systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans <sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N=74,064) and follow-up studies (N=48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic>= 2.7×10<sup>-8</sup> to <italic>P</italic>=2.3×10<sup>-13</sup>) four novel PP loci (at 4q12 near <italic>CHIC2/PDGFRAI</italic>, 7q22.3 near <italic>PIK3CG</italic>, 8q24.12 in <italic>NOV</italic>, 11q24.3 near <italic>ADAMTS-8</italic>), two novel MAP loci (3p21.31 in <italic>MAP4</italic>, 10q25.3 near <italic>ADRB1</italic>) and one locus associated with both traits (2q24.3 near <italic>FIGN</italic>) which has recently been associated with SBP in east Asians. For three of the novel PP signals, the estimated effect for SBP was opposite to that for DBP, in contrast to the majority of common SBP- and DBP-associated variants which show concordant effects on both traits. These findings indicate novel genetic mechanisms underlying blood pressure variation, including pathways that may differentially influence SBP and DBP.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p id="P2">High blood pressure is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. Large genome-wide association studies in Europeans have reported 29 novel loci for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) where alleles have effect sizes of up to 0.5-1mm Hg<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. Even small increments in blood pressure levels have important effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality at the population level<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>. We undertook a genome-wide association study of two further blood pressure phenotypes, pulse pressure (PP, the difference between SBP and DBP), a measure of stiffness of the main arteries, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), a weighted average of SBP and DBP. Both PP and MAP are predictive of hypertension<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> and cardiovascular disease<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>-<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P3">This study was undertaken by the International Consortium of Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies (ICBP-GWAS) which aims to further the understanding of the genetic architecture underlying blood pressure. The initial publication by this consortium<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> studied SBP and DBP with discovery GWAS among 69,395 people and a combined sample of ~200,000 Europeans. The two blood pressure phenotypes reported here, namely PP and MAP, were not previously analysed. All but one study that was included in the discovery GWAS of the study of SBP and DBP were included in the discovery GWAS stage of this study. In addition, a further 6 studies not included in the previous study<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> were included here bringing our discovery GWAS sample size to 74,064.</p><p id="P4">We first conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of PP and MAP in 74,064 individuals of European ancestry from 35 studies (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 1A</xref>). Genotypes were imputed using HapMap. To account for effects of anti-hypertensive treatments, we imputed underlying SBP and DBP by adding a constant to each<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. Associations were adjusted for age, age<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>, sex and body mass index. We combined results across studies using an inverse variance weighted meta-analysis and, to correct for residual test statistic inflation, applied genomic control (GC) both to study-level association statistics and to the meta-analysis (λ<sub>GC</sub>=1.08 for PP, λ<sub>GC</sub>=1.12 for MAP)<sup><xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup>. The QQ plots show an excess of extreme values largely accounted for by a modest number of genomic regions (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Figures 1 (a) – (b)</xref>). Independent follow-up analyses were performed in 48,607 individuals of European ancestry (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Online Methods and Supplementary Note</xref>).</p><p id="P5">SNPs in 12 regions showed genome-wide significant association (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>) with either PP or MAP in our discovery data (Stage 1) (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Figures 1 (c) – (d)</xref>), including two novel regions for PP (7q22.3 near <italic>PIK3CG, P</italic>=1.2×10<sup>-10</sup> and 11q24.3 near <italic>ADAMTS8, P</italic>=8.5×10<sup>-11</sup>; <xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>) and 10 regions previously associated with SBP and DBP (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2A for PP, Supplementary Table 2B for MAP</xref>)<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. For follow-up in a series of independent cohorts we selected 99 SNPs comprising those with <italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>-5</sup> for either PP or MAP and SNPs reported in recent large genome-wide association studies of SBP and DBP<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> to evaluate their effects on PP and MAP (Stage 2: <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Online Methods, Supplementary Note</xref>).</p><p id="P6">After meta-analysis of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 data (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2C</xref>), the two novel regions showing genome-wide association with PP after Stage 1 (near <italic>PIK3CG</italic> and near <italic>ADAMTS8</italic>) remained genome-wide significant. In addition, we found genome-wide significant associations for SNPs at two further novel loci for PP (at 4q12 near <italic>CHIC2/PDGFRA</italic> and 8q24.12 in <italic>NOV</italic>), two novel loci for MAP (3p21.31 in <italic>MAP4</italic>, 10q25.3 near <italic>ADRB1</italic>), and one locus for both traits (2q24.3 near <italic>FIGN</italic>) (<xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref> and <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref>) which has not previously shown an association with SBP or DBP in Europeans but which has recently been associated with SBP in east Asians (see <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>)<sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup>. Forest plots of the Stage 1 effect sizes and standard errors are shown in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Figure 2</xref>. The novel signals for MAP were strongly associated with both SBP and DBP (<italic>P</italic>=7.7×10<sup>-7</sup> to <italic>P</italic>=1.8×10<sup>-12</sup>), reflecting the high inter-correlations among these three blood pressure traits<sup><xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>,<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup>. For the sentinel SNPs in three of the novel PP loci, the estimated effects on SBP were in the opposite direction to the effects on DBP (<xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>, <xref rid="F2" ref-type="fig">Figure 2</xref>, <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 2D and 2E</xref>). Our findings show that analyses of PP and MAP reveal loci influencing blood pressure phenotypes which may not be detectable by studying SBP and DBP separately. Identification of novel genetic associations could help inform understanding about possible distinct mechanisms underlying relationships of PP with vascular risk<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,<xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup>.</p><p id="P7">Five additional loci for PP and 19 loci for MAP reaching genome-wide significance (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>, Stage 1 and Stage 2 combined) were recently shown to be associated with SBP/DBP<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 2A and 2B</xref>). We used sentinel SNPs from both the novel and known regions showing genome-wide significant associations with PP or MAP in the combined Stage 1 and 2 data to create weighted risk scores for: i) PP (10 independent SNPs) and; ii) MAP (22 SNPs) (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2F</xref>). We studied the associations of both risk scores with hypertension and blood pressure related outcomes including coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, echocardiographic measures of left ventricular structure, pulse wave velocity, renal function and renal failure. Adjusting for multiple testing for the 12 traits evaluated (<italic>P</italic>=0.05/12=4.1×10<sup>-3</sup>), the PP SNP risk score was associated with prevalent hypertension (<italic>P</italic>=7.9×10<sup>-6</sup>), incident stroke (<italic>P</italic>=4.9×10<sup>-4</sup>) and coronary heart disease (<italic>P</italic>=4.3×10<sup>-4</sup>), and the MAP SNP risk score was associated with hypertension (<italic>P</italic>=5.1×10<sup>-16</sup>), coronary heart disease (<italic>P</italic>=4.0 ×10<sup>-20</sup>), stroke (<italic>P</italic>=0.0019) and left ventricular wall thickness (<italic>P</italic>=2.1×10<sup>-4</sup>) (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 3A</xref>), confirming the clinical relevance of these measures of blood pressure phenotype<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>. For a range of blood pressure related outcomes (see <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>), we compared <italic>P</italic> values for the PP risk score and a series of 1000 permutations of SBP risk scores, each based on 10 of the 26 blood pressure SNPs associated with SBP but not PP, constraining the selection of SNPs to have similar sized effects for SBP as those of the 10 PP SNPs. The PP risk score had a significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.05) greater association with risk of ischemic stroke than the SBP risk score (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note and Supplementary Table 3B</xref>).</p><p id="P8">None of the genes in the identified novel regions is a strong candidate for blood pressure regulation, although several are implicated in mechanisms that may influence blood pressure. The most significant association with PP is within a putative mRNA clone (AF086203) spanning ~13.7kb at 7q22.3, 94kb upstream of <italic>PIK3CG</italic> (rs17477177, <italic>P</italic>=2.3×10<sup>-13</sup>, <xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref> and <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1a</xref>). <italic>PIK3CG</italic> encodes the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma polypeptide protein which phosphorylates phosphoinositides and modulates extracellular signals. This region was earlier associated with mean platelet volume, platelet count, and platelet aggregation<sup><xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>-<xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>, but the sentinel SNPs reported in those studies are independent of SNP rs17477177 reported here (r<sup>2</sup><0.01). Mice lacking the catalytic subunit of PI3Kγ have shown resistance to SBP-lowering effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists<sup><xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup>; PI3Kγ activity is increased in the failing human heart and associated with down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane<sup><xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup>. The second locus for PP located at 11q24.3 spans 35.5kb with the top-ranking SNP (rs11222084, <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>-11</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1b</xref>) lying 1.6kb downstream of <italic>ADAMTS-8</italic>. This gene is highly expressed in macrophage-rich areas of human atherosclerotic plaques and may affect extracellular matrix remodeling<sup><xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup>. The third locus for PP spans 28.5kb at 8q24.12 with the sentinel SNP (rs2071518, <italic>P</italic>=3.7×10<sup>-9</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1c</xref>) located in the 3’UTR of <italic>NOV</italic> which encodes the nephroblastoma overexpressed (CCN3) protein, associated with angiogenesis, proliferation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration<sup><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup>, and with reduced neointimal thickening in mice null for CCN3<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup>. Mice with mutations in <italic>NOV</italic> that truncate the NOV protein exhibit abnormal cardiac development<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup>. Of the genes evaluated for expression in human aortic samples at the novel PP loci, <italic>NOV</italic> showed by far the highest expression levels (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note and Supplementary Figure 3</xref>). The fourth locus for PP is 4q12 with the top-ranking SNP (rs871606, <italic>P</italic>=1.3×10<sup>-8</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1d</xref>) located 76.7kb downstream of <italic>CHIC2</italic> which encodes a cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain containing protein associated with acute myeloid leukaemia<sup><xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup>. This SNP is located 296kb upstream of <italic>PDGFRA</italic> which encodes platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, a cell surface receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family involved in kidney development. Variants in <italic>PDGFRA</italic> have been associated with red blood cell count and other haematological indices<sup><xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref></sup> but are independent (r<sup>2</sup><0.3) of rs871606.</p><p id="P9">For MAP we identified two novel loci. The first locus for MAP is at 10q25.3, 22.3kb upstream of <italic>ADRB1</italic> (rs2782980, <italic>P</italic>=2.5×10<sup>-9</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1e</xref>). <italic>ADRB1</italic> encodes the beta-1-adrenergic receptor, which mediates the effects of the stimulatory G protein and cAMP/protein kinase A pathway to increase heart rate and myocardial contraction. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with resting heart rate, response to beta-blockers<sup><xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref></sup>, and hypertension<sup><xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref></sup>. <italic>ADRB1</italic> knockout mice have no difference in heart rate or blood pressure compared with the wild type but do exhibit a significant reduction in the response of both phenotypes to catecholamines<sup><xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup>. SNP rs2782980 is associated with expression of an <italic>ADRB1</italic> transcript in brain tissue (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note and Supplementary Figure 4A</xref>). The second locus for MAP spans over 300kb at 3p21.31 with the top-ranking SNP (rs319690, <italic>P</italic>=2.7×10<sup>-8</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1f</xref>) lying within an intron of the microtubule associated protein 4 gene, <italic>MAP4</italic>. Coating of microtubules by MAP4 may inhibit beta adrenergic receptor recycling and number, as seen in cardiac hypertrophy and failure<sup><xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></sup>. <italic>MAP4</italic> was detectably expressed in human aortic samples (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note and Supplementary Figure 3</xref>).</p><p id="P10">The locus associated both with PP (SNP rs13002573, <italic>P</italic>=1.8×10<sup>-8</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1g</xref>) and MAP (rs1446468, <italic>P</italic>= 6.5×10<sup>-12</sup>, <xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Figure 1h</xref>) is in an intergenic region spanning ~280kb at 2q24.3. Although the two signals are ~50kb apart and statistically independent (r<sup>2</sup>=0.075), rs13002573 is highly correlated (r<sup>2</sup>=1 in HapMap CEU population, r<sup>2</sup>=0.87 in HapMap JPT+CHB) with rs16849225 which has recently been reported as showing association with SBP in a GWAS of 19,608 subjects of east Asian origin with follow-up in a further 30,765 individuals (combined result: <italic>P</italic>=3.5×10<sup>-11</sup>) <sup><xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> (see <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>). In our combined dataset in 116,998 Europeans, the association <italic>P</italic> value for rs13002573 with SBP was <italic>P</italic>=3.25×10<sup>-7</sup>. The top PP SNP lies ~320kb upstream of <italic>FIGN</italic> and ~430kb downstream of <italic>GRB14</italic> (growth factor receptor-bound protein 14). Relatively little is known regarding <italic>FIGN</italic> (fidgetin).</p><p id="P11">We report six novel loci associated with PP and MAP based on genome-wide discovery and follow-up in over ~120,000 individuals, and a further locus (near <italic>FIGN</italic>) not previously reported in Europeans. Our results expand knowledge of the genetic architecture of blood pressure and PP regulation and may give clues as to possible novel targets for blood pressure therapies.</p><sec id="S1"><title>Online Methods</title><p id="P12">Pulse pressure was defined as systolic minus diastolic pressure and MAP as 2/3 diastolic plus 1/3 systolic pressure. A two-staged analysis was used to discover genes associated with PP and MAP.</p><sec id="S2"><title>Stage 1 samples and analyses</title><p id="P13">Stage 1 was a meta-analysis of directly genotyped and imputed SNPs from population-based or control samples from case-control studies, in the International Consortium of Blood Pressure Genome-wide Association Studies (ICBP-GWAS). The characteristics of the 35 studies, including demographics, genotyping arrays, quality control filters and statistical analysis methods used are listed in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 1A and 1B</xref>. Imputation of allele dosage of ungenotyped SNPs in HapMap CEU v21a or v22 was carried out by each of the studies using MACH<sup><xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref></sup>, IMPUTE<sup><xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></sup> or BIMBAM<sup><xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref></sup> with parameters and pre-imputation filters as specified in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 1B</xref>. SNPs were excluded from analysis if the study-specific imputation quality (r2.hat in MACH or .info in IMPUTE) was <0.3. In total, up to 2652054 genotyped or imputed autosomal SNPs were analyzed. Full details of the models, methods, and corrections for antihypertensive treatment are provided in the <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary methods</xref>. All analyses assumed an additive genetic model and were adjusted for sex, age, age<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>, body mass index and ancestry principal components. In related individuals, regression methods that account for relatedness were applied. All study-specific effect estimates and coded alleles were oriented to the forward strand of the HapMap release 22 with the alphabetically higher allele as the coded allele. To capture loss of power due to imperfect imputation, we estimated “N effective” as the sum of the study-specific products of the imputation quality metric and the sample size. No filtering on minor allele frequency was done. Genomic control was carried out on study-level data and inverse variance weighting was used for meta-analysis of Stage 1. The meta-analysis results were subject to genomic control. Lambda estimates are given in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 1A</xref>.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Selection of SNPs for Stage 2</title><p id="P14">We aimed in Stage 2 to follow up SNPs which had evidence of association with PP or MAP and, for completeness, to evaluate the effects on PP and MAP of SNPs reported in recent large genome-wide association studies of SBP and DBP<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. All SNPs with <italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>-5</sup> for association with either PP or MAP (or both) were divided into independent regions based on LD and the most significant SNP was selected from each region. Within the <italic>FIGN</italic> region, different SNPs were associated with PP and with MAP and both SNPs were followed up in Stage 2. For SNPs with an N effective <75% of total N, a proxy was also included if it had <italic>P</italic> <1×10<sup>-5</sup> and an r<sup>2</sup>>0.6 with the top SNP (this occurred for one SNP). For all regions that had previously shown association with SBP or DBP<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>, the sentinel SNP for PP and MAP and the previously reported SNP for SBP and DBP were followed up. In all, 99 SNPs were followed up in Stage 2 (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>), comprising: 44 SNPs from 22 loci with PP or MAP associations (<italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>-5</sup>) in Stage 1 data and with previously reported SBP or DBP associations; 47 SNPs from 45 loci with PP or MAP associations (<italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>-5</sup>) in Stage 1 data only and; 8 SNPs from 7 loci with previously reported SBP or DBP associations and no association (<italic>P</italic><1×10<sup>-5</sup>) with PP or MAP in the Stage 1 data.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Stage 2</title><p id="P15">The characteristics of the Stage 2 studies, including the genotyping and imputation approaches, are described in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 1A and 1B</xref> and the details of corrections for treatment described in the <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>. For the 99 SNPs selected for follow-up, the Stage 2 studies followed the analysis approach adopted in the Stage 1 analyses. Meta-analysis was done using the inverse variance weights method.</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>Pooled analysis of first and second stage samples</title><p id="P16">Meta-analysis from stages 1 and 2 was conducted using inverse variance weighting and genomic control applied. A threshold of 5×10<sup>-8</sup> was taken for genome-wide significance.</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Calculation of risk scores</title><p id="P17">We calculated risk scores based on the most significantly associated SNP from all regions which were genome-wide significant after meta-analysis of Stages 1 and 2 for i) PP (10 SNPs) and ii) MAP (22 SNPs) (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2F</xref>). Each risk score was constructed using an approach described in the <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref> and was tested for association with hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, microalbuminuria, and with continuous traits left ventricular mass, left ventricular wall thickness, pulse wave velocity, serum creatinine, eGFR and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (<xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 3</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Additional analyses</title><p id="P18">Identification of potentially functional SNPs in LD with the reported sentinel SNPs, eQTL analyses and expression analyses in human aortic samples were also carried out as discussed in the <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note and Supplementary Figures 3 and 4</xref>.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="S8"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS316759-supplement-1.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e3632" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack id="S9"><p>A number of the participating studies and authors are members of the CHARGE and Global BPgen consortia. Many funding mechanisms by NIH/NHLBI, European, and private funding agencies contributed to this work and a full list is provided in the <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Note</xref>.</p></ack><fn-group><fn id="FN4" fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Financial Interests</bold></p><p>A.C. is managed by Johns Hopkins Medicine. I.B. and spouse own stock in Incyte Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline. A.N.P is an employee of Amgen. G.F.M. is owner of Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, a company that designs and manufactures devices that measure vascular stiffness. The company uses these devices in clinical studies that evaluate the effects of diseases and interventions on vascular stiffness. V.M. is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline plc. A.Plump is an employee of Merck and Co, Inc.</p></fn></fn-group><app-group><app id="APP1"><title>Contributions</title><p id="P19"><bold>ICBP-GWAS PP/MAP Working and Writing Sub-Group (alphabetical order)</bold> M.J.C., P.E. (co-chair), T.J., P.B.M., P.F.O’R., M.D.T. (co-chair), C.M.V. (co-chair), G.C.V., L.V.W. <bold>ICBP-GWAS Steering Committee (alphabetical order)</bold> G.R.A., M.Bochud, M.Boehnke, MJ.C. (co-chair), A.C., G.B.E., P.E., T.B.H., M-R.J, A.D.J., T.J., M.G.L., L.L., D.L. (co-chair), P.B.M.(co-chair), C.N-C. (co-chair), B.M.P., K.M.R., A.V.S., M.D.T., C.M.V, G.C. V. <bold>Analysis</bold> L.V.W., G.C.V., P.F.O’R., T.J. <bold>Expression analyses</bold> V.E., P.H., A.D.J., D.L., J.H.L., C.P.N, A.Plump, P.A.C ’t H., K.W.V. <bold>Cohort contributions (alphabetical order): <italic>Study concept/design</italic></bold>: AGES: T.A., V.G., T.B.H., L.L., A.V.S., AortaGen Consortium: G.F.M., ARIC: E.B., A.C., S.K.G., ASPS: H.Schmidt, R.S., BLSA: L.F., B58C-T1DGC: D.P.S., B58C-WTCCC: D.P.S., BHS: L.J.P., CardioGram Consortium: N.J.S., C4D Consortium: R.Clarke, R.Collins, CHS: J.C.B., N.L.G., B.M.P., K.M.R., K.D.T., CHARGE Consortium Heart Failure Working Group: N.L.S., CoLaus: V.M., P.Vollenweider, G.Waeber, CROATIA-Korcula: C.H., CROATIA-Split: M.Boban, I.R., CROATIA-Vis: A.F.W., DeCode Genetics: H.H., K.S., G.T., U.T., DGI controls: D.A., L.G., C.N-C., ENGAGE: J.E., I.R.K., EGCUT: H.A., A.M., EPIC: K-T.K., ERF: B.A.O., Fenland: N.J.W., FUSION: M.Boehnke, F.S.C., R.N.B., J.T., INGI CARL: A.P.d’A., P.Gasparini, INGI-FVG: A.P.d’A., P.Gasparini, INCHIANTI: S.Bandinelli., Y.M., KORA S3: C.G., M.Laan, E.O., KORA F4: T.M, H-E.W., LifeLines: R.P.S., M.M.V., LOLIPOP: J.C.C., P.E., J.S.K., LBC1921/LBC1936: I.J.D., J.M.S., MICROS: A.Pfeufer, MESA: X.G., W.P., MIGen controls: O.M., C.J.O., V.S., D.Siscovick, NESDA: B.W.P., H.Snieder, NEURO-CHARGE Consortium: M.Breteler M.Fornage, NFBC1966: M-R.J, P.Z, NSPHS: U.B.G., S.E.H., NTR: D.I.B., E. J.C. deG., ORCADES: H.C., J.F.W., PROCARDIS controls: M.Farrall, A.Hamsten, J.F.P., H.W., PROSPER/PHASE: B.B., J.W.J., D.Stott, RSI/RSII/RSIII: A.Hofman, C. M.V., J.C.M.W., SardiNIA: G.A., M.U., SHIP: M.D., H.K.K., R.R., U.V., H.V., SUVIMAX: P.Gilan, S.Hercberg, P.M., TwinsUK: T.D.S., WGHS: P.M.R., YFS: M.K., T.L., O.T.R., J.V. <bold><italic>Phenotype data acquisition/QC</italic>: AGES:</bold> T.A., V.G., T.B.H., L.L., ARIC: A.C., S.K.G., A.C.M, D.C.R., ASPS: M.Loitfelder, R.S., BLSA: S.N., B58C-T1DGC: D.P.S., B58C-WTCCC: D.P.S., BHS: J.P.B., J.H., C4D Consortium: R.Clarke, R.Collins, J.C.H., CHS: B.M.P., CoLaus: M.Bochud, V.M., P.Vollenweider, CROATIA-Korcula: C.H., O.P., CROATIA-Split: M.Boban, I.R., DGI controls: L.G., C.N-C., EGCUT: H.A., A.K., A.M., M-L.T., EPIC: N.J.W., Fenland: N.J.W., FHS: S.-J.H., M.G.L., D.L., R.S.V., T.J.W., FUSION: J.T., INGI CARL: A.F., F.F., P.Gasparini, S.U., INGI FVG: A.F., F.F., P.Gasparini, S.U., INGI-Val Borbera: C.Masciullo, C.S., D.T., INCHIANTI: A.M.C., KORA S3: C.G., KORA F4: A.D., LifeLines: M.M.V., LOLIPOP: J.C.C., J.S.K., J.S., LBC1921/LBC1936: I.J.D., L.M.L., J.M.S., MICROS: M.Facheris, A.Pfeufer, MESA: X.G., W.P., MIGen controls: G.L., O.M., C.J.O., V.S., D.Siscovick, NESDA: : X.Lu, I.M.N., B.W.P., H.Snieder, NEURO-CHARGE Consortium: M.Breteler, S.D., A.L.D., M.Fornage, NFBC1966: P.E., M-R.J., J.Laitinen, A.Pouta, P.Z., NSPHS: J.A.C., U.B.G., S.E.H., P.J.T., NTR: D.I.B., E.J.C.deG., G.Willemsen, ORCADES: S.H.W., J.F.W., PROCARDIS controls: J.F.P., PROSPER/PHASE: D.Stott, S.T., RSI/RSII/RSIII: F.U.S.M.R., E.J.G.S., C.M.V., G.C.V., J.C.M.W., SardiNIA: M.O., M.U., SHIP: M.D., R.R., H.V., SUVIMAX: P.Gilan, M.Lathrop, TwinsUK: T.D.S., WGHS: D.I.C., A.N.P., YFS: M.K., T.L., O.T.R., J.V. <bold><italic>Genotype data acquisition/QC</italic></bold>: AGES: A.V.S., ARIC: A.C., G.B.E., S.K.G., A.C.M., D.C.R, G.S., ASPS: P.Gider, H. 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publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Servin</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Stephens</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Imputation-based analysis of association studies: candidate regions and quantitative traits</article-title><source>PLoS Genet</source><volume>3</volume><fpage>e114</fpage><year>2007</year><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17676998</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Regional association plots of the 8 SNPs at 7 loci showing genome-wide significant association (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>) with pulse pressure and/or mean arterial pressure. Statistical significance of each SNP shown on the –log<sub>10</sub> scale as a function of chromosome position (NCBI build 36) in the meta-analysis of stage 1 only. The sentinel SNP at each locus is shown in blue; the correlations (r<sup>2</sup>) of each of the surrounding SNPs to the sentinel SNP are shown in the colours indicated in the key. Fine –scale recombination rate is shown in blue. Gene positions are indicated at the bottom.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1a"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1b"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1c"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1d"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1e"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1f"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1g"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f1h"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) effect sizes (beta coefficients) for all BP SNPs identified in the present study and Ehret et al.<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup>, obtained from follow-up samples only. Beta coefficients are shown as standard deviation (s.d.) differences so that SBP and DBP are measured on comparable scales. Points are colour-coded according to whether they are genome-wide significant (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>) for Pulse Pressure (PP) (red), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (blue) or both PP and MAP (purple) in stages 1 and 2 of the present study, while those that are significant only for SBP and/or DBP from Ehret et al.<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> are shown in black. The novel SNPs found in the present study are labelled with their rs-numbers. For illustration purposes the effect allele for each SNP is defined such that the direction of the SBP effect is always positive.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms316759f2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of Pulse Pressure (PP) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) association results from Stages 1 and 2 and the combined analysis for all SNPs that showed genome-wide significant (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>) association with PP and/or MAP on combined analysis and which had not previously been reported for Systolic (SBP) or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP). SBP and DBP combined Stage 1 and Stage 2 association results, based on the same sample set as for PP and MAP are also shown (full SBP and DBP results are in <xref rid="SD2" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 2D and 2E</xref>). Genome-wide significant associations (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>-8</sup>) are shown in bold.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coded allele & freq</th><th align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1">Stage 1</th><th align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1">Stage 2</th><th align="center" colspan="3" valign="bottom" rowspan="1">Stage 1+ 2</th><th align="center" colspan="2" valign="bottom" rowspan="1">SBP Stage 1+2</th><th align="center" colspan="2" valign="bottom" rowspan="1">DBP Stage 1+2</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N eff</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta (Se)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N eff</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta (Se)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N eff</th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta (Se)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta (Se)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th><th align="right" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta (Se)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Pulse Pressure</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs13002573 near <italic>FIGN</italic> chr2: 164623454</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G 0.203</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73043</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.320 (0.07)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.43×10<sup>-6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43955</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.296 (0.089)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.58×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116998</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.310 (0.055)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.76×10<sup>-8</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.416 (0.081)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.25×10<sup>-7</sup></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.107 (0.052)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.02×20<sup>-2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs871606 near <italic>CHIC2</italic> chr4: 54494002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71444</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.428 (0.096)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.28×10<sup>-06</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44082</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.431 (0.121)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.75×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115525</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.429 (0.075)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.32×10<sup>-8</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.403 (0.112)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.010 (0.072)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.85×10<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs17477177 near <italic>PIK3CG</italic> chr7: 106199094</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.717</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72997</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.460 (0.071)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.19×10<sup>-10</sup></bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39999</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.344 (0.094)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.72×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112996</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.418 (0.057)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.27×10<sup>-13</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.552 (0.084)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5.67×10<sup>-11</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.081 (0.055)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40×10<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2071518 <italic>NOV</italic> (3’ UTR) chr8: 120504993</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.167</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73252</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.304 (0.067)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.72×10<sup>-6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45804</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.323 (0.086)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.60×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119056</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.312 (0.053)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.66×10<sup>-9</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.181 (0.078)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.08×10<sup>-2</sup></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.145 (0.050)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.89×10<sup>-3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11222084 near <italic>ADAMTS-8</italic> chr11: 129778440</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.375</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67704</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.415 (0.064)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8.45×10<sup>-11</sup></bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40391</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.211 (0.081)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.17×10<sup>-3</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108095</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.337 (0.05)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.90×10<sup>-11</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.263 (.074)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.00×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.101 (0.048)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.44×10<sup>-2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mean Arterial Pressure</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs1446468 near <italic>FIGN</italic> chr2: 164671732</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.534</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69264</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.291 (0.061)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.68×10<sup>-6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39650</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.418 (0.082)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.80×10<sup>-7</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108914</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.336 (0.049)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6.46×10<sup>-12</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.499 (0.071)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.82×10<sup>-12</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.265 (0.046)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6.88×10<sup>-9</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs319690 <italic>MAP4</italic> (intron) chr3: 47902488</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59137</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.306 (0.066)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.88×10<sup>-6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34359</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.280 (0.09)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.89×10<sup>-3</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93496</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.297 (0.053)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.69×10<sup>-8</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.423 (0.077)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4.74×10<sup>-8</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.282 (0.05)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.84×10<sup>-8</sup></bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2782980 near <italic>ADRB1</italic> chr10: 115771517</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T 0.198</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61284</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.345 (0.071)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14×10<sup>-6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37788</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.326 (0.094)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.55×10<sup>-4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99072</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.338 (0.057)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.46×10<sup>-9</sup></bold></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.406 (0.082)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.66×10<sup>-7</sup></td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.283 (0.053)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.60×10<sup>-8</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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