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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults</title><author><name sortKey="Graff, Mariaelisa" sort="Graff, Mariaelisa" uniqKey="Graff M" first="Mariaelisa" last="Graff">Mariaelisa Graff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Kristin L" sort="Young, Kristin L" uniqKey="Young K" first="Kristin L." last="Young">Kristin L. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barata, Llilda" sort="Barata, Llilda" uniqKey="Barata L" first="Llilda" last="Barata">Llilda Barata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W." last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Audrey Y" sort="Chu, Audrey Y" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Audrey Y." last="Chu">Audrey Y. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadley, David" sort="Hadley, David" uniqKey="Hadley D" first="David" last="Hadley">David Hadley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Luting" sort="Xue, Luting" uniqKey="Xue L" first="Luting" last="Xue">Luting Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" sort="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" uniqKey="Workalemahu T" first="Tsegaselassie" last="Workalemahu">Tsegaselassie Workalemahu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L." last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Hoed, Marcel" sort="Den Hoed, Marcel" uniqKey="Den Hoed M" first="Marcel" last="Den Hoed">Marcel Den Hoed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer S." last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Qibin" sort="Qi, Qibin" uniqKey="Qi Q" first="Qibin" last="Qi">Qibin Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff016"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngwa, Julius S" sort="Ngwa, Julius S" uniqKey="Ngwa J" first="Julius S." last="Ngwa">Julius S. Ngwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Howard University, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renström">Frida Renström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quaye, Lydia" sort="Quaye, Lydia" uniqKey="Quaye L" first="Lydia" last="Quaye">Lydia Quaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eicher, John D" sort="Eicher, John D" uniqKey="Eicher J" first="John D." last="Eicher">John D. Eicher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, James E" sort="Hayes, James E" uniqKey="Hayes J" first="James E." last="Hayes">James E. Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelis, Marilyn" sort="Cornelis, Marilyn" uniqKey="Cornelis M" first="Marilyn" last="Cornelis">Marilyn Cornelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltan" last="Kutalik">Zoltan Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Elise" sort="Lim, Elise" uniqKey="Lim E" first="Elise" last="Lim">Elise Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, Paula J" sort="Griffin, Paula J" uniqKey="Griffin P" first="Paula J." last="Griffin">Paula J. Griffin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Shafqat" sort="Ahmad, Shafqat" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Shafqat" last="Ahmad">Shafqat Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro M" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro M" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro M." last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro M. Marques-Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bien, Stephanie" sort="Bien, Stephanie" uniqKey="Bien S" first="Stephanie" last="Bien">Stephanie Bien</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loic" last="Yengo">Loic Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harder, Marie Neergaard" sort="Harder, Marie Neergaard" uniqKey="Harder M" first="Marie Neergaard" last="Harder">Marie Neergaard Harder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justesen, Johanne Marie" sort="Justesen, Johanne Marie" uniqKey="Justesen J" first="Johanne Marie" last="Justesen">Johanne Marie Justesen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hollensted, Mette" sort="Hollensted, Mette" uniqKey="Hollensted M" first="Mette" last="Hollensted">Mette Hollensted</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohman, Kurt" sort="Lohman, Kurt" uniqKey="Lohman K" first="Kurt" last="Lohman">Kurt Lohman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivera, Natalia V" sort="Rivera, Natalia V" uniqKey="Rivera N" first="Natalia V." last="Rivera">Natalia V. Rivera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Karolinska Institutet, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M." last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huppertz, Charlotte" sort="Huppertz, Charlotte" uniqKey="Huppertz C" first="Charlotte" last="Huppertz">Charlotte Huppertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyrot, Wouter J" sort="Peyrot, Wouter J" uniqKey="Peyrot W" first="Wouter J." last="Peyrot">Wouter J. Peyrot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bielak, Lawrence F" sort="Bielak, Lawrence F" uniqKey="Bielak L" first="Lawrence F." last="Bielak">Lawrence F. Bielak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cadby, Gemma" sort="Cadby, Gemma" uniqKey="Cadby G" first="Gemma" last="Cadby">Gemma Cadby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Most, Peter J" sort="Van Der Most, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Most P" first="Peter J." last="Van Der Most">Peter J. Van Der Most</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marten, Jonathan" sort="Marten, Jonathan" uniqKey="Marten J" first="Jonathan" last="Marten">Jonathan Marten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasko, Dorota" sort="Pasko, Dorota" uniqKey="Pasko D" first="Dorota" last="Pasko">Dorota Pasko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snitker, S Ren" sort="Snitker, S Ren" uniqKey="Snitker S" first="S Ren" last="Snitker">S Ren Snitker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yu Ching" sort="Cheng, Yu Ching" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yu-Ching" last="Cheng">Yu-Ching Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Joel" sort="Eriksson, Joel" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Joel" last="Eriksson">Joel Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Unhee" sort="Lim, Unhee" uniqKey="Lim U" first="Unhee" last="Lim">Unhee Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aadahl, Mette" sort="Aadahl, Mette" uniqKey="Aadahl M" first="Mette" last="Aadahl">Mette Aadahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S." last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff075"><addr-line>INSERM U-1018, CESP, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auvinen, Juha" sort="Auvinen, Juha" uniqKey="Auvinen J" first="Juha" last="Auvinen">Juha Auvinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N." last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertoni, Alain G" sort="Bertoni, Alain G" uniqKey="Bertoni A" first="Alain G." last="Bertoni">Alain G. Bertoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L." last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borja, Judith B" sort="Borja, Judith B" uniqKey="Borja J" first="Judith B." last="Borja">Judith B. Borja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff088"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brage, S Ren" sort="Brage, S Ren" uniqKey="Brage S" first="S Ren" last="Brage">S Ren Brage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busonero, Fabio" sort="Busonero, Fabio" uniqKey="Busonero F" first="Fabio" last="Busonero">Fabio Busonero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buyske, Steve" sort="Buyske, Steve" uniqKey="Buyske S" first="Steve" last="Buyske">Steve Buyske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff090"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S." last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corre, Tanguy" sort="Corre, Tanguy" uniqKey="Corre T" first="Tanguy" last="Corre">Tanguy Corre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela E" sort="Delgado, Graciela E" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela E." last="Delgado">Graciela E. Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dueker, Nicole" sort="Dueker, Nicole" uniqKey="Dueker N" first="Nicole" last="Dueker">Nicole Dueker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff094"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebeling, Tapani" sort="Ebeling, Tapani" uniqKey="Ebeling T" first="Tapani" last="Ebeling">Tapani Ebeling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" sort="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" uniqKey="Eiriksdottir G" first="Gudny" last="Eiriksdottir">Gudny Eiriksdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faul, Jessica D" sort="Faul, Jessica D" uniqKey="Faul J" first="Jessica D." last="Faul">Jessica D. Faul</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Mao" sort="Fu, Mao" uniqKey="Fu M" first="Mao" last="Fu">Mao Fu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="F Rch, Kristine" sort="F Rch, Kristine" uniqKey="F Rch K" first="Kristine" last="F Rch">Kristine F Rch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gl Ser, Sven" sort="Gl Ser, Sven" uniqKey="Gl Ser S" first="Sven" last="Gl Ser">Sven Gl Ser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Jian" sort="Gong, Jian" uniqKey="Gong J" first="Jian" last="Gong">Jian Gong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon Larsen, Penny" sort="Gordon Larsen, Penny" uniqKey="Gordon Larsen P" first="Penny" last="Gordon-Larsen">Penny Gordon-Larsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B." last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Grootheest, Gerard" sort="Van Grootheest, Gerard" uniqKey="Van Grootheest G" first="Gerard" last="Van Grootheest">Gerard Van Grootheest</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harald, Kennet" sort="Harald, Kennet" uniqKey="Harald K" first="Kennet" last="Harald">Kennet Harald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D." last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hindorff, Lucia" sort="Hindorff, Lucia" uniqKey="Hindorff L" first="Lucia" last="Hindorff">Lucia Hindorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><addr-line>Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocking, Lynne J" sort="Hocking, Lynne J" uniqKey="Hocking L" first="Lynne J." last="Hocking">Lynne J. Hocking</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><addr-line>Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmens, Oddgeir L" sort="Holmens, Oddgeir L" uniqKey="Holmens O" first="Oddgeir L." last="Holmens">Oddgeir L. Holmens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><addr-line>St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holzapfel, Christina" sort="Holzapfel, Christina" uniqKey="Holzapfel C" first="Christina" last="Holzapfel">Christina Holzapfel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Jie" sort="Huang, Jie" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jie" last="Huang">Jie Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Tao" sort="Huang, Tao" uniqKey="Huang T" first="Tao" last="Huang">Tao Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huth, Cornelia" sort="Huth, Cornelia" uniqKey="Huth C" first="Cornelia" last="Huth">Cornelia Huth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L." last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansson, John Olov" sort="Jansson, John Olov" uniqKey="Jansson J" first="John-Olov" last="Jansson">John-Olov Jansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jhun, Min A" sort="Jhun, Min A" uniqKey="Jhun M" first="Min A." last="Jhun">Min A. Jhun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juonala, Markus" sort="Juonala, Markus" uniqKey="Juonala M" first="Markus" last="Juonala">Markus Juonala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koistinen, Heikki A" sort="Koistinen, Heikki A" uniqKey="Koistinen H" first="Heikki A." last="Koistinen">Heikki A. Koistinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komulainen, Pirjo" sort="Komulainen, Pirjo" uniqKey="Komulainen P" first="Pirjo" last="Komulainen">Pirjo Komulainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kval Y, Kirsti" sort="Kval Y, Kirsti" uniqKey="Kval Y K" first="Kirsti" last="Kval Y">Kirsti Kval Y</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore J" sort="Launer, Lenore J" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore J." last="Launer">Lenore J. Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehne, Benjamin" sort="Lehne, Benjamin" uniqKey="Lehne B" first="Benjamin" last="Lehne">Benjamin Lehne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><addr-line>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luben, Robert" sort="Luben, Robert" uniqKey="Luben R" first="Robert" last="Luben">Robert Luben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>INSERM U-1138, Équipe 2: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Vascular and Renal diseases Related to Diabetes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milaneschi, Yuri" sort="Milaneschi, Yuri" uniqKey="Milaneschi Y" first="Yuri" last="Milaneschi">Yuri Milaneschi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L." last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Moor, Marleen H M" sort="De Moor, Marleen H M" uniqKey="De Moor M" first="Marleen H. M." last="De Moor">Marleen H. M. De Moor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulas, Antonella" sort="Mulas, Antonella" uniqKey="Mulas A" first="Antonella" last="Mulas">Antonella Mulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, A W" sort="Musk, A W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="A. W." last="Musk">A. W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnikko, Reija" sort="M Nnikko, Reija" uniqKey="M Nnikko R" first="Reija" last="M Nnikkö">Reija M Nnikkö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nauck, Matthias" sort="Nauck, Matthias" uniqKey="Nauck M" first="Matthias" last="Nauck">Matthias Nauck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nettleton, Jennifer A" sort="Nettleton, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Nettleton J" first="Jennifer A." last="Nettleton">Jennifer A. Nettleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J." last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olden, Matthias" sort="Olden, Matthias" uniqKey="Olden M" first="Matthias" last="Olden">Matthias Olden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" sort="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" uniqKey="Padmanabhan S" first="Sandosh" last="Padmanabhan">Sandosh Padmanabhan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, Jeremiah" sort="Perez, Jeremiah" uniqKey="Perez J" first="Jeremiah" last="Perez">Jeremiah Perez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><addr-line>University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyser, Patricia A" sort="Peyser, Patricia A" uniqKey="Peyser P" first="Patricia A." last="Peyser">Patricia A. Peyser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><addr-line>Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puolijoki, Hannu" sort="Puolijoki, Hannu" uniqKey="Puolijoki H" first="Hannu" last="Puolijoki">Hannu Puolijoki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" sort="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" uniqKey="Rasmussen Torvik L" first="Laura J." last="Rasmussen-Torvik">Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawal, Rajesh" sort="Rawal, Rajesh" uniqKey="Rawal R" first="Rajesh" last="Rawal">Rajesh Rawal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M." last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarti, Cinzia" sort="Sarti, Cinzia" uniqKey="Sarti C" first="Cinzia" last="Sarti">Cinzia Sarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Social Services and Health Care Department, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Savonen, Kai" sort="Savonen, Kai" uniqKey="Savonen K" first="Kai" last="Savonen">Kai Savonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidney, Steve" sort="Sidney, Steve" uniqKey="Sidney S" first="Steve" last="Sidney">Steve Sidney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silbernagel, Gunther" sort="Silbernagel, Gunther" uniqKey="Silbernagel G" first="Günther" last="Silbernagel">Günther Silbernagel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><addr-line>Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Blair H" sort="Smith, Blair H" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Blair H." last="Smith">Blair H. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jennifer A" sort="Smith, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jennifer A." last="Smith">Jennifer A. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sternfeld, Barbara" sort="Sternfeld, Barbara" uniqKey="Sternfeld B" first="Barbara" last="Sternfeld">Barbara Sternfeld</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tammelin, Tuija" sort="Tammelin, Tuija" uniqKey="Tammelin T" first="Tuija" last="Tammelin">Tuija Tammelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><addr-line>LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Sian Tsung" sort="Tan, Sian Tsung" uniqKey="Tan S" first="Sian-Tsung" last="Tan">Sian-Tsung Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thuillier, Dorothee" sort="Thuillier, Dorothee" uniqKey="Thuillier D" first="Dorothée" last="Thuillier">Dorothée Thuillier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vestergaard, Henrik" sort="Vestergaard, Henrik" uniqKey="Vestergaard H" first="Henrik" last="Vestergaard">Henrik Vestergaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V." last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah" sort="Wild, Sarah" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah" last="Wild">Sarah Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zubair, Niha" sort="Zubair, Niha" uniqKey="Zubair N" first="Niha" last="Zubair">Niha Zubair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemarchand, Loic" sort="Lemarchand, Loic" uniqKey="Lemarchand L" first="Loic" last="Lemarchand">Loic Lemarchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A." last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kardia, Sharon L R" sort="Kardia, Sharon L R" uniqKey="Kardia S" first="Sharon L. R." last="Kardia">Sharon L. R. Kardia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W J H" sort="Penninx, Brenda W J H" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W. J. H." last="Penninx">Brenda W. J. H. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J. C." last="De Geus">Eco J. C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><addr-line>Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivim Ki, Mika" sort="Kivim Ki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivim Ki M" first="Mika" last="Kivim Ki">Mika Kivim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><addr-line>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weir, David R" sort="Weir, David R" uniqKey="Weir D" first="David R." last="Weir">David R. Weir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porteous, David J" sort="Porteous, David J" uniqKey="Porteous D" first="David J." last="Porteous">David J. Porteous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><addr-line>Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Gonçalo R." last="Abecasis">Gonçalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><addr-line>The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M." last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><addr-line>Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S." last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ching Ti" sort="Liu, Ching Ti" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Ching-Ti" last="Liu">Ching-Ti Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Robert J" sort="Klein, Robert J" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Robert J." last="Klein">Robert J. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Andrew D" sort="Johnson, Andrew D" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Andrew D." last="Johnson">Andrew D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas O." last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas O. Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28448500</idno><idno type="pmc">5407576</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407576</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5407576</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002868</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002868</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults</title><author><name sortKey="Graff, Mariaelisa" sort="Graff, Mariaelisa" uniqKey="Graff M" first="Mariaelisa" last="Graff">Mariaelisa Graff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justice, Anne E" sort="Justice, Anne E" uniqKey="Justice A" first="Anne E." last="Justice">Anne E. Justice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Kristin L" sort="Young, Kristin L" uniqKey="Young K" first="Kristin L." last="Young">Kristin L. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feitosa, Mary F" sort="Feitosa, Mary F" uniqKey="Feitosa M" first="Mary F." last="Feitosa">Mary F. Feitosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barata, Llilda" sort="Barata, Llilda" uniqKey="Barata L" first="Llilda" last="Barata">Llilda Barata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W." last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Audrey Y" sort="Chu, Audrey Y" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Audrey Y." last="Chu">Audrey Y. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadley, David" sort="Hadley, David" uniqKey="Hadley D" first="David" last="Hadley">David Hadley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Luting" sort="Xue, Luting" uniqKey="Xue L" first="Luting" last="Xue">Luting Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" sort="Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie" uniqKey="Workalemahu T" first="Tsegaselassie" last="Workalemahu">Tsegaselassie Workalemahu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heard Costa, Nancy L" sort="Heard Costa, Nancy L" uniqKey="Heard Costa N" first="Nancy L." last="Heard-Costa">Nancy L. Heard-Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff012"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Hoed, Marcel" sort="Den Hoed, Marcel" uniqKey="Den Hoed M" first="Marcel" last="Den Hoed">Marcel Den Hoed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff013"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" sort="Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S" uniqKey="Ahluwalia T" first="Tarunveer S." last="Ahluwalia">Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Qibin" sort="Qi, Qibin" uniqKey="Qi Q" first="Qibin" last="Qi">Qibin Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff016"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngwa, Julius S" sort="Ngwa, Julius S" uniqKey="Ngwa J" first="Julius S." last="Ngwa">Julius S. Ngwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff017"><addr-line>Howard University, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renstrom, Frida" sort="Renstrom, Frida" uniqKey="Renstrom F" first="Frida" last="Renström">Frida Renström</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quaye, Lydia" sort="Quaye, Lydia" uniqKey="Quaye L" first="Lydia" last="Quaye">Lydia Quaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eicher, John D" sort="Eicher, John D" uniqKey="Eicher J" first="John D." last="Eicher">John D. Eicher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, James E" sort="Hayes, James E" uniqKey="Hayes J" first="James E." last="Hayes">James E. Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff022"><addr-line>Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelis, Marilyn" sort="Cornelis, Marilyn" uniqKey="Cornelis M" first="Marilyn" last="Cornelis">Marilyn Cornelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff025"><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltan" last="Kutalik">Zoltan Kutalik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff026"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Elise" sort="Lim, Elise" uniqKey="Lim E" first="Elise" last="Lim">Elise Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian N" sort="Luan, Jian N" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian N" last="Luan">Jian N Luan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wei" sort="Zhao, Wei" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wei" last="Zhao">Wei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, Paula J" sort="Griffin, Paula J" uniqKey="Griffin P" first="Paula J." last="Griffin">Paula J. Griffin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Toomas" sort="Haller, Toomas" uniqKey="Haller T" first="Toomas" last="Haller">Toomas Haller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Shafqat" sort="Ahmad, Shafqat" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Shafqat" last="Ahmad">Shafqat Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro M" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro M" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro M." last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro M. Marques-Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bien, Stephanie" sort="Bien, Stephanie" uniqKey="Bien S" first="Stephanie" last="Bien">Stephanie Bien</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loic" last="Yengo">Loic Yengo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Albert Vernon" sort="Smith, Albert Vernon" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Albert Vernon" last="Smith">Albert Vernon Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff040"><addr-line>ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harder, Marie Neergaard" sort="Harder, Marie Neergaard" uniqKey="Harder M" first="Marie Neergaard" last="Harder">Marie Neergaard Harder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Justesen, Johanne Marie" sort="Justesen, Johanne Marie" uniqKey="Justesen J" first="Johanne Marie" last="Justesen">Johanne Marie Justesen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleber, Marcus E" sort="Kleber, Marcus E" uniqKey="Kleber M" first="Marcus E." last="Kleber">Marcus E. Kleber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff042"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hollensted, Mette" sort="Hollensted, Mette" uniqKey="Hollensted M" first="Mette" last="Hollensted">Mette Hollensted</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohman, Kurt" sort="Lohman, Kurt" uniqKey="Lohman K" first="Kurt" last="Lohman">Kurt Lohman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff043"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivera, Natalia V" sort="Rivera, Natalia V" uniqKey="Rivera N" first="Natalia V." last="Rivera">Natalia V. Rivera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff044"><addr-line>Karolinska Institutet, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringham, Heather M" sort="Stringham, Heather M" uniqKey="Stringham H" first="Heather M." last="Stringham">Heather M. Stringham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" sort="Lyytik Inen, Leo Pekka" uniqKey="Lyytik Inen L" first="Leo-Pekka" last="Lyytik Inen">Leo-Pekka Lyytik Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huppertz, Charlotte" sort="Huppertz, Charlotte" uniqKey="Huppertz C" first="Charlotte" last="Huppertz">Charlotte Huppertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff051"><addr-line>Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemsen, Gonneke" sort="Willemsen, Gonneke" uniqKey="Willemsen G" first="Gonneke" last="Willemsen">Gonneke Willemsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyrot, Wouter J" sort="Peyrot, Wouter J" uniqKey="Peyrot W" first="Wouter J." last="Peyrot">Wouter J. Peyrot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ying" sort="Wu, Ying" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Ying" last="Wu">Ying Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansson, Kati" sort="Kristiansson, Kati" uniqKey="Kristiansson K" first="Kati" last="Kristiansson">Kati Kristiansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirkan, Ayse" sort="Demirkan, Ayse" uniqKey="Demirkan A" first="Ayse" last="Demirkan">Ayse Demirkan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff057"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornage, Myriam" sort="Fornage, Myriam" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="Myriam" last="Fornage">Myriam Fornage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff058"><addr-line>Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassinen, Maija" sort="Hassinen, Maija" uniqKey="Hassinen M" first="Maija" last="Hassinen">Maija Hassinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bielak, Lawrence F" sort="Bielak, Lawrence F" uniqKey="Bielak L" first="Lawrence F." last="Bielak">Lawrence F. Bielak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cadby, Gemma" sort="Cadby, Gemma" uniqKey="Cadby G" first="Gemma" last="Cadby">Gemma Cadby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff061"><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Toshiko" sort="Tanaka, Toshiko" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Toshiko" last="Tanaka">Toshiko Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff062"><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Most, Peter J" sort="Van Der Most, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Most P" first="Peter J." last="Van Der Most">Peter J. Van Der Most</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Anne U" sort="Jackson, Anne U" uniqKey="Jackson A" first="Anne U." last="Jackson">Anne U. Jackson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" sort="Bragg Gresham, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Bragg Gresham J" first="Jennifer L." last="Bragg-Gresham">Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitart, Veronique" sort="Vitart, Veronique" uniqKey="Vitart V" first="Veronique" last="Vitart">Veronique Vitart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marten, Jonathan" sort="Marten, Jonathan" uniqKey="Marten J" first="Jonathan" last="Marten">Jonathan Marten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Pau" sort="Navarro, Pau" uniqKey="Navarro P" first="Pau" last="Navarro">Pau Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellis, Claire" sort="Bellis, Claire" uniqKey="Bellis C" first="Claire" last="Bellis">Claire Bellis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff064"><addr-line>Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff065"><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasko, Dorota" sort="Pasko, Dorota" uniqKey="Pasko D" first="Dorota" last="Pasko">Dorota Pasko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Sa" sort="Johansson, Sa" uniqKey="Johansson " first=" Sa" last="Johansson"> Sa Johansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snitker, S Ren" sort="Snitker, S Ren" uniqKey="Snitker S" first="S Ren" last="Snitker">S Ren Snitker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yu Ching" sort="Cheng, Yu Ching" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yu-Ching" last="Cheng">Yu-Ching Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Joel" sort="Eriksson, Joel" uniqKey="Eriksson J" first="Joel" last="Eriksson">Joel Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Unhee" sort="Lim, Unhee" uniqKey="Lim U" first="Unhee" last="Lim">Unhee Lim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aadahl, Mette" sort="Aadahl, Mette" uniqKey="Aadahl M" first="Mette" last="Aadahl">Mette Aadahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S." last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Najaf" sort="Amin, Najaf" uniqKey="Amin N" first="Najaf" last="Amin">Najaf Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff075"><addr-line>INSERM U-1018, CESP, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auvinen, Juha" sort="Auvinen, Juha" uniqKey="Auvinen J" first="Juha" last="Auvinen">Juha Auvinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beilby, John" sort="Beilby, John" uniqKey="Beilby J" first="John" last="Beilby">John Beilby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff080"><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, Richard N" sort="Bergman, Richard N" uniqKey="Bergman R" first="Richard N." last="Bergman">Richard N. Bergman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff081"><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertoni, Alain G" sort="Bertoni, Alain G" uniqKey="Bertoni A" first="Alain G." last="Bertoni">Alain G. Bertoni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff084"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blangero, John" sort="Blangero, John" uniqKey="Blangero J" first="John" last="Blangero">John Blangero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff085"><addr-line>Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnycastle, Lori L" sort="Bonnycastle, Lori L" uniqKey="Bonnycastle L" first="Lori L." last="Bonnycastle">Lori L. Bonnycastle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borja, Judith B" sort="Borja, Judith B" uniqKey="Borja J" first="Judith B." last="Borja">Judith B. Borja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff087"><addr-line>USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff088"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brage, S Ren" sort="Brage, S Ren" uniqKey="Brage S" first="S Ren" last="Brage">S Ren Brage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busonero, Fabio" sort="Busonero, Fabio" uniqKey="Busonero F" first="Fabio" last="Busonero">Fabio Busonero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buyske, Steve" sort="Buyske, Steve" uniqKey="Buyske S" first="Steve" last="Buyske">Steve Buyske</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff090"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff091"><addr-line>Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chines, Peter S" sort="Chines, Peter S" uniqKey="Chines P" first="Peter S." last="Chines">Peter S. Chines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Francis S" sort="Collins, Francis S" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Francis S." last="Collins">Francis S. Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corre, Tanguy" sort="Corre, Tanguy" uniqKey="Corre T" first="Tanguy" last="Corre">Tanguy Corre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff027"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff082"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado, Graciela E" sort="Delgado, Graciela E" uniqKey="Delgado G" first="Graciela E." last="Delgado">Graciela E. Delgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dueker, Nicole" sort="Dueker, Nicole" uniqKey="Dueker N" first="Nicole" last="Dueker">Nicole Dueker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff094"><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebeling, Tapani" sort="Ebeling, Tapani" uniqKey="Ebeling T" first="Tapani" last="Ebeling">Tapani Ebeling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff096"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff097"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" sort="Eiriksdottir, Gudny" uniqKey="Eiriksdottir G" first="Gudny" last="Eiriksdottir">Gudny Eiriksdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff098"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faul, Jessica D" sort="Faul, Jessica D" uniqKey="Faul J" first="Jessica D." last="Faul">Jessica D. Faul</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Mao" sort="Fu, Mao" uniqKey="Fu M" first="Mao" last="Fu">Mao Fu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="F Rch, Kristine" sort="F Rch, Kristine" uniqKey="F Rch K" first="Kristine" last="F Rch">Kristine F Rch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gieger, Christian" sort="Gieger, Christian" uniqKey="Gieger C" first="Christian" last="Gieger">Christian Gieger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gl Ser, Sven" sort="Gl Ser, Sven" uniqKey="Gl Ser S" first="Sven" last="Gl Ser">Sven Gl Ser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff095"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Jian" sort="Gong, Jian" uniqKey="Gong J" first="Jian" last="Gong">Jian Gong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon Larsen, Penny" sort="Gordon Larsen, Penny" uniqKey="Gordon Larsen P" first="Penny" last="Gordon-Larsen">Penny Gordon-Larsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff074"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grammer, Tanja B" sort="Grammer, Tanja B" uniqKey="Grammer T" first="Tanja B." last="Grammer">Tanja B. Grammer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Grootheest, Gerard" sort="Van Grootheest, Gerard" uniqKey="Van Grootheest G" first="Gerard" last="Van Grootheest">Gerard Van Grootheest</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harald, Kennet" sort="Harald, Kennet" uniqKey="Harald K" first="Kennet" last="Harald">Kennet Harald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D." last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havulinna, Aki S" sort="Havulinna, Aki S" uniqKey="Havulinna A" first="Aki S." last="Havulinna">Aki S. Havulinna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Dena" sort="Hernandez, Dena" uniqKey="Hernandez D" first="Dena" last="Hernandez">Dena Hernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hindorff, Lucia" sort="Hindorff, Lucia" uniqKey="Hindorff L" first="Lucia" last="Hindorff">Lucia Hindorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><addr-line>Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocking, Lynne J" sort="Hocking, Lynne J" uniqKey="Hocking L" first="Lynne J." last="Hocking">Lynne J. Hocking</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><addr-line>Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmens, Oddgeir L" sort="Holmens, Oddgeir L" uniqKey="Holmens O" first="Oddgeir L." last="Holmens">Oddgeir L. Holmens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><addr-line>St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holzapfel, Christina" sort="Holzapfel, Christina" uniqKey="Holzapfel C" first="Christina" last="Holzapfel">Christina Holzapfel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><addr-line>Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" sort="Hottenga, Jouke Jan" uniqKey="Hottenga J" first="Jouke Jan" last="Hottenga">Jouke Jan Hottenga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Jie" sort="Huang, Jie" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jie" last="Huang">Jie Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Tao" sort="Huang, Tao" uniqKey="Huang T" first="Tao" last="Huang">Tao Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Jennie" sort="Hui, Jennie" uniqKey="Hui J" first="Jennie" last="Hui">Jennie Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff079"><addr-line>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huth, Cornelia" sort="Huth, Cornelia" uniqKey="Huth C" first="Cornelia" last="Huth">Cornelia Huth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutri K Honen, Nina" sort="Hutri K Honen, Nina" uniqKey="Hutri K Honen N" first="Nina" last="Hutri-K Hönen">Nina Hutri-K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Alan L" sort="James, Alan L" uniqKey="James A" first="Alan L." last="James">Alan L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><addr-line>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansson, John Olov" sort="Jansson, John Olov" uniqKey="Jansson J" first="John-Olov" last="Jansson">John-Olov Jansson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jhun, Min A" sort="Jhun, Min A" uniqKey="Jhun M" first="Min A." last="Jhun">Min A. Jhun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juonala, Markus" sort="Juonala, Markus" uniqKey="Juonala M" first="Markus" last="Juonala">Markus Juonala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinnunen, Leena" sort="Kinnunen, Leena" uniqKey="Kinnunen L" first="Leena" last="Kinnunen">Leena Kinnunen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koistinen, Heikki A" sort="Koistinen, Heikki A" uniqKey="Koistinen H" first="Heikki A." last="Koistinen">Heikki A. Koistinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolcic, Ivana" sort="Kolcic, Ivana" uniqKey="Kolcic I" first="Ivana" last="Kolcic">Ivana Kolcic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komulainen, Pirjo" sort="Komulainen, Pirjo" uniqKey="Komulainen P" first="Pirjo" last="Komulainen">Pirjo Komulainen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuusisto, Johanna" sort="Kuusisto, Johanna" uniqKey="Kuusisto J" first="Johanna" last="Kuusisto">Johanna Kuusisto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kval Y, Kirsti" sort="Kval Y, Kirsti" uniqKey="Kval Y K" first="Kirsti" last="Kval Y">Kirsti Kval Y</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Honen, Mika" sort="K Honen, Mika" uniqKey="K Honen M" first="Mika" last="K Hönen">Mika K Hönen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakka, Timo A" sort="Lakka, Timo A" uniqKey="Lakka T" first="Timo A." last="Lakka">Timo A. Lakka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><addr-line>Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launer, Lenore J" sort="Launer, Lenore J" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lenore J." last="Launer">Lenore J. Launer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><addr-line>Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehne, Benjamin" sort="Lehne, Benjamin" uniqKey="Lehne B" first="Benjamin" last="Lehne">Benjamin Lehne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, Cecilia M" sort="Lindgren, Cecilia M" uniqKey="Lindgren C" first="Cecilia M." last="Lindgren">Cecilia M. Lindgren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><addr-line>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorentzon, Mattias" sort="Lorentzon, Mattias" uniqKey="Lorentzon M" first="Mattias" last="Lorentzon">Mattias Lorentzon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><addr-line>Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luben, Robert" sort="Luben, Robert" uniqKey="Luben R" first="Robert" last="Luben">Robert Luben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><addr-line>INSERM U-1138, Équipe 2: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Vascular and Renal diseases Related to Diabetes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milaneschi, Yuri" sort="Milaneschi, Yuri" uniqKey="Milaneschi Y" first="Yuri" last="Milaneschi">Yuri Milaneschi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monda, Keri L" sort="Monda, Keri L" uniqKey="Monda K" first="Keri L." last="Monda">Keri L. Monda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><addr-line>Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Moor, Marleen H M" sort="De Moor, Marleen H M" uniqKey="De Moor M" first="Marleen H. M." last="De Moor">Marleen H. M. De Moor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><addr-line>Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulas, Antonella" sort="Mulas, Antonella" uniqKey="Mulas A" first="Antonella" last="Mulas">Antonella Mulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" sort="Muller Nurasyid, Martina" uniqKey="Muller Nurasyid M" first="Martina" last="Müller-Nurasyid">Martina Müller-Nurasyid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musk, A W" sort="Musk, A W" uniqKey="Musk A" first="A. W." last="Musk">A. W. Musk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff078"><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><addr-line>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnikko, Reija" sort="M Nnikko, Reija" uniqKey="M Nnikko R" first="Reija" last="M Nnikkö">Reija M Nnikkö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, Satu" sort="M Nnisto, Satu" uniqKey="M Nnisto S" first="Satu" last="M Nnistö">Satu M Nnistö</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narisu, Narisu" sort="Narisu, Narisu" uniqKey="Narisu N" first="Narisu" last="Narisu">Narisu Narisu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nauck, Matthias" sort="Nauck, Matthias" uniqKey="Nauck M" first="Matthias" last="Nauck">Matthias Nauck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nettleton, Jennifer A" sort="Nettleton, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Nettleton J" first="Jennifer A." last="Nettleton">Jennifer A. Nettleton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolte, Ilja M" sort="Nolte, Ilja M" uniqKey="Nolte I" first="Ilja M." last="Nolte">Ilja M. Nolte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" sort="Oldehinkel, Albertine J" uniqKey="Oldehinkel A" first="Albertine J." last="Oldehinkel">Albertine J. Oldehinkel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><addr-line>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olden, Matthias" sort="Olden, Matthias" uniqKey="Olden M" first="Matthias" last="Olden">Matthias Olden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ong, Ken K" sort="Ong, Ken K" uniqKey="Ong K" first="Ken K." last="Ong">Ken K. Ong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" sort="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" uniqKey="Padmanabhan S" first="Sandosh" last="Padmanabhan">Sandosh Padmanabhan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paternoster, Lavinia" sort="Paternoster, Lavinia" uniqKey="Paternoster L" first="Lavinia" last="Paternoster">Lavinia Paternoster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, Jeremiah" sort="Perez, Jeremiah" uniqKey="Perez J" first="Jeremiah" last="Perez">Jeremiah Perez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perola, Markus" sort="Perola, Markus" uniqKey="Perola M" first="Markus" last="Perola">Markus Perola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff055"><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><addr-line>University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Ulrike" sort="Peters, Ulrike" uniqKey="Peters U" first="Ulrike" last="Peters">Ulrike Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyser, Patricia A" sort="Peyser, Patricia A" uniqKey="Peyser P" first="Patricia A." last="Peyser">Patricia A. Peyser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopenko, Inga" sort="Prokopenko, Inga" uniqKey="Prokopenko I" first="Inga" last="Prokopenko">Inga Prokopenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><addr-line>Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puolijoki, Hannu" sort="Puolijoki, Hannu" uniqKey="Puolijoki H" first="Hannu" last="Puolijoki">Hannu Puolijoki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><addr-line>South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raitakari, Olli T" sort="Raitakari, Olli T" uniqKey="Raitakari O" first="Olli T." last="Raitakari">Olli T. Raitakari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rankinen, Tuomo" sort="Rankinen, Tuomo" uniqKey="Rankinen T" first="Tuomo" last="Rankinen">Tuomo Rankinen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" sort="Rasmussen Torvik, Laura J" uniqKey="Rasmussen Torvik L" first="Laura J." last="Rasmussen-Torvik">Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff024"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawal, Rajesh" sort="Rawal, Rajesh" uniqKey="Rawal R" first="Rajesh" last="Rawal">Rajesh Rawal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M." last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, Lynda M" sort="Rose, Lynda M" uniqKey="Rose L" first="Lynda M." last="Rose">Lynda M. Rose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarti, Cinzia" sort="Sarti, Cinzia" uniqKey="Sarti C" first="Cinzia" last="Sarti">Cinzia Sarti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><addr-line>Social Services and Health Care Department, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarzynski, Mark A" sort="Sarzynski, Mark A" uniqKey="Sarzynski M" first="Mark A." last="Sarzynski">Mark A. Sarzynski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Savonen, Kai" sort="Savonen, Kai" uniqKey="Savonen K" first="Kai" last="Savonen">Kai Savonen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, William R" sort="Scott, William R" uniqKey="Scott W" first="William R." last="Scott">William R. Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanna, Serena" sort="Sanna, Serena" uniqKey="Sanna S" first="Serena" last="Sanna">Serena Sanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Alan R" sort="Shuldiner, Alan R" uniqKey="Shuldiner A" first="Alan R." last="Shuldiner">Alan R. Shuldiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff069"><addr-line>Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sidney, Steve" sort="Sidney, Steve" uniqKey="Sidney S" first="Steve" last="Sidney">Steve Sidney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silbernagel, Gunther" sort="Silbernagel, Gunther" uniqKey="Silbernagel G" first="Günther" last="Silbernagel">Günther Silbernagel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><addr-line>Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Blair H" sort="Smith, Blair H" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Blair H." last="Smith">Blair H. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><addr-line>School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jennifer A" sort="Smith, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Smith J" first="Jennifer A." last="Smith">Jennifer A. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff063"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stan Kova, Alena" sort="Stan Kova, Alena" uniqKey="Stan Kova A" first="Alena" last="Stan Ková">Alena Stan Ková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sternfeld, Barbara" sort="Sternfeld, Barbara" uniqKey="Sternfeld B" first="Barbara" last="Sternfeld">Barbara Sternfeld</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><addr-line>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swift, Amy J" sort="Swift, Amy J" uniqKey="Swift A" first="Amy J." last="Swift">Amy J. Swift</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff086"><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tammelin, Tuija" sort="Tammelin, Tuija" uniqKey="Tammelin T" first="Tuija" last="Tammelin">Tuija Tammelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><addr-line>LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Sian Tsung" sort="Tan, Sian Tsung" uniqKey="Tan S" first="Sian-Tsung" last="Tan">Sian-Tsung Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorand, Barbara" sort="Thorand, Barbara" uniqKey="Thorand B" first="Barbara" last="Thorand">Barbara Thorand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thuillier, Dorothee" sort="Thuillier, Dorothee" uniqKey="Thuillier D" first="Dorothée" last="Thuillier">Dorothée Thuillier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenput, Liesbeth" sort="Vandenput, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Vandenput L" first="Liesbeth" last="Vandenput">Liesbeth Vandenput</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vestergaard, Henrik" sort="Vestergaard, Henrik" uniqKey="Vestergaard H" first="Henrik" last="Vestergaard">Henrik Vestergaard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff015"><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" sort="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, Jana V" uniqKey="Van Vliet Ostaptchouk J" first="Jana V." last="Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk">Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vohl, Marie Claude" sort="Vohl, Marie Claude" uniqKey="Vohl M" first="Marie-Claude" last="Vohl">Marie-Claude Vohl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waeber, Gerard" sort="Waeber, Gerard" uniqKey="Waeber G" first="Gérard" last="Waeber">Gérard Waeber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Mark" sort="Walker, Mark" uniqKey="Walker M" first="Mark" last="Walker">Mark Walker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wild, Sarah" sort="Wild, Sarah" uniqKey="Wild S" first="Sarah" last="Wild">Sarah Wild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Andrew" sort="Wong, Andrew" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Andrew" last="Wong">Andrew Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alan F" sort="Wright, Alan F" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alan F." last="Wright">Alan F. Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zillikens, M Carola" sort="Zillikens, M Carola" uniqKey="Zillikens M" first="M. Carola" last="Zillikens">M. Carola Zillikens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zubair, Niha" sort="Zubair, Niha" uniqKey="Zubair N" first="Niha" last="Zubair">Niha Zubair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemarchand, Loic" sort="Lemarchand, Loic" uniqKey="Lemarchand L" first="Loic" last="Lemarchand">Loic Lemarchand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff071"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyllensten, Ulf" sort="Gyllensten, Ulf" uniqKey="Gyllensten U" first="Ulf" last="Gyllensten">Ulf Gyllensten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff067"><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlsson, Claes" sort="Ohlsson, Claes" uniqKey="Ohlsson C" first="Claes" last="Ohlsson">Claes Ohlsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff070"><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rivadeneira, Fernando" sort="Rivadeneira, Fernando" uniqKey="Rivadeneira F" first="Fernando" last="Rivadeneira">Fernando Rivadeneira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre G" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre G" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="André G." last="Uitterlinden">André G. Uitterlinden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perusse, Louis" sort="Perusse, Louis" uniqKey="Perusse L" first="Louis" last="Pérusse">Louis Pérusse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, James F" sort="Wilson, James F" uniqKey="Wilson J" first="James F." last="Wilson">James F. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff028"><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polasek, Ozren" sort="Polasek, Ozren" uniqKey="Polasek O" first="Ozren" last="Polasek">Ozren Polasek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff092"><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cucca, Francesco" sort="Cucca, Francesco" uniqKey="Cucca F" first="Francesco" last="Cucca">Francesco Cucca</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff089"><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hveem, Kristian" sort="Hveem, Kristian" uniqKey="Hveem K" first="Kristian" last="Hveem">Kristian Hveem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><addr-line>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Catharina A" sort="Hartman, Catharina A" uniqKey="Hartman C" first="Catharina A." last="Hartman">Catharina A. Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonjes, Anke" sort="Tonjes, Anke" uniqKey="Tonjes A" first="Anke" last="Tönjes">Anke Tönjes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandinelli, Stefania" sort="Bandinelli, Stefania" uniqKey="Bandinelli S" first="Stefania" last="Bandinelli">Stefania Bandinelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Lyle J" sort="Palmer, Lyle J" uniqKey="Palmer L" first="Lyle J." last="Palmer">Lyle J. Palmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kardia, Sharon L R" sort="Kardia, Sharon L R" uniqKey="Kardia S" first="Sharon L. R." last="Kardia">Sharon L. R. Kardia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff031"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauramaa, Rainer" sort="Rauramaa, Rainer" uniqKey="Rauramaa R" first="Rainer" last="Rauramaa">Rainer Rauramaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff060"><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" sort="S Rensen, Thorkild I A" uniqKey="S Rensen T" first="Thorkild I. A." last="S Rensen">Thorkild I. A. S Rensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff073"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff093"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomaa, Veikko" sort="Salomaa, Veikko" uniqKey="Salomaa V" first="Veikko" last="Salomaa">Veikko Salomaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff054"><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penninx, Brenda W J H" sort="Penninx, Brenda W J H" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="Brenda W. J. H." last="Penninx">Brenda W. J. H. Penninx</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff052"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, Eco J C" sort="De Geus, Eco J C" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="Eco J. C." last="De Geus">Eco J. C. De Geus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff050"><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boomsma, Dorret I" sort="Boomsma, Dorret I" uniqKey="Boomsma D" first="Dorret I." last="Boomsma">Dorret I. Boomsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff049"><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><addr-line>NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtim Ki, Terho" sort="Lehtim Ki, Terho" uniqKey="Lehtim Ki T" first="Terho" last="Lehtim Ki">Terho Lehtim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff047"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff048"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff020"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><addr-line>National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laakso, Markku" sort="Laakso, Markku" uniqKey="Laakso M" first="Markku" last="Laakso">Markku Laakso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, Claude" sort="Bouchard, Claude" uniqKey="Bouchard C" first="Claude" last="Bouchard">Claude Bouchard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff045"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuh, Diana" sort="Kuh, Diana" uniqKey="Kuh D" first="Diana" last="Kuh">Diana Kuh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yongmei" sort="Liu, Yongmei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yongmei" last="Liu">Yongmei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff083"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff072"><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Rz, Winfried" sort="M Rz, Winfried" uniqKey="M Rz W" first="Winfried" last="M Rz">Winfried M Rz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff041"><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><addr-line>Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivim Ki, Mika" sort="Kivim Ki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivim Ki M" first="Mika" last="Kivim Ki">Mika Kivim Ki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Tamara B" sort="Harris, Tamara B" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara B." last="Harris">Tamara B. Harris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gudnason, Vilmundur" sort="Gudnason, Vilmundur" uniqKey="Gudnason V" first="Vilmundur" last="Gudnason">Vilmundur Gudnason</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff038"><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff039"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff036"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff037"><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, Lu" sort="Qi, Lu" uniqKey="Qi L" first="Lu" last="Qi">Lu Qi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff076"><addr-line>Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff077"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><addr-line>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><addr-line>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff029"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff030"><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff035"><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kooperberg, Charles" sort="Kooperberg, Charles" uniqKey="Kooperberg C" first="Charles" last="Kooperberg">Charles Kooperberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff034"><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff033"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallmans, Goran" sort="Hallmans, Goran" uniqKey="Hallmans G" first="Göran" last="Hallmans">Göran Hallmans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff019"><addr-line>Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff032"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weir, David R" sort="Weir, David R" uniqKey="Weir D" first="David R." last="Weir">David R. Weir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><addr-line>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porteous, David J" sort="Porteous, David J" uniqKey="Porteous D" first="David J." last="Porteous">David J. Porteous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><addr-line>Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff059"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I." last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abecasis, Goncalo R" sort="Abecasis, Goncalo R" uniqKey="Abecasis G" first="Gonçalo R." last="Abecasis">Gonçalo R. Abecasis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Ines" sort="Barroso, Ines" uniqKey="Barroso I" first="Inês" last="Barroso">Inês Barroso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><addr-line>The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mark I" sort="Mccarthy, Mark I" uniqKey="Mccarthy M" first="Mark I." last="Mccarthy">Mark I. Mccarthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M." last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff066"><addr-line>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" sort="O Onnell, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Jeffrey R." last="O Onnell">Jeffrey R. O Onnell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff068"><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" sort="Van Duijn, Cornelia M" uniqKey="Van Duijn C" first="Cornelia M." last="Van Duijn">Cornelia M. Van Duijn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff056"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><addr-line>Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehnke, Michael" sort="Boehnke, Michael" uniqKey="Boehnke M" first="Michael" last="Boehnke">Michael Boehnke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff046"><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohlke, Karen L" sort="Mohlke, Karen L" uniqKey="Mohlke K" first="Karen L." last="Mohlke">Karen L. Mohlke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff053"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strachan, David P" sort="Strachan, David P" uniqKey="Strachan D" first="David P." last="Strachan">David P. Strachan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Caroline S" sort="Fox, Caroline S" uniqKey="Fox C" first="Caroline S." last="Fox">Caroline S. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ching Ti" sort="Liu, Ching Ti" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Ching-Ti" last="Liu">Ching-Ti Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff099"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Robert J" sort="Klein, Robert J" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Robert J." last="Klein">Robert J. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff023"><addr-line>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Andrew D" sort="Johnson, Andrew D" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Andrew D." last="Johnson">Andrew D. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff021"><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franks, Paul W" sort="Franks, Paul W" uniqKey="Franks P" first="Paul W." last="Franks">Paul W. Franks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff018"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="North, Kari E" sort="North, Kari E" uniqKey="North K" first="Kari E." last="North">Kari E. North</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupples, L Adrienne" sort="Cupples, L Adrienne" uniqKey="Cupples L" first="L. Adrienne" last="Cupples">L. Adrienne Cupples</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><addr-line>Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" sort="Kilpel Inen, Tuomas O" uniqKey="Kilpel Inen T" first="Tuomas O." last="Kilpel Inen">Tuomas O. Kilpel Inen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff014"><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1553-7390</idno><idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the <italic>FTO</italic> gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, C" uniqKey="Bouchard C">C Bouchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, A" uniqKey="Tremblay A">A Tremblay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, C" uniqKey="Bouchard C">C Bouchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, A" uniqKey="Tremblay A">A Tremblay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Despres, Jp" uniqKey="Despres J">JP Despres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nadeau, A" uniqKey="Nadeau A">A Nadeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lupien, Pj" uniqKey="Lupien P">PJ Lupien</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1553-7390</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1553-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28448500</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5407576</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PGENETICS-D-16-01816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Mathematical and Statistical Techniques</subject><subj-group><subject>Statistical Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Meta-Analysis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Mathematics</subject><subj-group><subject>Statistics (Mathematics)</subject><subj-group><subject>Statistical Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Meta-Analysis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Physical Activity</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetic Loci</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Computational Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome Analysis</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome-Wide Association Studies</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genomics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome Analysis</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome-Wide Association Studies</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome-Wide Association Studies</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiological Parameters</subject><subj-group><subject>Body Weight</subject><subj-group><subject>Obesity</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiological Parameters</subject><subj-group><subject>Body Weight</subject><subj-group><subject>Obesity</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genomics</subject><subj-group><subject>Functional Genomics</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Computational Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Epigenomics</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Genomics</subject><subj-group><subject>Epigenomics</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subj-group><subject>Cell Signaling</subject><subj-group><subject>Genomic Signal Processing</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Genome-wide physical activity interactions in 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahajan</surname><given-names>Anubha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hadley</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff009"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xue</surname><given-names>Luting</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Workalemahu</surname><given-names>Tsegaselassie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9730-0306</contrib-id><name><surname>Heard-Costa</surname><given-names>Nancy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff012"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>den Hoed</surname><given-names>Marcel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff013"><sup>13</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahluwalia</surname><given-names>Tarunveer S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qi</surname><given-names>Qibin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff016"><sup>16</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ngwa</surname><given-names>Julius S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff017"><sup>17</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-298X</contrib-id><name><surname>Renström</surname><given-names>Frida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff018"><sup>18</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff019"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Quaye</surname><given-names>Lydia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff020"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eicher</surname><given-names>John D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff021"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayes</surname><given-names>James E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff022"><sup>22</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff023"><sup>23</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cornelis</surname><given-names>Marilyn</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff024"><sup>24</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff025"><sup>25</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kutalik</surname><given-names>Zoltan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff026"><sup>26</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff027"><sup>27</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Elise</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luan</surname><given-names>Jian’an</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huffman</surname><given-names>Jennifer E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Weihua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff029"><sup>29</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Wei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Griffin</surname><given-names>Paula J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haller</surname><given-names>Toomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>Shafqat</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff018"><sup>18</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marques-Vidal</surname><given-names>Pedro M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff033"><sup>33</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bien</surname><given-names>Stephanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff034"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yengo</surname><given-names>Loic</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff035"><sup>35</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teumer</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff036"><sup>36</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Albert Vernon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff038"><sup>38</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff039"><sup>39</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumari</surname><given-names>Meena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff040"><sup>40</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harder</surname><given-names>Marie Neergaard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Justesen</surname><given-names>Johanne Marie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kleber</surname><given-names>Marcus E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff041"><sup>41</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff042"><sup>42</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hollensted</surname><given-names>Mette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lohman</surname><given-names>Kurt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff043"><sup>43</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivera</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff044"><sup>44</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Whitfield</surname><given-names>John B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Jing Hua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stringham</surname><given-names>Heather M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lyytikäinen</surname><given-names>Leo-Pekka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff048"><sup>48</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huppertz</surname><given-names>Charlotte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff049"><sup>49</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff051"><sup>51</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willemsen</surname><given-names>Gonneke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff049"><sup>49</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peyrot</surname><given-names>Wouter J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff052"><sup>52</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Ying</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff053"><sup>53</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kristiansson</surname><given-names>Kati</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff055"><sup>55</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demirkan</surname><given-names>Ayse</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff057"><sup>57</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fornage</surname><given-names>Myriam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff058"><sup>58</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hassinen</surname><given-names>Maija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bielak</surname><given-names>Lawrence F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cadby</surname><given-names>Gemma</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff061"><sup>61</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>Toshiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff062"><sup>62</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mägi</surname><given-names>Reedik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Most</surname><given-names>Peter J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff063"><sup>63</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jackson</surname><given-names>Anne U.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bragg-Gresham</surname><given-names>Jennifer L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vitart</surname><given-names>Veronique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marten</surname><given-names>Jonathan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Navarro</surname><given-names>Pau</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellis</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff064"><sup>64</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff065"><sup>65</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pasko</surname><given-names>Dorota</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff066"><sup>66</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johansson</surname><given-names>Åsa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snitker</surname><given-names>Søren</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>Yu-Ching</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eriksson</surname><given-names>Joel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Unhee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff071"><sup>71</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aadahl</surname><given-names>Mette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff072"><sup>72</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff073"><sup>73</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adair</surname><given-names>Linda S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff074"><sup>74</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amin</surname><given-names>Najaf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balkau</surname><given-names>Beverley</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff075"><sup>75</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Auvinen</surname><given-names>Juha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beilby</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff079"><sup>79</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff080"><sup>80</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bergman</surname><given-names>Richard N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff081"><sup>81</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bergmann</surname><given-names>Sven</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff027"><sup>27</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff082"><sup>82</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertoni</surname><given-names>Alain G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff084"><sup>84</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blangero</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff085"><sup>85</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnefond</surname><given-names>Amélie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff035"><sup>35</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnycastle</surname><given-names>Lori L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borja</surname><given-names>Judith B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff087"><sup>87</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff088"><sup>88</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brage</surname><given-names>Søren</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Busonero</surname><given-names>Fabio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff089"><sup>89</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buyske</surname><given-names>Steve</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff090"><sup>90</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff091"><sup>91</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname><given-names>Harry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chines</surname><given-names>Peter S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collins</surname><given-names>Francis S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corre</surname><given-names>Tanguy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff027"><sup>27</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff082"><sup>82</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>George Davey</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Delgado</surname><given-names>Graciela E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff041"><sup>41</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dueker</surname><given-names>Nicole</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff094"><sup>94</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dörr</surname><given-names>Marcus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff095"><sup>95</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ebeling</surname><given-names>Tapani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff096"><sup>96</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff097"><sup>97</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eiriksdottir</surname><given-names>Gudny</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff038"><sup>38</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Esko</surname><given-names>Tõnu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff098"><sup>98</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff099"><sup>99</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff100"><sup>100</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faul</surname><given-names>Jessica D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff101"><sup>101</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fu</surname><given-names>Mao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Færch</surname><given-names>Kristine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gieger</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gläser</surname><given-names>Sven</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff095"><sup>95</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gong</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff034"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gordon-Larsen</surname><given-names>Penny</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff074"><sup>74</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grallert</surname><given-names>Harald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grammer</surname><given-names>Tanja B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff041"><sup>41</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grarup</surname><given-names>Niels</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Grootheest</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff052"><sup>52</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harald</surname><given-names>Kennet</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hastie</surname><given-names>Nicholas D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Havulinna</surname><given-names>Aki S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hernandez</surname><given-names>Dena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff106"><sup>106</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hindorff</surname><given-names>Lucia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff107"><sup>107</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hocking</surname><given-names>Lynne J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff108"><sup>108</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff109"><sup>109</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holmens</surname><given-names>Oddgeir L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff110"><sup>110</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holzapfel</surname><given-names>Christina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff111"><sup>111</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hottenga</surname><given-names>Jouke Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff049"><sup>49</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff112"><sup>112</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Jie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff113"><sup>113</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Tao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>Jennie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff079"><sup>79</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff114"><sup>114</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huth</surname><given-names>Cornelia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hutri-Kähönen</surname><given-names>Nina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff115"><sup>115</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff116"><sup>116</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>James</surname><given-names>Alan L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff117"><sup>117</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff118"><sup>118</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jansson</surname><given-names>John-Olov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff119"><sup>119</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jhun</surname><given-names>Min A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Juonala</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff120"><sup>120</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff121"><sup>121</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kinnunen</surname><given-names>Leena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koistinen</surname><given-names>Heikki A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff123"><sup>123</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff124"><sup>124</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kolcic</surname><given-names>Ivana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff125"><sup>125</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Komulainen</surname><given-names>Pirjo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuusisto</surname><given-names>Johanna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff126"><sup>126</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kvaløy</surname><given-names>Kirsti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff127"><sup>127</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kähönen</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff128"><sup>128</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff129"><sup>129</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lakka</surname><given-names>Timo A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff130"><sup>130</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Launer</surname><given-names>Lenore J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff131"><sup>131</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lehne</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff029"><sup>29</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindgren</surname><given-names>Cecilia M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff132"><sup>132</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff133"><sup>133</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lorentzon</surname><given-names>Mattias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff134"><sup>134</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luben</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff135"><sup>135</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marre</surname><given-names>Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff136"><sup>136</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff137"><sup>137</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milaneschi</surname><given-names>Yuri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff052"><sup>52</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Monda</surname><given-names>Keri L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff138"><sup>138</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montgomery</surname><given-names>Grant W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Moor</surname><given-names>Marleen H. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff139"><sup>139</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mulas</surname><given-names>Antonella</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff089"><sup>89</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff140"><sup>140</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Müller-Nurasyid</surname><given-names>Martina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff141"><sup>141</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff142"><sup>142</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musk</surname><given-names>A. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff078"><sup>78</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff114"><sup>114</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff143"><sup>143</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Männikkö</surname><given-names>Reija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Männistö</surname><given-names>Satu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narisu</surname><given-names>Narisu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nauck</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff144"><sup>144</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nettleton</surname><given-names>Jennifer A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nolte</surname><given-names>Ilja M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff063"><sup>63</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oldehinkel</surname><given-names>Albertine J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff145"><sup>145</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olden</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ong</surname><given-names>Ken K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Padmanabhan</surname><given-names>Sandosh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff109"><sup>109</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff146"><sup>146</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paternoster</surname><given-names>Lavinia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perez</surname><given-names>Jeremiah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perola</surname><given-names>Markus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff055"><sup>55</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff147"><sup>147</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Annette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff142"><sup>142</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Ulrike</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff034"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peyser</surname><given-names>Patricia A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>Inga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff148"><sup>148</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Puolijoki</surname><given-names>Hannu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff149"><sup>149</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raitakari</surname><given-names>Olli T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff150"><sup>150</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff151"><sup>151</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rankinen</surname><given-names>Tuomo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmussen-Torvik</surname><given-names>Laura J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff024"><sup>24</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rawal</surname><given-names>Rajesh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff102"><sup>102</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ridker</surname><given-names>Paul M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff153"><sup>153</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rose</surname><given-names>Lynda M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rudan</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarti</surname><given-names>Cinzia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff154"><sup>154</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarzynski</surname><given-names>Mark A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Savonen</surname><given-names>Kai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>William R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff029"><sup>29</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanna</surname><given-names>Serena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff089"><sup>89</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shuldiner</surname><given-names>Alan R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff069"><sup>69</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sidney</surname><given-names>Steve</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff155"><sup>155</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silbernagel</surname><given-names>Günther</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff156"><sup>156</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Blair H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff109"><sup>109</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff157"><sup>157</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Jennifer A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snieder</surname><given-names>Harold</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff063"><sup>63</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stančáková</surname><given-names>Alena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff126"><sup>126</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sternfeld</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff155"><sup>155</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swift</surname><given-names>Amy J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff086"><sup>86</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tammelin</surname><given-names>Tuija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff158"><sup>158</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Sian-Tsung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff159"><sup>159</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thorand</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff104"><sup>104</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff105"><sup>105</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thuillier</surname><given-names>Dorothée</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff035"><sup>35</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandenput</surname><given-names>Liesbeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vestergaard</surname><given-names>Henrik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff015"><sup>15</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Vliet-Ostaptchouk</surname><given-names>Jana V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff160"><sup>160</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vohl</surname><given-names>Marie-Claude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff161"><sup>161</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff162"><sup>162</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Völker</surname><given-names>Uwe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff163"><sup>163</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waeber</surname><given-names>Gérard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff033"><sup>33</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff164"><sup>164</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wild</surname><given-names>Sarah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff165"><sup>165</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff166"><sup>166</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>Alan F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zillikens</surname><given-names>M. Carola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff167"><sup>167</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zubair</surname><given-names>Niha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff034"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haiman</surname><given-names>Christopher A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff168"><sup>168</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lemarchand</surname><given-names>Loic</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff071"><sup>71</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gyllensten</surname><given-names>Ulf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff067"><sup>67</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohlsson</surname><given-names>Claes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff070"><sup>70</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofman</surname><given-names>Albert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff169"><sup>169</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff170"><sup>170</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivadeneira</surname><given-names>Fernando</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff167"><sup>167</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff169"><sup>169</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff170"><sup>170</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uitterlinden</surname><given-names>André G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff167"><sup>167</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff169"><sup>169</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérusse</surname><given-names>Louis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff161"><sup>161</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff171"><sup>171</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>James F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayward</surname><given-names>Caroline</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff028"><sup>28</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Polasek</surname><given-names>Ozren</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff092"><sup>92</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff125"><sup>125</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cucca</surname><given-names>Francesco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff089"><sup>89</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff140"><sup>140</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hveem</surname><given-names>Kristian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff127"><sup>127</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hartman</surname><given-names>Catharina A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff172"><sup>172</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tönjes</surname><given-names>Anke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff173"><sup>173</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bandinelli</surname><given-names>Stefania</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff174"><sup>174</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palmer</surname><given-names>Lyle J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff175"><sup>175</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kardia</surname><given-names>Sharon L. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff031"><sup>31</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rauramaa</surname><given-names>Rainer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff060"><sup>60</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff176"><sup>176</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sørensen</surname><given-names>Thorkild I. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff073"><sup>73</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff093"><sup>93</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff177"><sup>177</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tuomilehto</surname><given-names>Jaakko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff122"><sup>122</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff178"><sup>178</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff179"><sup>179</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salomaa</surname><given-names>Veikko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff054"><sup>54</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Penninx</surname><given-names>Brenda W. J. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff052"><sup>52</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Geus</surname><given-names>Eco J. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff049"><sup>49</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff050"><sup>50</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boomsma</surname><given-names>Dorret I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff049"><sup>49</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff112"><sup>112</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lehtimäki</surname><given-names>Terho</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff047"><sup>47</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff048"><sup>48</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mangino</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff020"><sup>20</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff180"><sup>180</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laakso</surname><given-names>Markku</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff126"><sup>126</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouchard</surname><given-names>Claude</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff152"><sup>152</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>Nicholas G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff045"><sup>45</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuh</surname><given-names>Diana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff166"><sup>166</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Yongmei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff083"><sup>83</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linneberg</surname><given-names>Allan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff072"><sup>72</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff181"><sup>181</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff182"><sup>182</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>März</surname><given-names>Winfried</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff041"><sup>41</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff183"><sup>183</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff184"><sup>184</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strauch</surname><given-names>Konstantin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff103"><sup>103</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff185"><sup>185</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kivimäki</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff186"><sup>186</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>Tamara B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff187"><sup>187</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gudnason</surname><given-names>Vilmundur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff038"><sup>38</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff039"><sup>39</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Völzke</surname><given-names>Henry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff036"><sup>36</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff037"><sup>37</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qi</surname><given-names>Lu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Järvelin</surname><given-names>Marjo-Riitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff029"><sup>29</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff076"><sup>76</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff077"><sup>77</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff188"><sup>188</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff189"><sup>189</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chambers</surname><given-names>John C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff029"><sup>29</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff190"><sup>190</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kooner</surname><given-names>Jaspal S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff030"><sup>30</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff159"><sup>159</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff190"><sup>190</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Froguel</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff035"><sup>35</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff191"><sup>191</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kooperberg</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff034"><sup>34</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vollenweider</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff033"><sup>33</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hallmans</surname><given-names>Göran</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff019"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>Torben</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedersen</surname><given-names>Oluf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Andres</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff032"><sup>32</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wareham</surname><given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langenberg</surname><given-names>Claudia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weir</surname><given-names>David R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff101"><sup>101</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Porteous</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff109"><sup>109</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff192"><sup>192</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boerwinkle</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff059"><sup>59</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chasman</surname><given-names>Daniel I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff100"><sup>100</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff153"><sup>153</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>CHARGE Consortium</collab></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>EPIC-InterAct Consortium</collab></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>PAGE Consortium</collab><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abecasis</surname><given-names>Gonçalo R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-4520</contrib-id><name><surname>Barroso</surname><given-names>Inês</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff193"><sup>193</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff194"><sup>194</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff195"><sup>195</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCarthy</surname><given-names>Mark I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff196"><sup>196</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff197"><sup>197</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frayling</surname><given-names>Timothy M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff066"><sup>66</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O’Connell</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff068"><sup>68</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duijn</surname><given-names>Cornelia M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff056"><sup>56</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff170"><sup>170</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff198"><sup>198</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehnke</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff046"><sup>46</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heid</surname><given-names>Iris M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohlke</surname><given-names>Karen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff053"><sup>53</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-1366</contrib-id><name><surname>Strachan</surname><given-names>David P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff199"><sup>199</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fox</surname><given-names>Caroline S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff021"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0742</contrib-id><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Ching-Ti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirschhorn</surname><given-names>Joel N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff099"><sup>99</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff100"><sup>100</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff200"><sup>200</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-5391</contrib-id><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>Robert J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff023"><sup>23</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>Andrew D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff021"><sup>21</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borecki</surname><given-names>Ingrid B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franks</surname><given-names>Paul W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011"><sup>11</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff018"><sup>18</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff201"><sup>201</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>North</surname><given-names>Kari E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff202"><sup>202</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cupples</surname><given-names>L. Adrienne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loos</surname><given-names>Ruth J. F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff203"><sup>203</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff204"><sup>204</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff205"><sup>205</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kilpeläinen</surname><given-names>Tuomas O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff014"><sup>14</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff205"><sup>205</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="econtrib001"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff007"><label>7</label><addr-line>Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff008"><label>8</label><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff009"><label>9</label><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff010"><label>10</label><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff011"><label>11</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff012"><label>12</label><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff013"><label>13</label><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff014"><label>14</label><addr-line>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff015"><label>15</label><addr-line>Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff016"><label>16</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff017"><label>17</label><addr-line>Howard University, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff018"><label>18</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff019"><label>19</label><addr-line>Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff020"><label>20</label><addr-line>Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff021"><label>21</label><addr-line>Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff022"><label>22</label><addr-line>Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff023"><label>23</label><addr-line>Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff024"><label>24</label><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff025"><label>25</label><addr-line>Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff026"><label>26</label><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff027"><label>27</label><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff028"><label>28</label><addr-line>MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff029"><label>29</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff030"><label>30</label><addr-line>Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff031"><label>31</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff032"><label>32</label><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff033"><label>33</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff034"><label>34</label><addr-line>Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff035"><label>35</label><addr-line>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff036"><label>36</label><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff037"><label>37</label><addr-line>DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff038"><label>38</label><addr-line>Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff039"><label>39</label><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff040"><label>40</label><addr-line>ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff041"><label>41</label><addr-line>Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff042"><label>42</label><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff043"><label>43</label><addr-line>Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff044"><label>44</label><addr-line>Karolinska Institutet, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff045"><label>45</label><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff046"><label>46</label><addr-line>Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff047"><label>47</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff048"><label>48</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff049"><label>49</label><addr-line>Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff050"><label>50</label><addr-line>EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff051"><label>51</label><addr-line>Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff052"><label>52</label><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff053"><label>53</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff054"><label>54</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff055"><label>55</label><addr-line>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff056"><label>56</label><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff057"><label>57</label><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff058"><label>58</label><addr-line>Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff059"><label>59</label><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff060"><label>60</label><addr-line>Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff061"><label>61</label><addr-line>Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff062"><label>62</label><addr-line>Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff063"><label>63</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff064"><label>64</label><addr-line>Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff065"><label>65</label><addr-line>Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff066"><label>66</label><addr-line>Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff067"><label>67</label><addr-line>Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff068"><label>68</label><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff069"><label>69</label><addr-line>Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff070"><label>70</label><addr-line>Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff071"><label>71</label><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff072"><label>72</label><addr-line>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff073"><label>73</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff074"><label>74</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff075"><label>75</label><addr-line>INSERM U-1018, CESP, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff076"><label>76</label><addr-line>Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff077"><label>77</label><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff078"><label>78</label><addr-line>Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff079"><label>79</label><addr-line>PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff080"><label>80</label><addr-line>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff081"><label>81</label><addr-line>Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff082"><label>82</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff083"><label>83</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff084"><label>84</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff085"><label>85</label><addr-line>Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff086"><label>86</label><addr-line>Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff087"><label>87</label><addr-line>USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff088"><label>88</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff089"><label>89</label><addr-line>Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff090"><label>90</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff091"><label>91</label><addr-line>Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff092"><label>92</label><addr-line>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff093"><label>93</label><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff094"><label>94</label><addr-line>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff095"><label>95</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff096"><label>96</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff097"><label>97</label><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff098"><label>98</label><addr-line>Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff099"><label>99</label><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff100"><label>100</label><addr-line>Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff101"><label>101</label><addr-line>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff102"><label>102</label><addr-line>Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff103"><label>103</label><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff104"><label>104</label><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff105"><label>105</label><addr-line>German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff106"><label>106</label><addr-line>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff107"><label>107</label><addr-line>Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff108"><label>108</label><addr-line>Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff109"><label>109</label><addr-line>Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff110"><label>110</label><addr-line>St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff111"><label>111</label><addr-line>Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff112"><label>112</label><addr-line>NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff113"><label>113</label><addr-line>Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff114"><label>114</label><addr-line>School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff115"><label>115</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff116"><label>116</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff117"><label>117</label><addr-line>Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff118"><label>118</label><addr-line>School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff119"><label>119</label><addr-line>Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff120"><label>120</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff121"><label>121</label><addr-line>Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff122"><label>122</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff123"><label>123</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff124"><label>124</label><addr-line>Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff125"><label>125</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff126"><label>126</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff127"><label>127</label><addr-line>HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff128"><label>128</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff129"><label>129</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff130"><label>130</label><addr-line>Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff131"><label>131</label><addr-line>Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff132"><label>132</label><addr-line>Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff133"><label>133</label><addr-line>The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff134"><label>134</label><addr-line>Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff135"><label>135</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff136"><label>136</label><addr-line>INSERM U-1138, Équipe 2: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Vascular and Renal diseases Related to Diabetes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff137"><label>137</label><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff138"><label>138</label><addr-line>Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff139"><label>139</label><addr-line>Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff140"><label>140</label><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff141"><label>141</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff142"><label>142</label><addr-line>DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff143"><label>143</label><addr-line>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff144"><label>144</label><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff145"><label>145</label><addr-line>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff146"><label>146</label><addr-line>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff147"><label>147</label><addr-line>University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff148"><label>148</label><addr-line>Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff149"><label>149</label><addr-line>South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff150"><label>150</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff151"><label>151</label><addr-line>Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff152"><label>152</label><addr-line>Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff153"><label>153</label><addr-line>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff154"><label>154</label><addr-line>Social Services and Health Care Department, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff155"><label>155</label><addr-line>Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff156"><label>156</label><addr-line>Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff157"><label>157</label><addr-line>School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff158"><label>158</label><addr-line>LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff159"><label>159</label><addr-line>National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff160"><label>160</label><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff161"><label>161</label><addr-line>Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff162"><label>162</label><addr-line>School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff163"><label>163</label><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff164"><label>164</label><addr-line>Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff165"><label>165</label><addr-line>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff166"><label>166</label><addr-line>MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff167"><label>167</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff168"><label>168</label><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff169"><label>169</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff170"><label>170</label><addr-line>Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff171"><label>171</label><addr-line>Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff172"><label>172</label><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff173"><label>173</label><addr-line>University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff174"><label>174</label><addr-line>Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence, Italy</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff175"><label>175</label><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff176"><label>176</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff177"><label>177</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff178"><label>178</label><addr-line>Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff179"><label>179</label><addr-line>Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff180"><label>180</label><addr-line>National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff181"><label>181</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff182"><label>182</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff183"><label>183</label><addr-line>Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff184"><label>184</label><addr-line>Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff185"><label>185</label><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff186"><label>186</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff187"><label>187</label><addr-line>Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff188"><label>188</label><addr-line>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff189"><label>189</label><addr-line>MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff190"><label>190</label><addr-line>Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff191"><label>191</label><addr-line>Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff192"><label>192</label><addr-line>Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff193"><label>193</label><addr-line>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff194"><label>194</label><addr-line>NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff195"><label>195</label><addr-line>The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff196"><label>196</label><addr-line>Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff197"><label>197</label><addr-line>Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff198"><label>198</label><addr-line>Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff199"><label>199</label><addr-line>Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff200"><label>200</label><addr-line>Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff201"><label>201</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff202"><label>202</label><addr-line>Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff203"><label>203</label><addr-line>Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff204"><label>204</label><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff205"><label>205</label><addr-line>The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Edwards</surname><given-names>Todd L.</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Vanderbilt University, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p>We have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Genotyping in the Ely and Fenland studies was supported in part by an MRC-GlaxoSmithKline pilot programme grant (G0701863). The RISC Study was supported in part by AstraZeneca. The D.E.S.I.R. study has been supported in part by INSERM contracts with Lilly, Novartis Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, Ardix Medical, Bayer Diagnostics, Becton Dickinson, Cardionics, Merck Santé, Novo Nordisk, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Topcon. In SHIP, genome-wide data have been supported in part by a joint grant from Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><bold>Conceptualization:</bold> TOK RJFL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Data curation:</bold> TOK LAC RJFL KLMon.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Formal analysis:</bold> RAS KLY AEJ TWW AMa DHa NLHC JSN TSA LQ TW FRe MdH TOK QQ MG TSA LX AYC LAC MC RJFL MFF KEN JDE ADJ JEHa RJK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Investigation:</bold> AVS TBH GE LJL VG KEN MG AJ KLMon KLY EB PGL JBW NGM GWM DPS GC LJP JHua AWM ALJ JB MFo CBe HMS TR SSn BS YW JBB LSA ZK PMMV TC SBi GWi PV KKr ASH KHa SM VS MP JM IR CHup VV IK OPo LY DT BB MMar AB PF RRaw TAL PK MHo KSa RMag THal TEb AMa JL RAS SBr NJW JHZ RL SBu AD NA CMvD IBB MFF LB RJFL LX NLHC EL JP PJG CSF CTL LAC MB FSC KLMol RNB JT LK TEs HP CS HAK LFB SLRK MAJ PAP SA FRe IB GH PWF JE CO MLo AEJ JOJ TSA LPa GDS TIAS JEHu DJP SP LJH BHS SSa YCC MFu JRO ARS MHa MA AL HVe LQu THu QQ JAS JDF WZhan DRW KHv OLH AUJ LLB AJS KKv TTan DHe SBa MNH JMJ KF NG OPe TWW IMH MO CG HG AP KSt CHo CHut RRau BT MMN WZhao BL WRS STT JCC JSK MEK GED TBG GS JHui WM UL CHa LL LH KL AGB LJRT JAN YL MLa JK AS PSC NN WJP GvG YM BWJHP AMu CML MIM TTam JA MRJ LQi THan DK KKO AW ÅJ UG EJCdG MHMdM JJH DIB GWa PN AFW NDH SW HC JFW CBo MCV LPe DP MW TMF NVR MCZ FRi AH AGU JLBG SSi FB AMe GRA FC ATe HVo UV MD SG MN RMan IP ATo PJvdM JVvVO IMN HS AJO CAH MMan DIC AYC LMR PMR SBi NZ JG UP CK MKu MKi CL LPL NHK MJ MKä OTR TL.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> GRA IB MB IBB CSF TMF IMH RJFL MIM KLMon KEN JRO DPS CMvD JNH.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – original draft:</bold> MG RAS AEJ KLY MFF LB LQu PWF RJFL TOK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – review & editing:</bold> MG RAS AEJ KLY MFF TWW LB AYC AMa DHa LX TW NLHC TSA MdH QQ JSN FRe LQu JDE JEHa MC ZK EL JL JEHu WZhan WZhao PJG THal SA PMMV SBi LY ATe AVS MKu MNH JMJ MEK MHo NVR JBW JHZ HS LL CHup GWi WJP YW KKr AD KL YL MFo MHa LFB GC TTan RMag PJvdM AUJ JLBG VV JM PN CBe DP ÅJ SSn YCC JE UL MA LSA NA BB JA JB RNB AGB JB AB LLB JBB SBr FB SBu HC PSC FSC TC GDS GED ND MD TEb GE TEs JDF MFu KF CG SG JG PGL HG TBG NG GvG THu KHa NDH ASH DHe LH LJH OLH CHo JJH JHua THan JHui CHut NHK ALJ JOJ MAH MJ LK HAK IK PK JK KKv MKa TAL LJL BL CML MLo RL MMar YM KLMon GWM MHMdM AMu AMe RMan SM NN MN JAN IMN AJO MO KKO SP LPa JP MP AP UP PAP IP HP OTR TR LJRT RRaw PMR LMR IR CS MAS KSa WRS SSa ARS SSi GS BHS JAS HS AS BS AJS TTam STT BT DT LV HVe JVvVO MCV UV GWa MW SW AW AFW MCZ NZ CAHai LL UG CO AH FRi AGU LPe JFW CHa OPo FC KHv CAHar ATo SBa LJP SLRK RRau TIAS JT VS BWJHP EJCdG DIB TL MMan MLa CBo NGM DK AL WM KSt MKi TBH VG HVo LQi MRJ JCC JSK PF CK PV GH OPe NJW CL DRW DJP EB DIC GRA IB MIM TMF JRO CMvD MB IMH KLMol DPS CSF CTL JNH RJK ADJ IBB PWF KEN LAC RJFL TOK.</p></list-item></list></p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="econtrib001"><p>‡ These authors jointly supervised this work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><p>¶ Membership is listed in the Supporting Information.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>migraff@email.unc.edu</email> (MG); <email>ruth.loos@mssm.edu</email> (RJFL); <email>tuomas.kilpelainen@sund.ku.dk</email> (TOK)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>e1006528</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons CC0</ext-link> public domain dedication.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the <italic>FTO</italic> gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author summary</title><p>Decline in daily physical activity is thought to be a key contributor to the global obesity epidemic. However, the impact of sedentariness on adiposity may be in part determined by a person’s genetic constitution. The specific genetic variants that are sensitive to physical activity and regulate adiposity remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify genetic variants whose effects on adiposity are modified by physical activity by examining ~2.5 million genetic variants in up to 200,452 individuals. We also tested whether adjusting for physical activity as a covariate could lead to the identification of novel adiposity variants. We find robust evidence of interaction with physical activity for the strongest known obesity risk-locus in the <italic>FTO</italic> gene, of which the body mass index-increasing effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals. Our analyses indicate that other similar gene-physical activity interactions may exist, but better measurement of physical activity, larger sample sizes, and/or improved analytical methods will be required to identify them. Adjusting for physical activity, we identify 11 novel adiposity variants, suggesting that accounting for physical activity or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Funding for this study was provided by the Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; Academy of Finland (102318; 104781, 120315, 123885, 129619, 286284, 134309, 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378, 117787, 250207, 258753, 41071, 77299, 124243, 1114194, 24300796); Accare Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Action on Hearing Loss (G51); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); Age UK Research into Ageing Fund; Åke Wiberg Foundation; ALF/LUA Research Grant in Gothenburg; ALFEDIAM; ALK-Abello´ A/S (Hørsholm, Denmark); American Heart Association (13POST16500011, 10SDG269004); Ardix Medical; Arthritis Research UK; Association Diabète Risque Vasculaire; AstraZeneca; Australian Associated Brewers; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (241944, 339462, 389927, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 552485, 552498); Avera Research Institute; Bayer Diagnostics; Becton Dickinson; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI –NL, 184.021.007); Biocentrum Helsinki; Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (DK46200); British Heart Foundation (RG/10/12/28456, SP/04/002); Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN-CCT-83028); Cancer Research UK; Cardionics; Center for Medical Systems Biology; Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVECenter of Excellence in Genomics (EXCEGEN); Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government; City of Kuopio; Cohortes Santé TGIR; Contrat de Projets État-Région; Croatian Science Foundation (8875); Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF–1333-00124, DFF–1331-007308); Danish Diabetes Academy; Danish Medical Research Council; Department of Psychology and Education of the VU University Amsterdam; Diabetes Hilfs- und Forschungsfonds Deutschland; Dutch Brain Foundation; Dutch Ministry of Justice; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus University; Estonian Government (IUT20-60, IUT24-6); Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (3.2.0304.11-0312); European Commission (230374, 284167, 323195, 692145, FP7 EurHEALTHAgeing-277849, FP7 BBMRI-LPC 313010, nr 602633, HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, FP6 LSHM-CT-2004-005272, FP5 QLG2-CT-2002-01254, FP6 LSHG-CT-2006-01947, FP7 HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, FP7 279143, FP7 201668, FP7 305739, FP6 LSHG-CT-2006-018947, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, QLG1-CT-2001-01252); European Regional Development Fund; European Science Foundation (EuroSTRESS project FP-006, ESF, EU/QLRT-2001-01254); Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403, 03ZIK012, 03IS2061A); Federal State of Mecklenburg - West Pomerania; Fédération Française de Cardiologie; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Association; Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Heart Association; Food Standards Agency; Fondation de France; Fonds Santé; Genetic Association Information Network of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; German Diabetes Association; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01ER1206, 01ER1507); German Research Council (SFB-1052, SPP 1629 TO 718/2-1); GlaxoSmithKline; Göran Gustafssons Foundation; Göteborg Medical Society; Health and Safety Executive; Heart Foundation of Northern Sweden; Icelandic Heart Association; Icelandic Parliament; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; INSERM, Réseaux en Santé Publique, Interactions entre les déterminants de la santé; Interreg IV Oberrhein Program (A28); Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance; Italian Ministry of Health (ICS110.1/RF97.71); John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation; Juho Vainio Foundation; King's College London; Kjell och Märta Beijers Foundation; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds (X51001); Leiden University Medical Center; Lilly; LMUinnovativ; Lundbeck Foundation; Lundberg Foundation; Medical Research Council of Canada; MEKOS Laboratories (Denmark); Merck Santé; Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30 DK72488); Ministère de l’Économie, de l’Innovation et des Exportations; Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports of the Netherlands; Ministry of Cultural Affairs of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland (627;2004-2011); Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands; MRC Human Genetics Unit; MRC-GlaxoSmithKline Pilot Programme Grant (G0701863); Municipality of Rotterdam; Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (2008.024); Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (050-060-810); Netherlands Genomics Initiative; Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (904-61-090, 985-10-002, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192); Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (2010/31471/ZONMW); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (10-000-1002, GB-MW 940-38-011, 100-001-004, 60-60600-97-118, 261-98-710, GB-MaGW 480-01-006, GB-MaGW 480-07-001, GB-MaGW 452-04-314, GB-MaGW 452-06-004, 175.010.2003.005, 175.010.2005.011, 481-08-013, 480-05-003, 911-03-012); Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; NHS Foundation Trust; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Office National Interprofessionel des Vins; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Påhlssons Foundation; Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; Pierre Fabre; Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (108-1080315-0302); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region for Denmark; Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015, RIDE2); Roche; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043); Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository (NIMH U24 MH068457-06); Sanofi-Aventis; Scottish Executive Health Department (CZD/16/6); Siemens Healthcare; Social Insurance Institution of Finland (4/26/2010); Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Société Francophone du Diabète; State of Bavaria; Stroke Association; Swedish Diabetes Association; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20140543); Swedish Research Council (2015-03657); Swedish Medical Research Council (K2007-66X-20270-01-3, 2011-2354); Swedish Society for Medical Research; Swiss National Science Foundation (33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401); Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; The Marcus Borgström Foundation; The Royal Society; The Wellcome Trust (084723/Z/08/Z, 088869/B/09/Z); Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation; Topcon; Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg's Foundation; UK Department of Health; UK Diabetes Association; UK Medical Research Council (MC_U106179471, G0500539, G0600705, G0601966, G0700931, G1002319, K013351, MC_UU_12019/1); UK National Institute for Health Research BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre; UK National Institute for Health Research (RP-PG-0407-10371); Umeå University Career Development Award; United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant (2011036); University Hospital Oulu (75617); University Medical Center Groningen; University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG); National Institutes of Health (AG13196, CA047988, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, HHSC271201100004C, HHSN268200900041C, HHSN268201300025C, HHSN268201300026C, HHSN268201300027C, HHSN268201300028C, HHSN268201300029C, HHSN268201500001I, HL36310, HG002651, HL034594, HL054457, HL054481, HL071981, HL084729, HL119443, HL126024, N01-AG12100, N01-AG12109, N01-HC25195, N01-HC55015, N01-HC55016, N01-HC55018, N01-HC55019, N01-HC55020, N01-HC55021, N01-HC55022, N01-HD95159, N01-HD95160, N01-HD95161, N01-HD95162, N01-HD95163, N01-HD95164, N01-HD95165, N01-HD95166, N01-HD95167, N01-HD95168, N01-HD95169, N01-HG65403, N02-HL64278, R01-HD057194, R01-HL087641, R01-HL59367, R01HL-086694, R01-HL088451, R24-HD050924, U01-HG-004402, HHSN268200625226C, UL1-RR025005, UL1-RR025005, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-00040, AA07535, AA10248, AA11998, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AA14041, AA17688, DA12854, MH081802, MH66206, R01-D004215701A, R01-DK075787, R01-DK089256, R01-DK8925601, R01-HL088451, R01-HL117078, R01-DK062370, R01-DK072193, DK091718, DK100383, DK078616, 1Z01-HG000024, HL087660, HL100245, R01DK089256, 2T32HL007055-36, U01-HL072515-06, U01-HL84756, NIA-U01AG009740, RC2-AG036495, RC4-AG039029, R03 AG046389, 263-MA-410953, 263-MD-9164, 263-MD-821336, U01-HG004802, R37CA54281, R01CA63, P01CA33619, U01-CA136792, U01-CA98758, RC2-MH089951, MH085520, R01-D0042157-01A, MH081802, 1RC2-MH089951, 1RC2-MH089995, 1RL1MH08326801, U01-HG007376, 5R01-HL08767902, 5R01MH63706:02, HG004790, N01-WH22110, U01-HG007033, UM1CA182913, 24152, 32100-2, 32105-6, 32108-9, 32111-13, 32115, 32118-32119, 32122, 42107-26, 42129-32, 44221); USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2007-35205-17883); Västra Götaland Foundation; Velux Foundation; Veterans Affairs (1 IK2 BX001823); Vleugels Foundation; VU University’s Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; Wellcome Trust (090532, 091551, 098051, 098381); Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO; and Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><page-count count="26"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All genome-wide association meta-analysis results files are available at the GIANT Consortium website: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant">www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant</ext-link>.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All genome-wide association meta-analysis results files are available at the GIANT Consortium website: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant">www.broadinstitute.org/collaboration/giant</ext-link>.</p></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec001"><title>Introduction</title><p>In recent decades, we have witnessed a global obesity epidemic that may be driven by changes in lifestyle such as easier access to energy-dense foods and decreased physical activity (PA) [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref001" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. However, not everyone becomes obese in obesogenic environments. Twin studies suggest that changes in body weight in response to lifestyle interventions are in part determined by a person’s genetic constitution [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref002" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref004" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. Nevertheless, the genes that are sensitive to environmental influences remain largely unknown.</p><p>Previous studies suggest that genetic susceptibility to obesity, assessed by a genetic risk score for BMI, may be attenuated by PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref005" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. A large-scale meta-analysis of the <italic>FTO</italic> obesity locus in 218,166 adults showed that being physically active attenuates the BMI-increasing effect of this locus by ~30% [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]. While these findings suggest that <italic>FTO</italic>, and potentially other previously established BMI loci, may interact with PA, it has been hypothesized that loci showing the strongest main effect associations in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be the least sensitive to environmental and lifestyle influences, and may therefore not make the best candidates for interactions [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. Yet no genome-wide search for novel loci exhibiting SNP×PA interaction has been performed. A genome-wide meta-analysis of genotype-dependent phenotypic variance of BMI, a marker of sensitivity to environmental exposures, in ~170,000 participants identified <italic>FTO</italic>, but did not show robust evidence of environmental sensitivity for other loci [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses of adiposity traits in >320,000 individuals uncovered loci interacting with age and sex, but also suggested that very large sample sizes are required for interaction studies to be successful [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>].</p><p>Here, we report results from a large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP×PA interactions in adiposity in up to 200,452 adults. As part of these interaction analyses, we also examine whether adjusting for PA or jointly testing for SNP’s main effect and interaction with PA may identify novel adiposity loci.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec002"><title>Results</title><sec id="sec003"><title>Identification of loci interacting with PA</title><p>We performed meta-analyses of results from 60 studies, including up to 180,423 adults of European descent and 20,029 adults of other ancestries to assess interactions between ~2.5 million genotyped or HapMap-imputed SNPs and PA on BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference (WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>) and waist-hip ratio (WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s006">S1</xref>–<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s010">S5</xref> Tables). Similar to a previous meta-analysis of the interaction between <italic>FTO</italic> and PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>], we standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where on average ~23% of participants were categorized as inactive and ~77% as physically active (see <xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec009">Methods</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s011">S6 Table</xref>). On average, inactive individuals had 0.99 kg/m<sup>2</sup> higher BMI, 3.46 cm higher WC, and 0.018 higher WHR than active individuals (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s009">S4</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s010">S5</xref> Tables).</p><p>Each study first performed genome-wide association analyses for each SNP’s effect on BMI in the inactive and active groups separately. Corresponding summary statistics from each cohort were subsequently meta-analyzed, and the SNP×PA interaction effect was estimated by calculating the difference in the SNP’s effect between the inactive and active groups. To identify sex-specific SNP×PA interactions, we performed the meta-analyses separately in men and women, as well as in the combined sample. In addition, we carried out meta-analyses in European-ancestry studies only and in European and other-ancestry studies combined.</p><p>We used two approaches to identify loci whose effects are modified by PA. In the first approach, we searched for genome-wide significant SNP×PA interaction effects (P<sub>INT</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>). As shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="pgen.1006528.g001">Fig 1</xref>, this approach yielded the highest power to identify <italic>cross-over</italic> interaction effects where the SNP’s effect is directionally opposite between the inactive and active groups. However, this approach has low power to identify interaction effects where the SNP’s effect is directionally concordant between the inactive and active groups (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="pgen.1006528.g001">Fig 1</xref>). We identified a genome-wide significant interaction between rs986732 in <italic>cadherin 12 (CDH12)</italic> and PA on BMI in European-ancestry studies (beta<sub>INT</sub> = -0.076 SD/allele, P<sub>INT</sub> = 3.1x10<sup>-8</sup>, n = 134,767) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s012">S7 Table</xref>). The interaction effect was directionally consistent but did not replicate in an independent sample of 31,097 individuals (beta<sub>INT</sub> = -0.019 SD/allele, P<sub>INT</sub> = 0.52), and the pooled association P value for the discovery and replication stages combined did not reach genome-wide significance (N<sub>TOTAL</sub> = 165,864; P<sub>INT-TOTAL</sub> = 3x10<sup>-7</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s002">S1 Fig</xref>). No loci showed genome-wide significant interactions with PA on WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. <italic>CDH12</italic> encodes an integral membrane protein mediating calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion in the brain, where it may play a role in neurogenesis [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref011" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. While <italic>CDH12</italic> rs4701252 and rs268972 SNPs have shown suggestive associations with waist circumference (P = 2x10<sup>-6</sup>) and BMI (P = 5x10<sup>-5</sup>) in previous GWAS [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref013" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>], the SNPs are not in LD with rs986732 (r<sup>2</sup><0.1).</p><fig id="pgen.1006528.g001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528.g001</object-id><label>Fig 1</label><caption><title>Power to identify PA-adjusted main, joint or GxPA interaction effects in 200,000 individuals (45,000 inactive, 155,000 active).</title><p>The plots compare power to identify genome-wide significant main effects (P<sub>adjPA</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>, dashed black), joint effects (P<sub>JOINT</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>, dotted green) or GxPA interaction effects (P<sub>INT</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>, solid magenta) as well as the power to identify Bonferroni-corrected interaction effects (P<sub>INT</sub><0.05/number of loci, solid orange) for the SNPs that reached a genome-wide significant PA-adjusted main effect association (P<sub>adjPA</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>). The power computations were based on analytical power formulae provided elsewhere [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref050" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>] and were conducted a-priori based on various types of known realistic BMI effect sizes [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref051" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>]. <bold>Panels A, C, E</bold>: Assuming an effect in inactive individuals similar to a small (<inline-formula id="pgen.1006528.e001"><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.e001g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.e001"></graphic><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>, comparable to the known BMI effect of the <italic>NUDT3</italic> locus), medium (<inline-formula id="pgen.1006528.e002"><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.e002g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.e002"></graphic><mml:math id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.07</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>, comparable to the known BMI effect of the <italic>BDNF</italic> locus) and large (<inline-formula id="pgen.1006528.e003"><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.e003g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.e003"></graphic><mml:math id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.34</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>, comparable to the known BMI effect of the <italic>FTO</italic> locus) realistic effect on BMI and for various effects in physically active individuals (varied on the x axis); <bold>Panels B,D,F</bold>: Assuming an effect in physically active individuals similar to the small, medium and large realistic effects of the <italic>NUDT3</italic>, <italic>BDNF and FTO</italic> loci on BMI and for various effects in inactive individuals (varied on x axis).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1006528.g001"></graphic></fig><p>In our second approach, we tested interaction for loci showing a genome-wide significant main effect on BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s012">S7</xref>–<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s017">S12</xref> Tables). We adjusted the significance threshold for SNP×PA interaction by Bonferroni correction (P = 0.05/number of SNPs tested). As shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="pgen.1006528.g001">Fig 1</xref>, this approach enhanced our power to identify interaction effects where there is a difference in the magnitude of the SNP’s effect between inactive and active groups when the SNP’s effect is directionally concordant between the groups. We identified a significant SNP×PA interaction of the <italic>FTO</italic> rs9941349 SNP on BMI in the meta-analysis of European-ancestry individuals; the BMI-increasing effect was 33% smaller in active individuals (beta<sub>ACTIVE</sub> = 0.072 SD/allele) than in inactive individuals (beta<sub>INACTIVE</sub> = 0.106 SD/allele, P<sub>INT</sub> = 4x10<sup>-5</sup>). The rs9941349 SNP is in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.87) with <italic>FTO</italic> rs9939609 for which interaction with PA has been previously established in a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]. We identified no loci interacting with PA for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>.</p><p>In a previously published meta-analysis [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>], the <italic>FTO</italic> locus showed a geographic difference for the interaction effect where the interaction was more pronounced in studies from North America than in those from Europe. To test for geographic differences in the present study, we performed additional meta-analyses for the <italic>FTO</italic> rs9941349 SNP, stratified by geographic origin (North America vs. Europe). While the interaction effect was more pronounced in studies from North America (beta<sub>INT</sub> = 0.052 SD/allele, P = 5x10<sup>-4</sup>, N = 63,896) than in those from Europe (beta<sub>INT</sub> = 0.028 SD/allele, P = 0.006, N = 109,806), we did not find a statistically significant difference between the regions (P = 0.14).</p><sec id="sec004"><title>Explained phenotypic variance in inactive and active individuals</title><p>We tested whether the variance explained by ~1.1 million common variants (MAF≥1%) differed between the inactive and active groups for BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. In the physically active individuals, the variants explained ~20% less of variance in BMI than in inactive individuals (12.4% vs. 15.7%, respectively; P<sub>difference</sub> = 0.046), suggesting that PA may reduce the impact of genetic predisposition to adiposity overall. There was no significant difference in the variance explained between active and inactive groups for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> (8.6% for active, 9.3% for inactive; P<sub>difference</sub> = 0.70) or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (6.9% for active, 8.0% for inactive; P<sub>difference</sub> = 0.59).</p><p>To further investigate differences in explained variance between the inactive and active groups, we calculated variance explained by subsets of SNPs selected based on significance thresholds (ranging from P = 5x10<sup>-8</sup> to P = 0.05) of PA-adjusted SNP association with BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>] (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s018">S13 Table</xref>). We found 17–26% smaller explained variance for BMI in the active group than in the inactive group at all P value thresholds (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s018">S13 Table</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>Identification of novel loci when adjusting for PA or when jointly testing for SNP main effect and interaction with PA</title><p>Physical activity contributes to variation in BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, hence, adjusting for PA as a covariate may enhance power to identify novel adiposity loci. To that extent, each study performed genome-wide analyses for association with BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> while adjusting for PA. Subsequently, we performed meta-analyses of the study-specific results. We discovered 10 genome-wide significant loci (2 for BMI, 1 for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, 7 for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) that have not been reported in previous GWAS of adiposity traits (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s003">S2</xref>–<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s005">S4</xref> Figs).</p><table-wrap id="pgen.1006528.t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Novel loci achieving genome-wide significance (P<5x10<sup>-8</sup>) in meta-analyses for PA-adjusted SNP main effect (P<sub>adjPA</sub>) or the joint test of SNP main effect and SNP-PA interaction (P<sub>joint</sub>).</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.t001g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.t001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trait</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marker</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nearest Gene</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pos (hg19)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trait increasing/decreasing allele</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trait increasing allele’s frequency</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Analysis</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N<sub>adjPA</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta<sub>adjPA</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE<sub>adjPA</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<sub>adjPA</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<sub>int</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<sub>joint</sub></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" colspan="14" rowspan="1"><bold>Novel loci achieving genome-wide significance in European-ancestry meta-analyses</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">BMI</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs1720825</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>MRAS</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">138,108,083</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178833</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0047</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.98E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.62E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.67E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102854</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0281</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.84E-06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.27E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.35E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47544</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0069</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.91E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.95E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30E-02</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">BMI</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs1934100</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>ELAVL2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">23,234,308</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">A/T</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140811</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0179</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0049</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.43E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.99E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.15E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85142</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0048</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.18E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.89E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.37E-01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41958</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0377</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.18E-07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.84E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.70E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WC<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs7176527</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>ZSCAN2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">85,140,794</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">C/T</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130413</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0317</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0054</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5.98E-09</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.80E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77349</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0303</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37E-05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.36E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52918</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0342</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0084</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.55E-05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.23E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.50E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs4650943</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>PAPPA2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">176,414,781</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.53</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113963</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0267</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0048</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.34E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.77E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.76E-08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69016</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0301</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.66E-07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.79E-03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.57E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44430</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0212</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0073</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.55E-03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.73E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.64E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs2300481</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>MEIS1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">66,782,467</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">T/C</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110881</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0267</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0048</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.41E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.80E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.93E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66519</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0288</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0059</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19E-06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.71E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43845</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0258</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0073</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.14E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00E+00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.82E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs167025</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>ARHGEF28</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">73,433,308</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.33</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117603</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0179</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0048</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.13E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.01E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.64E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70494</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0023</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.01E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.50E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.32E-01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46591</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0427</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6.24E-09</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.73E-09</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs3094013</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>HCP5</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">31,434,366</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149338</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0269</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0061</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06E-05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.98E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.93E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84538</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0104</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0078</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.82E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.50E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.78E-01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64138</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0494</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4.51E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.91E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.87E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs6976930</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>BAZ1B</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">72,885,810</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">G/A</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145913</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0294</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0051</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.03E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.28E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.87E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83184</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0326</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0066</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.70E-07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.00E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.02E-06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62149</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0254</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0075</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.69E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.93E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.10E-03</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs10786152</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>PLCE1</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">95,893,514</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">A/G</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.52</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">147123</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0224</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.79E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.76E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.44E-08</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83884</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0192</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0051</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.81E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62722</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0255</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0058</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32E-05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.38E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.89E-05</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs889512</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>CTRB2</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">75,242,012</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">C/G</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.88</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117417</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.70E-05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.26E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70315</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0506</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0091</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.87E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.96E-02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46440</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.0022</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0114</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.50E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.06E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.80E-01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="14" rowspan="1"><bold>Novel loci achieving genome-wide significance in all-ancestry meta-analyses</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">BMI</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">rs754635</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>CCK</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">42,305,131</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">G/C</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">151282</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0356</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0062</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.07E-08</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.21E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.28E-07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91241</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0079</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.66E-04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.69E-04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62741</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0486</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0093</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.61E-07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.98E-01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.68E-06</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t001fn001"><p>Chr: chromosome; Pos(hg19): position based on human assembly 19; N<sub>adjPA</sub>, Beta<sub>adjPA</sub>, SE<sub>adjPA</sub>, or P<sub>adjPA</sub>: sample size, effect size, standard error, or P value, respectively, in the physical activity adjusted SNP main effect model; PA: physical activity; WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>: BMI-adjusted waist circumference; WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>: BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio; P<sub>int</sub>: P value for SNP-PA interaction; P<sub>joint</sub>: P value for the joint test of SNP main effect and SNP-PA interaction.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>To establish whether additionally accounting for SNP×PA interactions would identify novel loci, we calculated the joint significance of PA-adjusted SNP main effect and SNP×PA interaction using the method of Aschard et al [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. As illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="pgen.1006528.g001">Fig 1</xref>, the joint test enhanced our power to identify loci where the SNP shows simultaneously a main effect and an interaction effect. We identified a novel BMI locus near <italic>ELAVL2</italic> in men (P<sub>JOINT</sub> = 4x10<sup>-8</sup>), which also showed suggestive evidence of interaction with PA (P<sub>INT</sub> = 9x10<sup>-4</sup>); the effect of the BMI-increasing allele was attenuated by 71% in active as compared to inactive individuals (beta<sub>INACTIVE</sub> = 0.087 SD/allele, beta<sub>ACTIVE</sub> = 0.025 SD/allele) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s003">S2</xref>–<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s005">S4</xref> Figs).</p><p>To evaluate the effect of PA adjustment on the results for the 11 novel loci, we performed a look-up in published GIANT consortium meta-analyses for BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> that did not adjust for PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>] (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s027">S22 Table</xref>). All 11 loci showed a consistent direction of effect between the present PA-adjusted and the previously published PA-unadjusted results, but the PA-unadjusted associations were less pronounced despite up to 40% greater sample size, suggesting that adjustment for PA may have increased our power to identify these loci.</p><p>The biological relevance of putative candidate genes in the novel loci, based on our thorough searches of the literature, GWAS catalog look-ups, and analyses of eQTL enrichment and overlap with functional regulatory elements, are described in Tables <xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t002">2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t003">3</xref>. As the novel loci were identified in a PA-adjusted model, where adjusting for PA may have contributed to their identification, we examined whether the lead SNPs in these loci are associated with the level of PA. More specifically, we performed look-ups in GWAS analyses for the levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time PA (n = 80,035), TV-viewing time (n = 28,752), and sedentary behavior at work (n = 59,381) or during transportation (n = 15,152) [personal communication with Marcel den Hoed, Marilyn Cornelis, and Ruth Loos]. However, we did not find significant associations when correcting for the number of loci that were examined (P>0.005) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s021">S16 Table</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="pgen.1006528.t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528.t002</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Genes of biological interest within 500 kb of lead SNPs associated with BMI.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.t002g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.t002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>CCK (rs754635)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP is located in intron 1 of the <italic>CCK</italic> gene that encodes cholecystokinin, a gastrointestinal peptide that stimulates the digestion of fat and protein in the small intestine by inhibiting gastric emptying, inducing the release of pancreatic enzymes, increasing production of hepatic bile, and causing contraction of the gallbladder. Cholecystokinin induces satiety and reduces the amount of food consumed when administered prior to a meal [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref052" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref053" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>]. In a candidate gene study, four common variants in <italic>CCK</italic> were associated with increased meal size [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref054" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>], but the variants are not in LD with rs754635 (r<sup>2</sup><0.1). A GWAS of BMI in 62,246 individuals of East Asian ancestry showed a suggestive association (P = 2x10<sup>-7</sup>) for the rs4377469 SNP in high LD with our lead SNP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.7) [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref055" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>].</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>ELAVL2 (rs1934100)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP showed an association with BMI only in men (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>). The only nearby gene <italic>ELAVL2</italic> (455 kb away) is a conserved neuron-specific RNA-binding protein involved in stabilization or enhanced translation of specific mRNAs with AU-rich elements in the 3’-untranslated region [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref056" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>]. While <italic>ELAVL2</italic> is implicated in neuronal differentiation [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref056" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>], potential mechanisms linking this function to obesity remain unclear.</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>MRAS (rs1720825)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP is an intronic variant in <italic>MRAS</italic>. The <italic>MRAS</italic> rs1199333 SNP, in high LD with rs1720825 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.85), has shown suggestive association with typical sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Chinese Han population (P = 4x10<sup>-6</sup>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>). Other <italic>MRAS</italic> SNPs have been associated with risk of coronary artery disease [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref057" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>] but they are not in LD with rs1720825 (r<sup>2</sup><0.06). <italic>MRAS</italic> encodes a member of the membrane-associated Ras small GTPase protein family that function as signal transducers in multiple processes of cell growth and differentiation and are involved in energy expenditure, adipogenesis, muscle differentiation, insulin signaling and glucose metabolism [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref058" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref060" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]. Mice with <italic>Mras</italic> knockout develop a severe obesity phenotype [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref061" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>]. The SNP rs1199334, in high LD with our lead SNP rs1720825 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.90), has been identified as the SNP most strongly associated with the <italic>cis</italic>-expression of centrosomal protein 70kDa (<italic>CEP70</italic>) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 2x10<sup>-7</sup>) (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s020">S15 Table</xref>). <italic>CEP70</italic> encodes a centrosomal protein that is critical for the regulation of mitotic spindle assembly, playing an essential role in cell cycle progression [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref062" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>].</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="pgen.1006528.t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528.t003</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Genes of biological interest within 500 kb of lead SNPs associated with WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pgen.1006528.t003g" xlink:href="pgen.1006528.t003"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>ZSCAN2 (rs7176527)</italic>:</bold> Twenty two genes lie within 500kb of the WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>-associated lead SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>). The nearest gene, <italic>ZSCAN2</italic>, contains several copies of a zinc finger motif commonly found in transcriptional regulatory proteins. The rs7176527 SNP is in LD (r<sup>2</sup>>0.80) with five SNPs (rs3762168, rs2762169, rs12594450, rs72630460, and rs16974951) that are enhancers in multiple tissues in the data from Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref022" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]. The rs7176527 SNP is a <italic>cis</italic>-eQTL for the putative transcriptional regulator <italic>SCAND2</italic> [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref063" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>] in the intestine, prefrontal cortex, and lymphocytes (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s020">S15 Table</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>PAPPA2 (rs4650943)</italic>:</bold> Seven genes lie within 500kb of the lead SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>). The nearest gene, <italic>PAPPA2</italic>, is 18 kb upstream of rs4650943 and codes for a protease that locally regulates insulin-like growth factor availability through cleavage of IGF binding protein 5, most commonly found in bone tissue. In murine models, the PAPP-A2 protein has been shown to influence overall body size and bone growth, but not glucose metabolism or adiposity [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref064" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref066" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>].</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>MEIS1 (rs2300481)</italic>:</bold> The only gene within 500 kb of the lead SNP is <italic>MEIS1</italic> encoding a homeobox protein that plays an important role in normal organismal growth and development. Two variants in high LD with the lead SNP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95) have been identified for association with PR interval of the heart (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>). Another variant, in low LD with rs2300481 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.25), has been associated with restless leg syndrome [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref067" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>]–a sleeping disorder that may cause weight gain [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref068" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>].</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>ARHGEF28 (rs167025)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP showed an association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in men only (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>). There are two protein-coding genes within 500kb of rs167025. The nearest gene is <italic>ARHGEF28</italic>, 195 kb downstream, encoding Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28. This exchange factor has been shown to destabilize low molecular weight neurofilament mRNAs in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, leading to degeneration and death of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle movement [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref069" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref070" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>]. The <italic>ENC1</italic> gene, 490 kb away, encodes Ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1, an actin-binding protein required for adipocyte differentiation [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref071" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>HCP5 (rs3094013)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP showed an association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in men only (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>). The rs3094013 SNP is located in the MHC complex on chromosome 6, and the region within 500kb contains 124 genes (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>). The known WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>-increasing allele rs3099844, in strong LD with our lead SNP (r<sup>2</sup>≥0.8), has previously been associated with increased HDL-cholesterol levels [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref072" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>]. Candidate gene studies suggest that rs1800629 in <italic>tumor necrosis factor</italic> (<italic>TNF</italic>), which is 109 kb upstream and in moderate LD (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.64) with the lead SNP, may interact with physical activity to decrease serum CRP levels [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref073" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref074" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>]. We did not, however, find an interaction between rs1800629 and physical activity on WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> (P = 0.3).</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>BAZ1B (rs6976930)</italic>:</bold> There are 31 genes within 500kb the lead SNP rs6976930 (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>) which is in high LD (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8) with GWAS hits associated with protein C levels, triglycerides, serum urate levels, lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>). The rs6976930 SNP shows an eQTL association with <italic>MLXIPL</italic> expression in omental (P = 7x10<sup>-22</sup>) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 4x10<sup>-14</sup>). <italic>MLXIPL</italic> is 122 kb downstream of rs6976930 and codes for a transcription factor that binds carbohydrate response motifs, increasing transcription of genes involved in glycolysis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref075" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref076" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>].</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>PLCE1 (rs10786152)</italic>:</bold> There are 8 genes within 500 kb of the lead SNP (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>). The lead SNP lies within the intron of <italic>PLCE1</italic> encoding a phospholipase involved in cellular growth and differentiation and gene expression among many other biological processes involving phospholipids [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref077" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>]. Variants in this gene have been shown to cause nephrotic syndrome, type 3 [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref078" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>]. Nearby variants rs9663362 and rs932764 (r<sup>2</sup> = 1.0 and 0.85, respectively) have been previously associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>).</td></tr><tr><td align="justify" style="background-color:#A6A6A6" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="justify" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>CTRB2 (rs889512)</italic>:</bold> The lead SNP showed an association with WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> in women only (<xref ref-type="table" rid="pgen.1006528.t001">Table 1</xref>). There are 17 genes within 500 kb (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s004">S3 Fig</xref>). The nearby rs4888378 SNP has been associated with carotid intima-media thickness in women but not in men, and <italic>BCAR1</italic> (<italic>breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1</italic>) has been implicated as the causal gene [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref079" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>]. The rs488378 SNP is not, however, in LD with our lead SNP (r<sup>2</sup><0.1). The SNP rs7202877, in moderate LD with rs889512 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.6), is a risk variant for type 1 diabetes (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>). The data from Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref022" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>] suggest that five variants in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8) with our lead SNP rest in known regulatory regions, including rs9936550 within an active enhancer region and rs72802352 in a DNAse hypersensitive region for human skeletal muscle cells and myoblasts; and rs147630228 and rs111869668 within active enhancer regions for the pancreas. Additionally, rs111869668 rests within binding motifs for CEBPB and CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-Beta and Delta) which are enhancer proteins involved in adipogenesis [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref080" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref081" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>].</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="sec006"><title>Identification of secondary signals</title><p>In addition to uncovering 11 novel adiposity loci, our PA-adjusted GWAS and the joint test of SNP main effect and SNP×PA interaction confirmed 148 genome-wide significant loci (50 for BMI, 58 for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>, 40 for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) that have been established in previous main effect GWAS for adiposity traits (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s012">S7</xref>–<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s017">S12</xref> Tables, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s005">S4 Fig</xref>). The lead SNPs in eight of the previously established loci (5 for BMI, 3 for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub>), however, showed no LD or only weak LD (r<sup>2</sup><0.3) with the published lead SNP, suggesting they could represent novel secondary signals in known loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s022">S17 Table</xref>). To test whether these eight signals are independent of the previously published signals, we performed conditional analyses [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. Three of the eight SNPs we examined, in/near <italic>NDUFS4</italic>, <italic>MEF2C-AS1</italic> and <italic>CPA1</italic>, were associated with WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> with P<5x10<sup>-8</sup> in our PA-adjusted GWAS even after conditioning on the published lead SNP, hence representing novel secondary signals in these loci (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s022">S17 Table</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="sec007"><title>Enrichment of the identified loci with functional regulatory elements</title><p>Epigenetic variation may underlie gene-environment interactions observed in epidemiological studies [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref020" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>] and PA has been shown to induce marked epigenetic changes in the genome [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref021" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. We examined whether the BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci reaching P<1x10<sup>-5</sup> for interaction with PA (13 loci for BMI, 5 for WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) show overall enrichment with chromatin states in adipose, brain and muscle tissues available from the Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref022" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]. However, we did not find significant enrichment (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s023">S18</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s024">S19</xref> Tables), which may be due to the limited number of identified loci. The lack of significant findings may also be due to the assessment of chromatin states in the basal state, which may not reflect the dynamic changes that occur when cells are perturbed by PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref023" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>].</p><p>We also tested whether the loci reaching P<5x10<sup>-8</sup> in our PA-adjusted GWAS of BMI or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> show enrichment with chromatin states and found significant enrichment of the BMI loci with enhancer, weak transcription, and polycomb-repressive elements in several brain cell lines, and with enhancer elements in three muscle cell lines (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s025">S20</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s026">S21</xref> Tables). We also found significant enrichment of the WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci with enhancer elements in three adipose and six muscle cell lines, with active transcription start sites in two adipose cell lines, and with polycomb-repressive elements in seven brain cell lines. The enrichment of our PA-adjusted main effect results with chromatin annotations in skeletal muscle in particular, the tissue most affected by PA, could highlight regulatory mechanisms that may be influenced by PA.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec008"><title>Discussion</title><p>In this genome-wide meta-analysis of more than 200,000 adults, we do not find evidence of interaction with PA for loci other than the established <italic>FTO</italic> locus. However, when adjusting for PA or jointly testing for SNP main effect and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may increase power for gene discovery.</p><p>Our results suggest that if SNP×PA interaction effects for common variants exist, they are unlikely to be of greater magnitude than observed for <italic>FTO</italic>, the BMI-increasing effect of which is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals. The fact that common SNPs explain less of the BMI variance among physically active compared to inactive individuals indicates that further interactions may exist, but larger meta-analyses, more accurate and precise measurement of PA, and/or improved analytical methods will be required to identify them. We found no difference between inactive and active individuals in variance explained by common SNPs in aggregate for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, and no loci interacted with PA on WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. Therefore, PA may not modify genetic influences as strongly for body fat distribution as for overall adiposity. Furthermore, while differences in variance explained by common variants may be due to genetic effects being modified by PA, it is important to note that heritability can change in the absence of changes in genetic effects, if environmental variation differs between the inactive and active groups. Therefore, the lower BMI variance explained in the active group could be partly due to a potentially greater environmental variation in this group.</p><p>While we replicated the previously observed interaction between <italic>FTO</italic> and PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>], it remains unclear what biological mechanisms underlie the attenuation in <italic>FTO</italic>’s effect in physically active individuals, and whether the interaction is due to PA or due to confounding by other environmental exposures. While some studies suggest that <italic>FTO</italic> may interact with diet [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref024" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref026" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>], a recent meta-analysis of 177,330 individuals did not find interaction between <italic>FTO</italic> and dietary intakes of total energy, protein, carbohydrate or fat [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]. The obesity-associated <italic>FTO</italic> variants are located in a super-enhancer region [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref028" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>] and have been associated with DNA methylation levels [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref029" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>–<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref031" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>], suggesting that this region may be sensitive to epigenetic effects that could mediate the interaction between <italic>FTO</italic> and PA.</p><p>In genome-wide analyses for SNP main effects adjusting for PA, or when testing for the joint significance of SNP main effect and SNPxPA interaction, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, even though our sample size was up to 40% smaller than in the largest published main effect meta-analyses [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]. Our findings suggest that accounting for PA may facilitate the discovery of novel adiposity loci. Similarly, accounting for other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity could lead to the discovery of additional loci.</p><p>In the present meta-analyses, statistical power to identify SNPxPA interactions may have been limited due to challenges relating to the measurement and statistical modeling of PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref005" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Of the 60 participating studies, 56 assessed PA by self-report while 4 used wearable PA monitors. Measurement error and bias inherent in self-report estimates of PA [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref032" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>] can attenuate effect sizes for SNP×PA interaction effects towards the null [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref033" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]. Measurement using PA monitors provides more consistent results, but the monitors are not able to cover all types of activities and the measurement covers a limited time span compared to questionnaires [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref034" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]. As sample size requirements increase nonlinearly when effect sizes decrease, any factor that leads to a deflation in the observed interaction effect estimates may make their detection very difficult, even when very large population samples are available for analysis. Finally, because of the wide differences in PA assessment tools used among the participating studies, we treated PA as a dichotomous variable, harmonizing PA into inactive and active individuals. Considerable loss of power is anticipated when a continuous PA variable is dichotomized [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref035" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]. Our power could be enhanced by using a continuous PA variable if a few larger studies with equivalent, quantitative PA measurements were available.</p><p>In summary, while our results suggest that adjusting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may increase power for gene discovery, we do not find evidence of SNP×PA interaction effects stronger than that observed for <italic>FTO</italic>. While other SNP×PA interaction effects on adiposity are likely to exist, combining many small studies with varying characteristics and PA assessment tools may be inefficient for identifying such effects [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref005" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Access to large cohorts with quantitative, equivalent PA variables, measured with relatively high accuracy and precision, may be necessary to uncover novel SNP×PA interactions.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec009"><title>Methods</title><sec id="sec010"><title>Main analyses</title><sec id="sec011"><title>Ethics statement</title><p>All studies were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The studies were approved by the local ethical review boards and all study participants provided written informed consent for the collection of samples and subsequent analyses.</p></sec><sec id="sec012"><title>Outcome traits—BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub></title><p>We examined three anthropometric traits related to overall adiposity (BMI) or body fat distribution (WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>) [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref036" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>] that were available from a large number of studies. Before the association analyses, we calculated sex-specific residuals by adjusting for age, age<sup>2</sup>, BMI (for WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> traits only), and other necessary study-specific covariates, such as genotype-derived principal components. Subsequently, we normalized the distributions of sex-specific trait residuals using inverse normal transformation.</p></sec><sec id="sec013"><title>Physical activity</title><p>Physical activity was assessed and quantified in various ways in the participating studies of the meta-analysis (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s006">S1</xref> and <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s011">S6</xref> Tables). Aiming to amass as large a sample size as possible, we harmonized PA by categorizing it into a simple dichotomous variable—physically inactive vs. active—that could be derived in a relatively consistent way in all participating studies, and that would be consistent with previous findings on gene-physical activity interactions and the relationship between activity levels and health outcomes. In studies with categorical PA data, individuals were defined inactive if they reported having a sedentary occupation and being sedentary during transport and leisure-time (<1 h of moderate intensity leisure-time or commuting PA per week). All other individuals were defined physically active. Previous studies in large-scale individual cohorts have demonstrated that the interaction between <italic>FTO</italic>, or a BMI-increasing genetic risk score, with physical activity, is most pronounced approximately at this activity level [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref037" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>, <xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref038" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]. In studies with continuous PA data, PA variables were standardized by defining individuals belonging to the lowest sex- and age-adjusted quintile of PA levels as inactive, and all other individuals as active. The study-specific coding of the dichotomous PA variable in each study is described in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s011">S6 Table</xref>.</p></sec><sec id="sec014"><title>Study-specific association analyses</title><p>We included 42 studies with genome-wide data, 10 studies with Metabochip data, and eight studies with both genome-wide and Metabochip data. If both genome-wide and Metabochip data were available for the same individual, we only included the genome-wide data (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s006">S1 Table</xref>). Studies with genome-wide genotyped data used either Affymetrix or Illumina arrays (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s007">S2 Table</xref>). Following study-specific quality control measures, the genotype data were imputed using the HapMap phase II reference panel (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s007">S2 Table</xref>). Studies with Metabochip data used the custom Illumina HumanCardio-Metabo BeadChip containing ~195K SNPs designed to support large-scale follow-up of known associations with metabolic and cardiovascular traits [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref039" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]. Each study ran autosomal SNP association analyses with BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> across their array of genetic data using the following linear regression models in men and women separately: 1) active individuals only; 2) inactive individuals only; and 3) active and inactive individuals combined, adjusting for the PA stratum. In studies that included families or closely related individuals, regression coefficients were estimated using a variance component model that modeled relatedness in men and women combined, with sex as a covariate, in addition to the sex-specific analyses. The additive genetic effect for each SNP and phenotype association was estimated using linear regression. For studies with a case-control design (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s006">S1 Table</xref>), cases and controls were analyzed separately.</p></sec><sec id="sec015"><title>Quality control of study-specific association results</title><p>All study-specific files for the three regression models listed above were processed through a standardized quality control protocol using the EasyQC software [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref040" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]. The study-specific quality control measures included checks on file completeness, range of test statistics, allele frequencies, trait transformation, population stratification, and filtering out of low quality data. Checks on file completeness included screening for missing alleles, effect estimates, allele frequencies, and other missing data. Checks on range of test statistics included screening for invalid statistics such as P-values >1 or <0, negative standard errors, or SNPs with low minor allele count (MAC, calculated as MAF*N, where MAF is the minor allele frequency and N is the sample size) and where SNPs with MAC<5 in the inactive or the active group were removed. The correctness of trait transformation to inverse normal was examined by plotting 2/median of the standard error with the square root of the sample size. Population stratification was examined by calculating the study specific genomic control inflation factor (λ<sub>GC</sub>) [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref041" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]. If a study had λ<sub>GC</sub>>1.1, the study analyst was contacted and asked to revise the analyses by adjusting for principal components. The allele frequencies in each study were examined for strand issues and miscoded alleles by plotting effect allele frequencies against the corresponding allele frequencies from the HapMap2 reference panel. Finally, low quality data were filtered out by removing monomorphic SNPs, imputed SNPs with poor imputation quality (r2_hat <0.3 in MACH [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref042" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>], observed/expected dosage variance <0.3 in BIMBAM [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref043" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>], proper_info <0.4 in IMPUTE [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref044" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]), and genotyped SNPs with a low call-rate (<95%) or that were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<10<sup>−6</sup>).</p></sec><sec id="sec016"><title>Meta-analyses</title><p>Beta-coefficients and standard errors were combined by an inverse-variance weighted fixed effect method, implemented using the METAL software [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref045" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]. We performed meta-analyses for each of the three models (active, inactive, active + inactive adjusted for PA) in men only, in women only, and in men and women combined. Study-specific GWAS results were corrected for genomic control using all SNPs. Study-specific Metabochip results as well as the meta-analysis results for GWAS and Metabochip combined were corrected for genomic control using 4,425 SNPs included on the Metabochip for replication of associations with QT-interval, a phenotype not correlated with BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, after pruning of SNPs within 500 kb of an anthropometry replication SNP. We excluded SNPs that 1) were not available in at least half of the maximum sample size in each stratum; 2) had a heterogeneity I<sup>2</sup> >75%, or 3) were missing chromosomal and base position annotation in dbSNP.</p></sec><sec id="sec017"><title>Calculation of the significance of SNP×PA interaction and of the joint significance of SNP main effect and SNP×PA interaction</title><p>To identify SNP×PA interactions, we used the EasyStrata R package [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref046" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>] to test for the difference in meta-analyzed beta-coefficients between the active and inactive groups for the association of each SNP with BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>. Easystrata tests for differences in effect estimates between the active and inactive strata by subtracting one beta from the other (β<sub>active</sub>−β<sub>inactive</sub>,) and dividing by the overall standard error of the difference as follows:
<disp-formula id="pgen.1006528.e004"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1006528.e004.jpg" id="pgen.1006528.e004g" mimetype="image" position="anchor" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>where <italic>r</italic> is the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between β<sub>active</sub> and β<sub>inactive</sub> for all genome-wide SNPs. The joint significance of the SNP main and SNP×PA interaction effects was estimated using the method by Aschard et al. [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>] which is a joint test for genetic main effects and gene-environment interaction effects where gene-environment interaction is calculated as the difference in effect estimates between two exposure strata, accounting for 2 degrees of freedom.</p></sec><sec id="sec018"><title>Testing for secondary signals</title><p>Approximate conditional analyses were conducted using GCTA version 1.24 [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. In the analyses for SNPs identified in our meta-analyses of European-ancestry individuals only, LD correlations between SNPs were estimated using a reference sample comprised of European-ancestry participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. In the analyses for SNPs identified in our meta-analyses of all ancestries combined, the reference sample comprised 93% of European-ancestry individuals and 6% of African ancestry participants from ARIC, as well as 1% of CHB and JPT samples from the HapMap2 panel, to approximate the ancestry mixture in our all ancestry meta-analyses. To test if our identified SNPs were independent secondary signals that fell within 1 Mbp of a previously established signal, we used the GCTA—cojo-cond command to condition our lead SNPs on each previously established SNP in the same locus.</p></sec><sec id="sec019"><title>Replication analysis for the <italic>CDH12</italic> locus</title><p>The replication analysis for the <italic>CDH12</italic> locus included participants from the EPIC-Norfolk (N<sub>INACTIVE</sub> = 4,755, N<sub>ACTIVE</sub> = 11,526) and Fenland studies (N<sub>INACTIVE</sub> = 1,213, N<sub>ACTIVE</sub> = 4,817), and from the random subcohort of the EPIC-InterAct Consortium (N<sub>INACTIVE</sub> = 2,154, N<sub>ACTIVE</sub> = 6,632). PA stratum-specific estimates of the association of <italic>CDH12</italic> with BMI were assessed and meta-analyzed by fixed effects meta-analyses, and the differences between the PA-strata were determined as described above.</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec020"><title>Examining the influence of BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>-associated loci on other complex traits and their potential functional roles</title><sec id="sec021"><title>NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog lookups</title><p>To identify associations of the novel BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci with other complex traits in published GWAS, we extracted previously reported GWAS associations within 500 kb and r<sup>2</sup>>0.6 with any of the lead SNPs, from the GWAS Catalog of the National Human Genome Research Institute and European Bioinformatics Institute [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref047" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>] (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pgen.1006528.s019">S14 Table</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="sec022"><title>eQTLs</title><p>We examined the <italic>cis</italic>-associations of the novel BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci with the expression of nearby genes from various tissues by performing a look-up in a library of >100 published expression datasets, as described previously by Zhang et al [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref048" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>]. In addition, we examined <italic>cis</italic>-associations using gene expression data derived from fasting peripheral whole blood in the Framingham Heart Study [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref049" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>] (n = 5,206), adjusting for PA, age, age<sup>2</sup>, sex and cohort. For each novel locus, we evaluated the association of all transcripts ±1 Mb from the lead SNP. To minimize the potential for false positives, we only considered associations where our lead SNP or its proxy (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8) was either the peak SNP associated with the expression of a gene transcript in the region, or in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8) with the peak SNP.</p></sec><sec id="sec023"><title>Overlap with functional regulatory elements</title><p>We used the Uncovering Enrichment Through Simulation method to combine the genetic association data with the Roadmap Epigenomics Project segmentation data [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref022" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]. First, 10,000 sets of random SNPs were selected among HapMap2 SNPs with a MAF >0.05 that matched the original input SNPs based on proximity to a transcription start site and the number of LD partners (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8 in individuals of European ancestry in the 1000 Genomes Project). The LD partners were combined with their original lead SNPs to create 10,000 sets of matched random SNPs and their respective LD partners. These sets were intersected with the 15-state ChromHMM data from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project and resultant co-localizations were collapsed from total SNPs down to loci, which were then used to calculate an empirical P value when comparing the original SNPs to the random sets. We examined the enrichment for all loci reaching P<10<sup>−5</sup> for SNP×PA interaction combined, and for all loci reaching P<5x10<sup>-8</sup> in the PA-adjusted SNP main effect model combined. In addition, we examined the variant-specific overlap with regulatory elements for each of the index SNPs of the novel BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> loci and variants in strong LD (r<sup>2</sup>>0.8).</p></sec><sec id="sec024"><title>Estimation of variance explained in inactive and active groups</title><p>We compared variance explained for BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub> between the active and inactive groups using two approaches. First, we used a method previously reported by Kutalik et al [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>], and selected subsets of SNPs based on varying P value thresholds (ranging from 5x10<sup>-8</sup> to 0.05) from the SNP main effect model adjusted for PA. Each subset of SNPs was clumped into independent regions using a physical distance criterion of <500kb, and the most significant lead SNP within the respective region was selected. For each lead SNP, the explained variance was calculated as:
<disp-formula id="pgen.1006528.e005"><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="pgen.1006528.e005.jpg" id="pgen.1006528.e005g" mimetype="image" position="anchor" orientation="portrait"></graphic><mml:math id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></disp-formula>in the active and inactive groups separately, where <italic>N</italic> is the sample size and <italic>P</italic> is the P value for SNP main effect in active or inactive strata. Finally, the variance explained by each subset of SNPs in the active and inactive strata was estimated by summing up the variance explained by the SNPs.</p><p>Second, we applied the LD Score regression tool developed by Bulik-Sullivan et al [<xref rid="pgen.1006528.ref014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>] to quantify the proportion of inflation due to polygenicity (heritability) rather than confounding (cryptic relatedness or population stratification) using meta-analysis summary results. LD Score regression leverages LD between causal and index variants to distinguish true signals by regressing meta-analysis summary results on an ‘LD Score’, i.e. the cumulative genetic variation that an index SNP tags. To obtain heritability estimates by PA strata, we regressed our summary results from the genome-wide meta-analyses of BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> and WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>, stratified by PA status (active and inactive), on pre-calculated LD Scores available in HapMap3 reference samples of up to 1,061,094 variants with MAF≥1% and N>10<sup>th</sup> percentile of the total sample size.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="sec025"><title>Supporting information</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s001"><label>S1 Acknowledgements</label><caption><title>A full list of acknowledgements.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s001.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s002"><label>S1 Fig</label><caption><title>Interaction between the <italic>CDH12</italic> locus and physical activity on BMI in the discovery genome-wide meta-analysis (n = 134,767), in the independent replication sample (n = 31,097), and in the discovery and replication samples combined.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s002.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s003"><label>S2 Fig</label><caption><title>Quantile-Quantile and Manhattan plots for the genome-wide meta-analysis results of the SNP main effect adjusting for physical activity (SNPadjPA), interaction between SNP and physical activity, and the joint effect of SNP main effect and SNP×PA interaction (Joint2df) in men and women of European-ancestry combined.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s003.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s004"><label>S3 Fig</label><caption><title>Regional association plots for novel BMI, WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI loci showing either a genome-wide significant SNP main effect when adjusting for physical activity as a covariate, or a genome-wide significant joint effect of physical activity-adjusted SNP main effect and SNP × physical activity interaction.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s004.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s005"><label>S4 Fig</label><caption><title>Heatmap of P values for the physical activity-adjusted SNP main effect model (PadjPA), the joint model (Pjoint), and the SNPxPA interaction model (Pint).</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s005.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s006"><label>S1 Table</label><caption><title>Basic study information and description of outcome assessment (BMI, WC, WHR) and Physical activity assessment.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s006.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s007"><label>S2 Table</label><caption><title>Genotyping and imputation platforms of the participating studies.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s007.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s008"><label>S3 Table</label><caption><title>Population characteristics for inactive and active individuals combined in the participating studies.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s008.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s009"><label>S4 Table</label><caption><title>Population characteristics for inactive individuals in the participating studies.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s009.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s010"><label>S5 Table</label><caption><title>Population characteristics for active individuals in the participating studies.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s010.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s011"><label>S6 Table</label><caption><title>Methods used for measuring physical activity and definitions of inactive for studies participating in the meta-analyses.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s011.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s012"><label>S7 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for BMI in the European only analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s012.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s013"><label>S8 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for BMI in the all ancestry analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s013.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s014"><label>S9 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for waist circumference adjusted for BMI in the European only analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s014.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s015"><label>S10 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for waist circumference adjusted for BMI in the all ancestry analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s015.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s016"><label>S11 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in the European only analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s016.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s017"><label>S12 Table</label><caption><title>All SNPs that met significance for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in the all ancestry analyses for at least one of the approaches tested: interaction, adjusted for physical activity, or jointly accounting for the main and interaction effects.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s017.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s018"><label>S13 Table</label><caption><title>Variance explained using P value thresholds.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s018.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s019"><label>S14 Table</label><caption><title>GWAS catalog lookups for novel loci and new secondary signal in known loci.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s019.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s020"><label>S15 Table</label><caption><title>Association of the novel loci with <italic>cis</italic> gene expression (<italic>cis</italic>-eQTL).</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s020.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s021"><label>S16 Table</label><caption><title>Association of loci identified for interaction with physical activity, for physical activity-adjusted SNP main effect, or for joint association of SNP main effect and physical activity interaction, with physical activity and sedentary behaviour.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s021.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s022"><label>S17 Table</label><caption><title>Results for approximate conditional analyses to identify secondary signals in the novel BMI, WC<sub>adjBMI</sub> or WHR<sub>adjBMI</sub>-associated loci<sup>a</sup>.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s022.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s023"><label>S18 Table</label><caption><title>Enrichment of loci interacting with PA (P<sub>int</sub><10<sup>−5</sup>) on the level of BMI with functional genomic elements in adipose, brain, and muscle tissue cell lines from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s023.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s024"><label>S19 Table</label><caption><title>Enrichment of loci interacting with PA (P<sub>int</sub><10<sup>−5</sup>) on the level of WHRadjBMI with functional genomic elements in adipose, brain, and muscle tissue cell lines from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s024.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s025"><label>S20 Table</label><caption><title>Enrichment of loci showing association with BMI (P<sub>adjPA</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>) with functional genomic elements in adipose, brain, and muscle tissue cell lines from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s025.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s026"><label>S21 Table</label><caption><title>Enrichment of loci showing association with WHRadjBMI (P<sub>adjPA</sub><5x10<sup>-8</sup>) with functional genomic elements in adipose, brain, and muscle tissue cell lines from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s026.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pgen.1006528.s027"><label>S22 Table</label><caption><title>Association of novel loci identified for interaction with physical activity, for physical activity-adjusted SNP main effect, or for joint association of the SNP main effect and physical activity interaction, in GIANT results not accounting for physical activity.</title><p>(XLSX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pgen.1006528.s027.xlsx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data 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