Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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<title xml:lang="en">The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Di Florio, A" sort="Di Florio, A" uniqKey="Di Florio A" first="A." last="Di Florio">A. Di Florio</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Putnam, K" sort="Putnam, K" uniqKey="Putnam K" first="K." last="Putnam">K. Putnam</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Altemus, M" sort="Altemus, M" uniqKey="Altemus M" first="M." last="Altemus">M. Altemus</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Apter, G" sort="Apter, G" uniqKey="Apter G" first="G." last="Apter">G. Apter</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Erasme Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bergink, V" sort="Bergink, V" uniqKey="Bergink V" first="V." last="Bergink">V. Bergink</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bilszta, J" sort="Bilszta, J" uniqKey="Bilszta J" first="J." last="Bilszta">J. Bilszta</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brock, R" sort="Brock, R" uniqKey="Brock R" first="R." last="Brock">R. Brock</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buist, A" sort="Buist, A" uniqKey="Buist A" first="A." last="Buist">A. Buist</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deligiannidis, K M" sort="Deligiannidis, K M" uniqKey="Deligiannidis K" first="K. M." last="Deligiannidis">K. M. Deligiannidis</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A9">Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Glen Oaks, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Devouche, E" sort="Devouche, E" uniqKey="Devouche E" first="E." last="Devouche">E. Devouche</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A10">Erasme Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Epperson, C N" sort="Epperson, C N" uniqKey="Epperson C" first="C. N." last="Epperson">C. N. Epperson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guille, C" sort="Guille, C" uniqKey="Guille C" first="C." last="Guille">C. Guille</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, D" sort="Kim, D" uniqKey="Kim D" first="D." last="Kim">D. Kim</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lichtenstein, P" sort="Lichtenstein, P" uniqKey="Lichtenstein P" first="P." last="Lichtenstein">P. Lichtenstein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Magnusson, P K E" sort="Magnusson, P K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="P. K. E." last="Magnusson">P. K. E. Magnusson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martinez, P" sort="Martinez, P" uniqKey="Martinez P" first="P." last="Martinez">P. Martinez</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Munk Olsen, T" sort="Munk Olsen, T" uniqKey="Munk Olsen T" first="T." last="Munk-Olsen">T. Munk-Olsen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Newport, J" sort="Newport, J" uniqKey="Newport J" first="J." last="Newport">J. Newport</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Payne, J" sort="Payne, J" uniqKey="Payne J" first="J." last="Payne">J. Payne</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Penninx, B W" sort="Penninx, B W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="B. W." last="Penninx">B. W. Penninx</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Ara, M" sort="O Ara, M" uniqKey="O Ara M" first="M." last="O Ara">M. O Ara</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson Blackmore, E" sort="Robertson Blackmore, E" uniqKey="Robertson Blackmore E" first="E." last="Robertson-Blackmore">E. Robertson-Blackmore</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Family Medicine, Halifax Health, Daytona Beach, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roza, S J" sort="Roza, S J" uniqKey="Roza S" first="S. J." last="Roza">S. J. Roza</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharkey, K M" sort="Sharkey, K M" uniqKey="Sharkey K" first="K. M." last="Sharkey">K. M. Sharkey</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stuart, S" sort="Stuart, S" uniqKey="Stuart S" first="S." last="Stuart">S. Stuart</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tiemeier, H" sort="Tiemeier, H" uniqKey="Tiemeier H" first="H." last="Tiemeier">H. Tiemeier</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viktorin, A" sort="Viktorin, A" uniqKey="Viktorin A" first="A." last="Viktorin">A. Viktorin</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, P J" sort="Schmidt, P J" uniqKey="Schmidt P" first="P. J." last="Schmidt">P. J. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sullivan, P F" sort="Sullivan, P F" uniqKey="Sullivan P" first="P. F." last="Sullivan">P. F. Sullivan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stowe, Z N" sort="Stowe, Z N" uniqKey="Stowe Z" first="Z. N." last="Stowe">Z. N. Stowe</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wisner, K L" sort="Wisner, K L" uniqKey="Wisner K" first="K. L." last="Wisner">K. L. Wisner</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A21">Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, I" sort="Jones, I" uniqKey="Jones I" first="I." last="Jones">I. Jones</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rubinow, D R" sort="Rubinow, D R" uniqKey="Rubinow D" first="D. R." last="Rubinow">D. R. Rubinow</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meltzer Brody, S" sort="Meltzer Brody, S" uniqKey="Meltzer Brody S" first="S." last="Meltzer-Brody">S. Meltzer-Brody</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27866476</idno>
<idno type="pmc">5369767</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5369767</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:5369767</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1017/S0033291716002087</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F01</idno>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Di Florio, A" sort="Di Florio, A" uniqKey="Di Florio A" first="A." last="Di Florio">A. Di Florio</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Putnam, K" sort="Putnam, K" uniqKey="Putnam K" first="K." last="Putnam">K. Putnam</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Altemus, M" sort="Altemus, M" uniqKey="Altemus M" first="M." last="Altemus">M. Altemus</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Apter, G" sort="Apter, G" uniqKey="Apter G" first="G." last="Apter">G. Apter</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Erasme Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bergink, V" sort="Bergink, V" uniqKey="Bergink V" first="V." last="Bergink">V. Bergink</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bilszta, J" sort="Bilszta, J" uniqKey="Bilszta J" first="J." last="Bilszta">J. Bilszta</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brock, R" sort="Brock, R" uniqKey="Brock R" first="R." last="Brock">R. Brock</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buist, A" sort="Buist, A" uniqKey="Buist A" first="A." last="Buist">A. Buist</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deligiannidis, K M" sort="Deligiannidis, K M" uniqKey="Deligiannidis K" first="K. M." last="Deligiannidis">K. M. Deligiannidis</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A9">Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Glen Oaks, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Devouche, E" sort="Devouche, E" uniqKey="Devouche E" first="E." last="Devouche">E. Devouche</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A10">Erasme Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Epperson, C N" sort="Epperson, C N" uniqKey="Epperson C" first="C. N." last="Epperson">C. N. Epperson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guille, C" sort="Guille, C" uniqKey="Guille C" first="C." last="Guille">C. Guille</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, D" sort="Kim, D" uniqKey="Kim D" first="D." last="Kim">D. Kim</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lichtenstein, P" sort="Lichtenstein, P" uniqKey="Lichtenstein P" first="P." last="Lichtenstein">P. Lichtenstein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Magnusson, P K E" sort="Magnusson, P K E" uniqKey="Magnusson P" first="P. K. E." last="Magnusson">P. K. E. Magnusson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martinez, P" sort="Martinez, P" uniqKey="Martinez P" first="P." last="Martinez">P. Martinez</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Munk Olsen, T" sort="Munk Olsen, T" uniqKey="Munk Olsen T" first="T." last="Munk-Olsen">T. Munk-Olsen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Newport, J" sort="Newport, J" uniqKey="Newport J" first="J." last="Newport">J. Newport</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Payne, J" sort="Payne, J" uniqKey="Payne J" first="J." last="Payne">J. Payne</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Penninx, B W" sort="Penninx, B W" uniqKey="Penninx B" first="B. W." last="Penninx">B. W. Penninx</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Ara, M" sort="O Ara, M" uniqKey="O Ara M" first="M." last="O Ara">M. O Ara</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson Blackmore, E" sort="Robertson Blackmore, E" uniqKey="Robertson Blackmore E" first="E." last="Robertson-Blackmore">E. Robertson-Blackmore</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Family Medicine, Halifax Health, Daytona Beach, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roza, S J" sort="Roza, S J" uniqKey="Roza S" first="S. J." last="Roza">S. J. Roza</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharkey, K M" sort="Sharkey, K M" uniqKey="Sharkey K" first="K. M." last="Sharkey">K. M. Sharkey</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stuart, S" sort="Stuart, S" uniqKey="Stuart S" first="S." last="Stuart">S. Stuart</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tiemeier, H" sort="Tiemeier, H" uniqKey="Tiemeier H" first="H." last="Tiemeier">H. Tiemeier</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viktorin, A" sort="Viktorin, A" uniqKey="Viktorin A" first="A." last="Viktorin">A. Viktorin</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, P J" sort="Schmidt, P J" uniqKey="Schmidt P" first="P. J." last="Schmidt">P. J. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sullivan, P F" sort="Sullivan, P F" uniqKey="Sullivan P" first="P. F." last="Sullivan">P. F. Sullivan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stowe, Z N" sort="Stowe, Z N" uniqKey="Stowe Z" first="Z. N." last="Stowe">Z. N. Stowe</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wisner, K L" sort="Wisner, K L" uniqKey="Wisner K" first="K. L." last="Wisner">K. L. Wisner</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A21">Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, I" sort="Jones, I" uniqKey="Jones I" first="I." last="Jones">I. Jones</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rubinow, D R" sort="Rubinow, D R" uniqKey="Rubinow D" first="D. R." last="Rubinow">D. R. Rubinow</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meltzer Brody, S" sort="Meltzer Brody, S" uniqKey="Meltzer Brody S" first="S." last="Meltzer-Brody">S. Meltzer-Brody</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Psychological medicine</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0033-2917</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1469-8978</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Universal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Method</title>
<p id="P2">Ordinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Education, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (Δ*CFI) < 0.01]. The structure of EPDS responses significantly differed between Europe and the USA (Δ*CFI > 0.01), but not between European countries (Δ*CFI < 0.01).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person’s experiences and the context in which the research is conducted.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">1254142</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6777</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Psychol Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Psychol Med</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Psychological medicine</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0033-2917</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1469-8978</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27866476</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5369767</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0033291716002087</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS852473</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Di Florio</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Putnam</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Altemus</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Apter</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bergink</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bilszta</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brock</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Buist</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Deligiannidis</surname>
<given-names>K. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Devouche</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Epperson</surname>
<given-names>C. N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guille</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lichtenstein</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>P. K. E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Munk-Olsen</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Newport</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Penninx</surname>
<given-names>B. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O’Hara</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robertson-Blackmore</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roza</surname>
<given-names>S. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sharkey</surname>
<given-names>K. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stuart</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tiemeier</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Viktorin</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schmidt</surname>
<given-names>P. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>P. F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stowe</surname>
<given-names>Z. N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wisner</surname>
<given-names>K. L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rubinow</surname>
<given-names>D. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meltzer-Brody</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<collab>Postpartum Depression: Action Towards Causes and Treatment (PACT) Consortium</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>4</label>
Erasme Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A5">
<label>5</label>
Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A6">
<label>6</label>
Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</aff>
<aff id="A7">
<label>7</label>
Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A8">
<label>8</label>
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A9">
<label>9</label>
Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Glen Oaks, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<label>10</label>
Erasme Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<label>11</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<label>12</label>
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<label>13</label>
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<label>14</label>
Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A15">
<label>15</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA</aff>
<aff id="A16">
<label>16</label>
Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A17">
<label>17</label>
Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A18">
<label>18</label>
Department of Family Medicine, Halifax Health, Daytona Beach, FL, USA</aff>
<aff id="A19">
<label>19</label>
Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA</aff>
<aff id="A20">
<label>20</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA</aff>
<aff id="A21">
<label>21</label>
Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="FN1">
<label>*</label>
Address for correspondence: S. Meltzer-Brody, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
<email>meltzerb@med.unc.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>16</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>4</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>01</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>787</fpage>
<lpage>799</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1017/S0033291716002087</pmc-comment>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Universal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Method</title>
<p id="P2">Ordinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Education, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (Δ*CFI) < 0.01]. The structure of EPDS responses significantly differed between Europe and the USA (Δ*CFI > 0.01), but not between European countries (Δ*CFI < 0.01).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person’s experiences and the context in which the research is conducted.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Culture</kwd>
<kwd>Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)</kwd>
<kwd>education</kwd>
<kwd>postpartum depression</kwd>
<kwd>race</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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