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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry</title><author><name sortKey="Joron, Mathieu" sort="Joron, Mathieu" uniqKey="Joron M" first="Mathieu" last="Joron">Mathieu Joron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Postbus 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frezal, Lise" sort="Frezal, Lise" uniqKey="Frezal L" first="Lise" last="Frezal">Lise Frezal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Robert T" sort="Jones, Robert T" uniqKey="Jones R" first="Robert T." last="Jones">Robert T. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chamberlain, Nicola L" sort="Chamberlain, Nicola L" uniqKey="Chamberlain N" first="Nicola L." last="Chamberlain">Nicola L. Chamberlain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Siu F" sort="Lee, Siu F" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Siu F." last="Lee">Siu F. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haag, Christoph R" sort="Haag, Christoph R" uniqKey="Haag C" first="Christoph R." last="Haag">Christoph R. Haag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whibley, Annabel" sort="Whibley, Annabel" uniqKey="Whibley A" first="Annabel" last="Whibley">Annabel Whibley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becuwe, Michel" sort="Becuwe, Michel" uniqKey="Becuwe M" first="Michel" last="Becuwe">Michel Becuwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baxter, Simon W" sort="Baxter, Simon W" uniqKey="Baxter S" first="Simon W." last="Baxter">Simon W. Baxter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Laura" sort="Ferguson, Laura" uniqKey="Ferguson L" first="Laura" last="Ferguson">Laura Ferguson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Paul A" sort="Wilkinson, Paul A" uniqKey="Wilkinson P" first="Paul A." last="Wilkinson">Paul A. Wilkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salazar, Camilo" sort="Salazar, Camilo" uniqKey="Salazar C" first="Camilo" last="Salazar">Camilo Salazar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, NAOS island, Causeway Amador, Panamá, República de Panamá.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davidson, Claire" sort="Davidson, Claire" uniqKey="Davidson C" first="Claire" last="Davidson">Claire Davidson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Richard" sort="Clark, Richard" uniqKey="Clark R" first="Richard" last="Clark">Richard Clark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quail, Michael A" sort="Quail, Michael A" uniqKey="Quail M" first="Michael A." last="Quail">Michael A. Quail</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beasley, Helen" sort="Beasley, Helen" uniqKey="Beasley H" first="Helen" last="Beasley">Helen Beasley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glithero, Rebecca" sort="Glithero, Rebecca" uniqKey="Glithero R" first="Rebecca" last="Glithero">Rebecca Glithero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd, Christine" sort="Lloyd, Christine" uniqKey="Lloyd C" first="Christine" last="Lloyd">Christine Lloyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Sarah" sort="Sims, Sarah" uniqKey="Sims S" first="Sarah" last="Sims">Sarah Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Matthew C" sort="Jones, Matthew C" uniqKey="Jones M" first="Matthew C." last="Jones">Matthew C. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rogers, Jane" sort="Rogers, Jane" uniqKey="Rogers J" first="Jane" last="Rogers">Jane Rogers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiggins, Chris D" sort="Jiggins, Chris D" uniqKey="Jiggins C" first="Chris D." last="Jiggins">Chris D. Jiggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" sort="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" uniqKey="Ffrench Constant R" first="Richard H." last="Ffrench-Constant">Richard H. Ffrench-Constant</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21841803</idno><idno type="pmc">3717454</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3717454</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3717454</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature10341</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D30</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D30</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry</title><author><name sortKey="Joron, Mathieu" sort="Joron, Mathieu" uniqKey="Joron M" first="Mathieu" last="Joron">Mathieu Joron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Postbus 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frezal, Lise" sort="Frezal, Lise" uniqKey="Frezal L" first="Lise" last="Frezal">Lise Frezal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Robert T" sort="Jones, Robert T" uniqKey="Jones R" first="Robert T." last="Jones">Robert T. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chamberlain, Nicola L" sort="Chamberlain, Nicola L" uniqKey="Chamberlain N" first="Nicola L." last="Chamberlain">Nicola L. Chamberlain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Siu F" sort="Lee, Siu F" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Siu F." last="Lee">Siu F. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haag, Christoph R" sort="Haag, Christoph R" uniqKey="Haag C" first="Christoph R." last="Haag">Christoph R. Haag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whibley, Annabel" sort="Whibley, Annabel" uniqKey="Whibley A" first="Annabel" last="Whibley">Annabel Whibley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becuwe, Michel" sort="Becuwe, Michel" uniqKey="Becuwe M" first="Michel" last="Becuwe">Michel Becuwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baxter, Simon W" sort="Baxter, Simon W" uniqKey="Baxter S" first="Simon W." last="Baxter">Simon W. Baxter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Laura" sort="Ferguson, Laura" uniqKey="Ferguson L" first="Laura" last="Ferguson">Laura Ferguson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Paul A" sort="Wilkinson, Paul A" uniqKey="Wilkinson P" first="Paul A." last="Wilkinson">Paul A. Wilkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salazar, Camilo" sort="Salazar, Camilo" uniqKey="Salazar C" first="Camilo" last="Salazar">Camilo Salazar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, NAOS island, Causeway Amador, Panamá, República de Panamá.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davidson, Claire" sort="Davidson, Claire" uniqKey="Davidson C" first="Claire" last="Davidson">Claire Davidson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Richard" sort="Clark, Richard" uniqKey="Clark R" first="Richard" last="Clark">Richard Clark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quail, Michael A" sort="Quail, Michael A" uniqKey="Quail M" first="Michael A." last="Quail">Michael A. Quail</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beasley, Helen" sort="Beasley, Helen" uniqKey="Beasley H" first="Helen" last="Beasley">Helen Beasley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glithero, Rebecca" sort="Glithero, Rebecca" uniqKey="Glithero R" first="Rebecca" last="Glithero">Rebecca Glithero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd, Christine" sort="Lloyd, Christine" uniqKey="Lloyd C" first="Christine" last="Lloyd">Christine Lloyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Sarah" sort="Sims, Sarah" uniqKey="Sims S" first="Sarah" last="Sims">Sarah Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Matthew C" sort="Jones, Matthew C" uniqKey="Jones M" first="Matthew C." last="Jones">Matthew C. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rogers, Jane" sort="Rogers, Jane" uniqKey="Rogers J" first="Jane" last="Rogers">Jane Rogers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiggins, Chris D" sort="Jiggins, Chris D" uniqKey="Jiggins C" first="Chris D." last="Jiggins">Chris D. Jiggins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" sort="Ffrench Constant, Richard H" uniqKey="Ffrench Constant R" first="Richard H." last="Ffrench-Constant">Richard H. Ffrench-Constant</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Supergenes are tight clusters of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup>. Polymorphic supergenes, in which specific combinations of traits are maintained within a single population, were first described for ‘pin’ and ‘thrum’ floral types in <italic>Primula</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> and <italic>Fagopyrum</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>, but classic examples are also found in insect mimicry<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref></sup> and snail morphology<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref></sup>. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that generate these co-adapted gene sets, as well as the mode of limiting the production of unfit recombinant forms, remains a substantial challenge<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref></sup>. Here we show that individual wing-pattern morphs in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly <italic>Heliconius numata</italic> are associated with different genomic rearrangements at the supergene locus <italic>P</italic>. These rearrangements tighten the genetic linkage between at least two colour-pattern loci that are known to recombine in closely related species<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref></sup>, with complete suppression of recombination being observed in experimental crosses across a 400-kilobase interval containing at least 18 genes. In natural populations, notable patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are observed across the entire <italic>P</italic> region. The resulting divergent haplotype clades and inversion breakpoints are found in complete association with wing-pattern morphs. Our results indicate that allelic combinations at known wing-patterning loci have become locked together in a polymorphic rearrangement at the <italic>P</italic>locus, forming a supergene that acts as a simple switch between complex adaptive phenotypes found in sympatry. These findings highlight how genomic rearrangements can have a central role in the coexistence of adaptive phenotypes involving several genes acting in concert, by locally limiting recombination and gene flow.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0410462</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6011</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nature</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nature</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-0836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-4687</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21841803</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3717454</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nature10341</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">EMS52362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joron</surname><given-names>Mathieu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frezal</surname><given-names>Lise</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>Robert T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chamberlain</surname><given-names>Nicola L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Siu F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haag</surname><given-names>Christoph R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Whibley</surname><given-names>Annabel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Becuwe</surname><given-names>Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baxter</surname><given-names>Simon W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferguson</surname><given-names>Laura</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilkinson</surname><given-names>Paul A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salazar</surname><given-names>Camilo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davidson</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clark</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Quail</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beasley</surname><given-names>Helen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glithero</surname><given-names>Rebecca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lloyd</surname><given-names>Christine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sims</surname><given-names>Sarah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>Matthew C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rogers</surname><given-names>Jane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jiggins</surname><given-names>Chris D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ffrench-Constant</surname><given-names>Richard H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Postbus 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, NAOS island, Causeway Amador, Panamá, República de Panamá.</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.J. (<email>joron@mnhn.fr</email>).</corresp><fn fn-type="equal" id="FN1"><label>*</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>5</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>477</volume><issue>7363</issue><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><abstract><p id="P2">Supergenes are tight clusters of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup>. Polymorphic supergenes, in which specific combinations of traits are maintained within a single population, were first described for ‘pin’ and ‘thrum’ floral types in <italic>Primula</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref></sup> and <italic>Fagopyrum</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref></sup>, but classic examples are also found in insect mimicry<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref></sup> and snail morphology<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref></sup>. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that generate these co-adapted gene sets, as well as the mode of limiting the production of unfit recombinant forms, remains a substantial challenge<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref></sup>. Here we show that individual wing-pattern morphs in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly <italic>Heliconius numata</italic> are associated with different genomic rearrangements at the supergene locus <italic>P</italic>. These rearrangements tighten the genetic linkage between at least two colour-pattern loci that are known to recombine in closely related species<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref></sup>, with complete suppression of recombination being observed in experimental crosses across a 400-kilobase interval containing at least 18 genes. In natural populations, notable patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are observed across the entire <italic>P</italic> region. The resulting divergent haplotype clades and inversion breakpoints are found in complete association with wing-pattern morphs. Our results indicate that allelic combinations at known wing-patterning loci have become locked together in a polymorphic rearrangement at the <italic>P</italic>locus, forming a supergene that acts as a simple switch between complex adaptive phenotypes found in sympatry. These findings highlight how genomic rearrangements can have a central role in the coexistence of adaptive phenotypes involving several genes acting in concert, by locally limiting recombination and gene flow.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United Kingdom">Wellcome Trust : </funding-source><award-id>098051 || WT</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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