Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants
Identifieur interne : 002797 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 002796; suivant : 002798Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants
Auteurs : Duncan Wilson ; David J. Seiffge ; Christopher Traenka ; Ghazala Basir ; Jan C. Purrucker ; Timolaos Rizos ; Oluwaseun A. Sobowale ; Hanne Sallinen ; Shin-Joe Yeh ; Teddy Y. Wu ; Marc Ferrigno ; Rik Houben ; Floris H. B. M. Schreuder ; Luke A. Perry ; Jun Tanaka ; Marion Boulanger ; Rustam Al-Shahi Salman ; Hans R. J Ger ; Gareth Ambler ; Clare Shakeshaft ; Yusuke Yakushiji ; Philip M. C. Choi ; Julie Staals ; Charlotte Cordonnier ; Jiann-Shing Jeng ; Roland Veltkamp ; Dar Dowlatshahi ; Stefan T. Engelter ; Adrian R. Parry-Jones ; Atte Meretoja ; David J. WerringSource :
- Neurology [ 0028-3878 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
In an international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, we compared mortality, functional outcome, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume, and hematoma expansion (HE) between non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation–related ICH (NOAC-ICH) and vitamin K antagonist–associated ICH (VKA-ICH).
We compared all-cause mortality within 90 days for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age; sex; baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH location, and log volume; intraventricular hemorrhage volume; and intracranial surgery. We addressed heterogeneity using a shared frailty term. Good functional outcome was defined as discharge modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and investigated in multivariable logistic regression. ICH volume was measured by ABC/2 or a semiautomated planimetric method. HE was defined as an ICH volume increase >33% or >6 mL from baseline within 72 hours.
We included 500 patients (97 NOAC-ICH and 403 VKA-ICH). Median baseline ICH volume was 14.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 3.6–38.4) for NOAC-ICH vs 10.6 mL (IQR 4.0–27.9) for VKA-ICH (
In our international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, baseline ICH volume, hematoma expansion, 90-day mortality, and functional outcome were similar following NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH.
Url:
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886
PubMed: 28381513
PubMed Central: 5409844
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5409844Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants</title><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Duncan" sort="Wilson, Duncan" uniqKey="Wilson D" first="Duncan" last="Wilson">Duncan Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seiffge, David J" sort="Seiffge, David J" uniqKey="Seiffge D" first="David J." last="Seiffge">David J. Seiffge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Traenka, Christopher" sort="Traenka, Christopher" uniqKey="Traenka C" first="Christopher" last="Traenka">Christopher Traenka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basir, Ghazala" sort="Basir, Ghazala" uniqKey="Basir G" first="Ghazala" last="Basir">Ghazala Basir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Purrucker, Jan C" sort="Purrucker, Jan C" uniqKey="Purrucker J" first="Jan C." last="Purrucker">Jan C. Purrucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizos, Timolaos" sort="Rizos, Timolaos" uniqKey="Rizos T" first="Timolaos" last="Rizos">Timolaos Rizos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sobowale, Oluwaseun A" sort="Sobowale, Oluwaseun A" uniqKey="Sobowale O" first="Oluwaseun A." last="Sobowale">Oluwaseun A. Sobowale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sallinen, Hanne" sort="Sallinen, Hanne" uniqKey="Sallinen H" first="Hanne" last="Sallinen">Hanne Sallinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yeh, Shin Joe" sort="Yeh, Shin Joe" uniqKey="Yeh S" first="Shin-Joe" last="Yeh">Shin-Joe Yeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Teddy Y" sort="Wu, Teddy Y" uniqKey="Wu T" first="Teddy Y." last="Wu">Teddy Y. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrigno, Marc" sort="Ferrigno, Marc" uniqKey="Ferrigno M" first="Marc" last="Ferrigno">Marc Ferrigno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houben, Rik" sort="Houben, Rik" uniqKey="Houben R" first="Rik" last="Houben">Rik Houben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schreuder, Floris H B M" sort="Schreuder, Floris H B M" uniqKey="Schreuder F" first="Floris H. B. M." last="Schreuder">Floris H. B. M. Schreuder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, Luke A" sort="Perry, Luke A" uniqKey="Perry L" first="Luke A." last="Perry">Luke A. Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Jun" sort="Tanaka, Jun" uniqKey="Tanaka J" first="Jun" last="Tanaka">Jun Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boulanger, Marion" sort="Boulanger, Marion" uniqKey="Boulanger M" first="Marion" last="Boulanger">Marion Boulanger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Shahi Salman, Rustam" sort="Al Shahi Salman, Rustam" uniqKey="Al Shahi Salman R" first="Rustam" last="Al-Shahi Salman">Rustam Al-Shahi Salman</name></author><author><name sortKey="J Ger, Hans R" sort="J Ger, Hans R" uniqKey="J Ger H" first="Hans R." last="J Ger">Hans R. J Ger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ambler, Gareth" sort="Ambler, Gareth" uniqKey="Ambler G" first="Gareth" last="Ambler">Gareth Ambler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shakeshaft, Clare" sort="Shakeshaft, Clare" uniqKey="Shakeshaft C" first="Clare" last="Shakeshaft">Clare Shakeshaft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yakushiji, Yusuke" sort="Yakushiji, Yusuke" uniqKey="Yakushiji Y" first="Yusuke" last="Yakushiji">Yusuke Yakushiji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Philip M C" sort="Choi, Philip M C" uniqKey="Choi P" first="Philip M. C." last="Choi">Philip M. C. Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Staals, Julie" sort="Staals, Julie" uniqKey="Staals J" first="Julie" last="Staals">Julie Staals</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cordonnier, Charlotte" sort="Cordonnier, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cordonnier C" first="Charlotte" last="Cordonnier">Charlotte Cordonnier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeng, Jiann Shing" sort="Jeng, Jiann Shing" uniqKey="Jeng J" first="Jiann-Shing" last="Jeng">Jiann-Shing Jeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veltkamp, Roland" sort="Veltkamp, Roland" uniqKey="Veltkamp R" first="Roland" last="Veltkamp">Roland Veltkamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowlatshahi, Dar" sort="Dowlatshahi, Dar" uniqKey="Dowlatshahi D" first="Dar" last="Dowlatshahi">Dar Dowlatshahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engelter, Stefan T" sort="Engelter, Stefan T" uniqKey="Engelter S" first="Stefan T." last="Engelter">Stefan T. Engelter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parry Jones, Adrian R" sort="Parry Jones, Adrian R" uniqKey="Parry Jones A" first="Adrian R." last="Parry-Jones">Adrian R. Parry-Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Werring, David J" sort="Werring, David J" uniqKey="Werring D" first="David J." last="Werring">David J. Werring</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28381513</idno><idno type="pmc">5409844</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409844</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5409844</idno><idno type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002797</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002797</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants</title><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Duncan" sort="Wilson, Duncan" uniqKey="Wilson D" first="Duncan" last="Wilson">Duncan Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seiffge, David J" sort="Seiffge, David J" uniqKey="Seiffge D" first="David J." last="Seiffge">David J. Seiffge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Traenka, Christopher" sort="Traenka, Christopher" uniqKey="Traenka C" first="Christopher" last="Traenka">Christopher Traenka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basir, Ghazala" sort="Basir, Ghazala" uniqKey="Basir G" first="Ghazala" last="Basir">Ghazala Basir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Purrucker, Jan C" sort="Purrucker, Jan C" uniqKey="Purrucker J" first="Jan C." last="Purrucker">Jan C. Purrucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizos, Timolaos" sort="Rizos, Timolaos" uniqKey="Rizos T" first="Timolaos" last="Rizos">Timolaos Rizos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sobowale, Oluwaseun A" sort="Sobowale, Oluwaseun A" uniqKey="Sobowale O" first="Oluwaseun A." last="Sobowale">Oluwaseun A. Sobowale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sallinen, Hanne" sort="Sallinen, Hanne" uniqKey="Sallinen H" first="Hanne" last="Sallinen">Hanne Sallinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yeh, Shin Joe" sort="Yeh, Shin Joe" uniqKey="Yeh S" first="Shin-Joe" last="Yeh">Shin-Joe Yeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Teddy Y" sort="Wu, Teddy Y" uniqKey="Wu T" first="Teddy Y." last="Wu">Teddy Y. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrigno, Marc" sort="Ferrigno, Marc" uniqKey="Ferrigno M" first="Marc" last="Ferrigno">Marc Ferrigno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houben, Rik" sort="Houben, Rik" uniqKey="Houben R" first="Rik" last="Houben">Rik Houben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schreuder, Floris H B M" sort="Schreuder, Floris H B M" uniqKey="Schreuder F" first="Floris H. B. M." last="Schreuder">Floris H. B. M. Schreuder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, Luke A" sort="Perry, Luke A" uniqKey="Perry L" first="Luke A." last="Perry">Luke A. Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Jun" sort="Tanaka, Jun" uniqKey="Tanaka J" first="Jun" last="Tanaka">Jun Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boulanger, Marion" sort="Boulanger, Marion" uniqKey="Boulanger M" first="Marion" last="Boulanger">Marion Boulanger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Shahi Salman, Rustam" sort="Al Shahi Salman, Rustam" uniqKey="Al Shahi Salman R" first="Rustam" last="Al-Shahi Salman">Rustam Al-Shahi Salman</name></author><author><name sortKey="J Ger, Hans R" sort="J Ger, Hans R" uniqKey="J Ger H" first="Hans R." last="J Ger">Hans R. J Ger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ambler, Gareth" sort="Ambler, Gareth" uniqKey="Ambler G" first="Gareth" last="Ambler">Gareth Ambler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shakeshaft, Clare" sort="Shakeshaft, Clare" uniqKey="Shakeshaft C" first="Clare" last="Shakeshaft">Clare Shakeshaft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yakushiji, Yusuke" sort="Yakushiji, Yusuke" uniqKey="Yakushiji Y" first="Yusuke" last="Yakushiji">Yusuke Yakushiji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Philip M C" sort="Choi, Philip M C" uniqKey="Choi P" first="Philip M. C." last="Choi">Philip M. C. Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Staals, Julie" sort="Staals, Julie" uniqKey="Staals J" first="Julie" last="Staals">Julie Staals</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cordonnier, Charlotte" sort="Cordonnier, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cordonnier C" first="Charlotte" last="Cordonnier">Charlotte Cordonnier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeng, Jiann Shing" sort="Jeng, Jiann Shing" uniqKey="Jeng J" first="Jiann-Shing" last="Jeng">Jiann-Shing Jeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veltkamp, Roland" sort="Veltkamp, Roland" uniqKey="Veltkamp R" first="Roland" last="Veltkamp">Roland Veltkamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowlatshahi, Dar" sort="Dowlatshahi, Dar" uniqKey="Dowlatshahi D" first="Dar" last="Dowlatshahi">Dar Dowlatshahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engelter, Stefan T" sort="Engelter, Stefan T" uniqKey="Engelter S" first="Stefan T." last="Engelter">Stefan T. Engelter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parry Jones, Adrian R" sort="Parry Jones, Adrian R" uniqKey="Parry Jones A" first="Adrian R." last="Parry-Jones">Adrian R. Parry-Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Werring, David J" sort="Werring, David J" uniqKey="Werring D" first="David J." last="Werring">David J. Werring</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Neurology</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-3878</idno><idno type="eISSN">1526-632X</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective:</title><p>In an international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, we compared mortality, functional outcome, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume, and hematoma expansion (HE) between non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation–related ICH (NOAC-ICH) and vitamin K antagonist–associated ICH (VKA-ICH).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>We compared all-cause mortality within 90 days for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age; sex; baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH location, and log volume; intraventricular hemorrhage volume; and intracranial surgery. We addressed heterogeneity using a shared frailty term. Good functional outcome was defined as discharge modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and investigated in multivariable logistic regression. ICH volume was measured by ABC/2 or a semiautomated planimetric method. HE was defined as an ICH volume increase >33% or >6 mL from baseline within 72 hours.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>We included 500 patients (97 NOAC-ICH and 403 VKA-ICH). Median baseline ICH volume was 14.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 3.6–38.4) for NOAC-ICH vs 10.6 mL (IQR 4.0–27.9) for VKA-ICH (<italic>p</italic> = 0.78). We did not find any difference between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH for all-cause mortality within 90 days (33% for NOAC-ICH vs 31% for VKA-ICH [<italic>p</italic> = 0.64]; adjusted Cox hazard ratio (for NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH) 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–1.64] [<italic>p</italic> = 0.79]), the rate of HE (NOAC-ICH n = 29/48 [40%] vs VKA-ICH n = 93/140 [34%] [<italic>p</italic> = 0.45]), or functional outcome at hospital discharge (NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH odds ratio 0.47; 95% CI 0.18–1.19 [<italic>p</italic> = 0.11]).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>In our international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, baseline ICH volume, hematoma expansion, 90-day mortality, and functional outcome were similar following NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruff, Ct" uniqKey="Ruff C">CT Ruff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giugliano, Rp" uniqKey="Giugliano R">RP Giugliano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Braunwald, E" uniqKey="Braunwald E">E Braunwald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ansell, J" uniqKey="Ansell J">J Ansell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schulman, S" uniqKey="Schulman S">S Schulman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Majeed, A" uniqKey="Majeed A">A Majeed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parry Jones, Ar" uniqKey="Parry Jones A">AR Parry-Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Di Napoli, M" uniqKey="Di Napoli M">M Di Napoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Jn" uniqKey="Goldstein J">JN Goldstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purrucker, Jc" uniqKey="Purrucker J">JC Purrucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, K" uniqKey="Haas K">K Haas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizos, T" uniqKey="Rizos T">T Rizos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hart, Rg" uniqKey="Hart R">RG Hart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diener, Hc" uniqKey="Diener H">HC Diener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, S" uniqKey="Yang S">S Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hankey, Gj" uniqKey="Hankey G">GJ Hankey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Sr" uniqKey="Stevens S">SR Stevens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piccini, Jp" uniqKey="Piccini J">JP Piccini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Held, C" uniqKey="Held C">C Held</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hylek, Em" uniqKey="Hylek E">EM Hylek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Jh" uniqKey="Alexander J">JH Alexander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hagii, J" uniqKey="Hagii J">J Hagii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomita, H" uniqKey="Tomita H">H Tomita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Metoki, N" uniqKey="Metoki N">N Metoki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilson, D" uniqKey="Wilson D">D Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charidimou, A" uniqKey="Charidimou A">A Charidimou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shakeshaft, C" uniqKey="Shakeshaft C">C Shakeshaft</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hallevi, H" uniqKey="Hallevi H">H Hallevi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dar, Ns" uniqKey="Dar N">NS Dar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barreto, Ad" uniqKey="Barreto A">AD Barreto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Tc" uniqKey="Morgan T">TC Morgan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dawson, J" uniqKey="Dawson J">J Dawson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spengler, D" uniqKey="Spengler D">D Spengler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dowlatshahi, D" uniqKey="Dowlatshahi D">D Dowlatshahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demchuk, Am" uniqKey="Demchuk A">AM Demchuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flaherty, Ml" uniqKey="Flaherty M">ML Flaherty</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, W" uniqKey="Zhou W">W Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zorn, M" uniqKey="Zorn M">M Zorn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nawroth, P" uniqKey="Nawroth P">P Nawroth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lauer, A" uniqKey="Lauer A">A Lauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cianchetti, Fa" uniqKey="Cianchetti F">FA Cianchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Cott, Em" uniqKey="Van Cott E">EM Van Cott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akiyama, H" uniqKey="Akiyama H">H Akiyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uchino, K" uniqKey="Uchino K">K Uchino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hasegawa, Y" uniqKey="Hasegawa Y">Y Hasegawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hankey, Gj" uniqKey="Hankey G">GJ Hankey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hart, Rg" uniqKey="Hart R">RG Hart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boop, Bs" uniqKey="Boop B">BS Boop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dc" uniqKey="Anderson D">DC Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glund, S" uniqKey="Glund S">S Glund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stangier, J" uniqKey="Stangier J">J Stangier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmohl, M" uniqKey="Schmohl M">M Schmohl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siegal, Dm" uniqKey="Siegal D">DM Siegal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curnutte, Jt" uniqKey="Curnutte J">JT Curnutte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Connolly, Sj" uniqKey="Connolly S">SJ Connolly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schiele, F" uniqKey="Schiele F">F Schiele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ryn, J" uniqKey="Van Ryn J">J van Ryn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canada, K" uniqKey="Canada K">K Canada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pollack, Cv" uniqKey="Pollack C">CV Pollack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reilly, Pa" uniqKey="Reilly P">PA Reilly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eikelboom, J" uniqKey="Eikelboom J">J Eikelboom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hofmeijer, J" uniqKey="Hofmeijer J">J Hofmeijer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kappelle, Lj" uniqKey="Kappelle L">LJ Kappelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klijn, Cj" uniqKey="Klijn C">CJ Klijn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sprigg, N" uniqKey="Sprigg N">N Sprigg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renton, Cj" uniqKey="Renton C">CJ Renton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dineen, Ra" uniqKey="Dineen R">RA Dineen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwong, Y" uniqKey="Kwong Y">Y Kwong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bath, Pm" uniqKey="Bath P">PM Bath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Cs" uniqKey="Anderson C">CS Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heeley, E" uniqKey="Heeley E">E Heeley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Y" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y Huang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neurology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Neurology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">neurology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neur</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">neurology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NEUROLOGY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Neurology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-3878</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1526-632X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Hagerstown, MD</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28381513</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5409844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">NEUROLOGY2016757070</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>7</subject><subject>17</subject><subject>23</subject><subject>112</subject><subject>119</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>Duncan</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seiffge</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>Advisory board: Bayer, Pfizer</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>University Hospital Basel Science Fonds (personal fellowship)</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>Swiss Heart Foundation</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Traenka</surname><given-names>Christopher</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>(1) Swiss Heart Foundation</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Basir</surname><given-names>Ghazala</given-names></name><degrees>MBBS, FCPS</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Purrucker</surname><given-names>Jan C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>Boehringer Ingelheim, speakers honoraria (outside the submitted work)Pfizer, travel and speakers honoraria (outside the submitted work)</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rizos</surname><given-names>Timolaos</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>TR received consulting honoraria, speakers honoraria andtravel support from BMS Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim,Bayer HealthCare and Daiichi Sankyo.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>TR received consulting honoraria, speakers honoraria andtravel support from BMS Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim,Bayer HealthCare and Daiichi Sankyo.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sobowale</surname><given-names>Oluwaseun A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sallinen</surname><given-names>Hanne</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>1) Teva, funding for travel to conference2) Genzyme, funding for travel to conference</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>1) Helsinki University Hospital, Finland</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>1) Maire Taponen Foundation, Finland.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeh</surname><given-names>Shin-Joe</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Teddy Y.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferrigno</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houben</surname><given-names>Rik</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schreuder</surname><given-names>Floris H.B.M.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perry</surname><given-names>Luke A.</given-names></name><degrees>BSc</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boulanger</surname><given-names>Marion</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Shahi Salman</surname><given-names>Rustam</given-names></name><degrees>FRCP Edin</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>(1) Cochrane Stroke Group, editor, 2009-present(2) Evidence-based Preclinical Medicine, senior editor, 2014-present(3) Trials, senior editor, 2016-present</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>UK Medical Research Council senior clinical fellowship (G1002605), 2011-2016. British Heart Foundation travel fellowship (FS/13/72/30531), 2013-2014.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jäger</surname><given-names>Hans R.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, FRCR</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>I have received royalties for the following bookchapters:1.Saunders D, Jager HR, Murray A, Stevens J. In: GraingerRG, Allison DJ, Adams A, Dixon A, editors. Grainger andAllison Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of MedicalImaging. Churchill Livingstone</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>Sponsor: Biogen Activity: reader of MRI scans in context of largemulticenter drug trial in multiple sclerosisYear: 2005</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>2011-2014 NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Scheme UK(co-applicant) : ? 242,634 ?The Second European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST-2): Pilotstudy?</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>University of Cambridge Fees for Examining PhD thesis 2008 and 2013</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>2010-2015 The Stroke Association / British HeartFoundation Joint Program Grant in Stroke (co-applicant): ? 939,718 ?Microbleeds and genetic risk factors to predictthe risk of intracranial haemorrhage in patients treatedwith anticoagulation following cardioembolic stroke due toatrial fibrillation?</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ambler</surname><given-names>Gareth</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>Journal of Colorectal Disease, Statistical Advisor, 2010-</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shakeshaft</surname><given-names>Clare</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yakushiji</surname><given-names>Yusuke</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Philip M.C.</given-names></name><degrees>MBChB, FRACP</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Staals</surname><given-names>Julie</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cordonnier</surname><given-names>Charlotte</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>Bayer, Medtronics, Daiichi Sankyo. Fees were paid to ADRINORD or Lille University Hospital research account. No personal funding.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>investigator in clinical trials for Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca. Fees were paid to ADRINORD or Lille University Hospital research account. No personal funding.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeng</surname><given-names>Jiann-Shing</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Veltkamp</surname><given-names>Roland</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>(1) Bayer (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim (3) BMS/Pfizer (4)Daiichi Sankyo (5) Amgen (6) Sanofi</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>(1) Bayer (2) Boehringer Ingelheim (3) BMS/Pfizer (4) Sanofi Aventis (5) Roche (6) Apoplexmedicaltechnologies (7) St. Jude Medical (8) Daiichi Sankyo</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>(1) Morphosys (2) Daiichi Sankyo (3) Biogen</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>1) Bayer (2) Boehringer Ingelheim (3) BMS/Pfizer (4) Daiichi Sanky (Biogen)</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG VE 196/3-1</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>Else Kr?ner Fresenius Stiftung</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>Bayer</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dowlatshahi</surname><given-names>Dar</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>Bayer CanadaBMS</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>Bayer, speaker honorariumBMS, speaker honorarium</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>International Journal of Stroke</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>Automatic detection of contrast extravasation on dynamic CTA.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>Octapharma unrestricted educational grant</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>CIHR</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Engelter</surname><given-names>Stefan T.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>Advisory boards for dabigatran (Boehringer-Ingelheim), andrivaroxaban (Bayer), and apixaban (BMS/Pfizer)Advisory board for Covidien</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>Pharmaceutical Industry: financial support for participation on the European Stroke [Organisation]Conference (travel, accommodation) or for advisory board activities: Boehringer, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Covidien</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>Member of the editorial board of STROKE (since 2006)</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>educational grant from Pfizer</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>(1)Swiss Heart Foundation.(2)Swiss National Science Foundation.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Parry-Jones</surname><given-names>Adrian R.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meretoja</surname><given-names>Atte</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD, MSc</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>(1) Stryker, (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim, (3) Nestle, (4) Phagenesis</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>(1) Siemens, (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim, (3) Stryker</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>(1) International Journal of Stroke, editorial board member, 2013-, (2) European Stroke Journal, editorial board member, 2015-, (3) Stroke, editorial board member, 2016-</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>(1) Stryker, (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim, (3) Nestle, (4) Phagenesis</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>(1) Siemens, (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim, (3) Stryker</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, Chief Investigator, 2015-</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Werring</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><author-comment content-type="disclosure"><p><list list-type="order"><title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title><list-item><p>Serving on scientific advisory boards for Allergan, Bayer, IXICO, and Amgen.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Gifts:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title><list-item><p>Funding for speaking at an educational meeting by Bayer.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Editorial Boards:</title><list-item><p>European Stroke Journal, Editorial Board Member, from 2016</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Patents:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Publishing Royalties:</title><list-item><p>Cerebral Microbleeds: Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice Cambridge University Press. Published 2011</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Consultancies:</title><list-item><p>Ixico Ltd. Provided input for a project on imaging of cerebral haemorrhage.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Other Activities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title><list-item><p>Dr Werring was UK PI for a clinical trial of ponezumab in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which was sponsored and funded by Pfizer.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title><list-item><p>Clinical Senior Lectureship Award from Department of Health / Higher Education Funding Council For England2008-2013</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title><list-item><p>Grant funding from The Stroke Association / British Heart Foundation, and from the Rosetrees Trust.</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p><p><list list-type="order"><title>Legal Proceedings:</title><list-item><p>NONE</p></list-item></list></p></author-comment></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>And the CROMIS-2 collaborators</collab></contrib><aff>From the Stroke Research Center (D.W., C.S., D.J.W.) and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Stroke Center and Neurology (D.J.S., C.T., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa (G.B., D.D.), Canada; Department of Neurology (J.C.P., T.R.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J.), Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurology (H.S., A.M.), Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center & Department of Neurology (S.-J.Y., J.-S.J.), Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; Department of Medicine and neurology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (T.Y.W., A.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; U1171–Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders (M.F., C.C.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, France; Department of Neurology (R.H., F.H.B.M.S., J.S.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences (J.A.P., P.M.C.C.), Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.T., Y.Y.), Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.B., R.A.-S.S.), Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh; Department of Stroke Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences (R.V.), Imperial College London, UK; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland.</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="collab"><collab>CROMIS-2 collaborators</collab></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Shaw</surname><given-names>Louise</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Sword</surname><given-names>Jane</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Mohd</surname><given-names>Azlisham</given-names></name><degrees>MD Nor</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Sharma</surname><given-names>Pankaj</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Kelly</surname><given-names>Deborah</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Harrington</surname><given-names>Frances</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Sprigg</surname><given-names>Nikola</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Randall</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Mahawish</surname><given-names>Karim</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Elmarim</surname><given-names>Abduelbaset</given-names></name><degrees>MD i</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Esisi</surname><given-names>Bernard</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Cullen</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Nallasivam</surname><given-names>Arumug</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Price</surname><given-names>Christopher</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Barry</surname><given-names>Adrian</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Roffe</surname><given-names>Christine</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Coyle</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Hassan</surname><given-names>Ahamad</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Lovelock</surname><given-names>Caroline</given-names></name><degrees>DPhil</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Birns</surname><given-names>Jonathan</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Sekaran</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Parry-Jones</surname><given-names>Adrian</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Parry</surname><given-names>Anthea</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Hargroves</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Proschel</surname><given-names>Harald</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Datta</surname><given-names>Prabel</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Darawil</surname><given-names>Khaled</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Manoj</surname><given-names>Aravindakshan</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Burn</surname><given-names>Mathew</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Patterson</surname><given-names>Chris</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Giallombardo</surname><given-names>Elio</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Smyth</surname><given-names>Nigel</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Mansoor</surname><given-names>Syed</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Anwar</surname><given-names>Ijaz</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Marsh</surname><given-names>Rachel</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Ispoglou</surname><given-names>Sissi</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Chadha</surname><given-names>Dinesh</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Prabhakaran</surname><given-names>Mathuri</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Meenakishundaram</surname><given-names>Sanjeevikumar</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>O'Connell</surname><given-names>Janice</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>Jon</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Krishnamurthy</surname><given-names>Vinodh</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Aghoram</surname><given-names>Prasanna</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>McCormick</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>O’Mahony</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Cooper</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Choy</surname><given-names>Lillian</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Wilkinson</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Leach</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Caine</surname><given-names>Sarah</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Burger</surname><given-names>Ilse</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Gunathilagan</surname><given-names>Gunaratam</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Guyler</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Emsley</surname><given-names>Hedley</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>Michelle</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Manawadu</surname><given-names>Dulka</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Pasco</surname><given-names>Kath</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Mamun</surname><given-names>Maam</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Luder</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Sajid</surname><given-names>Mahmud</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Anwar</surname><given-names>Ijaz</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Okwera</surname><given-names>James</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Staals</surname><given-names>Julie</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Warburton</surname><given-names>Elizabeth</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Saastamoinen</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>England</surname><given-names>Timothy</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Putterill</surname><given-names>Janet</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Flossman</surname><given-names>Enrico</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Power</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Dani</surname><given-names>Krishna</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Mangion</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Corrigan</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Suman</surname><given-names>Appu</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Corrigan</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Lawrence</surname><given-names>Enas</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="collab"><name><surname>Vahidassr</surname><given-names>Djamil</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Dr</role></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to David J. Werring: <email>d.werring@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Coinvestigators are listed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886">Neurology.org</ext-link>.</p></fn><fn fn-type="financial-disclosure"><p>Go to <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886">Neurology.org</ext-link> for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. The Article Processing Charge was funded by British Heart Foundation.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>02</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>02</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>88</volume><issue>18</issue><fpage>1693</fpage><lpage>1700</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>American Academy of Neurology</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY)</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective:</title><p>In an international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, we compared mortality, functional outcome, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume, and hematoma expansion (HE) between non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation–related ICH (NOAC-ICH) and vitamin K antagonist–associated ICH (VKA-ICH).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>We compared all-cause mortality within 90 days for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age; sex; baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH location, and log volume; intraventricular hemorrhage volume; and intracranial surgery. We addressed heterogeneity using a shared frailty term. Good functional outcome was defined as discharge modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and investigated in multivariable logistic regression. ICH volume was measured by ABC/2 or a semiautomated planimetric method. HE was defined as an ICH volume increase >33% or >6 mL from baseline within 72 hours.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>We included 500 patients (97 NOAC-ICH and 403 VKA-ICH). Median baseline ICH volume was 14.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 3.6–38.4) for NOAC-ICH vs 10.6 mL (IQR 4.0–27.9) for VKA-ICH (<italic>p</italic> = 0.78). We did not find any difference between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH for all-cause mortality within 90 days (33% for NOAC-ICH vs 31% for VKA-ICH [<italic>p</italic> = 0.64]; adjusted Cox hazard ratio (for NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH) 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–1.64] [<italic>p</italic> = 0.79]), the rate of HE (NOAC-ICH n = 29/48 [40%] vs VKA-ICH n = 93/140 [34%] [<italic>p</italic> = 0.45]), or functional outcome at hospital discharge (NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH odds ratio 0.47; 95% CI 0.18–1.19 [<italic>p</italic> = 0.11]).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>In our international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, baseline ICH volume, hematoma expansion, 90-day mortality, and functional outcome were similar following NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH.</p></sec></abstract><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>OPEN-ACCESS</meta-name><meta-value>TRUE</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>special-property</meta-name><meta-value>podcast</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>special-property</meta-name><meta-value>ppage</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Randomized trials in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) show that direct (non–vitamin K antagonist [VKA]) oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have about half the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared to VKA but with a similar efficacy in preventing ischemic stroke.<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Nevertheless, there is concern that without wide access to specific reversal agents at the time of this study, NOAC-associated ICH (NOAC-ICH) might be larger, with a higher risk of hematoma expansion (HE) and worse outcome, than VKA-associated ICH (VKA-ICH), for which reversal strategies are established.<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">–</xref><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup></p><p>There are few data on the clinical and radiologic characteristics or the functional outcome of NOAC-ICH to guide clinicians. A multicenter prospective study of 61 patients with NOAC-ICH reported 28% mortality at 90 days, but with no comparison to VKA-ICH.<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Subanalyses of the RE-LY, ARISTOTLE, and ROCKET-AF trials<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">–</xref><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> suggest similar mortality for VKA-ICH and NOAC-ICH. However, a single-center study from Japan (NOAC-ICH, n = 5) and a small multicenter study from the United Kingdom (NOAC-ICH, n = 11) both found that hematoma volume was smaller in NOAC-ICH compared to VKA-ICH,<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> with better or similar functional outcome at hospital discharge.</p><p>We undertook an international, collaborative, multicenter, pooled individual patient data analysis to systematically describe the clinical and radiologic characteristics and outcome of NOAC-ICH in comparison to VKA-ICH.</p><sec sec-type="methods" id="s1"><title>METHODS</title><p>We identified relevant cohorts from an international multicenter collaboration.<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> To reduce bias and confounding due to secular trends in ICH treatment (including anticoagulation reversal strategies), we only included VKA-ICH data after the date of diagnosis of the first included NOAC-ICH at each center, according to a prespecified protocol. Inclusion criteria were as follows: ICH while on oral anticoagulation (NOAC-ICH or VKA-ICH); age over 18 years; for VKA-ICH, international normalized ratio (INR) on hospital admission ≥1.3; for NOAC-ICH, known NOAC use within 24 hours prior to ICH clinical symptoms. Exclusion criteria were as follows: secondary cause for ICH (such as major head trauma in the previous 24 hours, vascular malformations, tumors, cavernomas, aneurysms, other known coagulopathy, or hemorrhagic transformation of an infarct); or predominant subarachnoid hemorrhage. The primary outcome was mortality by 90 days, adjusted for potential confounding baseline characteristics. Secondary outcomes were ICH volume at baseline, proportion of patients with HE, and functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Some patient data from previously published studies<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>,<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> were included (NOAC, n = 33; VKA, n = 52).</p><sec id="s1-1"><title>Clinical and imaging data analysis.</title><p>We collected clinical, demographic, and imaging data using a standardized data collection form. Imaging data included baseline ICH volume measured from the first available CT scan, using either ABC/2 or semiautomated planimetric measurement, blinded to anticoagulant type and outcome in all but 3 centers; hematoma location (lobar, supratentorial deep [basal ganglia and thalamus], brainstem, or cerebellar); intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volume determined using a semiautomated planimetric method or the modified Graeb or Hallevi scales<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup>; and HE, defined as an increase in volume by >33% or >6 mL from the baseline scan within 72 hours in patients with their first scan within 6 hours of symptom onset and without subsequent intracranial surgery before follow-up imaging, in keeping with a recent collaboration<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> and validation.<sup><xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup></p></sec><sec id="s1-2"><title>Statistical analysis.</title><p>D.W., D.J.W., A.R.P.-J., and A.M. wrote a prespecified statistical analysis plan, which was approved by all participating centers. We compared patient characteristics between the VKA-ICH and NOAC-ICH groups using appropriate analysis for categorical and continuous variables. We visually inspected the distribution of the continuous variables using histograms, summarized as medians with interquartile range (IQR). Differences between the groups were determined using the Mann-Whitney test (if not normally distributed); categorical variables between the groups were compared with the χ<sup>2</sup> test. We log-transformed variables that were not normally distributed. For IVH volume (where the majority of patients had 0 mL), we modeled using 2 variables: an indicator to model those with no IVH and a log-transformed variable for those with IVH, allowing us to generate a hazard ratio (HR) for each milliliter increase of IVH volume. Univariate Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to estimate survival probabilities by 90 days for each anticoagulant group; the log-rank test was used to compare groups.</p><p>Required sample sizes were estimated using a previously reported convenience sample.<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> Assuming 90-day mortality (primary outcome) in the VKA group to be 46%, a study of 50 NOAC and 500 VKA patients has 80% power to identify a HR of 0.55 (i.e., mortality of 25% vs 46%) with a 2-sided <italic>p</italic> value of 0.05. For the secondary outcome of ICH volume, if we assume VKA-ICH median volume of 18 mL, a study of 50 NOAC and 500 VKA patients has 80% power to identify a difference of 61% (median 18 vs 11 mL) with a 2-sided <italic>p</italic> value of 0.05. For the secondary outcome of ICH expansion, we assume expansion (>6 mL or >33%) to occur in 60% of the VKA patients (and that only half of VKA and NOAC patients will have imaging at the required time windows); a study of 25 NOAC and 250 VKA patients has 75% power to identify a difference between 60% and 33% with a 2-sided <italic>p</italic> value of 0.05.</p></sec><sec id="s1-3"><title>Prespecified analyses.</title><p>For the primary prespecified outcome analysis, we fitted a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for variables known to affect outcome (age, sex, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score, log baseline ICH volume, baseline IVH volume, ICH location, and acute neurosurgery). The assumption of proportional hazards was assessed by visual inspection of each log–log plot of survival. Possible heterogeneity in general ICH management, resources, and ethnicity by site was addressed by adding a shared frailty term to the model. We performed prespecified subgroup analyses of the primary outcome measure by ICH location and by individual NOAC agent. A secondary analysis compared baseline ICH volume between anticoagulants using a linear regression model with log-transformed ICH volume as the dependent variable, adjusting for age and ICH location. HE (yes/no) between anticoagulant groups was investigated with logistic regression adjusting for age, ICH location, GCS, and baseline INR.</p></sec><sec id="s1-4"><title>Post hoc analyses.</title><p>We explored functional independence at discharge using the mRS and logistic regression. Discharge mRS was dichotomized into 0–2 vs 3–6 and adjusted for premorbid mRS, age, and baseline GCS. Shift analysis was the prespecified analysis of choice, but our data did not fulfil the proportional odds assumption. A second post hoc analysis was undertaken using data only within the first 30 days of follow-up. Furthermore, we ran individual sensitivity analyses of our primary outcome adjusting for (in addition to the pre specified variables) anticoagulation reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) (yes/no), event to presentation time (days), adjustments for method of volume ascertainment (ABC/2 vs planimetric), and whether patients came from a consecutive registry. We also undertook further sensitivity analyses. First, we included a primary outcome of mortality by 30 days (which might be more directly related to the effect of the acute ICH); in this analysis, we included only age, sex, and acute neurosurgery in one model and age, sex, acute neurosurgery, ICH location, and IVH extension in another model, excluding baseline characteristics likely to be confounded by oral anticoagulant type (ICH volume, baseline GCS, IVH volume). Finally, we undertook a sensitivity analysis of mortality at 90 days to account for heterogeneity in the ICH volume measurement method.</p></sec><sec id="s1-5"><title>Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents.</title><p>This study was approved by the NHS Health Research Authority (Research Ethics Committee reference 15/YH/0475). Responsibility for ensuring compliance with local laws and data sharing policies was delegated to local principle investigators at each center, as outlined in the protocol.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="s2"><title>RESULTS</title><p>We retrospectively pooled data from 13 stroke registries from the following countries: United Kingdom (2 centers and a multicenter prospective observational study), Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Germany, Canada, Australia (2 centers), Taiwan, and Japan (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">table 1</xref>). We identified 540 patients with oral anticoagulant (OAC)–associated ICH recruited between April 28, 2012, and August 18, 2015 (registration periods varied by center); 100 participants had NOAC-ICH and 440 had VKA-ICH. We excluded 40 patients (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">figure 1</xref>); full datasets required for the primary analysis were available for 500 participants (97 with NOAC-ICH and 403 with VKA-ICH) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">figure 1</xref>). The NOACs used were apixaban (n = 13), dabigatran (n = 13), and rivaroxaban (n = 69). Two participants were taking either rivaroxaban or apixaban. The median follow-up (accounting for deaths prior to 90 days) was 60 days (IQR 9–196) and varied by center (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">table 1</xref>). The onset of ICH symptoms to CT scan ranged from <24 hours (402 patients, 80%) to 11 days (1 patient, 0.2%). ICH volume was rated using the ABC/2 method in 8 centers and a semiautomated planimetric method in 5 centers. IVH was rated using the modified Graeb method in 3 centers, the Hallevi score in 6 centers, and a semiautomated planimetric method in 4 centers. The median INR value within the VKA-ICH group was 2.7 (IQR 2.2–3.4). The underlying indication for anticoagulation was known in 415/500 patients, as follows: 370 (89%) for AF, 28 (6.7%) for deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, 15 (3.6%) for mechanical heart valves, and 2 (0.5%) for cardiomyopathy. All but 1 of these patients was on a VKA.</p><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Study characteristics by center</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070TT1"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Flowchart of study design and patient selection</title><p>GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; INR = international normalized ratio; NOAC = non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; OAC = oral anticoagulation; VKA = vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070FF1"></graphic></fig><p>The patient characteristics for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">table 2</xref>; those with NOAC-ICH more often had cerebellar ICH and worse premorbid mRS compared with VKA-ICH, but were otherwise similar. OAC reversal information was available in 450 patients (365 VKA-ICH and 85 NOAC-ICH); of these, 286/365 (78%) participants with VKA-ICH received 3 or 4 factor PCC, compared to 35/85 (41%) of participants with NOAC-ICH (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.001). Twenty-four patients with VKA-ICH (6%) and 7 patients with NOAC-ICH (7%) were treated with acute neurosurgery.</p><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Characteristics of participants with non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC)–associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and vitamin K antagonist (VKA)–associated ICH</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070TT2"></graphic></table-wrap><sec id="s2-1"><title>Primary outcome.</title><p>There were 161 deaths (a crude mortality rate of 32%). After adjusting for censoring, all-cause mortality was 31% at 90 days. Ninety-day mortality was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24–44) for NOAC-ICH vs 31% (95% CI 27–37) for VKA-ICH (<italic>p</italic> = 0.64). Age, admission GCS, and ICH volume were associated with 90-day mortality in univariable analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">table 3</xref>). After adjusting for baseline variables (age, sex, baseline GCS, log baseline ICH volume, baseline IVH volume, ICH location, and acute neurosurgery) and addressing heterogeneity by site (using a shared frailty term), there was no difference in survival between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.52–1.64; <italic>p</italic> = 0.79) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">figure 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">table 3</xref>). In post hoc analyses, the primary result was unchanged as follows: PCC treatment (HR 0.99; 0.57–1.72), ICH onset to presentation time (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.49–1.35), ICH volume measurement method (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.48–1.35), and consecutive registry source (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.50–1.38). There was no between-group difference in 30-day mortality (HR NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH 0.83; 95% CI 0.47–1.48; <italic>p</italic> = 0.53) or 60-day mortality (HR NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH 0.75; 95% CI 0.44–1.30; <italic>p</italic> = 0.308).</p><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Cox proportional hazards models: univariable and multivariable analyses for the primary outcome of 90-day mortality</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070TT3"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Survival curve comparing non–vitamin K oral antagonist anticoagulant (NOAC)–associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant (VKA)–associated ICH 90-day mortality</title><p>Adjusted for age; sex; baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH location, and log volume; intraventricular hemorrhage volume; and intracranial surgery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2016757070FF2"></graphic></fig><p>For the outcome of mortality by 30 days (including age, sex, acute neurosurgery in model 1 and age, sex, acute neurosurgery, ICH location, and IVH extension as covariates in model 2) the main result was unchanged (HR for NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH 0.88 [95% CI 0.53–1.45] for model 1 and 0.94 [95% CI 0.55–1.59] [<italic>p</italic> = 0.813] for model 2) (supplemental data at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886">Neurology.org</ext-link>). In sensitivity analyses for the outcome of mortality by 90 days including log ICH volume assessed by different methods (ABC/3, planimetry), the main result for NOAC-ICH vs VKA-ICH also remained unchanged (see supplemental data).</p></sec><sec id="s2-2"><title>Secondary outcomes.</title><p>Median baseline VKA-ICH volume was 10.6 mL (IQR 4.0–27.9), compared to 14.4 mL (IQR 3.6–38.4) for NOAC-ICH (<italic>p</italic> = 0.78). There was no statistical difference in log-transformed ICH volumes in multivariable linear regression (coefficient 0.06; 95% CI −0.28 to 0.41, <italic>p</italic> = 0.72). Data regarding HE were available in 188 patients (140 [35%] VKA-ICH and 48 [49%] NOAC-ICH), and did not vary by anticoagulant type (NOAC-ICH 29/48 40% vs VKA-ICH 93/140 34%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.45); there was no between-group difference in HE after multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, ICH location, baseline INR, and GCS (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.46–4.18; <italic>p</italic> = 0.57).</p><p>Participants with VKA-ICH were more likely to be functionally independent at discharge than those with NOAC-ICH in univariable analysis (23% vs 10%, respectively, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), but not in multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for premorbid mRS, age, IVH extension, and baseline GCS (NOAC vs VKA-ICH: OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.18–1.19; <italic>p</italic> = 0.11). Backwards stepwise regression suggested that a baseline difference in premorbid mRS between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH accounts for the difference between the univariable and multivariable analysis results.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="s3"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Our multicenter, international individual patient pooled analysis of 500 participants with OAC-ICH found that 90-day mortality for NOAC-ICH is similar to that for VKA-ICH. Functional outcome, ICH volume, and HE were also similar between the NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH groups. We found no statistically significant differences between individual NOAC-ICH 90-day mortality rates, although the numbers of participants taking each individual OAC were limited. We found no significant difference between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH in a post hoc analysis of 30-day mortality.</p><p>Although previous small studies suggested that hematoma volume was smaller for NOAC-ICH compared to VKA-ICH, with better or similar functional outcome at hospital discharge, these included only 5 and 11 participants with NOAC-ICH, respectively,<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> and were not statistically powered to detect differences in ICH volume or outcome. Furthermore, hospital discharge mRS might not reflect longer-term outcome and is prone to confounding by premorbid mRS. We included 90-day mortality, which more accurately reflects longer term outcome and is less prone to confounding. Although previous animal models suggest that hematoma expansion does not occur with therapeutic doses of NOACs (rivaroxaban and dabigatran),<sup><xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,<xref rid="R15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> supported by small human case series (n = 5 and 6),<sup><xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="R16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> a recent multicenter registry (n = 61) described hematoma expansion with NOACs,<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> consistent with our study. The real-world mortality we report for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH is in keeping with findings from the RE-LY (mortality for VKA-ICH 36% vs dabigatran-ICH 35% [150 mg] and 41% [110 mg]),<sup><xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup> ROCKET-AF (mortality for VKA-ICH 50% vs rivaroxaban-ICH 48%),<sup><xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> and ARISTOTLE (mortality for VKA-ICH 42.3% vs apixaban-ICH 45.3%)<sup><xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> randomized trials.</p><p>Our study has important strengths. We include a large cohort of patients with both NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH. The use of detailed individual patient clinical and radiologic data allowed us to describe baseline characteristics and key clinically relevant outcomes beyond the acute phase of hospital admission, and to adjust for important potential confounding factors. Because we included prospectively collected clinical data from Europe, North America, East Asia, and Australasia, our findings are likely to be more generalizable to a real-life OAC-ICH population in broad range of health care settings than any of the previous studies. We reduced bias from secular treatment trends by only including NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH recruited during the same time period, and from the same patient population, from each participating center. Our primary outcome of 90-day mortality is unlikely to be substantially confounded by premorbid functional status.</p><p>We also acknowledge limitations: functional outcome at 90 days would have been a preferable secondary outcome to discharge mRS, as it is less confounded by length of stay, but these data were not available. We do not know how widely NOAC adoption was within each source population, which could lead to confounding by indication. Although we compared and adjusted for baseline characteristics between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients, there might be unmeasured confounding factors, including clinician judgement used in choosing between a VKA or a NOAC, alcohol intake, blood pressure variability, or comorbidities such as renal disease, which we could not fully account for. These may be of some concern especially as NOACs are contraindicated in some settings. Two registries did not enroll every patient with OAC-ICH; exclusion of severe ICH might have caused ascertainment bias, but in our post hoc sensitivity analysis this did not affect 90-day mortality.</p><p>Our reported 90-day mortality (31%) is lower than some previous series of anticoagulant-related ICH (range 46%–68%)<sup><xref rid="R18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup> although similar to that reported in a recent German multicenter registry study (28%).<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Follow-up duration and ICH mortality varied between centers; although we used a shared frailty model, this cannot fully account for all between-center heterogeneity. We acknowledge some measurement heterogeneity due to 2 different methods for rating ICH volumes, but ensured that each center rated both VKA-ICH and NOAC-ICH using the same method. Furthermore, adjusting for this heterogeneity in sensitivity analysis did not alter the primary result. Finally, hematoma expansion data were only available in 188/500 patients, and were more often available in NOAC-ICH, so might not be generalizable to the entire cohort.</p><p>Our finding that ICH volume, HE, and functional outcomes were similar for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH might have implications for clinical practice. NOACs have a lower risk of ICH than VKA for ischemic stroke prevention in populations with AF.<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Reversal agents for NOAC-related hemorrhage, including NOAC-ICH, have been developed, and are likely to become more widely available (although these agents are not yet established as clinically effective in patients with NOAC-ICH).<sup><xref rid="R19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">–</xref><xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup> Our study therefore does not support previous concerns that NOAC-ICH might have poorer outcome than VKA-ICH because of a lack of available specific reversal agents.<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Nevertheless, further randomized data for detailed NOAC-ICH functional outcome and radiologic profiles compared to VKA-ICH are needed. Furthermore, little is known about the risk of NOAC-ICH or its functional outcome in patients at high risk of ICH, e.g., those with previous ICH or with bleeding-prone arteriopathies.<sup><xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup> As specific NOAC-ICH reversal agents become available, studies of how these affect clinical and radiologic outcomes are needed. Other treatment options for NOAC-ICH, including hemostatic agents<sup><xref rid="R24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></sup> and acute blood pressure management,<sup><xref rid="R25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup> also need to be investigated, ideally in randomized controlled trials.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supplementary-material"><p>Supplemental data at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886">Neurology.org</ext-link></p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p>Editorial, page <related-article related-article-type="article-reference" id="d35e6173" vol="88" page="1686" issue="18" ext-link-type="pmc">1686</related-article></p></fn></fn-group><ack><title>ACKNOWLEDGMENT</title><p>The authors thank all the principal investigators and research practitioners involved in the CROMIS-2 study, which was supported by the NIHR Clinical Research Network.</p></ack><sec sec-type="contributions"><title>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</title><p content-type="contributions">D.W. was involved in study concept, study design, data acquisition, and statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. D.J.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. C.T. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. G.B. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. J.C.P. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. T.R. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. O.A.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. H.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. S.-J.Y. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. T.Y.W. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. M.F. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. R.H. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. F.H.B.M.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. L.A.P. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. J.T. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. M.B. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. R.A.-S.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. H.R.J. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. G.A. was involved in statistical analysis and revised the manuscript. C.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. Y.Y. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. P.M.C.C. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. J.S. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. C.C. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. J.-S.J. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. R.V. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. D.D. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. S.T.E. was involved in data acquisition and revised the manuscript. A.R.P.-J. was involved in study design and data acquisition and drafted the manuscript. A.M. was involved in study design, data acquisition, and statistical analysis and revised the manuscript. D.J.W. was involved in study concept, design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and manuscript revision.</p></sec><sec sec-type="funding"><title>STUDY FUNDING</title><p content-type="funding">D.J.W. receives research support from the Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, and the Rosetrees Trust. D.W. receives research support from the Stroke Association and British Heart Foundation. This work was undertaken at UCLH/UCL, which received a proportion of funding from the Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centers funding scheme. G.A. receives funding from the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center. D.J.S., C.T., and S.T.E. received funding from the Swiss Heart Foundation for the conductance of the NOACISP registry. A.M. receives funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, and the Academy of Finland. R.A.-S.S. was funded by a MRC senior clinical fellowship.</p></sec><sec sec-type="disclosure"><title>DISCLOSURE</title><p content-type="disclosure">D. Wilson reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. D. Seiffge received funding from the Swiss Heart Foundation. C. Traenka received funding from the Swiss Heart Foundation. G. Basir reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. J. Purrucker received personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer outside the submitted work. T. Rizos has received consulting honoraria, speaker’s honoraria, and travel support from BMS Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer health care, and Daiichi Sankyo. D. Dowlatshahi holds funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, has received an unrestricted education grant from Octapharma Canada, and has received honoraria from Bayer Canada and BMS-Pfizer, all outside of the submitted work. O. Sobowale reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. H. Sallinen, S. Yeh, T. Wu, M. Ferrigno, R. Houben, F. Schreuder, L. Perry, J. Tanaka, M. Boulanger, R. Al-Shahi Salman, H. Jäger, G. Ambler, C. Shakeshaft, Y. Yakushiji, P. Choi, J. Staals, C. Cordonnier, J. Jeng, R. Veltkamp, and D. Dowlatshahi report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. S. Engelter received funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim, has served on scientific advisory boards for Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and BMS/Pfizer, has received an educational grant from Pfizer, and received funding from the Swiss Heart Foundation for the conductance of the NOACISP registry. A. Parry-Jones reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. A. Meretoja received consulting fees, speaker honoraria, and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Stryker, outside the submitted work. D. Werring received personal fees from Bayer outside the submitted work. Go to <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003886">Neurology.org</ext-link> for full disclosures.</p></sec><glossary><title>GLOSSARY</title><def-list><def-item><term id="G1">AF</term><def><p>atrial fibrillation</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G2">CI</term><def><p>confidence interval</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G3">GCS</term><def><p>Glasgow Coma Scale</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G4">HE</term><def><p>hematoma expansion</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G5">HR</term><def><p>hazard ratio</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G6">ICH</term><def><p>intracerebral hemorrhage</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G7">INR</term><def><p>international normalized ratio</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G8">IQR</term><def><p>interquartile range</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G9">IVH</term><def><p>intraventricular hemorrhage</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G10">mRS</term><def><p>modified Rankin Scale</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G11">NOAC</term><def><p>non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G12">OAC</term><def><p>oral anticoagulant</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G13">PCC</term><def><p>prothrombin complex concentrate</p></def></def-item><def-item><term id="G14">VKA</term><def><p>vitamin K antagonist</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="R1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ruff</surname><given-names>CT</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Giugliano</surname><given-names>RP</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Braunwald</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials</article-title>. <source>Lancet</source><year>2014</year>;<volume>383</volume>:<fpage>955</fpage>–<lpage>962</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24315724</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ansell</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>New oral anticoagulants should not be used as first-line agents to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation</article-title>. <source>Circulation</source><year>2012</year>;<volume>125</volume>:<fpage>165</fpage>–<lpage>170</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22215891</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schulman</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Majeed</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran: strengths and weaknesses</article-title>. <source>Semin Thromb Hemost</source><year>2012</year>;<volume>38</volume>:<fpage>7</fpage>–<lpage>15</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22314598</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Parry-Jones</surname><given-names>AR</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Di Napoli</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Goldstein</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Reversal strategies for vitamin K antagonists in acute intracerebral hemorrhage</article-title>. <source>Ann Neurol</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>78</volume>:<fpage>54</fpage>–<lpage>62</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25857223</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Purrucker</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Haas</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Rizos</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Early clinical and radiological course, management, and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage related to new oral anticoagulants</article-title>. <source>JAMA Neurol</source><year>2016</year>;<volume>73</volume>:<fpage>169</fpage>–<lpage>177</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26660118</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hart</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Diener</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Intracranial hemorrhage in atrial fibrillation patients during anticoagulation with warfarin or dabigatran: the RE-LY trial</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>2012</year>;<volume>43</volume>:<fpage>1511</fpage>–<lpage>1517</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22492518</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hankey</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Stevens</surname><given-names>SR</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Piccini</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with warfarin or rivaroxaban: the rivaroxaban once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and embolism trial in atrial fibrillation</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>2014</year>;<volume>45</volume>:<fpage>1304</fpage>–<lpage>1312</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24743444</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Held</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Hylek</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Alexander</surname><given-names>JH</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Clinical outcomes and management associated with major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with apixaban or warfarin: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial</article-title>. <source>Eur Heart J</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>36</volume>:<fpage>1264</fpage>–<lpage>1272</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25499871</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hagii</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Tomita</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Metoki</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage during rivaroxaban treatment: comparison with those during warfarin</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>2014</year>;<volume>45</volume>:<fpage>2805</fpage>–<lpage>2807</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25082810</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Charidimou</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Shakeshaft</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Volume and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage according to oral anticoagulant type</article-title>. <source>Neurology</source><year>2016</year>;<volume>86</volume>:<fpage>360</fpage>–<lpage>366</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26718576</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hallevi</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Dar</surname><given-names>NS</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Barreto</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>The IVH score: a novel tool for estimating intraventricular hemorrhage volume: clinical and research implications</article-title>. <source>Crit Care Med</source><year>2009</year>;<volume>37</volume>:<fpage>969</fpage>–<lpage>974</lpage>, e961.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19237905</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Morgan</surname><given-names>TC</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Dawson</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Spengler</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>The modified Graeb score: an enhanced tool for intraventricular hemorrhage measurement and prediction of functional outcome</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>2013</year>;<volume>44</volume>:<fpage>635</fpage>–<lpage>641</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23370203</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dowlatshahi</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Demchuk</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Flaherty</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Defining hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship with patient outcomes</article-title>. <source>Neurology</source><year>2011</year>;<volume>76</volume>:<fpage>1238</fpage>–<lpage>1244</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21346218</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Zorn</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Nawroth</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Hemostatic therapy in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage associated with rivaroxaban</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>2013</year>;<volume>44</volume>:<fpage>771</fpage>–<lpage>778</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23339956</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lauer</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Cianchetti</surname><given-names>FA</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Van Cott</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Anticoagulation with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran does not enlarge hematoma volume in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage</article-title>. <source>Circulation</source><year>2011</year>;<volume>124</volume>:<fpage>1654</fpage>–<lpage>1662</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21911784</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Akiyama</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Uchino</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Hasegawa</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Characteristics of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant therapy</article-title>. <source>PloS One</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>10</volume>:<fpage>e0132900</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26171862</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hankey</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Intracranial hemorrhage and novel anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation: what have we learned?</article-title><source>Curr Cardiol Rep</source><year>2014</year>;<volume>16</volume>:<fpage>480</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24643903</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hart</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Boop</surname><given-names>BS</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage. Facts and hypotheses</article-title>. <source>Stroke</source><year>1995</year>;<volume>26</volume>:<fpage>1471</fpage>–<lpage>1477</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7631356</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Glund</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Stangier</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Schmohl</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of idarucizumab for the reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in healthy male volunteers: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 1 trial</article-title>. <source>Lancet</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>386</volume>:<fpage>680</fpage>–<lpage>690</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26088268</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Siegal</surname><given-names>DM</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Curnutte</surname><given-names>JT</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Connolly</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity</article-title>. <source>New Engl J Med</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>373</volume>:<fpage>2413</fpage>–<lpage>2424</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26559317</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schiele</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>van Ryn</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Canada</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>A specific antidote for dabigatran: functional and structural characterization</article-title>. <source>Blood</source><year>2013</year>;<volume>121</volume>:<fpage>3554</fpage>–<lpage>3562</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23476049</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pollack</surname><given-names>CV</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Reilly</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Eikelboom</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal</article-title>. <source>New Engl J Med</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>373</volume>:<fpage>511</fpage>–<lpage>520</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26095746</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hofmeijer</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Kappelle</surname><given-names>LJ</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Klijn</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Antithrombotic treatment and intracerebral haemorrhage: between scylla and charybdis</article-title>. <source>Pract Neurol</source><year>2015</year>;<volume>15</volume>:<fpage>250</fpage>–<lpage>256</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25922539</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sprigg</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Renton</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Dineen</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Kwong</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Bath</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tranexamic acid for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a randomized controlled pilot trial (ISRCTN50867461)</article-title>. <source>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</source><year>2014</year>;<volume>23</volume>:<fpage>1312</fpage>–<lpage>1318</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24680087</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Heeley</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage</article-title>. <source>New Engl J Med</source><year>2013</year>;<volume>368</volume>:<fpage>2355</fpage>–<lpage>2365</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23713578</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002797 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002797 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5409844
|texte= Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:28381513" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |