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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small cell lung cancer</title><author><name sortKey="Peifer, Martin" sort="Peifer, Martin" uniqKey="Peifer M" first="Martin" last="Peifer">Martin Peifer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" sort="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" uniqKey="Fernandez Cuesta L" first="Lynnette" last="Fernández-Cuesta">Lynnette Fernández-Cuesta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sos, Martin L" sort="Sos, Martin L" uniqKey="Sos M" first="Martin L" last="Sos">Martin L. Sos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Julie" sort="George, Julie" uniqKey="George J" first="Julie" last="George">Julie George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seidel, Danila" sort="Seidel, Danila" uniqKey="Seidel D" first="Danila" last="Seidel">Danila Seidel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasper, Lawryn H" sort="Kasper, Lawryn H" uniqKey="Kasper L" first="Lawryn H" last="Kasper">Lawryn H. Kasper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plenker, Dennis" sort="Plenker, Dennis" uniqKey="Plenker D" first="Dennis" last="Plenker">Dennis Plenker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leenders, Frauke" sort="Leenders, Frauke" uniqKey="Leenders F" first="Frauke" last="Leenders">Frauke Leenders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Ruping" sort="Sun, Ruping" uniqKey="Sun R" first="Ruping" last="Sun">Ruping Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14194 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zander, Thomas" sort="Zander, Thomas" uniqKey="Zander T" first="Thomas" last="Zander">Thomas Zander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menon, Roopika" sort="Menon, Roopika" uniqKey="Menon R" first="Roopika" last="Menon">Roopika Menon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koker, Mirjam" sort="Koker, Mirjam" uniqKey="Koker M" first="Mirjam" last="Koker">Mirjam Koker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahmen, Ilona" sort="Dahmen, Ilona" uniqKey="Dahmen I" first="Ilona" last="Dahmen">Ilona Dahmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Christian" sort="Muller, Christian" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Christian" last="Müller">Christian Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Cerbo, Vincenzo" sort="Di Cerbo, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Di Cerbo V" first="Vincenzo" last="Di Cerbo">Vincenzo Di Cerbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schildhaus, Hans Ulrich" sort="Schildhaus, Hans Ulrich" uniqKey="Schildhaus H" first="Hans-Ulrich" last="Schildhaus">Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altmuller, Janine" sort="Altmuller, Janine" uniqKey="Altmuller J" first="Janine" last="Altmüller">Janine Altmüller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baessmann, Ingelore" sort="Baessmann, Ingelore" uniqKey="Baessmann I" first="Ingelore" last="Baessmann">Ingelore Baessmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Christian" sort="Becker, Christian" uniqKey="Becker C" first="Christian" last="Becker">Christian Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Wilde, Bram" sort="De Wilde, Bram" uniqKey="De Wilde B" first="Bram" last="De Wilde">Bram De Wilde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandesompele, Jo" sort="Vandesompele, Jo" uniqKey="Vandesompele J" first="Jo" last="Vandesompele">Jo Vandesompele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bohm, Diana" sort="Bohm, Diana" uniqKey="Bohm D" first="Diana" last="Böhm">Diana Böhm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansen, Sascha" sort="Ansen, Sascha" uniqKey="Ansen S" first="Sascha" last="Ansén">Sascha Ansén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gabler, Franziska" sort="Gabler, Franziska" uniqKey="Gabler F" first="Franziska" last="Gabler">Franziska Gabler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkening, Ines" sort="Wilkening, Ines" uniqKey="Wilkening I" first="Ines" last="Wilkening">Ines Wilkening</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heynck, Stefanie" sort="Heynck, Stefanie" uniqKey="Heynck S" first="Stefanie" last="Heynck">Stefanie Heynck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heuckmann, Johannes M" sort="Heuckmann, Johannes M" uniqKey="Heuckmann J" first="Johannes M" last="Heuckmann">Johannes M. Heuckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xin" sort="Lu, Xin" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xin" last="Lu">Xin Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, Scott L" sort="Carter, Scott L" uniqKey="Carter S" first="Scott L" last="Carter">Scott L. Carter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, Kristian" sort="Cibulskis, Kristian" uniqKey="Cibulskis K" first="Kristian" last="Cibulskis">Kristian Cibulskis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerji, Shantanu" sort="Banerji, Shantanu" uniqKey="Banerji S" first="Shantanu" last="Banerji">Shantanu Banerji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Getz, Gad" sort="Getz, Gad" uniqKey="Getz G" first="Gad" last="Getz">Gad Getz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Kwon Sik" sort="Park, Kwon Sik" uniqKey="Park K" first="Kwon-Sik" last="Park">Kwon-Sik Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauh, Daniel" sort="Rauh, Daniel" uniqKey="Rauh D" first="Daniel" last="Rauh">Daniel Rauh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Technical University Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grutter, Christian" sort="Grutter, Christian" uniqKey="Grutter C" first="Christian" last="Grütter">Christian Grütter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Technical University Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Matthias" sort="Fischer, Matthias" uniqKey="Fischer M" first="Matthias" last="Fischer">Matthias Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasqualucci, Laura" sort="Pasqualucci, Laura" uniqKey="Pasqualucci L" first="Laura" last="Pasqualucci">Laura Pasqualucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Gavin" sort="Wright, Gavin" uniqKey="Wright G" first="Gavin" last="Wright">Gavin Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building 29 Regent Street, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wainer, Zoe" sort="Wainer, Zoe" uniqKey="Wainer Z" first="Zoe" last="Wainer">Zoe Wainer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building 29 Regent Street, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, Prudence" sort="Russell, Prudence" uniqKey="Russell P" first="Prudence" last="Russell">Prudence Russell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Iver" sort="Petersen, Iver" uniqKey="Petersen I" first="Iver" last="Petersen">Iver Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yuan" sort="Chen, Yuan" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yuan" last="Chen">Yuan Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoelben, Erich" sort="Stoelben, Erich" uniqKey="Stoelben E" first="Erich" last="Stoelben">Erich Stoelben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ludwig, Corinna" sort="Ludwig, Corinna" uniqKey="Ludwig C" first="Corinna" last="Ludwig">Corinna Ludwig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schnabel, Philipp" sort="Schnabel, Philipp" uniqKey="Schnabel P" first="Philipp" last="Schnabel">Philipp Schnabel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Pathology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Hans" sort="Hoffmann, Hans" uniqKey="Hoffmann H" first="Hans" last="Hoffmann">Hans Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Amalienstr. 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muley, Thomas" sort="Muley, Thomas" uniqKey="Muley T" first="Thomas" last="Muley">Thomas Muley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Amalienstr. 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brockmann, Michael" sort="Brockmann, Michael" uniqKey="Brockmann M" first="Michael" last="Brockmann">Michael Brockmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Pathology, Hospital Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engel Riedel, Walburga" sort="Engel Riedel, Walburga" uniqKey="Engel Riedel W" first="Walburga" last="Engel-Riedel">Walburga Engel-Riedel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muscarella, Lucia A" sort="Muscarella, Lucia A" uniqKey="Muscarella L" first="Lucia A" last="Muscarella">Lucia A. Muscarella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fazio, Vito M" sort="Fazio, Vito M" uniqKey="Fazio V" first="Vito M" last="Fazio">Vito M. Fazio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groen, Harry" sort="Groen, Harry" uniqKey="Groen H" first="Harry" last="Groen">Harry Groen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timens, Wim" sort="Timens, Wim" uniqKey="Timens W" first="Wim" last="Timens">Wim Timens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sietsma, Hannie" sort="Sietsma, Hannie" uniqKey="Sietsma H" first="Hannie" last="Sietsma">Hannie Sietsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thunnissen, Erik" sort="Thunnissen, Erik" uniqKey="Thunnissen E" first="Erik" last="Thunnissen">Erik Thunnissen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Egbert" sort="Smit, Egbert" uniqKey="Smit E" first="Egbert" last="Smit">Egbert Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heideman, Danielle Am" sort="Heideman, Danielle Am" uniqKey="Heideman D" first="Daniëlle Am" last="Heideman">Daniëlle Am Heideman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snijders, Peter Jf" sort="Snijders, Peter Jf" uniqKey="Snijders P" first="Peter Jf" last="Snijders">Peter Jf Snijders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappuzzo, Federico" sort="Cappuzzo, Federico" uniqKey="Cappuzzo F" first="Federico" last="Cappuzzo">Federico Cappuzzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Civile, 57100 Livorno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ligorio, Claudia" sort="Ligorio, Claudia" uniqKey="Ligorio C" first="Claudia" last="Ligorio">Claudia Ligorio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Haematology and Oncologic Science, University Hospital Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damiani, Stefania" sort="Damiani, Stefania" uniqKey="Damiani S" first="Stefania" last="Damiani">Stefania Damiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Haematology and Oncologic Science, University Hospital Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, John" sort="Field, John" uniqKey="Field J" first="John" last="Field">John Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool. 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solberg, Steinar" sort="Solberg, Steinar" uniqKey="Solberg S" first="Steinar" last="Solberg">Steinar Solberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brustugun, Odd Terje" sort="Brustugun, Odd Terje" uniqKey="Brustugun O" first="Odd Terje" last="Brustugun">Odd Terje Brustugun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Inst of clinical medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Dept of oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund Iversen, Marius" sort="Lund Iversen, Marius" uniqKey="Lund Iversen M" first="Marius" last="Lund-Iversen">Marius Lund-Iversen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Dept of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Nger, Jorg" sort="S Nger, Jorg" uniqKey="S Nger J" first="Jörg" last="S Nger">Jörg S Nger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Pathology Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clement, Joachim H" sort="Clement, Joachim H" uniqKey="Clement J" first="Joachim H" last="Clement">Joachim H. Clement</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department for Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soltermann, Alex" sort="Soltermann, Alex" uniqKey="Soltermann A" first="Alex" last="Soltermann">Alex Soltermann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moch, Holger" sort="Moch, Holger" uniqKey="Moch H" first="Holger" last="Moch">Holger Moch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weder, Walter" sort="Weder, Walter" uniqKey="Weder W" first="Walter" last="Weder">Walter Weder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Benjamin" sort="Solomon, Benjamin" uniqKey="Solomon B" first="Benjamin" last="Solomon">Benjamin Solomon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soria, Jean Charles" sort="Soria, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Soria J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Soria">Jean-Charles Soria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Phase I Unit–Department of Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Validire, Pierre" sort="Validire, Pierre" uniqKey="Validire P" first="Pierre" last="Validire">Pierre Validire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">France Service d’Anatomie-Pathologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besse, Benjamin" sort="Besse, Benjamin" uniqKey="Besse B" first="Benjamin" last="Besse">Benjamin Besse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Phase I Unit–Department of Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Elisabeth" sort="Brambilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Brambilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Brambilla">Elisabeth Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Christian" sort="Brambilla, Christian" uniqKey="Brambilla C" first="Christian" last="Brambilla">Christian Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lantuejoul, Sylvie" sort="Lantuejoul, Sylvie" uniqKey="Lantuejoul S" first="Sylvie" last="Lantuejoul">Sylvie Lantuejoul</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorimier, Philippe" sort="Lorimier, Philippe" uniqKey="Lorimier P" first="Philippe" last="Lorimier">Philippe Lorimier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Peter M" sort="Schneider, Peter M" uniqKey="Schneider P" first="Peter M" last="Schneider">Peter M. Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, 50823 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallek, Michael" sort="Hallek, Michael" uniqKey="Hallek M" first="Michael" last="Hallek">Michael Hallek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pao, William" sort="Pao, William" uniqKey="Pao W" first="William" last="Pao">William Pao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerson, Matthew" sort="Meyerson, Matthew" uniqKey="Meyerson M" first="Matthew" last="Meyerson">Matthew Meyerson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sage, Julien" sort="Sage, Julien" uniqKey="Sage J" first="Julien" last="Sage">Julien Sage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shendure, Jay" sort="Shendure, Jay" uniqKey="Shendure J" first="Jay" last="Shendure">Jay Shendure</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S- 250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Robert" sort="Schneider, Robert" uniqKey="Schneider R" first="Robert" last="Schneider">Robert Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Reinhard" sort="Buttner, Reinhard" uniqKey="Buttner R" first="Reinhard" last="Büttner">Reinhard Büttner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Jurgen" sort="Wolf, Jurgen" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Jürgen" last="Wolf">Jürgen Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nurnberg, Peter" sort="Nurnberg, Peter" uniqKey="Nurnberg P" first="Peter" last="Nürnberg">Peter Nürnberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perner, Sven" sort="Perner, Sven" uniqKey="Perner S" first="Sven" last="Perner">Sven Perner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heukamp, Lukas C" sort="Heukamp, Lukas C" uniqKey="Heukamp L" first="Lukas C" last="Heukamp">Lukas C. Heukamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brindle, Paul K" sort="Brindle, Paul K" uniqKey="Brindle P" first="Paul K" last="Brindle">Paul K. Brindle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Stefan" sort="Haas, Stefan" uniqKey="Haas S" first="Stefan" last="Haas">Stefan Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14194 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Roman K" sort="Thomas, Roman K" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roman K" last="Thomas">Roman K. Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22941188</idno><idno type="pmc">4915822</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4915822</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4915822</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.2396</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002135</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002135</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small cell lung cancer</title><author><name sortKey="Peifer, Martin" sort="Peifer, Martin" uniqKey="Peifer M" first="Martin" last="Peifer">Martin Peifer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" sort="Fernandez Cuesta, Lynnette" uniqKey="Fernandez Cuesta L" first="Lynnette" last="Fernández-Cuesta">Lynnette Fernández-Cuesta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sos, Martin L" sort="Sos, Martin L" uniqKey="Sos M" first="Martin L" last="Sos">Martin L. Sos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Julie" sort="George, Julie" uniqKey="George J" first="Julie" last="George">Julie George</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seidel, Danila" sort="Seidel, Danila" uniqKey="Seidel D" first="Danila" last="Seidel">Danila Seidel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasper, Lawryn H" sort="Kasper, Lawryn H" uniqKey="Kasper L" first="Lawryn H" last="Kasper">Lawryn H. Kasper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plenker, Dennis" sort="Plenker, Dennis" uniqKey="Plenker D" first="Dennis" last="Plenker">Dennis Plenker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leenders, Frauke" sort="Leenders, Frauke" uniqKey="Leenders F" first="Frauke" last="Leenders">Frauke Leenders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Ruping" sort="Sun, Ruping" uniqKey="Sun R" first="Ruping" last="Sun">Ruping Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14194 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zander, Thomas" sort="Zander, Thomas" uniqKey="Zander T" first="Thomas" last="Zander">Thomas Zander</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menon, Roopika" sort="Menon, Roopika" uniqKey="Menon R" first="Roopika" last="Menon">Roopika Menon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koker, Mirjam" sort="Koker, Mirjam" uniqKey="Koker M" first="Mirjam" last="Koker">Mirjam Koker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahmen, Ilona" sort="Dahmen, Ilona" uniqKey="Dahmen I" first="Ilona" last="Dahmen">Ilona Dahmen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Christian" sort="Muller, Christian" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Christian" last="Müller">Christian Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Cerbo, Vincenzo" sort="Di Cerbo, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Di Cerbo V" first="Vincenzo" last="Di Cerbo">Vincenzo Di Cerbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schildhaus, Hans Ulrich" sort="Schildhaus, Hans Ulrich" uniqKey="Schildhaus H" first="Hans-Ulrich" last="Schildhaus">Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altmuller, Janine" sort="Altmuller, Janine" uniqKey="Altmuller J" first="Janine" last="Altmüller">Janine Altmüller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baessmann, Ingelore" sort="Baessmann, Ingelore" uniqKey="Baessmann I" first="Ingelore" last="Baessmann">Ingelore Baessmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Christian" sort="Becker, Christian" uniqKey="Becker C" first="Christian" last="Becker">Christian Becker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Wilde, Bram" sort="De Wilde, Bram" uniqKey="De Wilde B" first="Bram" last="De Wilde">Bram De Wilde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandesompele, Jo" sort="Vandesompele, Jo" uniqKey="Vandesompele J" first="Jo" last="Vandesompele">Jo Vandesompele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bohm, Diana" sort="Bohm, Diana" uniqKey="Bohm D" first="Diana" last="Böhm">Diana Böhm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansen, Sascha" sort="Ansen, Sascha" uniqKey="Ansen S" first="Sascha" last="Ansén">Sascha Ansén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gabler, Franziska" sort="Gabler, Franziska" uniqKey="Gabler F" first="Franziska" last="Gabler">Franziska Gabler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkening, Ines" sort="Wilkening, Ines" uniqKey="Wilkening I" first="Ines" last="Wilkening">Ines Wilkening</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heynck, Stefanie" sort="Heynck, Stefanie" uniqKey="Heynck S" first="Stefanie" last="Heynck">Stefanie Heynck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heuckmann, Johannes M" sort="Heuckmann, Johannes M" uniqKey="Heuckmann J" first="Johannes M" last="Heuckmann">Johannes M. Heuckmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xin" sort="Lu, Xin" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xin" last="Lu">Xin Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, Scott L" sort="Carter, Scott L" uniqKey="Carter S" first="Scott L" last="Carter">Scott L. Carter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, Kristian" sort="Cibulskis, Kristian" uniqKey="Cibulskis K" first="Kristian" last="Cibulskis">Kristian Cibulskis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerji, Shantanu" sort="Banerji, Shantanu" uniqKey="Banerji S" first="Shantanu" last="Banerji">Shantanu Banerji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Getz, Gad" sort="Getz, Gad" uniqKey="Getz G" first="Gad" last="Getz">Gad Getz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Kwon Sik" sort="Park, Kwon Sik" uniqKey="Park K" first="Kwon-Sik" last="Park">Kwon-Sik Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauh, Daniel" sort="Rauh, Daniel" uniqKey="Rauh D" first="Daniel" last="Rauh">Daniel Rauh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Technical University Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grutter, Christian" sort="Grutter, Christian" uniqKey="Grutter C" first="Christian" last="Grütter">Christian Grütter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Technical University Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Matthias" sort="Fischer, Matthias" uniqKey="Fischer M" first="Matthias" last="Fischer">Matthias Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasqualucci, Laura" sort="Pasqualucci, Laura" uniqKey="Pasqualucci L" first="Laura" last="Pasqualucci">Laura Pasqualucci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Gavin" sort="Wright, Gavin" uniqKey="Wright G" first="Gavin" last="Wright">Gavin Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building 29 Regent Street, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wainer, Zoe" sort="Wainer, Zoe" uniqKey="Wainer Z" first="Zoe" last="Wainer">Zoe Wainer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building 29 Regent Street, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, Prudence" sort="Russell, Prudence" uniqKey="Russell P" first="Prudence" last="Russell">Prudence Russell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Iver" sort="Petersen, Iver" uniqKey="Petersen I" first="Iver" last="Petersen">Iver Petersen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yuan" sort="Chen, Yuan" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yuan" last="Chen">Yuan Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoelben, Erich" sort="Stoelben, Erich" uniqKey="Stoelben E" first="Erich" last="Stoelben">Erich Stoelben</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ludwig, Corinna" sort="Ludwig, Corinna" uniqKey="Ludwig C" first="Corinna" last="Ludwig">Corinna Ludwig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schnabel, Philipp" sort="Schnabel, Philipp" uniqKey="Schnabel P" first="Philipp" last="Schnabel">Philipp Schnabel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Pathology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Hans" sort="Hoffmann, Hans" uniqKey="Hoffmann H" first="Hans" last="Hoffmann">Hans Hoffmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Amalienstr. 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muley, Thomas" sort="Muley, Thomas" uniqKey="Muley T" first="Thomas" last="Muley">Thomas Muley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Amalienstr. 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brockmann, Michael" sort="Brockmann, Michael" uniqKey="Brockmann M" first="Michael" last="Brockmann">Michael Brockmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Pathology, Hospital Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engel Riedel, Walburga" sort="Engel Riedel, Walburga" uniqKey="Engel Riedel W" first="Walburga" last="Engel-Riedel">Walburga Engel-Riedel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muscarella, Lucia A" sort="Muscarella, Lucia A" uniqKey="Muscarella L" first="Lucia A" last="Muscarella">Lucia A. Muscarella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fazio, Vito M" sort="Fazio, Vito M" uniqKey="Fazio V" first="Vito M" last="Fazio">Vito M. Fazio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groen, Harry" sort="Groen, Harry" uniqKey="Groen H" first="Harry" last="Groen">Harry Groen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timens, Wim" sort="Timens, Wim" uniqKey="Timens W" first="Wim" last="Timens">Wim Timens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sietsma, Hannie" sort="Sietsma, Hannie" uniqKey="Sietsma H" first="Hannie" last="Sietsma">Hannie Sietsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thunnissen, Erik" sort="Thunnissen, Erik" uniqKey="Thunnissen E" first="Erik" last="Thunnissen">Erik Thunnissen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Egbert" sort="Smit, Egbert" uniqKey="Smit E" first="Egbert" last="Smit">Egbert Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heideman, Danielle Am" sort="Heideman, Danielle Am" uniqKey="Heideman D" first="Daniëlle Am" last="Heideman">Daniëlle Am Heideman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snijders, Peter Jf" sort="Snijders, Peter Jf" uniqKey="Snijders P" first="Peter Jf" last="Snijders">Peter Jf Snijders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappuzzo, Federico" sort="Cappuzzo, Federico" uniqKey="Cappuzzo F" first="Federico" last="Cappuzzo">Federico Cappuzzo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Civile, 57100 Livorno, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ligorio, Claudia" sort="Ligorio, Claudia" uniqKey="Ligorio C" first="Claudia" last="Ligorio">Claudia Ligorio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Haematology and Oncologic Science, University Hospital Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damiani, Stefania" sort="Damiani, Stefania" uniqKey="Damiani S" first="Stefania" last="Damiani">Stefania Damiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Haematology and Oncologic Science, University Hospital Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, John" sort="Field, John" uniqKey="Field J" first="John" last="Field">John Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool. 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solberg, Steinar" sort="Solberg, Steinar" uniqKey="Solberg S" first="Steinar" last="Solberg">Steinar Solberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brustugun, Odd Terje" sort="Brustugun, Odd Terje" uniqKey="Brustugun O" first="Odd Terje" last="Brustugun">Odd Terje Brustugun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Inst of clinical medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Dept of oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund Iversen, Marius" sort="Lund Iversen, Marius" uniqKey="Lund Iversen M" first="Marius" last="Lund-Iversen">Marius Lund-Iversen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">Dept of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Nger, Jorg" sort="S Nger, Jorg" uniqKey="S Nger J" first="Jörg" last="S Nger">Jörg S Nger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute for Pathology Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clement, Joachim H" sort="Clement, Joachim H" uniqKey="Clement J" first="Joachim H" last="Clement">Joachim H. Clement</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department for Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soltermann, Alex" sort="Soltermann, Alex" uniqKey="Soltermann A" first="Alex" last="Soltermann">Alex Soltermann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moch, Holger" sort="Moch, Holger" uniqKey="Moch H" first="Holger" last="Moch">Holger Moch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weder, Walter" sort="Weder, Walter" uniqKey="Weder W" first="Walter" last="Weder">Walter Weder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Benjamin" sort="Solomon, Benjamin" uniqKey="Solomon B" first="Benjamin" last="Solomon">Benjamin Solomon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soria, Jean Charles" sort="Soria, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Soria J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Soria">Jean-Charles Soria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Phase I Unit–Department of Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Validire, Pierre" sort="Validire, Pierre" uniqKey="Validire P" first="Pierre" last="Validire">Pierre Validire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">France Service d’Anatomie-Pathologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besse, Benjamin" sort="Besse, Benjamin" uniqKey="Besse B" first="Benjamin" last="Besse">Benjamin Besse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Phase I Unit–Department of Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Elisabeth" sort="Brambilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Brambilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Brambilla">Elisabeth Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Christian" sort="Brambilla, Christian" uniqKey="Brambilla C" first="Christian" last="Brambilla">Christian Brambilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lantuejoul, Sylvie" sort="Lantuejoul, Sylvie" uniqKey="Lantuejoul S" first="Sylvie" last="Lantuejoul">Sylvie Lantuejoul</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorimier, Philippe" sort="Lorimier, Philippe" uniqKey="Lorimier P" first="Philippe" last="Lorimier">Philippe Lorimier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Peter M" sort="Schneider, Peter M" uniqKey="Schneider P" first="Peter M" last="Schneider">Peter M. Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, 50823 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallek, Michael" sort="Hallek, Michael" uniqKey="Hallek M" first="Michael" last="Hallek">Michael Hallek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pao, William" sort="Pao, William" uniqKey="Pao W" first="William" last="Pao">William Pao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerson, Matthew" sort="Meyerson, Matthew" uniqKey="Meyerson M" first="Matthew" last="Meyerson">Matthew Meyerson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sage, Julien" sort="Sage, Julien" uniqKey="Sage J" first="Julien" last="Sage">Julien Sage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shendure, Jay" sort="Shendure, Jay" uniqKey="Shendure J" first="Jay" last="Shendure">Jay Shendure</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S- 250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Robert" sort="Schneider, Robert" uniqKey="Schneider R" first="Robert" last="Schneider">Robert Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Reinhard" sort="Buttner, Reinhard" uniqKey="Buttner R" first="Reinhard" last="Büttner">Reinhard Büttner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Jurgen" sort="Wolf, Jurgen" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Jürgen" last="Wolf">Jürgen Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nurnberg, Peter" sort="Nurnberg, Peter" uniqKey="Nurnberg P" first="Peter" last="Nürnberg">Peter Nürnberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perner, Sven" sort="Perner, Sven" uniqKey="Perner S" first="Sven" last="Perner">Sven Perner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heukamp, Lukas C" sort="Heukamp, Lukas C" uniqKey="Heukamp L" first="Lukas C" last="Heukamp">Lukas C. Heukamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brindle, Paul K" sort="Brindle, Paul K" uniqKey="Brindle P" first="Paul K" last="Brindle">Paul K. Brindle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Stefan" sort="Haas, Stefan" uniqKey="Haas S" first="Stefan" last="Haas">Stefan Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14194 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Roman K" sort="Thomas, Roman K" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roman K" last="Thomas">Roman K. Thomas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung tumor subtype with poor survival<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>–<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. We sequenced 29 SCLC exomes, two genomes and 15 transcriptomes and found an extremely high mutation rate of 7.4±1 protein-changing mutations per million basepairs. Therefore, we conducted integrated analyses of the various data sets to identify pathogenetically relevant mutated genes. In all cases we found evidence for inactivation of <italic>TP53</italic> and <italic>RB1</italic> and identified recurrent mutations in histone-modifying genes, <italic>CREBBP</italic>, <italic>EP300</italic>, and <italic>MLL</italic>. Furthermore, we observed mutations in <italic>PTEN</italic>, in <italic>SLIT2</italic>, and <italic>EPHA7</italic>, as well as focal amplifications of the <italic>FGFR1</italic> tyrosine kinase gene. Finally, we detected many of the alterations found in humans in SCLC tumors from <italic>p53/Rb1</italic>-deficient mice<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. Our study implicates histone modification as a major feature of SCLC, reveals potentially therapeutically tractable genome alterations, and provides a generalizable framework for identification of biologically relevant genes in the context of high mutational background.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9216904</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2419</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Genet.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1061-4036</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-1718</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22941188</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4915822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ng.2396</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS793416</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small cell lung cancer</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peifer</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fernández-Cuesta</surname><given-names>Lynnette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sos</surname><given-names>Martin L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname><given-names>Julie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seidel</surname><given-names>Danila</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kasper</surname><given-names>Lawryn H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Plenker</surname><given-names>Dennis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leenders</surname><given-names>Frauke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Ruping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zander</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menon</surname><given-names>Roopika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soria</surname><given-names>Jean-Charles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Validire</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Besse</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brambilla</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brambilla</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lantuejoul</surname><given-names>Sylvie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lorimier</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schneider</surname><given-names>Peter M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hallek</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pao</surname><given-names>William</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyerson</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A49">49</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sage</surname><given-names>Julien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shendure</surname><given-names>Jay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schneider</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Büttner</surname><given-names>Reinhard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolf</surname><given-names>Jürgen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nürnberg</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perner</surname><given-names>Sven</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heukamp</surname><given-names>Lukas C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brindle</surname><given-names>Paul K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haas</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>Roman K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln – Bonn, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14194 Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Institute of Prostate Cancer Research at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Technical University Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 2, Clinical Sciences Building 29 Regent Street, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Department of Pathology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, 3065 Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Thoracic Surgery, Lungenklinik Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Institute of Pathology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Amalienstr. 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Pathology, Hospital Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, 51109 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Civile, 57100 Livorno, Italy</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Haematology and Oncologic Science, University Hospital Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool. 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Inst of clinical medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Dept of oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>Dept of pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Institute for Pathology Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Department for Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Phase I Unit–Department of Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>France Service d’Anatomie-Pathologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Department of Pathology, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Institut Albert Bonniot INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, 50823 Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S- 250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Correspondence to: Roman Thomas, <email>roman.thomas@uni-koeln.de</email>, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany, Tel.: +49-221-478-98771</corresp><fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>11</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1104</fpage><lpage>1110</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1038/ng.2396</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung tumor subtype with poor survival<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>–<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. We sequenced 29 SCLC exomes, two genomes and 15 transcriptomes and found an extremely high mutation rate of 7.4±1 protein-changing mutations per million basepairs. Therefore, we conducted integrated analyses of the various data sets to identify pathogenetically relevant mutated genes. In all cases we found evidence for inactivation of <italic>TP53</italic> and <italic>RB1</italic> and identified recurrent mutations in histone-modifying genes, <italic>CREBBP</italic>, <italic>EP300</italic>, and <italic>MLL</italic>. Furthermore, we observed mutations in <italic>PTEN</italic>, in <italic>SLIT2</italic>, and <italic>EPHA7</italic>, as well as focal amplifications of the <italic>FGFR1</italic> tyrosine kinase gene. Finally, we detected many of the alterations found in humans in SCLC tumors from <italic>p53/Rb1</italic>-deficient mice<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>. Our study implicates histone modification as a major feature of SCLC, reveals potentially therapeutically tractable genome alterations, and provides a generalizable framework for identification of biologically relevant genes in the context of high mutational background.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>small-cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>cancer genome</kwd><kwd>integrated analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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