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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arnold, Melina" sort="Arnold, Melina" uniqKey="Arnold M" first="Melina" last="Arnold">Melina Arnold</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandeya, Nirmala" sort="Pandeya, Nirmala" uniqKey="Pandeya N" first="Nirmala" last="Pandeya">Nirmala Pandeya</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Byrnes, Graham" sort="Byrnes, Graham" uniqKey="Byrnes G" first="Graham" last="Byrnes">Graham Byrnes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renehan, Prof Andrew G" sort="Renehan, Prof Andrew G" uniqKey="Renehan P" first="Prof Andrew G" last="Renehan">Prof Andrew G. Renehan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Gretchen A" sort="Stevens, Gretchen A" uniqKey="Stevens G" first="Gretchen A" last="Stevens">Gretchen A. Stevens</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ezzati, Prof Majid" sort="Ezzati, Prof Majid" uniqKey="Ezzati P" first="Prof Majid" last="Ezzati">Prof Majid Ezzati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferlay, Jacques" sort="Ferlay, Jacques" uniqKey="Ferlay J" first="Jacques" last="Ferlay">Jacques Ferlay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miranda, J Jaime" sort="Miranda, J Jaime" uniqKey="Miranda J" first="J. Jaime" last="Miranda">J. Jaime Miranda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, and School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dikshit, Rajesh" sort="Dikshit, Rajesh" uniqKey="Dikshit R" first="Rajesh" last="Dikshit">Rajesh Dikshit</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forman, David" sort="Forman, David" uniqKey="Forman D" first="David" last="Forman">David Forman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soerjomataram, Isabelle" sort="Soerjomataram, Isabelle" uniqKey="Soerjomataram I" first="Isabelle" last="Soerjomataram">Isabelle Soerjomataram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25467404</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4314462</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4314462</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4314462</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71123-4</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D83</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D83</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arnold, Melina" sort="Arnold, Melina" uniqKey="Arnold M" first="Melina" last="Arnold">Melina Arnold</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandeya, Nirmala" sort="Pandeya, Nirmala" uniqKey="Pandeya N" first="Nirmala" last="Pandeya">Nirmala Pandeya</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Byrnes, Graham" sort="Byrnes, Graham" uniqKey="Byrnes G" first="Graham" last="Byrnes">Graham Byrnes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renehan, Prof Andrew G" sort="Renehan, Prof Andrew G" uniqKey="Renehan P" first="Prof Andrew G" last="Renehan">Prof Andrew G. Renehan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Gretchen A" sort="Stevens, Gretchen A" uniqKey="Stevens G" first="Gretchen A" last="Stevens">Gretchen A. Stevens</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ezzati, Prof Majid" sort="Ezzati, Prof Majid" uniqKey="Ezzati P" first="Prof Majid" last="Ezzati">Prof Majid Ezzati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7"> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferlay, Jacques" sort="Ferlay, Jacques" uniqKey="Ferlay J" first="Jacques" last="Ferlay">Jacques Ferlay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miranda, J Jaime" sort="Miranda, J Jaime" uniqKey="Miranda J" first="J. Jaime" last="Miranda">J. Jaime Miranda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, and School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romieu, Isabelle" sort="Romieu, Isabelle" uniqKey="Romieu I" first="Isabelle" last="Romieu">Isabelle Romieu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dikshit, Rajesh" sort="Dikshit, Rajesh" uniqKey="Dikshit R" first="Rajesh" last="Dikshit">Rajesh Dikshit</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forman, David" sort="Forman, David" uniqKey="Forman D" first="David" last="Forman">David Forman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soerjomataram, Isabelle" sort="Soerjomataram, Isabelle" uniqKey="Soerjomataram I" first="Isabelle" last="Soerjomataram">Isabelle Soerjomataram</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The Lancet. Oncology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1470-2045</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1474-5488</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Excess body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of cancer. To
inform public health policyand future research, we estimated the global burden of cancer
attributable to excess BMI.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were derived using relative risks and
BMI estimates in adults by age, sex and country. Assuming a10-year lag-period, PAFs were
calculated using BMI estimates in 2002. GLOBOCAN2012 was used to compute numbers of new
cancer cases attributable to excess BMI. In an alternative scenario, we computed the
proportion of potentially avoidable cancers assuming that populations maintained their
BMI-level observed in 1982. Secondary analyses were performed to test the model and
estimate the impactof hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and smoking.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Findings</title>
<p id="P3">Worldwide, we estimated that 481,000 or 3·6% of all new cancer cases in
2012 were attributable to excess BMI. PAFs were greater in women compared with men
(5·4% versus 1·9%). The burden was concentrated in countries with very
high and high human development index (HDI, PAF: 5·3% and 4·8%) compared
with countries with moderate and low HDI (PAF: 1·6% and 1·0%). Corpus
uteri, post-menopausal breast and colon cancers accounted for approximately two-thirds
(64%) of excess BMI attributable cancers. One fourth (~118,000) of all cases
related to excess BMI in 2012 could be attributed to the rising BMI since 1982.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">These findings further underpin the need for a global effort to abate the
rising trends in population-level excess weight. Assuming that the relationship between
excess BMI and cancer is causal and the current pattern of population weight gain
continues, this will likely augment the future burden of cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Funding</title>
<p id="P5">World Cancer Research Fund, Marie Currie Fellowship, the National Health and
Medical Research Council Australia and US NIH.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
  <pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">100957246</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">27004</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet Oncol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet Oncol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>The Lancet. Oncology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1470-2045</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1474-5488</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25467404</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4314462</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71123-4</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS653244</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Arnold</surname>
<given-names>Melina</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Pandeya</surname>
<given-names>Nirmala</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Byrnes</surname>
<given-names>Graham</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renehan</surname>
<given-names>Prof Andrew G</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stevens</surname>
<given-names>Gretchen A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DSc</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ezzati</surname>
<given-names>Prof Majid</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>FMedSci</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferlay</surname>
<given-names>Jacques</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miranda</surname>
<given-names>J. Jaime</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romieu</surname>
<given-names>Isabelle</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dikshit</surname>
<given-names>Rajesh</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Forman</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soerjomataram</surname>
<given-names>Isabelle</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
 Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
 School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
 Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
 Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
 Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
 MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, and School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><bold>Corresponding author</bold> Melina Arnold Section of Cancer
Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas 69372
Lyon, France Telp: +33 4 7273 8400 Fax: +33 4 7273 8022
<email>arnoldm@fellows.iarc.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>9</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71123-4</pmc-comment>
      <permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Excess body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of cancer. To
inform public health policyand future research, we estimated the global burden of cancer
attributable to excess BMI.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were derived using relative risks and
BMI estimates in adults by age, sex and country. Assuming a10-year lag-period, PAFs were
calculated using BMI estimates in 2002. GLOBOCAN2012 was used to compute numbers of new
cancer cases attributable to excess BMI. In an alternative scenario, we computed the
proportion of potentially avoidable cancers assuming that populations maintained their
BMI-level observed in 1982. Secondary analyses were performed to test the model and
estimate the impactof hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and smoking.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Findings</title>
<p id="P3">Worldwide, we estimated that 481,000 or 3·6% of all new cancer cases in
2012 were attributable to excess BMI. PAFs were greater in women compared with men
(5·4% versus 1·9%). The burden was concentrated in countries with very
high and high human development index (HDI, PAF: 5·3% and 4·8%) compared
with countries with moderate and low HDI (PAF: 1·6% and 1·0%). Corpus
uteri, post-menopausal breast and colon cancers accounted for approximately two-thirds
(64%) of excess BMI attributable cancers. One fourth (~118,000) of all cases
related to excess BMI in 2012 could be attributed to the rising BMI since 1982.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">These findings further underpin the need for a global effort to abate the
rising trends in population-level excess weight. Assuming that the relationship between
excess BMI and cancer is causal and the current pattern of population weight gain
continues, this will likely augment the future burden of cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Funding</title>
<p id="P5">World Cancer Research Fund, Marie Currie Fellowship, the National Health and
Medical Research Council Australia and US NIH.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>cancer incidence</kwd>
<kwd>global</kwd>
<kwd>obesity</kwd>
<kwd>population attributable fraction</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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