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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for <italic>CREB1</italic>
SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility</title>
<author><name sortKey="Li, M" sort="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M" first="M" last="Li">M. Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luo, X J" sort="Luo, X J" uniqKey="Luo X" first="X-J" last="Luo">X-J Luo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rietschel, M" sort="Rietschel, M" uniqKey="Rietschel M" first="M" last="Rietschel">M. Rietschel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lewis, Cm" sort="Lewis, Cm" uniqKey="Lewis C" first="Cm" last="Lewis">Cm Lewis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattheisen, M" sort="Mattheisen, M" uniqKey="Mattheisen M" first="M" last="Mattheisen">M. Mattheisen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, B" sort="Muller Myhsok, B" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="B" last="Müller-Myhsok">B. Müller-Myhsok</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jamain, S" sort="Jamain, S" uniqKey="Jamain S" first="S" last="Jamain">S. Jamain</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leboyer, M" sort="Leboyer, M" uniqKey="Leboyer M" first="M" last="Leboyer">M. Leboyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landen, M" sort="Landen, M" uniqKey="Landen M" first="M" last="Landén">M. Landén</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Pm" sort="Thompson, Pm" uniqKey="Thompson P" first="Pm" last="Thompson">Pm Thompson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cichon, S" sort="Cichon, S" uniqKey="Cichon S" first="S" last="Cichon">S. Cichon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nothen, Mm" sort="Nothen, Mm" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Mm" last="Nöthen">Mm Nöthen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Tg" sort="Schulze, Tg" uniqKey="Schulze T" first="Tg" last="Schulze">Tg Schulze</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Pf" sort="Sullivan, Pf" uniqKey="Sullivan P" first="Pf" last="Sullivan">Pf Sullivan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergen, Se" sort="Bergen, Se" uniqKey="Bergen S" first="Se" last="Bergen">Se Bergen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donohoe, G" sort="Donohoe, G" uniqKey="Donohoe G" first="G" last="Donohoe">G. Donohoe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Dw" sort="Morris, Dw" uniqKey="Morris D" first="Dw" last="Morris">Dw Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, A" sort="Hargreaves, A" uniqKey="Hargreaves A" first="A" last="Hargreaves">A. Hargreaves</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gill, M" sort="Gill, M" uniqKey="Gill M" first="M" last="Gill">M. Gill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corvin, A" sort="Corvin, A" uniqKey="Corvin A" first="A" last="Corvin">A. Corvin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hultman, C" sort="Hultman, C" uniqKey="Hultman C" first="C" last="Hultman">C. Hultman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toga, Aw" sort="Toga, Aw" uniqKey="Toga A" first="Aw" last="Toga">Aw Toga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, L" sort="Shi, L" uniqKey="Shi L" first="L" last="Shi">L. Shi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Q" sort="Lin, Q" uniqKey="Lin Q" first="Q" last="Lin">Q. Lin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, H" sort="Shi, H" uniqKey="Shi H" first="H" last="Shi">H. Shi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gan, L" sort="Gan, L" uniqKey="Gan L" first="L" last="Gan">L. Gan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer Lindenberg, A" sort="Meyer Lindenberg, A" uniqKey="Meyer Lindenberg A" first="A" last="Meyer-Lindenberg">A. Meyer-Lindenberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czamara, D" sort="Czamara, D" uniqKey="Czamara D" first="D" last="Czamara">D. Czamara</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henry, C" sort="Henry, C" uniqKey="Henry C" first="C" last="Henry">C. Henry</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Etain, B" sort="Etain, B" uniqKey="Etain B" first="B" last="Etain">B. Etain</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bis, Jc" sort="Bis, Jc" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Jc" last="Bis">Jc Bis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikram, Ma" sort="Ikram, Ma" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="Ma" last="Ikram">Ma Ikram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fornage, M" sort="Fornage, M" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="M" last="Fornage">M. Fornage</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debette, S" sort="Debette, S" uniqKey="Debette S" first="S" last="Debette">S. Debette</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Launer, Lj" sort="Launer, Lj" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lj" last="Launer">Lj Launer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seshadri, S" sort="Seshadri, S" uniqKey="Seshadri S" first="S" last="Seshadri">S. Seshadri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erk, S" sort="Erk, S" uniqKey="Erk S" first="S" last="Erk">S. Erk</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walter, H" sort="Walter, H" uniqKey="Walter H" first="H" last="Walter">H. Walter</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heinz, A" sort="Heinz, A" uniqKey="Heinz A" first="A" last="Heinz">A. Heinz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellivier, F" sort="Bellivier, F" uniqKey="Bellivier F" first="F" last="Bellivier">F. Bellivier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Jl" sort="Stein, Jl" uniqKey="Stein J" first="Jl" last="Stein">Jl Stein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medland, Se" sort="Medland, Se" uniqKey="Medland S" first="Se" last="Medland">Se Medland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasquez, A Arias" sort="Vasquez, A Arias" uniqKey="Vasquez A" first="A Arias" last="Vasquez">A Arias Vasquez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hibar, Dp" sort="Hibar, Dp" uniqKey="Hibar D" first="Dp" last="Hibar">Dp Hibar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franke, B" sort="Franke, B" uniqKey="Franke B" first="B" last="Franke">B. Franke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Ng" sort="Martin, Ng" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Ng" last="Martin">Ng Martin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Mj" sort="Wright, Mj" uniqKey="Wright M" first="Mj" last="Wright">Mj Wright</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Su, B" sort="Su, B" uniqKey="Su B" first="B" last="Su">B. Su</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23568192</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3937299</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937299</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3937299</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/mp.2013.37</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002201</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002201</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for <italic>CREB1</italic>
SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility</title>
<author><name sortKey="Li, M" sort="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M" first="M" last="Li">M. Li</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luo, X J" sort="Luo, X J" uniqKey="Luo X" first="X-J" last="Luo">X-J Luo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rietschel, M" sort="Rietschel, M" uniqKey="Rietschel M" first="M" last="Rietschel">M. Rietschel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lewis, Cm" sort="Lewis, Cm" uniqKey="Lewis C" first="Cm" last="Lewis">Cm Lewis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattheisen, M" sort="Mattheisen, M" uniqKey="Mattheisen M" first="M" last="Mattheisen">M. Mattheisen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller Myhsok, B" sort="Muller Myhsok, B" uniqKey="Muller Myhsok B" first="B" last="Müller-Myhsok">B. Müller-Myhsok</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jamain, S" sort="Jamain, S" uniqKey="Jamain S" first="S" last="Jamain">S. Jamain</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leboyer, M" sort="Leboyer, M" uniqKey="Leboyer M" first="M" last="Leboyer">M. Leboyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landen, M" sort="Landen, M" uniqKey="Landen M" first="M" last="Landén">M. Landén</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Pm" sort="Thompson, Pm" uniqKey="Thompson P" first="Pm" last="Thompson">Pm Thompson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cichon, S" sort="Cichon, S" uniqKey="Cichon S" first="S" last="Cichon">S. Cichon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nothen, Mm" sort="Nothen, Mm" uniqKey="Nothen M" first="Mm" last="Nöthen">Mm Nöthen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Tg" sort="Schulze, Tg" uniqKey="Schulze T" first="Tg" last="Schulze">Tg Schulze</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Pf" sort="Sullivan, Pf" uniqKey="Sullivan P" first="Pf" last="Sullivan">Pf Sullivan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergen, Se" sort="Bergen, Se" uniqKey="Bergen S" first="Se" last="Bergen">Se Bergen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donohoe, G" sort="Donohoe, G" uniqKey="Donohoe G" first="G" last="Donohoe">G. Donohoe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Dw" sort="Morris, Dw" uniqKey="Morris D" first="Dw" last="Morris">Dw Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, A" sort="Hargreaves, A" uniqKey="Hargreaves A" first="A" last="Hargreaves">A. Hargreaves</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gill, M" sort="Gill, M" uniqKey="Gill M" first="M" last="Gill">M. Gill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corvin, A" sort="Corvin, A" uniqKey="Corvin A" first="A" last="Corvin">A. Corvin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hultman, C" sort="Hultman, C" uniqKey="Hultman C" first="C" last="Hultman">C. Hultman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toga, Aw" sort="Toga, Aw" uniqKey="Toga A" first="Aw" last="Toga">Aw Toga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, L" sort="Shi, L" uniqKey="Shi L" first="L" last="Shi">L. Shi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Q" sort="Lin, Q" uniqKey="Lin Q" first="Q" last="Lin">Q. Lin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, H" sort="Shi, H" uniqKey="Shi H" first="H" last="Shi">H. Shi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gan, L" sort="Gan, L" uniqKey="Gan L" first="L" last="Gan">L. Gan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer Lindenberg, A" sort="Meyer Lindenberg, A" uniqKey="Meyer Lindenberg A" first="A" last="Meyer-Lindenberg">A. Meyer-Lindenberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czamara, D" sort="Czamara, D" uniqKey="Czamara D" first="D" last="Czamara">D. Czamara</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henry, C" sort="Henry, C" uniqKey="Henry C" first="C" last="Henry">C. Henry</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Etain, B" sort="Etain, B" uniqKey="Etain B" first="B" last="Etain">B. Etain</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bis, Jc" sort="Bis, Jc" uniqKey="Bis J" first="Jc" last="Bis">Jc Bis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikram, Ma" sort="Ikram, Ma" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="Ma" last="Ikram">Ma Ikram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fornage, M" sort="Fornage, M" uniqKey="Fornage M" first="M" last="Fornage">M. Fornage</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debette, S" sort="Debette, S" uniqKey="Debette S" first="S" last="Debette">S. Debette</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Launer, Lj" sort="Launer, Lj" uniqKey="Launer L" first="Lj" last="Launer">Lj Launer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seshadri, S" sort="Seshadri, S" uniqKey="Seshadri S" first="S" last="Seshadri">S. Seshadri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erk, S" sort="Erk, S" uniqKey="Erk S" first="S" last="Erk">S. Erk</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walter, H" sort="Walter, H" uniqKey="Walter H" first="H" last="Walter">H. Walter</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heinz, A" sort="Heinz, A" uniqKey="Heinz A" first="A" last="Heinz">A. Heinz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellivier, F" sort="Bellivier, F" uniqKey="Bellivier F" first="F" last="Bellivier">F. Bellivier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Jl" sort="Stein, Jl" uniqKey="Stein J" first="Jl" last="Stein">Jl Stein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medland, Se" sort="Medland, Se" uniqKey="Medland S" first="Se" last="Medland">Se Medland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasquez, A Arias" sort="Vasquez, A Arias" uniqKey="Vasquez A" first="A Arias" last="Vasquez">A Arias Vasquez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hibar, Dp" sort="Hibar, Dp" uniqKey="Hibar D" first="Dp" last="Hibar">Dp Hibar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franke, B" sort="Franke, B" uniqKey="Franke B" first="B" last="Franke">B. Franke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Ng" sort="Martin, Ng" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Ng" last="Martin">Ng Martin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Mj" sort="Wright, Mj" uniqKey="Wright M" first="Mj" last="Wright">Mj Wright</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Su, B" sort="Su, B" uniqKey="Su B" first="B" last="Su">B. Su</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Molecular psychiatry</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1359-4184</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-5578</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <italic>CACNA1C</italic>
have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene <italic>CREB1</italic>
in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64 888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], <italic>P</italic>
= 6.32 × 10<sup>−5</sup>
, odds ratio (OR) = 1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with <italic>CREB1</italic>
expression in lymphoblastoid cells (<italic>P</italic>
<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (<italic>P</italic>
<1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>
). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that <italic>CREB1</italic>
displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the <italic>CREB1</italic>
risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9607835</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">20545</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mol Psychiatry</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Mol. Psychiatry</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecular psychiatry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1359-4184</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1476-5578</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23568192</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3937299</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/mp.2013.37</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS539572</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for <italic>CREB1</italic>
SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luo</surname>
<given-names>X-j</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rietschel</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mattheisen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Müller-Myhsok</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jamain</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
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<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cichon</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nöthen</surname>
<given-names>MM</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schulze</surname>
<given-names>TG</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>PF</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bergen</surname>
<given-names>SE</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Donohoe</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hargreaves</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gill</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corvin</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hultman</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Toga</surname>
<given-names>AW</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gan</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer-Lindenberg</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Czamara</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henry</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Etain</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bis</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ikram</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fornage</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Debette</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Launer</surname>
<given-names>LJ</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seshadri</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A33">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erk</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heinz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellivier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stein</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Medland</surname>
<given-names>SE</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vasquez</surname>
<given-names>A Arias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hibar</surname>
<given-names>DP</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franke</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>NG</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>MooDS Bipolar Consortium</collab>
<xref rid="FN3" ref-type="author-notes">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The Swedish Bipolar Study Group</collab>
<xref rid="FN3" ref-type="author-notes">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative</collab>
<xref rid="FN4" ref-type="author-notes">46</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>ENIGMA Consortium</collab>
<xref rid="FN5" ref-type="author-notes">47</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>CHARGE Consortium</collab>
<xref rid="FN5" ref-type="author-notes">47</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A33"><label>33</label>
The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A34"><label>34</label>
Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A35"><label>35</label>
Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A36"><label>36</label>
AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A37"><label>37</label>
Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A38"><label>38</label>
Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A39"><label>39</label>
Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A40"><label>40</label>
Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A41"><label>41</label>
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A42"><label>42</label>
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A43"><label>43</label>
Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Correspondence: Dr B. Su, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiao-chang Road, Kunming 650223, China. <email>sub@mail.kiz.ac.cn</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>44</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN3"><label>45</label>
<p>A full list of the members is provided in the <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SD1">Supplementary Data</xref>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN4"><label>46</label>
<p>Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://adni.loni.ucla.edu">adni.loni.ucla.edu</ext-link>
). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://adni.loni.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf">http://adni.loni.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf</ext-link>
</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN5"><label>47</label>
<p>A full list of the members in the consortium can be found in their original studies.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>11</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>452</fpage>
<lpage>461</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/mp.2013.37</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <italic>CACNA1C</italic>
have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene <italic>CREB1</italic>
in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64 888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], <italic>P</italic>
= 6.32 × 10<sup>−5</sup>
, odds ratio (OR) = 1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with <italic>CREB1</italic>
expression in lymphoblastoid cells (<italic>P</italic>
<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (<italic>P</italic>
<1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>
). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that <italic>CREB1</italic>
displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the <italic>CREB1</italic>
risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>association</kwd>
<kwd>bipolar disorder</kwd>
<kwd><italic>CREB1</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>gene expression</kwd>
<kwd>intermediate phenotype</kwd>
<kwd>natural selection</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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