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<title xml:lang="en">Identification of imaging selection patterns in acute ischemic stroke patients and the influence on treatment and clinical trial enrollment decision making</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luby, Marie" sort="Luby, Marie" uniqKey="Luby M" first="Marie" last="Luby">Marie Luby</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Seton/UT Southwestern Clinical Research Institute of Austin, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Warach, Steven J" sort="Warach, Steven J" uniqKey="Warach S" first="Steven J" last="Warach">Steven J. Warach</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Albers, Gregory W" sort="Albers, Gregory W" uniqKey="Albers G" first="Gregory W" last="Albers">Gregory W. Albers</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baron, Jean Claude" sort="Baron, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Baron J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Baron">Jean-Claude Baron</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">INSERM U894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cognard, Christophe" sort="Cognard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cognard C" first="Christophe" last="Cognard">Christophe Cognard</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Davalos, Antoni" sort="Davalos, Antoni" uniqKey="Davalos A" first="Antoni" last="Dávalos">Antoni Dávalos</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donnan, Geoffrey A" sort="Donnan, Geoffrey A" uniqKey="Donnan G" first="Geoffrey A" last="Donnan">Geoffrey A. Donnan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A9">The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fiebach, Jochen B" sort="Fiebach, Jochen B" uniqKey="Fiebach J" first="Jochen B" last="Fiebach">Jochen B. Fiebach</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A10">Academic Neuroradiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fiehler, Jens" sort="Fiehler, Jens" uniqKey="Fiehler J" first="Jens" last="Fiehler">Jens Fiehler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hacke, Werner" sort="Hacke, Werner" uniqKey="Hacke W" first="Werner" last="Hacke">Werner Hacke</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lansberg, Maarten G" sort="Lansberg, Maarten G" uniqKey="Lansberg M" first="Maarten G" last="Lansberg">Maarten G. Lansberg</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liebeskind, David S" sort="Liebeskind, David S" uniqKey="Liebeskind D" first="David S" last="Liebeskind">David S. Liebeskind</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mattle, Heinrich P" sort="Mattle, Heinrich P" uniqKey="Mattle H" first="Heinrich P" last="Mattle">Heinrich P. Mattle</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oppenheim, Catherine" sort="Oppenheim, Catherine" uniqKey="Oppenheim C" first="Catherine" last="Oppenheim">Catherine Oppenheim</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A15">Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, INSERM U 894, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schellinger, Peter D" sort="Schellinger, Peter D" uniqKey="Schellinger P" first="Peter D" last="Schellinger">Peter D. Schellinger</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A16">Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Minden, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A17">Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wintermark, Max" sort="Wintermark, Max" uniqKey="Wintermark M" first="Max" last="Wintermark">Max Wintermark</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmid">26783309</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4762013</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.1177/1747493015616634</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Identification of imaging selection patterns in acute ischemic stroke patients and the influence on treatment and clinical trial enrollment decision making</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luby, Marie" sort="Luby, Marie" uniqKey="Luby M" first="Marie" last="Luby">Marie Luby</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Seton/UT Southwestern Clinical Research Institute of Austin, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Warach, Steven J" sort="Warach, Steven J" uniqKey="Warach S" first="Steven J" last="Warach">Steven J. Warach</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Albers, Gregory W" sort="Albers, Gregory W" uniqKey="Albers G" first="Gregory W" last="Albers">Gregory W. Albers</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baron, Jean Claude" sort="Baron, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Baron J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Baron">Jean-Claude Baron</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">INSERM U894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cognard, Christophe" sort="Cognard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cognard C" first="Christophe" last="Cognard">Christophe Cognard</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Davalos, Antoni" sort="Davalos, Antoni" uniqKey="Davalos A" first="Antoni" last="Dávalos">Antoni Dávalos</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A8">Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donnan, Geoffrey A" sort="Donnan, Geoffrey A" uniqKey="Donnan G" first="Geoffrey A" last="Donnan">Geoffrey A. Donnan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A9">The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fiebach, Jochen B" sort="Fiebach, Jochen B" uniqKey="Fiebach J" first="Jochen B" last="Fiebach">Jochen B. Fiebach</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A10">Academic Neuroradiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fiehler, Jens" sort="Fiehler, Jens" uniqKey="Fiehler J" first="Jens" last="Fiehler">Jens Fiehler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A11">University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hacke, Werner" sort="Hacke, Werner" uniqKey="Hacke W" first="Werner" last="Hacke">Werner Hacke</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lansberg, Maarten G" sort="Lansberg, Maarten G" uniqKey="Lansberg M" first="Maarten G" last="Lansberg">Maarten G. Lansberg</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liebeskind, David S" sort="Liebeskind, David S" uniqKey="Liebeskind D" first="David S" last="Liebeskind">David S. Liebeskind</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A13">UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mattle, Heinrich P" sort="Mattle, Heinrich P" uniqKey="Mattle H" first="Heinrich P" last="Mattle">Heinrich P. Mattle</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A14">Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oppenheim, Catherine" sort="Oppenheim, Catherine" uniqKey="Oppenheim C" first="Catherine" last="Oppenheim">Catherine Oppenheim</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A15">Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, INSERM U 894, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schellinger, Peter D" sort="Schellinger, Peter D" uniqKey="Schellinger P" first="Peter D" last="Schellinger">Peter D. Schellinger</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A16">Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Minden, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A17">Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wintermark, Max" sort="Wintermark, Max" uniqKey="Wintermark M" first="Max" last="Wintermark">Max Wintermark</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1747-4930</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1747-4949</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background and Purpose</title>
<p id="P1">The purpose of this study was to collect precise information on the typical imaging decisions given specific clinical acute stroke scenarios. Stroke centers worldwide were surveyed regarding typical imaging used to work up representative acute stroke patients, make treatment decisions, and willingness to enroll in clinical trials.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">STroke Imaging Research and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Imaging circulated an online survey of clinical case vignettes through its website, the websites of national professional societies from multiple countries as well as through email distribution lists from STroke Imaging Research and participating societies. Survey responders were asked to select the typical imaging work-up for each clinical vignette presented. Actual images were not presented to the survey responders. Instead, the survey then displayed several types of imaging findings offered by the imaging strategy, and the responders selected the appropriate therapy and whether to enroll into a clinical trial considering time from onset, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. A follow-up survey focusing on 6 h from onset was conducted after the release of the positive endovascular trials.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">We received 548 responses from 35 countries including 282 individual centers; 78% of the centers originating from Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. The specific onset windows presented influenced the type of imaging work-up selected more than the clinical scenario. Magnetic Resonance Imaging usage (27–28%) was substantial, in particular for wake-up stroke. Following the release of the positive trials, selection of perfusion imaging significantly increased for imaging strategy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Usage of vascular or perfusion imaging by Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging beyond just parenchymal imaging was the primary work-up (62–87%) across all clinical vignettes and time windows. Perfusion imaging with Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging was associated with increased probability of enrollment into clinical trials for 0–3 h. Following the release of the positive endovascular trials, selection of endovascular only treatment for 6 h increased across all clinical vignettes.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101274068</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">34603</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Stroke</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Stroke</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1747-4930</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1747-4949</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26783309</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4762013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1747493015616634</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS757217</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Identification of imaging selection patterns in acute ischemic stroke patients and the influence on treatment and clinical trial enrollment decision making</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Luby</surname>
<given-names>Marie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Warach</surname>
<given-names>Steven J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Albers</surname>
<given-names>Gregory W</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baron</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Claude</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cognard</surname>
<given-names>Christophe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dávalos</surname>
<given-names>Antoni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Donnan</surname>
<given-names>Geoffrey A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fiebach</surname>
<given-names>Jochen B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fiehler</surname>
<given-names>Jens</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hacke</surname>
<given-names>Werner</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lansberg</surname>
<given-names>Maarten G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liebeskind</surname>
<given-names>David S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mattle</surname>
<given-names>Heinrich P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oppenheim</surname>
<given-names>Catherine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schellinger</surname>
<given-names>Peter D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wardlaw</surname>
<given-names>Joanna M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wintermark</surname>
<given-names>Max</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Seton/UT Southwestern Clinical Research Institute of Austin, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>4</label>
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A5">
<label>5</label>
INSERM U894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A6">
<label>6</label>
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A7">
<label>7</label>
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France</aff>
<aff id="A8">
<label>8</label>
Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="A9">
<label>9</label>
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<label>10</label>
Academic Neuroradiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<label>11</label>
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<label>12</label>
Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<label>13</label>
UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<label>14</label>
Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</aff>
<aff id="A15">
<label>15</label>
Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, INSERM U 894, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A16">
<label>16</label>
Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Minden, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A17">
<label>17</label>
Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="A18">
<label>18</label>
Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="CR1">
<bold>Corresponding author:</bold>
Marie Luby, Stroke Diagnostics and Therapeutics Section Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B1D-733, MSC1063, Bethesda, MD 20892-1063, USA.
<email>lubym@ninds.nih.gov</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>5</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>22</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>180</fpage>
<lpage>190</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1177/1747493015616634</pmc-comment>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background and Purpose</title>
<p id="P1">The purpose of this study was to collect precise information on the typical imaging decisions given specific clinical acute stroke scenarios. Stroke centers worldwide were surveyed regarding typical imaging used to work up representative acute stroke patients, make treatment decisions, and willingness to enroll in clinical trials.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">STroke Imaging Research and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Imaging circulated an online survey of clinical case vignettes through its website, the websites of national professional societies from multiple countries as well as through email distribution lists from STroke Imaging Research and participating societies. Survey responders were asked to select the typical imaging work-up for each clinical vignette presented. Actual images were not presented to the survey responders. Instead, the survey then displayed several types of imaging findings offered by the imaging strategy, and the responders selected the appropriate therapy and whether to enroll into a clinical trial considering time from onset, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. A follow-up survey focusing on 6 h from onset was conducted after the release of the positive endovascular trials.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">We received 548 responses from 35 countries including 282 individual centers; 78% of the centers originating from Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. The specific onset windows presented influenced the type of imaging work-up selected more than the clinical scenario. Magnetic Resonance Imaging usage (27–28%) was substantial, in particular for wake-up stroke. Following the release of the positive trials, selection of perfusion imaging significantly increased for imaging strategy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Usage of vascular or perfusion imaging by Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging beyond just parenchymal imaging was the primary work-up (62–87%) across all clinical vignettes and time windows. Perfusion imaging with Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging was associated with increased probability of enrollment into clinical trials for 0–3 h. Following the release of the positive endovascular trials, selection of endovascular only treatment for 6 h increased across all clinical vignettes.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Computed Tomography scan</kwd>
<kwd>clinical trial</kwd>
<kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd>
<kwd>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</kwd>
<kwd>stroke</kwd>
<kwd>thrombolysis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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