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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk</title><author><name sortKey="Dupuis, Josee" sort="Dupuis, Josee" uniqKey="Dupuis J" first="Josée" last="Dupuis">Josée Dupuis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Richa" sort="Saxena, Richa" uniqKey="Saxena R" first="Richa" last="Saxena">Richa Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soranzo, Nicole" sort="Soranzo, Nicole" uniqKey="Soranzo N" first="Nicole" last="Soranzo">Nicole Soranzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glazer, Nicole L" sort="Glazer, Nicole L" uniqKey="Glazer N" first="Nicole L" last="Glazer">Nicole L. Glazer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" sort="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" uniqKey="Bouatia Naji N" first="Nabila" last="Bouatia-Naji">Nabila Bouatia-Naji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloyn, Anna L" sort="Gloyn, Anna L" uniqKey="Gloyn A" first="Anna L" last="Gloyn">Anna L. Gloyn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randall, Joshua" sort="Randall, Joshua" uniqKey="Randall J" first="Joshua" last="Randall">Joshua Randall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rybin, Denis" sort="Rybin, Denis" uniqKey="Rybin D" first="Denis" last="Rybin">Denis Rybin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henneman, Peter" sort="Henneman, Peter" uniqKey="Henneman P" first="Peter" last="Henneman">Peter Henneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Christopher S" sort="Franklin, Christopher S" uniqKey="Franklin C" first="Christopher S" last="Franklin">Christopher S. Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, John R B" sort="Perry, John R B" uniqKey="Perry J" first="John R B" last="Perry">John R B. Perry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egan, Josephine M" sort="Egan, Josephine M" uniqKey="Egan J" first="Josephine M" last="Egan">Josephine M. Egan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lajunen, Taina" sort="Lajunen, Taina" uniqKey="Lajunen T" first="Taina" last="Lajunen">Taina Lajunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Unit for Child and Adolescent Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spars, Thomas" sort="Spars, Thomas" uniqKey="Spars T" first="Thomas" last="Spars">Thomas Spars</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex" sort="Doney, Alex" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex" last="Doney">Alex Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Man" sort="Li, Man" uniqKey="Li M" first="Man" last="Li">Man Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shrader, Peter" sort="Shrader, Peter" uniqKey="Shrader P" first="Peter" last="Shrader">Peter Shrader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalcanti Proenca, Christine" sort="Cavalcanti Proenca, Christine" uniqKey="Cavalcanti Proenca C" first="Christine" last="Cavalcanti-Proença">Christine Cavalcanti-Proença</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J" last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zabena, Carina" sort="Zabena, Carina" uniqKey="Zabena C" first="Carina" last="Zabena">Carina Zabena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rocheleau, Ghislain" sort="Rocheleau, Ghislain" uniqKey="Rocheleau G" first="Ghislain" last="Rocheleau">Ghislain Rocheleau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="An, Ping" sort="An, Ping" uniqKey="An P" first="Ping" last="An">Ping An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Amanda" sort="Elliott, Amanda" uniqKey="Elliott A" first="Amanda" last="Elliott">Amanda Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarroll, Steven A" sort="Mccarroll, Steven A" uniqKey="Mccarroll S" first="Steven A" last="Mccarroll">Steven A. Mccarroll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, Felicity" sort="Payne, Felicity" uniqKey="Payne F" first="Felicity" last="Payne">Felicity Payne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roccasecca, Rosa Maria" sort="Roccasecca, Rosa Maria" uniqKey="Roccasecca R" first="Rosa Maria" last="Roccasecca">Rosa Maria Roccasecca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pattou, Francois" sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">INSERM U859, Universite de Lille-Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sethupathy, Praveen" sort="Sethupathy, Praveen" uniqKey="Sethupathy P" first="Praveen" last="Sethupathy">Praveen Sethupathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ardlie, Kristin" sort="Ardlie, Kristin" uniqKey="Ardlie K" first="Kristin" last="Ardlie">Kristin Ardlie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ariyurek, Yavuz" sort="Ariyurek, Yavuz" uniqKey="Ariyurek Y" first="Yavuz" last="Ariyurek">Yavuz Ariyurek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">INSERM U780-IFR69, Paris Sud University, F-94807 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barter, Philip" sort="Barter, Philip" uniqKey="Barter P" first="Philip" last="Barter">Philip Barter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" sort="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" uniqKey="Ben Shlomo Y" first="Yoav" last="Ben-Shlomo">Yoav Ben-Shlomo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benediktsson, Rafn" sort="Benediktsson, Rafn" uniqKey="Benediktsson R" first="Rafn" last="Benediktsson">Rafn Benediktsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Amanda J" sort="Bennett, Amanda J" uniqKey="Bennett A" first="Amanda J" last="Bennett">Amanda J. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borch Johnsen, Knut" sort="Borch Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Borch Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Borch-Johnsen">Knut Borch-Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Steno Diabetes Center, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottcher, Yvonne" sort="Bottcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Bottcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Böttcher">Yvonne Böttcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner, Eric" sort="Brunner, Eric" uniqKey="Brunner E" first="Eric" last="Brunner">Eric Brunner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bumpstead, Suzannah J" sort="Bumpstead, Suzannah J" uniqKey="Bumpstead S" first="Suzannah J" last="Bumpstead">Suzannah J. Bumpstead</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charpentier, Guillaume" sort="Charpentier, Guillaume" uniqKey="Charpentier G" first="Guillaume" last="Charpentier">Guillaume Charpentier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Endocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital, Essonnes, F-91108 France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter" sort="Chines, Peter" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter" last="Chines">Peter Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coin, Lachlan J M" sort="Coin, Lachlan J M" uniqKey="Coin L" first="Lachlan J M" last="Coin">Lachlan J M. Coin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Matthew N" sort="Cooper, Matthew N" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Matthew N" last="Cooper">Matthew N. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelis, Marilyn" sort="Cornelis, Marilyn" uniqKey="Cornelis M" first="Marilyn" last="Cornelis">Marilyn Cornelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Gabe" sort="Crawford, Gabe" uniqKey="Crawford G" first="Gabe" last="Crawford">Gabe Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crisponi, Laura" sort="Crisponi, Laura" uniqKey="Crisponi L" first="Laura" last="Crisponi">Laura Crisponi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Ian N M" sort="Day, Ian N M" uniqKey="Day I" first="Ian N M" last="Day">Ian N M. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco" sort="De Geus, Eco" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco" last="De Geus">Eco De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delplanque, Jerome" sort="Delplanque, Jerome" uniqKey="Delplanque J" first="Jerome" last="Delplanque">Jerome Delplanque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dina, Christian" sort="Dina, Christian" uniqKey="Dina C" first="Christian" last="Dina">Christian Dina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdos, Michael R" sort="Erdos, Michael R" uniqKey="Erdos M" first="Michael R" last="Erdos">Michael R. Erdos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedson, Annette C" sort="Fedson, Annette C" uniqKey="Fedson A" first="Annette C" last="Fedson">Annette C. Fedson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer Rosinsky, Antje" sort="Fischer Rosinsky, Antje" uniqKey="Fischer Rosinsky A" first="Antje" last="Fischer-Rosinsky">Antje Fischer-Rosinsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S" last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frants, Rune" sort="Frants, Rune" uniqKey="Frants R" first="Rune" last="Frants">Rune Frants</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franzosi, Maria Grazia" sort="Franzosi, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Franzosi M" first="Maria Grazia" last="Franzosi">Maria Grazia Franzosi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galan, Pilar" sort="Galan, Pilar" uniqKey="Galan P" first="Pilar" last="Galan">Pilar Galan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodarzi, Mark O" sort="Goodarzi, Mark O" uniqKey="Goodarzi M" first="Mark O" last="Goodarzi">Mark O. Goodarzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graessler, Jurgen" sort="Graessler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Graessler J" first="Jürgen" last="Graessler">Jürgen Graessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J" last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grundy, Scott" sort="Grundy, Scott" uniqKey="Grundy S" first="Scott" last="Grundy">Scott Grundy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gwilliam, Rhian" sort="Gwilliam, Rhian" uniqKey="Gwilliam R" first="Rhian" last="Gwilliam">Rhian Gwilliam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjadj, Samy" sort="Hadjadj, Samy" uniqKey="Hadjadj S" first="Samy" last="Hadjadj">Samy Hadjadj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">CHU de Poitiers, Endocrinologie Diabetologie, CIC INSERM 0802, INSERM U927, Université de Poitiers, UFR, Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Naomi" sort="Hammond, Naomi" uniqKey="Hammond N" first="Naomi" last="Hammond">Naomi Hammond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Xijing" sort="Han, Xijing" uniqKey="Han X" first="Xijing" last="Han">Xijing Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanali, Neelam" sort="Hassanali, Neelam" uniqKey="Hassanali N" first="Neelam" last="Hassanali">Neelam Hassanali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Simon C" sort="Heath, Simon C" uniqKey="Heath S" first="Simon C" last="Heath">Simon C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillman, David R" sort="Hillman, David R" uniqKey="Hillman D" first="David R" last="Hillman">David R. Hillman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon D" sort="Hingorani, Aroon D" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon D" last="Hingorani">Aroon D. Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Joe" sort="Hung, Joe" uniqKey="Hung J" first="Joe" last="Hung">Joe Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Heart Institute of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isomaa, Bo" sort="Isomaa, Bo" uniqKey="Isomaa B" first="Bo" last="Isomaa">Bo Isomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Malmska Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital, Jakobstad, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Paul R V" sort="Johnson, Paul R V" uniqKey="Johnson P" first="Paul R V" last="Johnson">Paul R V. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Population Studies, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kesaniemi, Y Antero" sort="Kesaniemi, Y Antero" uniqKey="Kesaniemi Y" first="Y Antero" last="Kesaniemi">Y Antero Kesaniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Beatrice" sort="Knight, Beatrice" uniqKey="Knight B" first="Beatrice" last="Knight">Beatrice Knight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten Ohm" last="Kyvik">Kirsten Ohm Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, G Mark" sort="Lathrop, G Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop G" first="G Mark" last="Lathrop">G Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawlor, Debbie A" sort="Lawlor, Debbie A" uniqKey="Lawlor D" first="Debbie A" last="Lawlor">Debbie A. Lawlor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bacquer, Olivier" sort="Le Bacquer, Olivier" uniqKey="Le Bacquer O" first="Olivier" last="Le Bacquer">Olivier Le Bacquer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lecoeur, Cecile" sort="Lecoeur, Cecile" uniqKey="Lecoeur C" first="Cécile" last="Lecoeur">Cécile Lecoeur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yun" sort="Li, Yun" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yun" last="Li">Yun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert" sort="Mahley, Robert" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert" last="Mahley">Robert Mahley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Alisa K" sort="Manning, Alisa K" uniqKey="Manning A" first="Alisa K" last="Manning">Alisa K. Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa" sort="Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Martinez Larrad M" first="María Teresa" last="Martínez-Larrad">María Teresa Martínez-Larrad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcateer, Jarred B" sort="Mcateer, Jarred B" uniqKey="Mcateer J" first="Jarred B" last="Mcateer">Jarred B. Mcateer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcculloch, Laura J" sort="Mcculloch, Laura J" uniqKey="Mcculloch L" first="Laura J" last="Mcculloch">Laura J. Mcculloch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcpherson, Ruth" sort="Mcpherson, Ruth" uniqKey="Mcpherson R" first="Ruth" last="Mcpherson">Ruth Mcpherson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meisinger, Christa" sort="Meisinger, Christa" uniqKey="Meisinger C" first="Christa" last="Meisinger">Christa Meisinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melzer, David" sort="Melzer, David" uniqKey="Melzer D" first="David" last="Melzer">David Melzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyre, David" sort="Meyre, David" uniqKey="Meyre D" first="David" last="Meyre">David Meyre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D" last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morken, Mario A" sort="Morken, Mario A" uniqKey="Morken M" first="Mario A" last="Morken">Mario A. Morken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Sutapa" sort="Mukherjee, Sutapa" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Sutapa" last="Mukherjee">Sutapa Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naitza, Silvia" sort="Naitza, Silvia" uniqKey="Naitza S" first="Silvia" last="Naitza">Silvia Naitza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neville, Matthew J" sort="Neville, Matthew J" uniqKey="Neville M" first="Matthew J" last="Neville">Matthew J. Neville</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, Marco" sort="Orru, Marco" uniqKey="Orru M" first="Marco" last="Orrù">Marco Orrù</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakyz, Ruth" sort="Pakyz, Ruth" uniqKey="Pakyz R" first="Ruth" last="Pakyz">Ruth Pakyz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N A" last="Palmer">Colin N A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paolisso, Giuseppe" sort="Paolisso, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Paolisso G" first="Giuseppe" last="Paolisso">Giuseppe Paolisso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pattaro, Cristian" sort="Pattaro, Cristian" uniqKey="Pattaro C" first="Cristian" last="Pattaro">Cristian Pattaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, Daniel" sort="Pearson, Daniel" uniqKey="Pearson D" first="Daniel" last="Pearson">Daniel Pearson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, Andreas F H" sort="Pfeiffer, Andreas F H" uniqKey="Pfeiffer A" first="Andreas F H" last="Pfeiffer">Andreas F H. Pfeiffer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posthuma, Danielle" sort="Posthuma, Danielle" uniqKey="Posthuma D" first="Danielle" last="Posthuma">Danielle Posthuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potter, Simon C" sort="Potter, Simon C" uniqKey="Potter S" first="Simon C" last="Potter">Simon C. Potter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Province, Michael A" sort="Province, Michael A" uniqKey="Province M" first="Michael A" last="Province">Michael A. Province</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathmann, Wolfgang" sort="Rathmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Rathmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Rathmann">Wolfgang Rathmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth" sort="Rice, Kenneth" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth" last="Rice">Kenneth Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roden, Michael" sort="Roden, Michael" uniqKey="Roden M" first="Michael" last="Roden">Michael Roden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Department of Medicine/Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolandsson, Olov" sort="Rolandsson, Olov" uniqKey="Rolandsson O" first="Olov" last="Rolandsson">Olov Rolandsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandbaek, Annelli" sort="Sandbaek, Annelli" uniqKey="Sandbaek A" first="Annelli" last="Sandbaek">Annelli Sandbaek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">School of Public Health, Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, Manjinder" sort="Sandhu, Manjinder" uniqKey="Sandhu M" first="Manjinder" last="Sandhu">Manjinder Sandhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayer, Avan Aihie" sort="Sayer, Avan Aihie" uniqKey="Sayer A" first="Avan Aihie" last="Sayer">Avan Aihie Sayer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheet, Paul" sort="Scheet, Paul" uniqKey="Scheet P" first="Paul" last="Scheet">Paul Scheet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Laura J" sort="Scott, Laura J" uniqKey="Scott L" first="Laura J" last="Scott">Laura J. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedorf, Udo" sort="Seedorf, Udo" uniqKey="Seedorf U" first="Udo" last="Seedorf">Udo Seedorf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster,Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, Stephen J" sort="Sharp, Stephen J" uniqKey="Sharp S" first="Stephen J" last="Sharp">Stephen J. Sharp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Beverley" sort="Shields, Beverley" uniqKey="Shields B" first="Beverley" last="Shields">Beverley Shields</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sigur Sson, Gunnar" sort="Sigur Sson, Gunnar" uniqKey="Sigur Sson G" first="Gunnar" last="Sigur Sson">Gunnar Sigur Sson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sijbrands, Erik J G" sort="Sijbrands, Erik J G" uniqKey="Sijbrands E" first="Erik J G" last="Sijbrands">Erik J G. Sijbrands</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silveira, Angela" sort="Silveira, Angela" uniqKey="Silveira A" first="Angela" last="Silveira">Angela Silveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Laila" sort="Simpson, Laila" uniqKey="Simpson L" first="Laila" last="Simpson">Laila Simpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew" sort="Singleton, Andrew" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew" last="Singleton">Andrew Singleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Nicholas L" sort="Smith, Nicholas L" uniqKey="Smith N" first="Nicholas L" last="Smith">Nicholas L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sovio, Ulla" sort="Sovio, Ulla" uniqKey="Sovio U" first="Ulla" last="Sovio">Ulla Sovio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy" sort="Swift, Amy" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy" last="Swift">Amy Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syddall, Holly" sort="Syddall, Holly" uniqKey="Syddall H" first="Holly" last="Syddall">Holly Syddall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tichet, Jean" sort="Tichet, Jean" uniqKey="Tichet J" first="Jean" last="Tichet">Jean Tichet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Institut interrégional pour la santé (IRSA), F-37521 La Riche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomi, Tiinamaija" sort="Tuomi, Tiinamaija" uniqKey="Tuomi T" first="Tiinamaija" last="Tuomi">Tiinamaija Tuomi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G" last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" sort="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" uniqKey="Van Dijk K" first="Ko Willems" last="Van Dijk">Ko Willems Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Hoek, Mandy" sort="Van Hoek, Mandy" uniqKey="Van Hoek M" first="Mandy" last="Van Hoek">Mandy Van Hoek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varma, Dhiraj" sort="Varma, Dhiraj" uniqKey="Varma D" first="Dhiraj" last="Varma">Dhiraj Varma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visvikis Siest, Sophie" sort="Visvikis Siest, Sophie" uniqKey="Visvikis Siest S" first="Sophie" last="Visvikis-Siest">Sophie Visvikis-Siest</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Research Unit, Cardiovascular Genetics, Nancy University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogelzangs, Nicole" sort="Vogelzangs, Nicole" uniqKey="Vogelzangs N" first="Nicole" last="Vogelzangs">Nicole Vogelzangs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Peter J" sort="Wagner, Peter J" uniqKey="Wagner P" first="Peter J" last="Wagner">Peter J. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walley, Andrew" sort="Walley, Andrew" uniqKey="Walley A" first="Andrew" last="Walley">Andrew Walley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, G Bragi" sort="Walters, G Bragi" uniqKey="Walters G" first="G Bragi" last="Walters">G Bragi Walters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, Kim L" sort="Ward, Kim L" uniqKey="Ward K" first="Kim L" last="Ward">Kim L. Ward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weedon, Michael N" sort="Weedon, Michael N" uniqKey="Weedon M" first="Michael N" last="Weedon">Michael N. Weedon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witteman, Jaqueline C M" sort="Witteman, Jaqueline C M" uniqKey="Witteman J" first="Jaqueline C M" last="Witteman">Jaqueline C M. Witteman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarnell, John W G" sort="Yarnell, John W G" uniqKey="Yarnell J" first="John W G" last="Yarnell">John W G. Yarnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Epidemiology & Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggini, Eleftheria" sort="Zeggini, Eleftheria" uniqKey="Zeggini E" first="Eleftheria" last="Zeggini">Eleftheria Zeggini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zelenika, Diana" sort="Zelenika, Diana" uniqKey="Zelenika D" first="Diana" last="Zelenika">Diana Zelenika</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zethelius, Bjorn" sort="Zethelius, Bjorn" uniqKey="Zethelius B" first="Björn" last="Zethelius">Björn Zethelius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Guangju" sort="Zhai, Guangju" uniqKey="Zhai G" first="Guangju" last="Zhai">Guangju Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M Carola" last="Zillikens">M Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J F" last="Loos">Ruth J F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K E" last="Magnusson">Patrik K E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nathan, David M" sort="Nathan, David M" uniqKey="Nathan D" first="David M" last="Nathan">David M. Nathan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Gordon H" sort="Williams, Gordon H" uniqKey="Williams G" first="Gordon H" last="Williams">Gordon H. Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T" last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silander, Kaisa" sort="Silander, Kaisa" uniqKey="Silander K" first="Kaisa" last="Silander">Kaisa Silander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter" sort="Schwarz, Peter" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter" last="Schwarz">Peter Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spranger, Joachim" sort="Spranger, Joachim" uniqKey="Spranger J" first="Joachim" last="Spranger">Joachim Spranger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpe, Fredrik" sort="Karpe, Fredrik" uniqKey="Karpe F" first="Fredrik" last="Karpe">Fredrik Karpe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Cyrus" sort="Cooper, Cyrus" uniqKey="Cooper C" first="Cyrus" last="Cooper">Cyrus Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George V" sort="Dedoussis, George V" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George V" last="Dedoussis">George V. Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serrano Rios, Manuel" sort="Serrano Rios, Manuel" uniqKey="Serrano Rios M" first="Manuel" last="Serrano-Ríos">Manuel Serrano-Ríos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Frank B" sort="Hu, Frank B" uniqKey="Hu F" first="Frank B." last="Hu">Frank B. Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebrahim, Shah" sort="Ebrahim, Shah" uniqKey="Ebrahim S" first="Shah" last="Ebrahim">Shah Ebrahim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marmot, Michael" sort="Marmot, Michael" uniqKey="Marmot M" first="Michael" last="Marmot">Michael Marmot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, W H Linda" sort="Kao, W H Linda" uniqKey="Kao W" first="W H Linda" last="Kao">W H Linda Kao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S" last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampson, Michael J" sort="Sampson, Michael J" uniqKey="Sampson M" first="Michael J" last="Sampson">Michael J. Sampson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 7UY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter Paul" sort="Pramstaller, Peter Paul" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter Paul" last="Pramstaller">Peter Paul Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H Erich" last="Wichmann">H Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Gen-Info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchanan, Thomas A" sort="Buchanan, Thomas A" uniqKey="Buchanan T" first="Thomas A" last="Buchanan">Thomas A. Buchanan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valle, Timo T" sort="Valle, Timo T" uniqKey="Valle T" first="Timo T" last="Valle">Timo T. Valle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, David" sort="Altshuler, David" uniqKey="Altshuler D" first="David" last="Altshuler">David Altshuler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I" last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siscovick, David S" sort="Siscovick, David S" uniqKey="Siscovick D" first="David S" last="Siscovick">David S. Siscovick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W J H" sort="Penninx, Brenda W J H" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W J H" last="Penninx">Brenda W J H. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret" sort="Boomsma, Dorret" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret" last="Boomsma">Dorret Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Timothy D" sort="Spector, Timothy D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Timothy D" last="Spector">Timothy D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M" last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Augustine" sort="Kong, Augustine" uniqKey="Kong A" first="Augustine" last="Kong">Augustine Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aulchenko, Yurii S" sort="Aulchenko, Yurii S" uniqKey="Aulchenko Y" first="Yurii S" last="Aulchenko">Yurii S. Aulchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Antonio" sort="Cao, Antonio" uniqKey="Cao A" first="Antonio" last="Cao">Antonio Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scuteri, Angelo" sort="Scuteri, Angelo" uniqKey="Scuteri A" first="Angelo" last="Scuteri">Angelo Scuteri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uda, Manuela" sort="Uda, Manuela" uniqKey="Uda M" first="Manuela" last="Uda">Manuela Uda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokonen, Aimo" sort="Ruokonen, Aimo" uniqKey="Ruokonen A" first="Aimo" last="Ruokonen">Aimo Ruokonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">National Institute of Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, Fin-90101 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waterworth, Dawn M" sort="Waterworth, Dawn M" uniqKey="Waterworth D" first="Dawn M" last="Waterworth">Dawn M. Waterworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltonen, Leena" sort="Peltonen, Leena" uniqKey="Peltonen L" first="Leena" last="Peltonen">Leena Peltonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mooser, Vincent" sort="Mooser, Vincent" uniqKey="Mooser V" first="Vincent" last="Mooser">Vincent Mooser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sladek, Robert" sort="Sladek, Robert" uniqKey="Sladek R" first="Robert" last="Sladek">Robert Sladek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Richard M" sort="Watanabe, Richard M" uniqKey="Watanabe R" first="Richard M" last="Watanabe">Richard M. Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meigs, James B" sort="Meigs, James B" uniqKey="Meigs J" first="James B" last="Meigs">James B. Meigs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Florez, Jose C" sort="Florez, Jose C" uniqKey="Florez J" first="Jose C" last="Florez">Jose C. Florez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20081858</idno><idno type="pmc">3018764</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018764</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3018764</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.520</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D99</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D99</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk</title><author><name sortKey="Dupuis, Josee" sort="Dupuis, Josee" uniqKey="Dupuis J" first="Josée" last="Dupuis">Josée Dupuis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Richa" sort="Saxena, Richa" uniqKey="Saxena R" first="Richa" last="Saxena">Richa Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soranzo, Nicole" sort="Soranzo, Nicole" uniqKey="Soranzo N" first="Nicole" last="Soranzo">Nicole Soranzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U" last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Eleanor" sort="Wheeler, Eleanor" uniqKey="Wheeler E" first="Eleanor" last="Wheeler">Eleanor Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glazer, Nicole L" sort="Glazer, Nicole L" uniqKey="Glazer N" first="Nicole L" last="Glazer">Nicole L. Glazer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" sort="Bouatia Naji, Nabila" uniqKey="Bouatia Naji N" first="Nabila" last="Bouatia-Naji">Nabila Bouatia-Naji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloyn, Anna L" sort="Gloyn, Anna L" uniqKey="Gloyn A" first="Anna L" last="Gloyn">Anna L. Gloyn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M" last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew P" sort="Morris, Andrew P" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew P" last="Morris">Andrew P. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Randall, Joshua" sort="Randall, Joshua" uniqKey="Randall J" first="Joshua" last="Randall">Joshua Randall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Toby" sort="Johnson, Toby" uniqKey="Johnson T" first="Toby" last="Johnson">Toby Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Paul" sort="Elliott, Paul" uniqKey="Elliott P" first="Paul" last="Elliott">Paul Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rybin, Denis" sort="Rybin, Denis" uniqKey="Rybin D" first="Denis" last="Rybin">Denis Rybin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" sort="Thorleifsson, Gudmar" uniqKey="Thorleifsson G" first="Gudmar" last="Thorleifsson">Gudmar Thorleifsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" sort="Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur" uniqKey="Steinthorsdottir V" first="Valgerdur" last="Steinthorsdottir">Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henneman, Peter" sort="Henneman, Peter" uniqKey="Henneman P" first="Peter" last="Henneman">Peter Henneman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Christopher S" sort="Franklin, Christopher S" uniqKey="Franklin C" first="Christopher S" last="Franklin">Christopher S. Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kijoung" sort="Song, Kijoung" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kijoung" last="Song">Kijoung Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goel, Anuj" sort="Goel, Anuj" uniqKey="Goel A" first="Anuj" last="Goel">Anuj Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, John R B" sort="Perry, John R B" uniqKey="Perry J" first="John R B" last="Perry">John R B. Perry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egan, Josephine M" sort="Egan, Josephine M" uniqKey="Egan J" first="Josephine M" last="Egan">Josephine M. Egan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lajunen, Taina" sort="Lajunen, Taina" uniqKey="Lajunen T" first="Taina" last="Lajunen">Taina Lajunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Unit for Child and Adolescent Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spars, Thomas" sort="Spars, Thomas" uniqKey="Spars T" first="Thomas" last="Spars">Thomas Spars</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doney, Alex" sort="Doney, Alex" uniqKey="Doney A" first="Alex" last="Doney">Alex Doney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voight, Benjamin F" sort="Voight, Benjamin F" uniqKey="Voight B" first="Benjamin F" last="Voight">Benjamin F. Voight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M" last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Man" sort="Li, Man" uniqKey="Li M" first="Man" last="Li">Man Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanoni, Stavroula" sort="Kanoni, Stavroula" uniqKey="Kanoni S" first="Stavroula" last="Kanoni">Stavroula Kanoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shrader, Peter" sort="Shrader, Peter" uniqKey="Shrader P" first="Peter" last="Shrader">Peter Shrader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalcanti Proenca, Christine" sort="Cavalcanti Proenca, Christine" uniqKey="Cavalcanti Proenca C" first="Christine" last="Cavalcanti-Proença">Christine Cavalcanti-Proença</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timpson, Nicholas J" sort="Timpson, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Timpson N" first="Nicholas J" last="Timpson">Nicholas J. Timpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zabena, Carina" sort="Zabena, Carina" uniqKey="Zabena C" first="Carina" last="Zabena">Carina Zabena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rocheleau, Ghislain" sort="Rocheleau, Ghislain" uniqKey="Rocheleau G" first="Ghislain" last="Rocheleau">Ghislain Rocheleau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="An, Ping" sort="An, Ping" uniqKey="An P" first="Ping" last="An">Ping An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey" last="O Onnell">Jeffrey O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Amanda" sort="Elliott, Amanda" uniqKey="Elliott A" first="Amanda" last="Elliott">Amanda Elliott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarroll, Steven A" sort="Mccarroll, Steven A" uniqKey="Mccarroll S" first="Steven A" last="Mccarroll">Steven A. Mccarroll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, Felicity" sort="Payne, Felicity" uniqKey="Payne F" first="Felicity" last="Payne">Felicity Payne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roccasecca, Rosa Maria" sort="Roccasecca, Rosa Maria" uniqKey="Roccasecca R" first="Rosa Maria" last="Roccasecca">Rosa Maria Roccasecca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pattou, Francois" sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">INSERM U859, Universite de Lille-Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sethupathy, Praveen" sort="Sethupathy, Praveen" uniqKey="Sethupathy P" first="Praveen" last="Sethupathy">Praveen Sethupathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ardlie, Kristin" sort="Ardlie, Kristin" uniqKey="Ardlie K" first="Kristin" last="Ardlie">Kristin Ardlie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ariyurek, Yavuz" sort="Ariyurek, Yavuz" uniqKey="Ariyurek Y" first="Yavuz" last="Ariyurek">Yavuz Ariyurek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">INSERM U780-IFR69, Paris Sud University, F-94807 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barter, Philip" sort="Barter, Philip" uniqKey="Barter P" first="Philip" last="Barter">Philip Barter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John P" sort="Beilby, John P" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John P" last="Beilby">John P. Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" sort="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" uniqKey="Ben Shlomo Y" first="Yoav" last="Ben-Shlomo">Yoav Ben-Shlomo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benediktsson, Rafn" sort="Benediktsson, Rafn" uniqKey="Benediktsson R" first="Rafn" last="Benediktsson">Rafn Benediktsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Amanda J" sort="Bennett, Amanda J" uniqKey="Bennett A" first="Amanda J" last="Bennett">Amanda J. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L" last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borch Johnsen, Knut" sort="Borch Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Borch Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Borch-Johnsen">Knut Borch-Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Steno Diabetes Center, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottcher, Yvonne" sort="Bottcher, Yvonne" uniqKey="Bottcher Y" first="Yvonne" last="Böttcher">Yvonne Böttcher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner, Eric" sort="Brunner, Eric" uniqKey="Brunner E" first="Eric" last="Brunner">Eric Brunner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bumpstead, Suzannah J" sort="Bumpstead, Suzannah J" uniqKey="Bumpstead S" first="Suzannah J" last="Bumpstead">Suzannah J. Bumpstead</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charpentier, Guillaume" sort="Charpentier, Guillaume" uniqKey="Charpentier G" first="Guillaume" last="Charpentier">Guillaume Charpentier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Endocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital, Essonnes, F-91108 France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yii Der Ida" sort="Chen, Yii Der Ida" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yii-Der Ida" last="Chen">Yii-Der Ida Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter" sort="Chines, Peter" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter" last="Chines">Peter Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Robert" sort="Clarke, Robert" uniqKey="Clarke R" first="Robert" last="Clarke">Robert Clarke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coin, Lachlan J M" sort="Coin, Lachlan J M" uniqKey="Coin L" first="Lachlan J M" last="Coin">Lachlan J M. Coin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Matthew N" sort="Cooper, Matthew N" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Matthew N" last="Cooper">Matthew N. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelis, Marilyn" sort="Cornelis, Marilyn" uniqKey="Cornelis M" first="Marilyn" last="Cornelis">Marilyn Cornelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Gabe" sort="Crawford, Gabe" uniqKey="Crawford G" first="Gabe" last="Crawford">Gabe Crawford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crisponi, Laura" sort="Crisponi, Laura" uniqKey="Crisponi L" first="Laura" last="Crisponi">Laura Crisponi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Ian N M" sort="Day, Ian N M" uniqKey="Day I" first="Ian N M" last="Day">Ian N M. Day</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco" sort="De Geus, Eco" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco" last="De Geus">Eco De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delplanque, Jerome" sort="Delplanque, Jerome" uniqKey="Delplanque J" first="Jerome" last="Delplanque">Jerome Delplanque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dina, Christian" sort="Dina, Christian" uniqKey="Dina C" first="Christian" last="Dina">Christian Dina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdos, Michael R" sort="Erdos, Michael R" uniqKey="Erdos M" first="Michael R" last="Erdos">Michael R. Erdos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedson, Annette C" sort="Fedson, Annette C" uniqKey="Fedson A" first="Annette C" last="Fedson">Annette C. Fedson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer Rosinsky, Antje" sort="Fischer Rosinsky, Antje" uniqKey="Fischer Rosinsky A" first="Antje" last="Fischer-Rosinsky">Antje Fischer-Rosinsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forouhi, Nita G" sort="Forouhi, Nita G" uniqKey="Forouhi N" first="Nita G" last="Forouhi">Nita G. Forouhi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S" last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frants, Rune" sort="Frants, Rune" uniqKey="Frants R" first="Rune" last="Frants">Rune Frants</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franzosi, Maria Grazia" sort="Franzosi, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Franzosi M" first="Maria Grazia" last="Franzosi">Maria Grazia Franzosi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galan, Pilar" sort="Galan, Pilar" uniqKey="Galan P" first="Pilar" last="Galan">Pilar Galan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodarzi, Mark O" sort="Goodarzi, Mark O" uniqKey="Goodarzi M" first="Mark O" last="Goodarzi">Mark O. Goodarzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graessler, Jurgen" sort="Graessler, Jurgen" uniqKey="Graessler J" first="Jürgen" last="Graessler">Jürgen Graessler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Christopher J" sort="Groves, Christopher J" uniqKey="Groves C" first="Christopher J" last="Groves">Christopher J. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grundy, Scott" sort="Grundy, Scott" uniqKey="Grundy S" first="Scott" last="Grundy">Scott Grundy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gwilliam, Rhian" sort="Gwilliam, Rhian" uniqKey="Gwilliam R" first="Rhian" last="Gwilliam">Rhian Gwilliam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjadj, Samy" sort="Hadjadj, Samy" uniqKey="Hadjadj S" first="Samy" last="Hadjadj">Samy Hadjadj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">CHU de Poitiers, Endocrinologie Diabetologie, CIC INSERM 0802, INSERM U927, Université de Poitiers, UFR, Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Naomi" sort="Hammond, Naomi" uniqKey="Hammond N" first="Naomi" last="Hammond">Naomi Hammond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Xijing" sort="Han, Xijing" uniqKey="Han X" first="Xijing" last="Han">Xijing Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" sort="Hartikainen, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Hartikainen A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Hartikainen">Anna-Liisa Hartikainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanali, Neelam" sort="Hassanali, Neelam" uniqKey="Hassanali N" first="Neelam" last="Hassanali">Neelam Hassanali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heath, Simon C" sort="Heath, Simon C" uniqKey="Heath S" first="Simon C" last="Heath">Simon C. Heath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hercberg, Serge" sort="Hercberg, Serge" uniqKey="Hercberg S" first="Serge" last="Hercberg">Serge Hercberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herder, Christian" sort="Herder, Christian" uniqKey="Herder C" first="Christian" last="Herder">Christian Herder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hicks, Andrew A" sort="Hicks, Andrew A" uniqKey="Hicks A" first="Andrew A" last="Hicks">Andrew A. Hicks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hillman, David R" sort="Hillman, David R" uniqKey="Hillman D" first="David R" last="Hillman">David R. Hillman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon D" sort="Hingorani, Aroon D" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon D" last="Hingorani">Aroon D. Hingorani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Joe" sort="Hung, Joe" uniqKey="Hung J" first="Joe" last="Hung">Joe Hung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Heart Institute of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isomaa, Bo" sort="Isomaa, Bo" uniqKey="Isomaa B" first="Bo" last="Isomaa">Bo Isomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">Malmska Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital, Jakobstad, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Paul R V" sort="Johnson, Paul R V" uniqKey="Johnson P" first="Paul R V" last="Johnson">Paul R V. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Torben" sort="J Rgensen, Torben" uniqKey="J Rgensen T" first="Torben" last="J Rgensen">Torben J Rgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jula, Antti" sort="Jula, Antti" uniqKey="Jula A" first="Antti" last="Jula">Antti Jula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Population Studies, Turku, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaprio, Jaakko" sort="Kaprio, Jaakko" uniqKey="Kaprio J" first="Jaakko" last="Kaprio">Jaakko Kaprio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kesaniemi, Y Antero" sort="Kesaniemi, Y Antero" uniqKey="Kesaniemi Y" first="Y Antero" last="Kesaniemi">Y Antero Kesaniemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Beatrice" sort="Knight, Beatrice" uniqKey="Knight B" first="Beatrice" last="Knight">Beatrice Knight</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskinen, Seppo" sort="Koskinen, Seppo" uniqKey="Koskinen S" first="Seppo" last="Koskinen">Seppo Koskinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kovacs, Peter" sort="Kovacs, Peter" uniqKey="Kovacs P" first="Peter" last="Kovacs">Peter Kovacs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm" sort="Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm" uniqKey="Kyvik K" first="Kirsten Ohm" last="Kyvik">Kirsten Ohm Kyvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, G Mark" sort="Lathrop, G Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop G" first="G Mark" last="Lathrop">G Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawlor, Debbie A" sort="Lawlor, Debbie A" uniqKey="Lawlor D" first="Debbie A" last="Lawlor">Debbie A. Lawlor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bacquer, Olivier" sort="Le Bacquer, Olivier" uniqKey="Le Bacquer O" first="Olivier" last="Le Bacquer">Olivier Le Bacquer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lecoeur, Cecile" sort="Lecoeur, Cecile" uniqKey="Lecoeur C" first="Cécile" last="Lecoeur">Cécile Lecoeur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yun" sort="Li, Yun" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yun" last="Li">Yun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyssenko, Valeriya" sort="Lyssenko, Valeriya" uniqKey="Lyssenko V" first="Valeriya" last="Lyssenko">Valeriya Lyssenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert" sort="Mahley, Robert" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert" last="Mahley">Robert Mahley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Alisa K" sort="Manning, Alisa K" uniqKey="Manning A" first="Alisa K" last="Manning">Alisa K. Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa" sort="Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Martinez Larrad M" first="María Teresa" last="Martínez-Larrad">María Teresa Martínez-Larrad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcateer, Jarred B" sort="Mcateer, Jarred B" uniqKey="Mcateer J" first="Jarred B" last="Mcateer">Jarred B. Mcateer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcculloch, Laura J" sort="Mcculloch, Laura J" uniqKey="Mcculloch L" first="Laura J" last="Mcculloch">Laura J. Mcculloch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcpherson, Ruth" sort="Mcpherson, Ruth" uniqKey="Mcpherson R" first="Ruth" last="Mcpherson">Ruth Mcpherson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meisinger, Christa" sort="Meisinger, Christa" uniqKey="Meisinger C" first="Christa" last="Meisinger">Christa Meisinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melzer, David" sort="Melzer, David" uniqKey="Melzer D" first="David" last="Melzer">David Melzer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyre, David" sort="Meyre, David" uniqKey="Meyre D" first="David" last="Meyre">David Meyre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Braxton D" sort="Mitchell, Braxton D" uniqKey="Mitchell B" first="Braxton D" last="Mitchell">Braxton D. Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morken, Mario A" sort="Morken, Mario A" uniqKey="Morken M" first="Mario A" last="Morken">Mario A. Morken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Sutapa" sort="Mukherjee, Sutapa" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Sutapa" last="Mukherjee">Sutapa Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naitza, Silvia" sort="Naitza, Silvia" uniqKey="Naitza S" first="Silvia" last="Naitza">Silvia Naitza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neville, Matthew J" sort="Neville, Matthew J" uniqKey="Neville M" first="Matthew J" last="Neville">Matthew J. Neville</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A" last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, Marco" sort="Orru, Marco" uniqKey="Orru M" first="Marco" last="Orrù">Marco Orrù</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakyz, Ruth" sort="Pakyz, Ruth" uniqKey="Pakyz R" first="Ruth" last="Pakyz">Ruth Pakyz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Colin N A" sort="Palmer, Colin N A" uniqKey="Palmer C" first="Colin N A" last="Palmer">Colin N A. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paolisso, Giuseppe" sort="Paolisso, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Paolisso G" first="Giuseppe" last="Paolisso">Giuseppe Paolisso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A110">Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pattaro, Cristian" sort="Pattaro, Cristian" uniqKey="Pattaro C" first="Cristian" last="Pattaro">Cristian Pattaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, Daniel" sort="Pearson, Daniel" uniqKey="Pearson D" first="Daniel" last="Pearson">Daniel Pearson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, John F" sort="Peden, John F" uniqKey="Peden J" first="John F" last="Peden">John F. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, Andreas F H" sort="Pfeiffer, Andreas F H" uniqKey="Pfeiffer A" first="Andreas F H" last="Pfeiffer">Andreas F H. Pfeiffer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pichler, Irene" sort="Pichler, Irene" uniqKey="Pichler I" first="Irene" last="Pichler">Irene Pichler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A113">Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posthuma, Danielle" sort="Posthuma, Danielle" uniqKey="Posthuma D" first="Danielle" last="Posthuma">Danielle Posthuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A114">Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potter, Simon C" sort="Potter, Simon C" uniqKey="Potter S" first="Simon C" last="Potter">Simon C. Potter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouta, Anneli" sort="Pouta, Anneli" uniqKey="Pouta A" first="Anneli" last="Pouta">Anneli Pouta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A115">Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Province, Michael A" sort="Province, Michael A" uniqKey="Province M" first="Michael A" last="Province">Michael A. Province</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Psaty, Bruce M" sort="Psaty, Bruce M" uniqKey="Psaty B" first="Bruce M" last="Psaty">Bruce M. Psaty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A116">Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A117">Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathmann, Wolfgang" sort="Rathmann, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Rathmann W" first="Wolfgang" last="Rathmann">Wolfgang Rathmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A118">Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayner, Nigel W" sort="Rayner, Nigel W" uniqKey="Rayner N" first="Nigel W" last="Rayner">Nigel W. Rayner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Kenneth" sort="Rice, Kenneth" uniqKey="Rice K" first="Kenneth" last="Rice">Kenneth Rice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A119">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ripatti, Samuli" sort="Ripatti, Samuli" uniqKey="Ripatti S" first="Samuli" last="Ripatti">Samuli Ripatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roden, Michael" sort="Roden, Michael" uniqKey="Roden M" first="Michael" last="Roden">Michael Roden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A121">Department of Medicine/Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolandsson, Olov" sort="Rolandsson, Olov" uniqKey="Rolandsson O" first="Olov" last="Rolandsson">Olov Rolandsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A122">Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandbaek, Annelli" sort="Sandbaek, Annelli" uniqKey="Sandbaek A" first="Annelli" last="Sandbaek">Annelli Sandbaek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A123">School of Public Health, Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, Manjinder" sort="Sandhu, Manjinder" uniqKey="Sandhu M" first="Manjinder" last="Sandhu">Manjinder Sandhu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A124">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayer, Avan Aihie" sort="Sayer, Avan Aihie" uniqKey="Sayer A" first="Avan Aihie" last="Sayer">Avan Aihie Sayer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheet, Paul" sort="Scheet, Paul" uniqKey="Scheet P" first="Paul" last="Scheet">Paul Scheet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A126">Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Laura J" sort="Scott, Laura J" uniqKey="Scott L" first="Laura J" last="Scott">Laura J. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedorf, Udo" sort="Seedorf, Udo" uniqKey="Seedorf U" first="Udo" last="Seedorf">Udo Seedorf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A127">Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster,Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, Stephen J" sort="Sharp, Stephen J" uniqKey="Sharp S" first="Stephen J" last="Sharp">Stephen J. Sharp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Beverley" sort="Shields, Beverley" uniqKey="Shields B" first="Beverley" last="Shields">Beverley Shields</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sigur Sson, Gunnar" sort="Sigur Sson, Gunnar" uniqKey="Sigur Sson G" first="Gunnar" last="Sigur Sson">Gunnar Sigur Sson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sijbrands, Erik J G" sort="Sijbrands, Erik J G" uniqKey="Sijbrands E" first="Erik J G" last="Sijbrands">Erik J G. Sijbrands</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silveira, Angela" sort="Silveira, Angela" uniqKey="Silveira A" first="Angela" last="Silveira">Angela Silveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Laila" sort="Simpson, Laila" uniqKey="Simpson L" first="Laila" last="Simpson">Laila Simpson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Andrew" sort="Singleton, Andrew" uniqKey="Singleton A" first="Andrew" last="Singleton">Andrew Singleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A129">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Nicholas L" sort="Smith, Nicholas L" uniqKey="Smith N" first="Nicholas L" last="Smith">Nicholas L. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A130">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A131">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sovio, Ulla" sort="Sovio, Ulla" uniqKey="Sovio U" first="Ulla" last="Sovio">Ulla Sovio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy" sort="Swift, Amy" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy" last="Swift">Amy Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syddall, Holly" sort="Syddall, Holly" uniqKey="Syddall H" first="Holly" last="Syddall">Holly Syddall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" sort="Syv Nen, Ann Christine" uniqKey="Syv Nen A" first="Ann-Christine" last="Syv Nen">Ann-Christine Syv Nen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A133">Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A134">Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tichet, Jean" sort="Tichet, Jean" uniqKey="Tichet J" first="Jean" last="Tichet">Jean Tichet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A135">Institut interrégional pour la santé (IRSA), F-37521 La Riche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A136">Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomi, Tiinamaija" sort="Tuomi, Tiinamaija" uniqKey="Tuomi T" first="Tiinamaija" last="Tuomi">Tiinamaija Tuomi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A137">Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G" last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" sort="Van Dijk, Ko Willems" uniqKey="Van Dijk K" first="Ko Willems" last="Van Dijk">Ko Willems Van Dijk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A138">Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Hoek, Mandy" sort="Van Hoek, Mandy" uniqKey="Van Hoek M" first="Mandy" last="Van Hoek">Mandy Van Hoek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varma, Dhiraj" sort="Varma, Dhiraj" uniqKey="Varma D" first="Dhiraj" last="Varma">Dhiraj Varma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visvikis Siest, Sophie" sort="Visvikis Siest, Sophie" uniqKey="Visvikis Siest S" first="Sophie" last="Visvikis-Siest">Sophie Visvikis-Siest</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A139">Research Unit, Cardiovascular Genetics, Nancy University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogelzangs, Nicole" sort="Vogelzangs, Nicole" uniqKey="Vogelzangs N" first="Nicole" last="Vogelzangs">Nicole Vogelzangs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Peter J" sort="Wagner, Peter J" uniqKey="Wagner P" first="Peter J" last="Wagner">Peter J. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walley, Andrew" sort="Walley, Andrew" uniqKey="Walley A" first="Andrew" last="Walley">Andrew Walley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, G Bragi" sort="Walters, G Bragi" uniqKey="Walters G" first="G Bragi" last="Walters">G Bragi Walters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, Kim L" sort="Ward, Kim L" uniqKey="Ward K" first="Kim L" last="Ward">Kim L. Ward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Hugh" sort="Watkins, Hugh" uniqKey="Watkins H" first="Hugh" last="Watkins">Hugh Watkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weedon, Michael N" sort="Weedon, Michael N" uniqKey="Weedon M" first="Michael N" last="Weedon">Michael N. Weedon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah H" sort="Wild, Sarah H" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah H" last="Wild">Sarah H. Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witteman, Jaqueline C M" sort="Witteman, Jaqueline C M" uniqKey="Witteman J" first="Jaqueline C M" last="Witteman">Jaqueline C M. Witteman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarnell, John W G" sort="Yarnell, John W G" uniqKey="Yarnell J" first="John W G" last="Yarnell">John W G. Yarnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A143">Epidemiology & Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggini, Eleftheria" sort="Zeggini, Eleftheria" uniqKey="Zeggini E" first="Eleftheria" last="Zeggini">Eleftheria Zeggini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zelenika, Diana" sort="Zelenika, Diana" uniqKey="Zelenika D" first="Diana" last="Zelenika">Diana Zelenika</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zethelius, Bjorn" sort="Zethelius, Bjorn" uniqKey="Zethelius B" first="Björn" last="Zethelius">Björn Zethelius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A144">Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Guangju" sort="Zhai, Guangju" uniqKey="Zhai G" first="Guangju" last="Zhai">Guangju Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M Carola" last="Zillikens">M Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A120">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B" last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J F" last="Loos">Ruth J F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meneton, Pierre" sort="Meneton, Pierre" uniqKey="Meneton P" first="Pierre" last="Meneton">Pierre Meneton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, Patrik K E" sort="Magnusson, Patrik K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="Patrik K E" last="Magnusson">Patrik K E. Magnusson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nathan, David M" sort="Nathan, David M" uniqKey="Nathan D" first="David M" last="Nathan">David M. Nathan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Gordon H" sort="Williams, Gordon H" uniqKey="Williams G" first="Gordon H" last="Williams">Gordon H. Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hattersley, Andrew T" sort="Hattersley, Andrew T" uniqKey="Hattersley A" first="Andrew T" last="Hattersley">Andrew T. Hattersley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silander, Kaisa" sort="Silander, Kaisa" uniqKey="Silander K" first="Kaisa" last="Silander">Kaisa Silander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A145">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bornstein, Stefan R" sort="Bornstein, Stefan R" uniqKey="Bornstein S" first="Stefan R" last="Bornstein">Stefan R. Bornstein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Peter" sort="Schwarz, Peter" uniqKey="Schwarz P" first="Peter" last="Schwarz">Peter Schwarz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spranger, Joachim" sort="Spranger, Joachim" uniqKey="Spranger J" first="Joachim" last="Spranger">Joachim Spranger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpe, Fredrik" sort="Karpe, Fredrik" uniqKey="Karpe F" first="Fredrik" last="Karpe">Fredrik Karpe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R" last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Cyrus" sort="Cooper, Cyrus" uniqKey="Cooper C" first="Cyrus" last="Cooper">Cyrus Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A125">MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dedoussis, George V" sort="Dedoussis, George V" uniqKey="Dedoussis G" first="George V" last="Dedoussis">George V. Dedoussis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serrano Rios, Manuel" sort="Serrano Rios, Manuel" uniqKey="Serrano Rios M" first="Manuel" last="Serrano-Ríos">Manuel Serrano-Ríos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Andrew D" sort="Morris, Andrew D" uniqKey="Morris A" first="Andrew D" last="Morris">Andrew D. Morris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A109">Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A132">Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J" last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Frank B" sort="Hu, Frank B" uniqKey="Hu F" first="Frank B." last="Hu">Frank B. Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A146">Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A147">Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W" last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A148">Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebrahim, Shah" sort="Ebrahim, Shah" uniqKey="Ebrahim S" first="Shah" last="Ebrahim">Shah Ebrahim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A149">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marmot, Michael" sort="Marmot, Michael" uniqKey="Marmot M" first="Michael" last="Marmot">Michael Marmot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, W H Linda" sort="Kao, W H Linda" uniqKey="Kao W" first="W H Linda" last="Kao">W H Linda Kao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A150">Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A151">The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pankow, James S" sort="Pankow, James S" uniqKey="Pankow J" first="James S" last="Pankow">James S. Pankow</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A152">Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampson, Michael J" sort="Sampson, Michael J" uniqKey="Sampson M" first="Michael J" last="Sampson">Michael J. Sampson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A153">Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 7UY, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A154">Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A155">Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A156">Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pramstaller, Peter Paul" sort="Pramstaller, Peter Paul" uniqKey="Pramstaller P" first="Peter Paul" last="Pramstaller">Peter Paul Pramstaller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A157">Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A158">Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wichmann, H Erich" sort="Wichmann, H Erich" uniqKey="Wichmann H" first="H Erich" last="Wichmann">H Erich Wichmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A159">Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A160">Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illig, Thomas" sort="Illig, Thomas" uniqKey="Illig T" first="Thomas" last="Illig">Thomas Illig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A161">School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A162">Gen-Info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F" last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stumvoll, Michael" sort="Stumvoll, Michael" uniqKey="Stumvoll M" first="Michael" last="Stumvoll">Michael Stumvoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F" last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamsten, Anders" sort="Hamsten, Anders" uniqKey="Hamsten A" first="Anders" last="Hamsten">Anders Hamsten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A128">Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N" last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchanan, Thomas A" sort="Buchanan, Thomas A" uniqKey="Buchanan T" first="Thomas A" last="Buchanan">Thomas A. Buchanan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A164">Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S" last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L" last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A165">Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valle, Timo T" sort="Valle, Timo T" uniqKey="Valle T" first="Timo T" last="Valle">Timo T. Valle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A166">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altshuler, David" sort="Altshuler, David" uniqKey="Altshuler D" first="David" last="Altshuler">David Altshuler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rotter, Jerome I" sort="Rotter, Jerome I" uniqKey="Rotter J" first="Jerome I" last="Rotter">Jerome I. Rotter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siscovick, David S" sort="Siscovick, David S" uniqKey="Siscovick D" first="David S" last="Siscovick">David S. Siscovick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A167">Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W J H" sort="Penninx, Brenda W J H" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W J H" last="Penninx">Brenda W J H. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A140">EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret" sort="Boomsma, Dorret" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret" last="Boomsma">Dorret Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deloukas, Panos" sort="Deloukas, Panos" uniqKey="Deloukas P" first="Panos" last="Deloukas">Panos Deloukas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spector, Timothy D" sort="Spector, Timothy D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Timothy D" last="Spector">Timothy D. Spector</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M" last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A168">Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Augustine" sort="Kong, Augustine" uniqKey="Kong A" first="Augustine" last="Kong">Augustine Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" sort="Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur" uniqKey="Thorsteinsdottir U" first="Unnur" last="Thorsteinsdottir">Unnur Thorsteinsdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stefansson, Kari" sort="Stefansson, Kari" uniqKey="Stefansson K" first="Kari" last="Stefansson">Kari Stefansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A169">Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M" last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aulchenko, Yurii S" sort="Aulchenko, Yurii S" uniqKey="Aulchenko Y" first="Yurii S" last="Aulchenko">Yurii S. Aulchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Antonio" sort="Cao, Antonio" uniqKey="Cao A" first="Antonio" last="Cao">Antonio Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scuteri, Angelo" sort="Scuteri, Angelo" uniqKey="Scuteri A" first="Angelo" last="Scuteri">Angelo Scuteri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A170">Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlessinger, David" sort="Schlessinger, David" uniqKey="Schlessinger D" first="David" last="Schlessinger">David Schlessinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uda, Manuela" sort="Uda, Manuela" uniqKey="Uda M" first="Manuela" last="Uda">Manuela Uda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokonen, Aimo" sort="Ruokonen, Aimo" uniqKey="Ruokonen A" first="Aimo" last="Ruokonen">Aimo Ruokonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A171">Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A172">National Institute of Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, Fin-90101 Oulu, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waterworth, Dawn M" sort="Waterworth, Dawn M" uniqKey="Waterworth D" first="Dawn M" last="Waterworth">Dawn M. Waterworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A141">Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltonen, Leena" sort="Peltonen, Leena" uniqKey="Peltonen L" first="Leena" last="Peltonen">Leena Peltonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A111">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A112">Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mooser, Vincent" sort="Mooser, Vincent" uniqKey="Mooser V" first="Vincent" last="Mooser">Vincent Mooser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Goncalo R" last="Abecasis">Goncalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sladek, Robert" sort="Sladek, Robert" uniqKey="Sladek R" first="Robert" last="Sladek">Robert Sladek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A142">Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Richard M" sort="Watanabe, Richard M" uniqKey="Watanabe R" first="Richard M" last="Watanabe">Richard M. Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A163">Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A173">Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meigs, James B" sort="Meigs, James B" uniqKey="Meigs J" first="James B" last="Meigs">James B. Meigs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groop, Leif" sort="Groop, Leif" uniqKey="Groop L" first="Leif" last="Groop">Leif Groop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I" last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Florez, Jose C" sort="Florez, Jose C" uniqKey="Florez J" first="Jose C" last="Florez">Jose C. Florez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P3">Circulating glucose levels are tightly regulated. To identify novel glycemic loci, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide associations studies informative for fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI) and indices of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 non-diabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with FG/HOMA-B and two associated with FI/HOMA-IR. These include nine new FG loci (in or near <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>MADD</italic>, <italic>ADRA2A</italic>, <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic> and <italic>FAM148B</italic>) and one influencing FI/HOMA-IR (near <italic>IGF1</italic>). We also demonstrated association of <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic> and <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify T2D risk loci, as well as loci that elevate FG modestly, but do not cause overt diabetes.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coutinho, M" uniqKey="Coutinho M">M Coutinho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerstein, Hc" uniqKey="Gerstein H">HC Gerstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yusuf, S" uniqKey="Yusuf S">S Yusuf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meigs, Jb" uniqKey="Meigs J">JB Meigs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nathan, Dm" uniqKey="Nathan D">DM Nathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Agostino, Rb" uniqKey="D Agostino R">RB D'Agostino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Pw" uniqKey="Wilson P">PW 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<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20081858</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3018764</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.520</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS259059</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dupuis</surname><given-names>Josée</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib 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rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scuteri</surname><given-names>Angelo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A170">171</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schlessinger</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uda</surname><given-names>Manuela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruokonen</surname><given-names>Aimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A171">172</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jarvelin</surname><given-names>Marjo-Riitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A93">93</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A172">173</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waterworth</surname><given-names>Dawn M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vollenweider</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A141">141</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peltonen</surname><given-names>Leena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A96">96</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A111">111</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A112">112</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mooser</surname><given-names>Vincent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Goncalo R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname><given-names>Nicholas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sladek</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Froguel</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A142">142</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>Richard M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A163">164</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A173">174</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meigs</surname><given-names>James B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A105">105</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groop</surname><given-names>Leif</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A102">102</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehnke</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A107">107</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Florez</surname><given-names>Jose C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A104">104</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A105">105</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barroso</surname><given-names>Inês</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>for the MAGIC investigators</collab></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Unit for Child and Adolescent Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>INSERM U859, Universite de Lille-Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>INSERM U780-IFR69, Paris Sud University, F-94807 Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Steno Diabetes Center, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Endocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital, Essonnes, F-91108 France</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>CHU de Poitiers, Endocrinologie Diabetologie, CIC INSERM 0802, INSERM U927, Université de Poitiers, UFR, Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Heart Institute of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>Malmska Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital, Jakobstad, Finland</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Population Studies, Turku, Finland</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A109"><label>109</label>Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK</aff><aff id="A110"><label>110</label>Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.</aff><aff id="A111"><label>111</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A112"><label>112</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A113"><label>113</label>Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</aff><aff id="A114"><label>114</label>Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A115"><label>115</label>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A116"><label>116</label>Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A117"><label>117</label>Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A118"><label>118</label>Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="A119"><label>119</label>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</aff><aff id="A120"><label>120</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A121"><label>121</label>Department of Medicine/Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="A122"><label>122</label>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A123"><label>123</label>School of Public Health, Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark</aff><aff id="A124"><label>124</label>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff><aff id="A125"><label>125</label>MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</aff><aff id="A126"><label>126</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA</aff><aff id="A127"><label>127</label>Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster,Münster, Germany</aff><aff id="A128"><label>128</label>Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A129"><label>129</label>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA</aff><aff id="A130"><label>130</label>Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA</aff><aff id="A131"><label>131</label>Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A132"><label>132</label>Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A133"><label>133</label>Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</aff><aff id="A134"><label>134</label>Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA</aff><aff id="A135"><label>135</label>Institut interrégional pour la santé (IRSA), F-37521 La Riche, France</aff><aff id="A136"><label>136</label>Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A137"><label>137</label>Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A138"><label>138</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A139"><label>139</label>Research Unit, Cardiovascular Genetics, Nancy University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France</aff><aff id="A140"><label>140</label>EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A141"><label>141</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A142"><label>142</label>Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK</aff><aff id="A143"><label>143</label>Epidemiology & Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK</aff><aff id="A144"><label>144</label>Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden</aff><aff id="A145"><label>146</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A146"><label>147</label>Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A147"><label>148</label>Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A148"><label>149</label>Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="A149"><label>150</label>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK</aff><aff id="A150"><label>151</label>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</aff><aff id="A151"><label>152</label>The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA</aff><aff id="A152"><label>153</label>Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA</aff><aff id="A153"><label>154</label>Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 7UY, UK</aff><aff id="A154"><label>155</label>Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland</aff><aff id="A155"><label>156</label>Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark</aff><aff id="A156"><label>157</label>Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A157"><label>158</label>Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy</aff><aff id="A158"><label>159</label>Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany</aff><aff id="A159"><label>160</label>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A160"><label>161</label>Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A161"><label>162</label>School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia</aff><aff id="A162"><label>163</label>Gen-Info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</aff><aff id="A163"><label>164</label>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</aff><aff id="A164"><label>165</label>Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA</aff><aff id="A165"><label>166</label>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA</aff><aff id="A166"><label>167</label>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="A167"><label>168</label>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A168"><label>169</label>Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A169"><label>170</label>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</aff><aff id="A170"><label>171</label>Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A171"><label>172</label>Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A172"><label>173</label>National Institute of Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, Fin-90101 Oulu, Finland</aff><aff id="A173"><label>174</label>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Corresponding authors: <bold>Michael Boehnke</bold>, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 – USA, Tel. +1 734 936 1001, Fax. +1 734 615 8322, <email>boehnke@umich.edu</email>, <bold>Mark I. McCarthy</bold>, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ – UK, Tel. +44 (0) 1865 857298, Fax. +44 (0) 1865 857299, <email>mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk</email>, <bold>Jose C. Florez</bold>, Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), and Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building – CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 – USA, Tel. +1 617 643 3308, Fax. +1 617 643 6630, <email>jcflorez@partners.org</email>, <bold>Inês Barroso</bold>, Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK, Tel. +44 (0) 1223 495341, Fax. +44 (0) 1223 494919, <email>ib1@sanger.ac.uk</email></corresp><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally</p></fn><fn id="FN2"><label>145</label><p id="P2">See appendix for full list of authors</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>1</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>11</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.520</pmc-comment>
<permissions><license><license-p>Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms">http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms</uri></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p id="P3">Circulating glucose levels are tightly regulated. To identify novel glycemic loci, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide associations studies informative for fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI) and indices of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 non-diabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with FG/HOMA-B and two associated with FI/HOMA-IR. These include nine new FG loci (in or near <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>MADD</italic>, <italic>ADRA2A</italic>, <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic> and <italic>FAM148B</italic>) and one influencing FI/HOMA-IR (near <italic>IGF1</italic>). We also demonstrated association of <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic> and <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify T2D risk loci, as well as loci that elevate FG modestly, but do not cause overt diabetes.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><p id="P4">Impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance are key determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hyperglycemia in the fasting state is one of the criteria that define the disease<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, can predict hard clinical endpoints in non-diabetic individuals<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> and, when corrected in patients with T2D, may help prevent microvascular<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> and long-term macrovascular<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,<xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref> complications. To date, there are nearly 20 published loci reproducibly associated with T2D<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, with most of them also associated with decreased insulin secretion<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref> due to defective β-cell function or mass. Association studies for diabetes-related quantitative traits in non-diabetic participants have also identified loci influencing fasting glucose (FG) levels, whose effects appear to be mediated by impairment of the glucose-sensing machinery in β-cells<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>–<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>.</p><p id="P5">We recently formed the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) to conduct large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide data for continuous diabetes-related traits in non-diabetic participants<xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>. We aimed to identify additional loci that influence glycemic traits in persons free of diabetes, and investigate their impact on related metabolic phenotypes. We were also interested in understanding variation in the physiological range and evaluating the extent to which the same variants influence pathological FG variation and T2D risk. The initial MAGIC collaboration identified the FG/T2D-associated locus <italic>MTNR1B</italic><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>, which was also reported by others<xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>,<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>; this finding demonstrated that studies of continuous glycemic phenotypes in non-diabetic individuals can complement the genetic analyses of diabetes as a dichotomous trait, and improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Here, we extend our previous approach by performing meta-analyses of ~2.5M directly genotyped or imputed autosomal SNPs from 21 genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These 21 cohorts include up to 46,186 non-diabetic participants of European descent informative for FG, and 20 GWAS including up to 38,238 non-diabetic individuals informative for fasting insulin (FI), as well as the surrogate estimates of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) derived from fasting variables by homeostasis model assessment<xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>. Follow-up of 25 lead SNPs in up to 76,558 additional individuals of European ancestry identified nine novel genome-wide significant associations (empirically determined as <italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>)<xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref> with FG and one with FI/HOMA-IR. Five of these novel loci also demonstrated genome-wide significant evidence for association between the glucose-raising allele and T2D risk in up to 40,655 cases and 87,022 non-diabetic controls.</p><p id="P6">The wealth of novel FG and HOMA-B loci contrast with the sole FI/HOMA-IR novel finding and suggests a different genetic architecture for β-cell function and insulin resistance. Furthermore, our data support the hypothesis that not all loci that influence glycemia within the physiological range are also associated with pathological levels of glucose and T2D risk.</p><sec sec-type="results" id="S1"><title>RESULTS</title><sec id="S2"><title>Genome wide association meta-analysis of glycemic traits (Stage 1)</title><p id="P7">We conducted a two-stage association study in individuals of European descent (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Tables 1a and b</xref>). Because we sought to identify variants that influence FG in the normal population, hyperglycemia in the diabetic range exerts deleterious effects on β-cell function<xref rid="R20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>,<xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>, and treatment can confound glucose and insulin measurements, we excluded individuals with known diabetes, on anti-diabetic treatment, or with FG ≥7 mmol/L. We combined data from 21 Stage 1 discovery GWAS for FG (N=46,186) and 20 GWAS for FI (N=38,238), HOMA-B (N=36,466) and HOMA-IR (N=37,037), and analyzed associations for ~2.5M autosomal SNPs directly genotyped and imputed<xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>,<xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref> from HapMap CEU sample data assuming an additive genetic effect for each of the four traits.</p><p id="P8">Inverse variance weighted meta-analyses revealed 12 independent loci associated with FG and/or HOMA-B at genome-wide significance levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 2a–b</xref>). These included five novel associations for loci in or near <italic>ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2</italic> and <italic>FADS1</italic> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1a–j</xref>); four previously reported FG-associated loci in or near <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic>, <italic>G6PC2</italic>, and <italic>MTNR1B</italic>; the recently reported <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>; and two loci in T2D susceptibility genes <italic>TCF7L2</italic> (rs4506565, r<sup>2</sup>=0.92 with the previously reported SNP rs7903146) and <italic>SLC30A8</italic> (rs11558471, r<sup>2</sup>=0.96 with the previously reported SNP rs13266634). Seven additional loci had reproducible evidence for association with FG and/or HOMA-B across studies at the arbitrary summary threshold of <italic>P</italic><2×10<sup>−5</sup> chosen to prioritize SNPs for follow-up (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). After excluding SNPs within the four previously genome-wide significant FG loci <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic>, <italic>G6PC2</italic> and <italic>MTNR1B,</italic> we still observed an excess of small <italic>P</italic>-values compared to a distribution expected under the null hypothesis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2a–b</xref>), suggesting that some of these additional loci are likely to represent novel FG and/or HOMA-B loci that merit additional investigation.</p><p id="P9">Stage 1 analyses of FI and HOMA-IR revealed no loci that reached genome-wide significance, but there were six loci with consistent evidence for association across study samples at <italic>P</italic><2×10<sup>−5</sup> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 2c–d</xref>). Comparison of the observed <italic>P</italic>-values with the distribution expected under the null hypothesis demonstrated an excess of small <italic>P</italic>-values which warrant further investigation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2c–d</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Replication studies (Stage 2) and global (Stage 1 + Stage 2) meta-analysis for 25 loci</title><p id="P10">We carried forward to Stage 2 all independent loci with association with any of the four traits at <italic>P</italic><2×10<sup>−5</sup>, except for SNPs in the known T2D genes <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic> for which no further validation was sought (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). We also included the nominally associated top SNP from a strong biological candidate (<italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>P</italic>=10<sup>−4</sup> for HOMA-IR) and a locus with <italic>P</italic> values that approached genome-wide significance in several Stage 1 discovery cohorts (<italic>PLXDC2/NEBL</italic>), even though their overall Stage 1 <italic>P</italic>-values were >2×10<sup>−5</sup> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>). In total, 25 loci were chosen for replication.</p><p id="P11">We directly genotyped 25 variants in 26 additional Stage 2 studies with up to 63,850 non-diabetic participants of European ancestry for FG, and 25 studies and up to 52,892 participants for FI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD2">Supplementary Table 1b</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>). We also obtained <italic>in silico</italic> replication data for 12,708 additional individuals from seven studies for FG (9,372 participants and five studies for FI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B), for a total of up to 76,558 individuals for FG and 62,264 for FI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B in Stage 2 association analyses.</p><p id="P12">Our combined Stage 1 and 2 meta-analysis, including a total of up to 122,743 participants for FG (98,372 for FI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B) established genome-wide significant associations for nine novel loci for FG and/or HOMA-B (<italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>MADD</italic>, <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>ADRA2A</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>, <italic>FAM148B</italic>) and one for FI and HOMA-IR (<italic>IGF1</italic>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1a–j</xref>). We hereby replicate the recently reported loci <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> (FG)<xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref> and <italic>GCKR</italic> (FG, FI and HOMA-IR)<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>,<xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref> at levels that exceed genome-wide significance. Loci that had previously achieved genome-wide significant associations with FG (<italic>G6PC2</italic>, <italic>MTNR1B</italic> and <italic>GCK</italic>) were also confirmed (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>).</p><p id="P13">We further conducted a global meta-analysis of cohort results adjusted for body mass index (BMI), to test whether these diabetes-related quantitative trait associations may be mediated by associations with adiposity. The adjustment for BMI did not materially affect the strength of the associations with any of the traits (data not shown).</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Effect size estimates for genome-wide significant loci</title><p id="P14">We restricted our effect size estimates (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 2</xref>) to the Stage 2 replication samples (up to N=76,558) to avoid inflation introduced by the discovery cohorts (“winner’s curse”<xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>). The previously identified loci <italic>G6PC2</italic>, <italic>MTNR1B</italic> and <italic>GCK</italic> showed the largest effects on FG (0.075, 0.067 and 0.062 mmol/L per allele, respectively), with the remaining loci showing smaller effects (0.008 to 0.030 mmol/L per allele, <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). The proportion of variance in FG explained by the 14 FG loci with replication data (i.e. all FG loci except for <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic>) ranged from 3.2–4.4% in six replication studies providing this information. Because results from our largest unselected community-based cohort (Framingham) were on the lower bound of these estimates (3.2%), we felt reassured that the winner’s curse is not a major concern in this instance, and selected it to estimate the proportion of heritability explained and the genotype score. With a heritability estimate of 30.4% in Framingham, these 14 loci explain a substantial proportion (~10%) of the inherited variation in FG. If these same loci harbor additional independent variants (e.g. those due to low frequency alleles not captured by this analysis) that also influence FG<xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, this estimate of the heritability attributable to these loci is likely to be conservative.</p><p id="P15">We estimated the combined impact of the 16 loci associated with FG (the 14 loci included in the genotype score plus <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic>) in some of the largest cohorts (Framingham, NFBC 1966 and ARIC) by constructing a genotype score equal to the sum of the expected number of risk alleles at each SNP weighted by their effect sizes (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>). FG levels were higher in individuals with higher genotype scores (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>), with mean differences of ~0.4 mmol/L (5.93 vs 5.51 mmol/L in NFBC 1966; 5.36 vs 5.03 mmol/L in Framingham; 5.70 vs 5.29 mmol/L in ARIC) comparing individuals with a score of 23 or higher (5.6% of the sample) to those with a genotype score of 12 or lower (2.9% of the sample). The 0.4 mmol/L (7.2 mg/dl) difference between the two tails of the distribution of risk score in the population (top 5.6% vs bottom 2.9%) is of clinical relevance, as it represents a shift of approximately 25 centile points in the distribution of FG. Prospective evidence has shown that a difference of this magnitude in FG is associated with a relative risk of 1.54–1.73 for future T2D, accounting for other risk factors<xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>. The impact of individual SNPs on FG in the combined discovery and replication samples is shown in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 3a–p</xref>.</p><p id="P16">We also analyzed data from 1,602 white European children aged 5.9–17.2 from two studies. Though directionally consistent with observations in adults, some effect size estimates were of smaller magnitude (data not shown). As in adults, the largest effect sizes were observed for risk alleles in <italic>GCK</italic> (beta=0.085; <italic>P</italic>=1.2×10<sup>−5</sup>; N=1,602), <italic>G6PC2</italic> (beta=0.062; <italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−4</sup>; N=1,582) and <italic>MTNR1B</italic> (beta=0.033; <italic>P</italic>=0.058; N=1,309).</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>Impact of reproducibly associated loci on additional glycemic traits</title><p id="P17">We sought to investigate all 17 loci associated with FG/HOMA-B or FI/HOMA-IR at genome-wide significance for their effects on other continuous glycemic traits. While most of the 16 loci associated with FG are also strongly associated with HOMA-B (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>), the associations between FG loci and FI were at best weak; <italic>GCKR</italic> is the only locus reaching genome-wide significant associations for both FG/HOMA-B and FI/HOMA-IR, with the glucose-raising C allele being associated with increased FI (global <italic>P</italic>=3.6×10<sup>−20</sup>) and HOMA-IR (global <italic>P</italic>=3.0×10<sup>−24</sup>). These patterns are consistent with the gross trait correlations obtained in Framingham for FG and HOMA-B (r=−0.43) and for FG and FI (r=0.25).</p><p id="P18">Impairment of glucose homeostasis may be characterized by elevated FG or FI, elevated 2-hour glucose or 2-hour insulin post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>). We tested associations of each of the 17 loci in a subset of MAGIC cohorts with GWAS data informative for these traits. Since HbA<sub>1c</sub> is a measure of average glycemia over the preceding 2–3 months, we hypothesized that if an association with additional traits was present it should be directionally consistent. The three loci with the largest effect sizes on FG (<italic>G6PC2</italic>, <italic>MTNR1B</italic> and <italic>GCK</italic>) all showed genome-wide significant and directionally consistent associations with HbA<sub>1c</sub>, with <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic>, <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>SLC30A8</italic> and <italic>TCF7L2</italic> showing nominal (<italic>P</italic><0.05) evidence of directionally consistent association (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). The FG-raising alleles at <italic>TCF7L2</italic>, <italic>SLC30A8, GCK</italic> and <italic>ADCY5</italic> were associated (<italic>P</italic><0.0002) with increased 2-hour glucose (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>); a parallel MAGIC project reports the genome-wide significant association with 2-hour glucose of another <italic>ADCY5</italic> SNP in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with our lead SNP (r<sup>2</sup>=0.82)<xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>. Consistent with previous reports that the FG-raising allele is associated with greater insulin release during OGTT<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>,<xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>, the FG-raising allele in <italic>GCKR</italic> was associated with lower 2-hour glucose.</p><p id="P19">Testing of these loci for association with T2D as a dichotomous trait in up to 40,655 cases and 87,022 non-diabetic controls demonstrated that the FG-raising alleles at seven loci (<italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic>, <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic> and <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> and the known T2D genes <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic>), are robustly associated (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−8</sup>) with increased risk of T2D (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>); the association of a highly correlated SNP in <italic>ADCY5</italic> with T2D in partially overlapping samples is reported by our companion manuscript<xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>. We found less significant T2D associations (<italic>P</italic><5×10<sup>−3</sup>) for variants in or near <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic> and <italic>FAM148B</italic> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). These data clearly show that loci with very similar FG effect sizes may have very different T2D risk effects (see for example <italic>ADCY5</italic> and <italic>MADD</italic> in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>).</p><p id="P20">Given that several alleles associated with higher FG levels were also associated with increased T2D risk and that the T2D genes <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A</italic>8 showed association with FG, we systematically investigated association of all established T2D loci with the same four fasting diabetes-related quantitative traits. We found directionally consistent nominal associations (<italic>P</italic><0.05) of T2D risk alleles with higher FG for 11 of 18 established T2D loci, including <italic>MTNR1B</italic> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 3</xref>). These data demonstrate that a large T2D effect size does not always translate to an equivalently large FG effect in non-diabetic persons, as clearly highlighted when contrasting the remarkably small effects of <italic>TCF7L2</italic> on FG compared to <italic>MTNR1B</italic> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Impact of reproducibly associated loci on additional metabolic traits</title><p id="P21">Next, we used available GWAS results for additional metabolic phenotypes (BMI from GIANT<xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>, blood pressure from Global BPGen<xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>, and lipids from ENGAGE<xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>), to assess the impact of the newly discovered glycemic loci on these traits. None of the novel loci had significant (<italic>P</italic><0.01) associations with BMI or blood pressure (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>). Interestingly, the <italic>FADS1</italic> glucose-raising allele was associated with increased total cholesterol (<italic>P</italic>=2.5×10<sup>−6</sup>), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<italic>P</italic>=8.5×10<sup>−6</sup>) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<italic>P</italic>=2.9×10<sup>−5</sup>), but lower triglyceride levels (<italic>P</italic>=1.9×10<sup>−6</sup>) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>); a consistent association of this locus with lipid levels has been previously reported<xref rid="R34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>. The FG-associated variant in <italic>MADD</italic> was not associated with lipid levels and is not in LD (r<sup>2</sup><0.1) with a previously reported high-density lipoprotein cholesterol SNP (rs7395662)<xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>, suggesting two independent signals within the same locus, one affecting lipid levels and the other FG levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Potential functional roles of novel associated loci</title><p id="P22">We investigated the likely functional role of genes mapping closest to the lead SNPs using several sources of data, including human disease databases, evidence from animal models and bioinformatic analyses (see <xref ref-type="boxed-text" rid="BX1">Box</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>). The newly discovered and established glycemic loci represent various biological functions: signal transduction (<italic>DGKB/TMEM195, ADCY5, FADS1, ADRA2A, SLC2A2, GCK, GCKR, G6PC2, IGF1</italic>); cell proliferation and development (<italic>GLIS3, MADD, PROX1</italic>); glucose transport and sensing (<italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>GCK, GCKR, G6PC2</italic>); and circadian rhythm regulation (<italic>MTNR1B, CRY2</italic>). All of these pathways represent further avenues for physiological characterization and possible therapeutic intervention. However, we note that other genes could be causal (<xref ref-type="boxed-text" rid="BX1">Box</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Table 4</xref>) and further experimental evidence will be needed to link unequivocally specific genes with phenotypes.</p></sec><sec id="S8"><title>Expression analyses</title><p id="P23">We measured expression of the genes mapping closest to our lead SNPs (in <italic>DGKB/TMEM195, ADCY5</italic>, <italic>MADD</italic>, its neighboring gene <italic>SLC39A13</italic> [a member of a family of zinc transporters mapping ~45 kb from the <italic>MADD</italic> lead SNP], <italic>ADRA2A</italic>, <italic>FADS1, CRY2</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic> and <italic>FAM148B</italic>) in human pancreas and other metabolically relevant tissues (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 4a</xref>). While there was evidence of expression in human islets for nearly all genes tested (with the sole exception of <italic>TMEM195</italic>), we found that <italic>DGKB</italic> and <italic>MADD</italic> were most strongly expressed in brain, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>TMEM195</italic> and <italic>PROX1</italic> in liver and <italic>ADCY5</italic> in heart, while <italic>SLC39A13</italic>, <italic>ADRA2A</italic> and <italic>CRY2</italic> were broadly expressed. Strikingly, <italic>FAM148B</italic> was highly expressed in the whole pancreas with lower levels in isolated islets, suggesting that it is also present in exocrine cells. A duplicate experiment in a different laboratory obtained similar results (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 4b</xref>). We further examined expression of these transcripts in flow-sorted human β-cells from two separate individuals and documented β-cell expression for all but <italic>TMEM195,</italic> with <italic>SLC39A13</italic>, <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic> and <italic>PROX1</italic> being particularly highly expressed in these cells (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Figure 4c</xref>). Expression levels in metabolically relevant tissues for <italic>DGKB</italic> (β cells) and <italic>TMEM195</italic> (liver) provide equally credible evidence for their respective candidacies as the causal gene at these loci. Furthermore, based on its relatively high expression levels in the β cell, <italic>SLC39A13</italic> (neighboring gene to <italic>MADD</italic>) constitutes an intriguing candidate gene that may merit further investigation.</p></sec><sec id="S9"><title>Potential causal variants, eQTLs and copy number variants</title><p id="P24">Our results interrogate only a fraction of the common variants in any given genomic region; we therefore expect that for the majority of the loci here described the underlying causal variant has yet to be identified. Nevertheless for some there are intriguing possible SNP candidates: in <italic>SLC2A2</italic> the lead SNP (rs11920090) is in perfect LD (r<sup>2</sup> = 1.0) with rs5400 (Stage 1 discovery association <italic>P</italic>=5.9×10<sup>−6</sup>), which codes for the amino acid substitution T110I, predicted to be “possibly damaging” by PolyPhen<xref rid="R35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref> and PANTHER (Pdel= 0.92)<xref rid="R36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>. In <italic>GCKR</italic> the lead SNP is in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup>=0.93) with rs1260326, encoding P446L, a non-synomymous variant previously associated with the same traits<xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref> and predicted by PolyPhen to be “probably damaging”. A recent functional study has demonstrated that this variant indirectly leads to increased GCK activity, resulting in the observed effects on FG and triglyceride levels<xref rid="R37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>. Both <italic>SLC2A2</italic> T110I and <italic>GCKR</italic> P446L were predicted “tolerated” by SIFT<xref rid="R38" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>, highlighting the difficulties in obtaining consensus functional predictions from different informatic approaches.</p><p id="P25">We used publicly available eQTL datasets for liver<xref rid="R39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>, cortex<xref rid="R40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref> and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines<xref rid="R41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref> to explore additional possible causal mechanisms testing for association between replicated loci and mRNA expression levels of nearby genes (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>). The lead SNP in <italic>FADS1</italic>, rs174550, is in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup>=0.80) and close proximity (130 bp) to rs174548, a SNP highly associated with <italic>FADS1</italic> mRNA expression levels in liver (<italic>P</italic>=1.7×10<sup>−5</sup>) and with <italic>FADS2</italic> mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cells (<italic>P</italic>=3.1×10<sup>−4</sup>). SNP rs174548 has also been associated (up to <italic>P</italic>=4.5×10<sup>−8</sup>) with a number of serum glycerophospholipid concentrations in a GWAS investigating metabolomic profiles<xref rid="R42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref> and rs174550 also demonstrated strong associations (<italic>P</italic><5.2×10<sup>−7</sup>) with the same metabolites (data not shown). These results are substantiated by previous work associating SNPs in this region with the fatty acid composition of phospholipids<xref rid="R43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>. The latter suggest the minor allele variant of rs174550 results in a reduced efficiency of the fatty acid delta-5 desaturase reaction<xref rid="R42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>. Finally, bioinformatic analysis identifies a perfect proxy, rs174545 (r<sup>2</sup>=1 with rs174550), whose glucose-raising allele abolishes a predicted miR-124 target site (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD3">Online Methods</xref>). Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that not only fatty acid levels, but also their precise composition and degree of desaturation, may influence glucose homeostasis.</p><p id="P26">Although our study was not designed to explicitly investigate the impact of copy number variation on glycemic traits, we took advantage of existing data<xref rid="R44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref> to investigate whether any of our lead SNPs are in LD with common, diallelic copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) mapping within a 1Mb window. Of the FG loci, only <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> has a validated, common CNP affecting sequence within 1 Mb of the index SNP<xref rid="R44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>. Despite the proximity of this CNP to the associated SNP (~25 kb), the CNP is essentially uncorrelated with the index SNP (r<sup>2</sup>=0.01 in HapMap CEU) and is therefore unlikely to explain the observed FG association.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S10"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p id="P27">In this meta-analysis of 21 Stage 1 discovery GWAS cohorts followed by targeted Stage 2 replication of 25 loci in 33 additional cohorts (totaling up to 122,743 non-diabetic participants), we report the novel genome-wide significant associations of SNPs in or near <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>MADD</italic>, <italic>ADRA2A</italic>, <italic>CRY2</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic>, <italic>GLIS3</italic>, <italic>SLC2A2</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic> and <italic>FAM148B</italic> with FG and one SNP near <italic>IGF1</italic> with FI and HOMA-IR. We have also confirmed associations of variants in <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic>, <italic>G6PC2</italic> and <italic>MTNR1B</italic> with FG, and achieved genome-wide significance for the recently reported <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic> locus<xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref> and for variants in the known T2D-associated <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic>. All of the FG-associated SNPs demonstrate consistent nominal associations with HOMA-B; and those in <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>G6PC2</italic>, <italic>MTNR1B</italic>, <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic>, <italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>FADS1</italic> and <italic>GLIS3</italic> do so at genome-wide significant levels. As previously reported<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>,<xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>, <italic>GCKR</italic> is also associated with FI and HOMA-IR.</p><p id="P28">Importantly, in addition to the established T2D-associated loci <italic>TCF7L2</italic>, <italic>SLC30A8</italic> and <italic>MTNR1B</italic>, five of the loci that are associated with elevated FG levels in non-diabetic individuals (<italic>ADCY5</italic>, <italic>GCK</italic>, <italic>GCKR</italic>, <italic>PROX1</italic> and <italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic>) also increase the risk of T2D in separate T2D case-control studies. However, this overlap is incomplete and highlights that the magnitude of the effect on FG is not predictive of the effect on T2D risk, as shown when comparing FG and T2D effect sizes for <italic>MTNR1B</italic> and <italic>TCF7L2</italic>, or for <italic>ADCY5</italic> and <italic>MADD</italic> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). The latter two loci have similar effect sizes on FG and similar allele frequencies, and yet the former is robustly associated with T2D risk (OR 1.12, <italic>P</italic>=5.5×10<sup>−21</sup>) while the latter is not (OR 1.01, <italic>P</italic>=0.3) in the same samples. This suggests that not all loci associated with FG within the “physiological” range are also associated with “pathological” FG levels and T2D risk. Thus, variation in FG in healthy individuals is not necessarily an endophenotype for T2D, which posits the hypothesis that the mechanism by which glucose is raised, rather than a mere elevation in fasting glucose levels, is a key contributor to disease progression. On the other hand, we cannot rule out the existence of protective variants in loci where elevated FG does not progress to manifest T2D, or the effect of cohort selection in the detection of the loci with variable effects on FG and T2D risk. Nevertheless, this work shows that targeting quantitative traits in GWAS searches can help identify genetic determinants of overt disease.</p><p id="P29">With regard to insulin resistance, our analyses resulted in only one novel genome-wide significant locus associated with FI and HOMA-IR. The associated SNP rs35767 is 1.2 kb upstream of <italic>IGF1</italic>, raising the possibility that it may influence IGF1 expression levels (we have found no direct support for this notion in the limited eQTL data available). Although not reaching genome-wide-significance, we note that SNP rs4675095 in the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene (<italic>IRS1</italic>) was also associated with HOMA-IR (<italic>P</italic>=4.6×10<sup>−3</sup>), which given <italic>IRS1</italic>’s excellent biological credentials will warrant further investigation. This SNP is not in LD with the widely studied missense SNP G972R (rs1801278) nor with the newly discovered T2D SNP rs2943641<xref rid="R45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>, whose C risk allele was only nominally associated with increased FI (<italic>P</italic>=0.02) and HOMA-IR (<italic>P</italic>=0.04) in our discovery dataset. The previously reported associations of SNPs in <italic>PANK1</italic> with fasting insulin<xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref> did not receive strong support in our discovery cohorts (<italic>P</italic>=0.04 and 0.17 for rs11185790 and rs1075374, respectively).</p><p id="P30">Notably, our large-scale meta-analyses produced more than a dozen robust associations with FG and only two with FI/HOMA-IR (<italic>GCKR</italic> and <italic>IGF1</italic>). Although the somewhat smaller sample size for insulin may have contributed to this discrepancy, a comparison of the similarly-powered HOMA-B and HOMA-IR analyses reveals associations with HOMA-B several orders of magnitude more significant than those seen with HOMA-IR (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>). Because insulin itself is a component of the numerator in both measures, one cannot attribute this discrepancy to technical differences in insulin measurements across cohorts. Similarly, because the QQ plots are very similar for FI and HOMA-IR, we do not believe that the use of a mathematical formula (HOMA-IR) rather than a direct measurement (FI) has affected our analyses substantially. HOMA-B and HOMA-IR have comparable heritability estimates (0.26 and 0.27 in Framingham respectively) and their correlation is significant (r=0.55 in Framingham). Thus, not only there may be a difference in the identity of specific genetic determinants for each trait<xref rid="R46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>, but rather the genetic architecture may be distinct for each trait, with more modest effects, fewer loci, rarer variants or a stronger environmental modification underlying HOMA-IR. In addition, HOMA-IR (which is composed of fasting values) is an imperfect estimate of global insulin resistance, as it addresses mostly hepatic sensitivity to insulin and is partially affected by β-cell function: its heritability is lower than insulin sensitivity derived from the minimal model<xref rid="R47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>. Exploration of gene × environment interactions and analysis of datasets that include 2-hour glucose and insulin values may reveal other genetic factors that increase insulin resistance in humans<xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>.</p><p id="P31">In conclusion, a large-scale meta-analysis of GWAS has identified ten novel loci associated with glycemic traits whose in-depth physiological investigation should further our understanding of glucose homeostasis in humans and may reveal novel pathways for diabetes therapeutics.</p><boxed-text id="BX1" position="float"><sec id="S11"><title>BOX: GENES NEAREST TO LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH FASTING DIABETES-RELATED QUANTITATIVE TRAITS</title><p id="P32"><bold><italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic></bold> – This locus was recently reported to be associated with FG<xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>; here we report genome-wide significant replication of that finding and evaluate the genes mapping closest to the lead SNP in further detail. <italic>DGKB</italic> encodes the β (1 of 10) isotype of the catalytic domain of diacylglycerol kinase, which regulates the intracellular concentration of the second messenger diacylglycerol. In rat pancreatic islets glucose increases diacylglycerol<xref rid="R49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>, which activates protein kinase C (PKC) and thus potentiates insulin secretion<xref rid="R50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>. <italic>TMEM195</italic> encodes transmembrane protein 195, an integral membrane phosphoprotein highly expressed in liver.</p><p id="P33"><bold><italic>ADCY5</italic></bold> encodes adenylate cyclase 5, which catalyzes the generation of cAMP. Upon binding to its receptor in pancreatic β cells, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) induces cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A, transcription of the proinsulin gene and stimulation of insulin secretory processes<xref rid="R51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>.</p><p id="P34"><bold><italic>MADD</italic></bold> encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain, an adaptor protein that interacts with the tumor necrosis factor α receptor to activate MAPK. Both PKC and MAPK have been implicated in the proliferation of β cells induced by GLP-1<xref rid="R51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>, suggesting that <italic>DGKB</italic> and <italic>MADD</italic> may contribute to β-cell mass and insulin secretion in this manner as well. Also in this region, <italic>SLC39A13</italic> encodes a putative zinc transporter required for connective tissue development and BMP/TGF-β signaling<xref rid="R52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>. <italic>NR1H3</italic> encodes the liver X receptor alpha (LXRA) protein, which contains the retinoid response element. Glucose stimulates the transcriptional activity of LXR, which acts as a molecular switch that integrates hepatic glucose metabolism and fatty acid synthesis<xref rid="R53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>.</p><p id="P35"><bold><italic>ADRA2A</italic></bold> encodes the α<sub>2A</sub> adrenergic receptor, which is expressed in β cells and whose activation leads to an outward potassium current independent of the islet K<sub>ATP</sub> channel, thus possibly modifying insulin release<xref rid="R54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>. Mice with null mutations display abnormal glucose homeostasis in addition to cardiac hypertrophy and abnormal heart rate and blood pressure.</p><p id="P36"><bold><italic>FADS1</italic></bold> encodes fatty acid desaturase 1, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. One such product is arachidonic acid; in rodent β cells, arachidonic acid liberated by phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> augments glucose-mediated insulin release<xref rid="R55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>. Two other members of the same family, <italic>FADS2</italic> and <italic>FADS3</italic>, also reside in this region. By directing fatty acids down this metabolic pathway, increased activity of these enzymes may lower circulating triglyceride concentrations.</p><p id="P37"><bold><italic>CRY2</italic></bold> encodes cryptochrome 2, an integral component of the mammalian circadian pacemaker<xref rid="R56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>. Mice with null mutations in this gene present with abnormal circadian rhythmicity and several metabolic abnormalities including impaired glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased body weight and adipose tissue, and abnormal heart rate. Together with <italic>MTNR1B</italic><xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>–<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref> this is the second circadian gene associated with FG in humans, contributing further evidence to this emerging pathway regulating glucose homeostasis<xref rid="R57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>. In the same region, <italic>MAPK8IP1</italic> encodes the scaffolding protein JIP1. Cross-talk between JIP1 and JIP3 has been implicated in the regulation of ASK1-SEK1-JNK signaling during glucose deprivation<xref rid="R58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>. A missense mutation in this gene (S59N) segregates with diabetes in one family affected with a Mendelian form of the disease<xref rid="R59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>.</p><p id="P38"><bold><italic>SLC2A2</italic></bold> encodes the GLUT2 transporter responsible for transport of glucose into β cells and triggering the glucose-mediated insulin secretion cascade. In humans, recessive mutations in this gene lead to Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, proximal renal tubular dysfunction and impaired utilization of glucose and galactose<xref rid="R60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>; mouse mutants also display hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose homeostasis<xref rid="R61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>.</p><p id="P39"><bold><italic>GLIS3</italic></bold> encodes the transcription factor GLIS family zinc finger 3 isoform, a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein that both activates and represses transcription and participates in β-cell ontogeny<xref rid="R62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>,<xref rid="R63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>. Functional mutations in this gene cause a syndrome of neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism<xref rid="R63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>. Polymorphisms within this gene have recently been associated with type 1 diabetes risk (t1dgc.org).</p><p id="P40"><bold><italic>PROX1</italic></bold> encodes the prospero homeobox protein 1, a novel co-repressor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α<xref rid="R64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref> that plays a crucial role in β-cell development; mutations in its target gene <italic>HNF4A</italic> cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 1<xref rid="R65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>.</p><p id="P41"><bold><italic>FAM148B</italic></bold> encodes the nuclear localized factor 2 (NLF2). It is expressed in endothelial cells and up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines<xref rid="R66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>. As shown here, it has a high level of expression in the pancreas, although its putative molecular connection with glucose homeostasis is presently unclear.</p><p id="P42"><bold><italic>IGF1</italic></bold> encodes the insulin-like growth factor 1, the sole genome-wide significant locus associated with HOMA-IR in our study. Humans and mice null for igf1 display abnormal glucose homeostasis, with insulin resistance, increased circulating insulin and insensitivity to growth hormone<xref rid="R67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>.</p></sec></boxed-text></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="SM"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD1"><label>1</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS259059-supplement-1.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e4927" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD2"><label>2</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS259059-supplement-2.xls" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="vnd.ms-excel" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e4931" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SD3"><label>3</label><media xlink:href="NIHMS259059-supplement-3.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf" xlink:type="simple" id="d37e4935" position="anchor"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><collab>American Diabetes Association</collab><article-title>The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus</article-title><source>Diabetes Care</source><year>2003</year><volume>26</volume><fpage>3160</fpage><lpage>3167</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14578255</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="R2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Coutinho</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Gerstein</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Yusuf</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. 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For each of the <italic>ADCY5</italic> (a), <italic>MADD</italic> (b), <italic>ADRA2A</italic> (c), <italic>FADS1</italic> (d), <italic>CRY2</italic> (e), <italic>SLC2A2</italic> (f), <italic>GLIS3</italic> (g), <italic>PROX1</italic> (h), <italic>FAM148B</italic> (i) and <italic>IGF1</italic> (j) regions, directly genotyped and imputed SNPs are plotted with their meta-analysis <italic>P</italic> values (as –log10 values) as a function of genomic position (NCBI Build 35). In each panel, the Stage 1 discovery SNP taken forward to Stage 2 replication is represented by a blue diamond (with global meta-analysis <italic>P</italic> value), with its Stage 1 discovery <italic>P</italic> value denoted by a red diamond. Estimated recombination rates (taken from HapMap) are plotted to reflect the local LD structure around the associated SNPs and their correlated proxies (according to a white to red scale from r<sup>2</sup> = 0 to 1, based on pairwise r<sup>2</sup> values from HapMap CEU). Gene annotations were taken from the University of California Santa Cruz genome browser.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms259059f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p id="P44">Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots for fasting glucose (FG) (a), β-cell function by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B) (b), fasting insulin (FI) (c), and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) (d). In each plot, the expected null distribution is plotted along the red diagonal, the entire distribution of observed <italic>P</italic> values is plotted in black, and a distribution that excludes the ten novel findings in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref> is plotted in green. For FG and HOMA-B, the distribution that excludes the four genome-wide significant FG-associated loci (<italic>GCK, GCKR, G6PC2</italic> and <italic>MTNR1B</italic>) is plotted in blue. A comparison of the observed <italic>P</italic> values for each trait shows that FG/HOMA-B associations are much more likely to be detected than FI/HOMA-IR associations.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms259059f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p id="P45">Variation in levels of fasting glucose depending on the number of risk alleles at novel loci, weighted by effect size in an aggregate genotype score for the Framingham Heart Study. The bar plots show the average and standard error of fasting glucose in mmol/L for each value of the genotype score based on the regression coefficient (right Y axis), and the histogram denotes the number of individuals in each genotype score category (left Y axis). Comparable results were obtained for the NFBC 1966 and ARIC cohorts. On average, the range spans ~0.4 mmol/L (~7.2 mg/dl) from low to high genotype score.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="nihms259059f3"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p id="P46">SNPs associated with fasting glucose-related or insulin-related traits at genome-wide significance levels</p></caption><table frame="below" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1">Glucose/HOMA-B selected SNPs</th><th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1">Fasting glucose</th><th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1">HOMA-B</th></tr><tr><th align="center" colspan="12" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest gene(s)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<break></break>(effect/<break></break>other)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Freq</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Discovery<break></break><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I<sup>2</sup><break></break>estimate<break></break>(<italic>P</italic> value)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint<break></break>analysis N</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Discovery<break></break><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I<sup>2</sup><break></break>estimate<break></break>(<italic>P</italic> value)</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global<break></break><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joint<break></break>analysis N</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs560887</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>G6PC2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4×10<sup>−75</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31 (0.18)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7×10<sup>−218</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119,169</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0×10<sup>−28</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54 (0.01)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5×10<sup>−66</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,839</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10830963</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MTNR1B</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2×10<sup>−68</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8×10<sup>−175</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112,844</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8×10<sup>−22</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45 (0.03)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7×10<sup>−43</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,364</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4607517</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GCK</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5×10<sup>−36</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19 (0.46)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5×10<sup>−92</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,500</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 (0.12)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,112</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs2191349</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8×10<sup>−17</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10 (0.68)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0×10<sup>−44</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122,743</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4×10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09 (0.71)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8×10<sup>−17</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98,372</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs780094</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GCKR</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5×10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6×10<sup>−38</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32 (0.18)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,990</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11708067</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADCY5</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7×10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 (0.89)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1×10<sup>−22</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,475</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37 (0.10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5×10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,212</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7944584</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>MADD</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5×10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0×10<sup>−18</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,741</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16 (0.51)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5×10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,408</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs10885122</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>ADRA2A</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.4×10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9×10<sup>−16</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,410</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11 (0.66)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,128</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs174550</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FADS1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7×10<sup>−15</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118,908</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5×10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01 (0.99)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2×10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,536</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11605924</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>CRY2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5×10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−14</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,479</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03 (0.94)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2×10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,326</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11920090</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SLC2A2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1×10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119,024</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 (0.11)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,629</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs7034200</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GLIS3</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106,250</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19 (0.46)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2×10<sup>−13</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83,759</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs340874</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>PROX1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6×10<sup>−12</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116,882</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7×10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92,942</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11071657</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>FAM148B</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8×10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00 (1.00)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114,454</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08 (0.73)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90,675</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs11558471</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SLC30A8</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6×10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45,996</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36,283</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs4506565</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>TCF7L2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46,181</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4×10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36,461</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><bold>Insulin/HOMA-IR selected SNPs</bold></td><td align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><bold>Fasting insulin</bold></td><td align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><bold>HOMA-IR</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs780094</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>GCKR</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1×10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14 (0.57)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6×10<sup>−20</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96,126</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.9×10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25 (0.32)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0×10<sup>−24</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,636</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rs35767</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>IGF1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0×10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17 (0.50)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94,590</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8×10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26 (0.28)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2×10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,141</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><p id="P47">Directly genotyped and imputed SNPs were tested for association with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Twenty one discovery cohorts with genome-wide data were meta-analyzed (Stage 1 discovery) and 25 SNPs were promoted for replication of the same trait in a set of 33 additional cohorts with <italic>in silico</italic> (N=7) or <italic>de novo</italic> (N=26) genotype data (N=31 for fasting insulin, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR; for Stage 2 replication <italic>P</italic>-values and effect sizes see <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). A joint analysis was then performed (global). Heterogeneity in the discovery sample was assessed using the I<sup>2</sup> index<xref rid="R48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>. Replication was not attempted for SNPs in two known type 2 diabetes genes (<italic>SLC30A8</italic> and <italic>TCF7L2</italic>) which achieved genome-wide significance for FG in Stage 1. Freq denotes the allele frequency of the glucose-raising allele. N=sample size. Note that the previously reported <italic>GCKR</italic> SNP has associations with glucose-related and insulin-related traits.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p id="P48">Association of novel SNPs with glycemic traits in MAGIC and type 2 diabetes replication meta-analyses</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest gene(s)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<break></break>(effect/<break></break>other)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting<break></break>glucose<break></break>(mmol/L)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HOMA-B</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting insulin<break></break>(pmol/L)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HOMA-IR</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HbA<sub>1c</sub> (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2-hr glucose<break></break>(mmol/L)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2-hr insulin<break></break>(pmol/L)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type 2<break></break>diabetes<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">^</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs560887</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>G6PC2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.075 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.042 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017 (0.020)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.031 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97 (0.95–0.99)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5 × 10<sup>−122</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6 × 10<sup>−29</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 × 10<sup>−17</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs10830963</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>MTNR1B</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.067 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.034 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.056 (0.022)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.034 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 (1.06–1.12)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 × 10<sup>−102</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 × 10<sup>−22</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs4607517</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GCK</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.062 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.025 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.006)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.006)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.041 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.097 (0.026)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.012 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07 (1.05–1.10)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 × 10<sup>−44</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 × 10<sup>−19</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs2191349</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>DGKB/TMEM195</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.017 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000 (0.019)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 (1.04–1.08)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3 × 10<sup>−29</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs780094</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GCKR</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.091 (0.019)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 (1.04–1.08)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 × 10<sup>−24</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6 × 10<sup>−19</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 × 10<sup>−20</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11708067</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>ADCY5</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.023 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.011 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.094 (0.023)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12 (1.09–1.15)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 × 10<sup>−14</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.9 × 10<sup>−21</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs7944584</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>MADD</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.021 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.017 (0.022)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.019 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (0.99–1.03)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs10885122</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>ADRA2A</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.010 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.030)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.051 (0.019)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 (1.01–1.07)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs174550</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>FADS1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.020 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.011 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.019)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.003 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 (1.02–1.06)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.3 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.053</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11605924</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>CRY2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.005 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023 (0.018)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 (1.02–1.06)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11920090</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>SLC2A2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.012 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.027)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.022 (0.016)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (0.99–1.04)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs7034200</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GLIS3</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.020 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.014 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037 (0.018)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.03 (1.01–1.05)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9 × 10<sup>−9</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs340874</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>PROX1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.008 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030 (0.020)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07 (1.05–1.09)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11071657</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>FAM148B</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.013 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.009 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.065 (0.020)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.03 (1.01–1.05)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs13266634</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>SLC30A8</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.016 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.004 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093 (0.022)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.011 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15 (1.10–1.21)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5 × 10<sup>−10</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs7903146</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>TCF7L2</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.02 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.012 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.118 (0.021)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40 (1.34–1.46)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 × 10<sup>−7</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6 × 10<sup>−8</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2 × 10<sup>−51</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs35767</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>IGF1</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.006)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.006)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.027 (0.025)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.016)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 (1.01–1.07)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.050</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="12" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Sample size for each trait</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45,049–76,558</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35,435–61,907</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37,199–62,264</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35,901–62,001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33,718–44,856</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15,221–15,234</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,051–7,062</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40,655 cases/87,022 controls</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN2"><label>*</label><p id="P49">Per-allele effect (SE) for quantitative traits was estimated from Stage 2 replication samples for fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and from discovery meta-analyses of MAGIC GWAS for glycated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>), 2-hour glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test (BMI-adjusted) and 2-hour insulin (BMI-adjusted). For the first four traits, the regression coefficients are obtained from the replication cohorts so as to avoid an overestimate of the effect size caused by the “winner’s curse”. Results from replication samples were unavailable for rs7903146 and rs13266634, thus discovery meta-analysis results are shown for both SNPs for fasting glucose (N=45,049–45,051), HOMA-B (N=35,435–35,437), fasting insulin (N=37,199–37,201) and HOMA-IR (N=35,901–35,903).</p></fn><fn id="TFN3"><label>^</label><p id="P50">Replication genotyping was undertaken in 27 independent type 2 diabetes (T2D) case/control samples for all except the <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic> signals.</p></fn><fn id="TFN4"><label>#</label><p id="P51">Association with T2D for SNPs in <italic>TCF7L2</italic> and <italic>SLC30A8</italic> loci was estimated from the DIAGRAM+ meta-analysis for a total of 8,130 cases/38,987 controls. For these
loci we have included data on the most commonly associated SNPs with T2D in previously published data.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p id="P52">Association of novel SNPs with related metabolic traits in other GWAS datasets</p></caption><table frame="void" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SNP</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest<break></break>gene</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alleles<break></break>(effect/<break></break>other)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diastolic blood<break></break>pressure<break></break>(mm Hg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Systolic blood<break></break>pressure<break></break>(mm Hg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hypertension</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HDL</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LDL</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total<break></break>cholesterol</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Triglycerides</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs560887</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>G6PC2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.013 (0.010)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.146 (0.091)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.105 (0.135)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.023 (0.028)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.004 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs10830963</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>MTNR1B</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.010)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.034 (0.098)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.088 (0.146)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.003 (0.030)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.015 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.014)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.004 (0.007)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs4607517</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GCK</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.136 (0.111)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.128 (0.165)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.013 (0.033)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012 (0.014)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.007)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs2191349</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>DGKB/</italic><break></break><italic>TMEM195</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/G</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.075 (0.082)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.046 (0.122)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.025)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 (0.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs780094</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GCKR</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052 (0.084)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.124)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020 (0.025)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.019 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.055 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7×10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6 × 10<sup>−27</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11708067</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>ADCY5</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.010 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.056 (0.104)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.047 (0.156)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028 (0.031)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004(0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.014 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.013 (0.013)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.003 (0.006)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs7944584</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>MADD</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023 (0.010)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.208 (0.093)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.170 (0.140)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.038 (0.028)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.013 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.016 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.006)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs10885122</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>ADRA2A</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.021 (0.014)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.079 (0.131)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.168 (0.193)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.073 (0.039)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01 (0.007)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.019 (0.02)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.02 (0.021)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.02 (0.01)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs174550</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>FADS1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.208 (0.086)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.108 (0.128)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.026)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046 (0.010)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.025 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 × 10<sup>−5</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9 × 10<sup>−6</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">rs11605924</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><italic>CRY2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.123 (0.082)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.003 (0.123)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004 (0.025)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.009 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11920090</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>SLC2A2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">T/A</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.034 (0.117)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.023 (0.174)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.030 (0.036)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.004 (0.014)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.009 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.015 (0.007)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs7034200</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>GLIS3</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093 (0.082)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.087 (0.122)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.025)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002(0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 (0.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.3 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">rs340874</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><italic>PROX1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.113 (0.085)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093 (0.127)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029 (0.026)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.003)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 (0.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs11071657</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>FAM148B</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.010)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.132 (0.091)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.007 (0.135)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020 (0.028)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.004 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs13266634</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>SLC30A8</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.026 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.081 (0.094)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.072 (0.139)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010 (0.029)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013 (0.011)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.005)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">rs7903146</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1"><italic>TCF7L2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="bottom" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.033 (0.009)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026 (0.091)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025 (0.137)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.028)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005 (0.004)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006 (0.006)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4 × 10<sup>−4</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.53</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">rs35767</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1"><italic>IGF1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.012)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.102 (0.113)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.078 (0.167)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.005 (0.034)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003 (0.005)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.009 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.012 (0.015)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002 (0.007)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.556</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.519</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.425</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.839</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> N</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28,225–<break></break>32,530</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28,591–34,130</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28,557–<break></break>34,135</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8145–9553<break></break>cases<break></break>8175–9749<break></break>controls</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21,045</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17,521</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17,529</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21,104</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN5"><label>*</label><p id="P53">Per-allele effect (SE). Results for BMI, blood pressure traits and lipid levels were kindly provided by the GIANT <xref rid="R31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>, GlobalBPGen <xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref> and ENGAGE <xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref> consortia respectively.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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