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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Gremlin 1 Identifies a Skeletal Stem Cell with Bone, Cartilage, and Reticular Stromal Potential</title><author><name sortKey="Worthley, Daniel L" sort="Worthley, Daniel L" uniqKey="Worthley D" first="Daniel L." last="Worthley">Daniel L. Worthley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churchill, Michael" sort="Churchill, Michael" uniqKey="Churchill M" first="Michael" last="Churchill">Michael Churchill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Compton, Jocelyn T" sort="Compton, Jocelyn T" uniqKey="Compton J" first="Jocelyn T." last="Compton">Jocelyn T. Compton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tailor, Yagnesh" sort="Tailor, Yagnesh" uniqKey="Tailor Y" first="Yagnesh" last="Tailor">Yagnesh Tailor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Meenakshi" sort="Rao, Meenakshi" uniqKey="Rao M" first="Meenakshi" last="Rao">Meenakshi Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Si, Yiling" sort="Si, Yiling" uniqKey="Si Y" first="Yiling" last="Si">Yiling Si</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Daniel" sort="Levin, Daniel" uniqKey="Levin D" first="Daniel" last="Levin">Daniel Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Matthew G" sort="Schwartz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Schwartz M" first="Matthew G." last="Schwartz">Matthew G. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uygur, Aysu" sort="Uygur, Aysu" uniqKey="Uygur A" first="Aysu" last="Uygur">Aysu Uygur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, Yoku" sort="Hayakawa, Yoku" uniqKey="Hayakawa Y" first="Yoku" last="Hayakawa">Yoku Hayakawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Stefanie" sort="Gross, Stefanie" uniqKey="Gross S" first="Stefanie" last="Gross">Stefanie Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renz, Bernhard W" sort="Renz, Bernhard W" uniqKey="Renz B" first="Bernhard W." last="Renz">Bernhard W. Renz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Setlik, Wanda" sort="Setlik, Wanda" uniqKey="Setlik W" first="Wanda" last="Setlik">Wanda Setlik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ashley N" sort="Martinez, Ashley N" uniqKey="Martinez A" first="Ashley N." last="Martinez">Ashley N. Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiaowei" sort="Chen, Xiaowei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiaowei" last="Chen">Xiaowei Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nizami, Saqib" sort="Nizami, Saqib" uniqKey="Nizami S" first="Saqib" last="Nizami">Saqib Nizami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Heon Goo" sort="Lee, Heon Goo" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Heon Goo" last="Lee">Heon Goo Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, H Paco" sort="Kang, H Paco" uniqKey="Kang H" first="H. Paco" last="Kang">H. Paco Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jon Michael" sort="Caldwell, Jon Michael" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jon-Michael" last="Caldwell">Jon-Michael Caldwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaha, Samuel" sort="Asfaha, Samuel" uniqKey="Asfaha S" first="Samuel" last="Asfaha">Samuel Asfaha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westphalen, C Benedikt" sort="Westphalen, C Benedikt" uniqKey="Westphalen C" first="C. Benedikt" last="Westphalen">C. Benedikt Westphalen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Trevor" sort="Graham, Trevor" uniqKey="Graham T" first="Trevor" last="Graham">Trevor Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Guangchun" sort="Jin, Guangchun" uniqKey="Jin G" first="Guangchun" last="Jin">Guangchun Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagar, Karan" sort="Nagar, Karan" uniqKey="Nagar K" first="Karan" last="Nagar">Karan Nagar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hongshan" sort="Wang, Hongshan" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hongshan" last="Wang">Hongshan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kheirbek, Mazen A" sort="Kheirbek, Mazen A" uniqKey="Kheirbek M" first="Mazen A." last="Kheirbek">Mazen A. Kheirbek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolhe, Alka" sort="Kolhe, Alka" uniqKey="Kolhe A" first="Alka" last="Kolhe">Alka Kolhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Jared" sort="Carpenter, Jared" uniqKey="Carpenter J" first="Jared" last="Carpenter">Jared Carpenter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glaire, Mark" sort="Glaire, Mark" uniqKey="Glaire M" first="Mark" last="Glaire">Mark Glaire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Abhinav" sort="Nair, Abhinav" uniqKey="Nair A" first="Abhinav" last="Nair">Abhinav Nair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renders, Simon" sort="Renders, Simon" uniqKey="Renders S" first="Simon" last="Renders">Simon Renders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manieri, Nicholas" sort="Manieri, Nicholas" uniqKey="Manieri N" first="Nicholas" last="Manieri">Nicholas Manieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" sort="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" uniqKey="Muthupalani S" first="Sureshkumar" last="Muthupalani">Sureshkumar Muthupalani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, James G" sort="Fox, James G" uniqKey="Fox J" first="James G." last="Fox">James G. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichert, Maximilian" sort="Reichert, Maximilian" uniqKey="Reichert M" first="Maximilian" last="Reichert">Maximilian Reichert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud, Andrew S" sort="Giraud, Andrew S" uniqKey="Giraud A" first="Andrew S." last="Giraud">Andrew S. Giraud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, Robert F" sort="Schwabe, Robert F" uniqKey="Schwabe R" first="Robert F." last="Schwabe">Robert F. Schwabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" sort="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" uniqKey="Pradere J" first="Jean-Phillipe" last="Pradere">Jean-Phillipe Pradere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walton, Katherine" sort="Walton, Katherine" uniqKey="Walton K" first="Katherine" last="Walton">Katherine Walton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gumucio, Deborah" sort="Gumucio, Deborah" uniqKey="Gumucio D" first="Deborah" last="Gumucio">Deborah Gumucio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rustgi, Anil K" sort="Rustgi, Anil K" uniqKey="Rustgi A" first="Anil K." last="Rustgi">Anil K. Rustgi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" sort="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" uniqKey="Stappenbeck T" first="Thaddeus S." last="Stappenbeck">Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Richard A" sort="Friedman, Richard A" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Richard A." last="Friedman">Richard A. Friedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershon, Michael D" sort="Gershon, Michael D" uniqKey="Gershon M" first="Michael D." last="Gershon">Michael D. Gershon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Peter" sort="Sims, Peter" uniqKey="Sims P" first="Peter" last="Sims">Peter Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grikscheit, Tracy" sort="Grikscheit, Tracy" uniqKey="Grikscheit T" first="Tracy" last="Grikscheit">Tracy Grikscheit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Francis Y" sort="Lee, Francis Y" uniqKey="Lee F" first="Francis Y." last="Lee">Francis Y. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karsenty, Gerard" sort="Karsenty, Gerard" uniqKey="Karsenty G" first="Gerard" last="Karsenty">Gerard Karsenty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" sort="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Siddhartha" last="Mukherjee">Siddhartha Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Timothy C" sort="Wang, Timothy C" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Timothy C." last="Wang">Timothy C. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25594183</idno><idno type="pmc">4436082</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4436082</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4436082</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D45</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D45</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Gremlin 1 Identifies a Skeletal Stem Cell with Bone, Cartilage, and Reticular Stromal Potential</title><author><name sortKey="Worthley, Daniel L" sort="Worthley, Daniel L" uniqKey="Worthley D" first="Daniel L." last="Worthley">Daniel L. Worthley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churchill, Michael" sort="Churchill, Michael" uniqKey="Churchill M" first="Michael" last="Churchill">Michael Churchill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Compton, Jocelyn T" sort="Compton, Jocelyn T" uniqKey="Compton J" first="Jocelyn T." last="Compton">Jocelyn T. Compton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tailor, Yagnesh" sort="Tailor, Yagnesh" uniqKey="Tailor Y" first="Yagnesh" last="Tailor">Yagnesh Tailor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Meenakshi" sort="Rao, Meenakshi" uniqKey="Rao M" first="Meenakshi" last="Rao">Meenakshi Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Si, Yiling" sort="Si, Yiling" uniqKey="Si Y" first="Yiling" last="Si">Yiling Si</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Daniel" sort="Levin, Daniel" uniqKey="Levin D" first="Daniel" last="Levin">Daniel Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Matthew G" sort="Schwartz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Schwartz M" first="Matthew G." last="Schwartz">Matthew G. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uygur, Aysu" sort="Uygur, Aysu" uniqKey="Uygur A" first="Aysu" last="Uygur">Aysu Uygur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, Yoku" sort="Hayakawa, Yoku" uniqKey="Hayakawa Y" first="Yoku" last="Hayakawa">Yoku Hayakawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Stefanie" sort="Gross, Stefanie" uniqKey="Gross S" first="Stefanie" last="Gross">Stefanie Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renz, Bernhard W" sort="Renz, Bernhard W" uniqKey="Renz B" first="Bernhard W." last="Renz">Bernhard W. Renz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Setlik, Wanda" sort="Setlik, Wanda" uniqKey="Setlik W" first="Wanda" last="Setlik">Wanda Setlik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ashley N" sort="Martinez, Ashley N" uniqKey="Martinez A" first="Ashley N." last="Martinez">Ashley N. Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiaowei" sort="Chen, Xiaowei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiaowei" last="Chen">Xiaowei Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nizami, Saqib" sort="Nizami, Saqib" uniqKey="Nizami S" first="Saqib" last="Nizami">Saqib Nizami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Heon Goo" sort="Lee, Heon Goo" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Heon Goo" last="Lee">Heon Goo Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, H Paco" sort="Kang, H Paco" uniqKey="Kang H" first="H. Paco" last="Kang">H. Paco Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jon Michael" sort="Caldwell, Jon Michael" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jon-Michael" last="Caldwell">Jon-Michael Caldwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaha, Samuel" sort="Asfaha, Samuel" uniqKey="Asfaha S" first="Samuel" last="Asfaha">Samuel Asfaha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westphalen, C Benedikt" sort="Westphalen, C Benedikt" uniqKey="Westphalen C" first="C. Benedikt" last="Westphalen">C. Benedikt Westphalen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Trevor" sort="Graham, Trevor" uniqKey="Graham T" first="Trevor" last="Graham">Trevor Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Guangchun" sort="Jin, Guangchun" uniqKey="Jin G" first="Guangchun" last="Jin">Guangchun Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagar, Karan" sort="Nagar, Karan" uniqKey="Nagar K" first="Karan" last="Nagar">Karan Nagar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hongshan" sort="Wang, Hongshan" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hongshan" last="Wang">Hongshan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kheirbek, Mazen A" sort="Kheirbek, Mazen A" uniqKey="Kheirbek M" first="Mazen A." last="Kheirbek">Mazen A. Kheirbek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolhe, Alka" sort="Kolhe, Alka" uniqKey="Kolhe A" first="Alka" last="Kolhe">Alka Kolhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Jared" sort="Carpenter, Jared" uniqKey="Carpenter J" first="Jared" last="Carpenter">Jared Carpenter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glaire, Mark" sort="Glaire, Mark" uniqKey="Glaire M" first="Mark" last="Glaire">Mark Glaire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Abhinav" sort="Nair, Abhinav" uniqKey="Nair A" first="Abhinav" last="Nair">Abhinav Nair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renders, Simon" sort="Renders, Simon" uniqKey="Renders S" first="Simon" last="Renders">Simon Renders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manieri, Nicholas" sort="Manieri, Nicholas" uniqKey="Manieri N" first="Nicholas" last="Manieri">Nicholas Manieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" sort="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" uniqKey="Muthupalani S" first="Sureshkumar" last="Muthupalani">Sureshkumar Muthupalani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, James G" sort="Fox, James G" uniqKey="Fox J" first="James G." last="Fox">James G. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichert, Maximilian" sort="Reichert, Maximilian" uniqKey="Reichert M" first="Maximilian" last="Reichert">Maximilian Reichert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud, Andrew S" sort="Giraud, Andrew S" uniqKey="Giraud A" first="Andrew S." last="Giraud">Andrew S. Giraud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, Robert F" sort="Schwabe, Robert F" uniqKey="Schwabe R" first="Robert F." last="Schwabe">Robert F. Schwabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" sort="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" uniqKey="Pradere J" first="Jean-Phillipe" last="Pradere">Jean-Phillipe Pradere</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walton, Katherine" sort="Walton, Katherine" uniqKey="Walton K" first="Katherine" last="Walton">Katherine Walton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gumucio, Deborah" sort="Gumucio, Deborah" uniqKey="Gumucio D" first="Deborah" last="Gumucio">Deborah Gumucio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rustgi, Anil K" sort="Rustgi, Anil K" uniqKey="Rustgi A" first="Anil K." last="Rustgi">Anil K. Rustgi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" sort="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" uniqKey="Stappenbeck T" first="Thaddeus S." last="Stappenbeck">Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Richard A" sort="Friedman, Richard A" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Richard A." last="Friedman">Richard A. Friedman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershon, Michael D" sort="Gershon, Michael D" uniqKey="Gershon M" first="Michael D." last="Gershon">Michael D. Gershon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Peter" sort="Sims, Peter" uniqKey="Sims P" first="Peter" last="Sims">Peter Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grikscheit, Tracy" sort="Grikscheit, Tracy" uniqKey="Grikscheit T" first="Tracy" last="Grikscheit">Tracy Grikscheit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Francis Y" sort="Lee, Francis Y" uniqKey="Lee F" first="Francis Y." last="Lee">Francis Y. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karsenty, Gerard" sort="Karsenty, Gerard" uniqKey="Karsenty G" first="Gerard" last="Karsenty">Gerard Karsenty</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" sort="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Siddhartha" last="Mukherjee">Siddhartha Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Timothy C" sort="Wang, Timothy C" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Timothy C." last="Wang">Timothy C. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell</title><idno type="ISSN">0092-8674</idno><idno type="eISSN">1097-4172</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, although the existence of these cells has not been proven through fate-mapping experiments. We demonstrate here that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin 1 defines a population of osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells in the bone marrow. OCR stem cells self-renew and generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and reticular marrow stromal cells, but not adipocytes. OCR stem cells are concentrated within the metaphysis of long bones not in the perisinusoidal space and are needed for bone development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. <italic>Grem1</italic> expression also identifies intestinal reticular stem cells (iRSCs) that are cells of origin for the periepithelial intestinal mesenchymal sheath. <italic>Grem1</italic> expression identifies distinct connective tissue stem cells in both the bone (OCR stem cells) and the intestine (iRSCs).</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0413066</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2830</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cell</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cell</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Cell</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0092-8674</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1097-4172</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25594183</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4436082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS645538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Gremlin 1 Identifies a Skeletal Stem Cell with Bone, Cartilage, and Reticular Stromal Potential</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Worthley</surname><given-names>Daniel L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Churchill</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Compton</surname><given-names>Jocelyn T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tailor</surname><given-names>Yagnesh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>Meenakshi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Si</surname><given-names>Yiling</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname><given-names>Matthew G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uygur</surname><given-names>Aysu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayakawa</surname><given-names>Yoku</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gross</surname><given-names>Stefanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renz</surname><given-names>Bernhard W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Setlik</surname><given-names>Wanda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez</surname><given-names>Ashley N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Xiaowei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nizami</surname><given-names>Saqib</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Heon Goo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>H. Paco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caldwell</surname><given-names>Jon-Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asfaha</surname><given-names>Samuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Westphalen</surname><given-names>C. Benedikt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>Trevor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Guangchun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagar</surname><given-names>Karan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Hongshan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kheirbek</surname><given-names>Mazen A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kolhe</surname><given-names>Alka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carpenter</surname><given-names>Jared</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glaire</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nair</surname><given-names>Abhinav</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renders</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manieri</surname><given-names>Nicholas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muthupalani</surname><given-names>Sureshkumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fox</surname><given-names>James G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reichert</surname><given-names>Maximilian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giraud</surname><given-names>Andrew S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwabe</surname><given-names>Robert F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pradere</surname><given-names>Jean-Phillipe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walton</surname><given-names>Katherine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prakash</surname><given-names>Ajay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gumucio</surname><given-names>Deborah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rustgi</surname><given-names>Anil K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stappenbeck</surname><given-names>Thaddeus S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friedman</surname><given-names>Richard A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gershon</surname><given-names>Michael D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sims</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grikscheit</surname><given-names>Tracy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Francis Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karsenty</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mukherjee</surname><given-names>Siddhartha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">21</xref><xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Timothy C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">21</xref><xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>sm3252@columbia.edu</email> (S.M.), <email>tcw21@columbia.edu</email> (T.C.W.)</corresp><fn id="FN2"><label>21</label><p>Co-senior authors</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>160</volume><issue>0</issue><fpage>269</fpage><lpage>284</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, although the existence of these cells has not been proven through fate-mapping experiments. We demonstrate here that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin 1 defines a population of osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells in the bone marrow. OCR stem cells self-renew and generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and reticular marrow stromal cells, but not adipocytes. OCR stem cells are concentrated within the metaphysis of long bones not in the perisinusoidal space and are needed for bone development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. <italic>Grem1</italic> expression also identifies intestinal reticular stem cells (iRSCs) that are cells of origin for the periepithelial intestinal mesenchymal sheath. <italic>Grem1</italic> expression identifies distinct connective tissue stem cells in both the bone (OCR stem cells) and the intestine (iRSCs).</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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