An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia
Identifieur interne : 001D15 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001D14; suivant : 001D16An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia
Auteurs : Morten Rasmussen ; Xiaosen Guo ; Yong Wang ; Kirk E. Lohmueller ; Simon Rasmussen ; Anders Albrechtsen ; Line Skotte ; Stinus Lindgreen ; Mait Metspalu ; Thibaut Jombart ; Toomas Kivisild ; Weiwei Zhai ; Anders Eriksson ; Andrea Manica ; Ludovic Orlando ; Francisco M. De La Vega ; Silvana Tridico ; Ene Metspalu ; Kasper Nielsen ; María C. Ávila-Arcos ; J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar ; Craig Muller ; Joe Dortch ; M. Thomas P. Gilbert ; Ole Lund ; Agata Wesolowska ; Monika Karmin ; Lucy A. Weinert ; Bo Wang ; Jun Li ; Shuaishuai Tai ; Fei Xiao ; Tsunehiko Hanihara ; George Van Driem ; Aashish R. Jha ; François-Xavier Ricaut ; Peter De Knijff ; Andrea B. Migliano ; Irene Gallego Romero ; Karsten Kristiansen ; David M. Lambert ; S Ren Brunak ; Peter Forster ; Bernd Brinkmann ; Olaf Nehlich ; Michael Bunce ; Michael Richards ; Ramneek Gupta ; Carlos D. Bustamante ; Anders Krogh ; Robert A. Foley ; Marta M. Lahr ; Francois Balloux ; Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén ; Richard Villems ; Rasmus Nielsen ; Jun Wang ; Eske WillerslevSource :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.
Url:
DOI: 10.1126/science.1211177
PubMed: 21940856
PubMed Central: 3991479
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PMC:3991479Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia</title><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Morten" sort="Rasmussen, Morten" uniqKey="Rasmussen M" first="Morten" last="Rasmussen">Morten Rasmussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yong" sort="Wang, Yong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yong" last="Wang">Yong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohmueller, Kirk E" sort="Lohmueller, Kirk E" uniqKey="Lohmueller K" first="Kirk E." last="Lohmueller">Kirk E. Lohmueller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Simon" sort="Rasmussen, Simon" uniqKey="Rasmussen S" first="Simon" last="Rasmussen">Simon Rasmussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrechtsen, Anders" sort="Albrechtsen, Anders" uniqKey="Albrechtsen A" first="Anders" last="Albrechtsen">Anders Albrechtsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skotte, Line" sort="Skotte, Line" uniqKey="Skotte L" first="Line" last="Skotte">Line Skotte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgreen, Stinus" sort="Lindgreen, Stinus" uniqKey="Lindgreen S" first="Stinus" last="Lindgreen">Stinus Lindgreen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jombart, Thibaut" sort="Jombart, Thibaut" uniqKey="Jombart T" first="Thibaut" last="Jombart">Thibaut Jombart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Weiwei" sort="Zhai, Weiwei" uniqKey="Zhai W" first="Weiwei" last="Zhai">Weiwei Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Vega, Francisco M" sort="De La Vega, Francisco M" uniqKey="De La Vega F" first="Francisco M." last="De La Vega">Francisco M. De La Vega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kasper" sort="Nielsen, Kasper" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kasper" last="Nielsen">Kasper Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avila Arcos, Maria C" sort="Avila Arcos, Maria C" uniqKey="Avila Arcos M" first="María C." last="Ávila-Arcos">María C. Ávila-Arcos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno Mayar, J Victor" sort="Moreno Mayar, J Victor" uniqKey="Moreno Mayar J" first="J. Víctor" last="Moreno-Mayar">J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad s/n Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation, 14 Throssell Street, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 6430, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dortch, Joe" sort="Dortch, Joe" uniqKey="Dortch J" first="Joe" last="Dortch">Joe Dortch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Archaeology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Ole" sort="Lund, Ole" uniqKey="Lund O" first="Ole" last="Lund">Ole Lund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wesolowska, Agata" sort="Wesolowska, Agata" uniqKey="Wesolowska A" first="Agata" last="Wesolowska">Agata Wesolowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinert, Lucy A" sort="Weinert, Lucy A" uniqKey="Weinert L" first="Lucy A." last="Weinert">Lucy A. Weinert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Bo" sort="Wang, Bo" uniqKey="Wang B" first="Bo" last="Wang">Bo Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jun" sort="Li, Jun" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jun" last="Li">Jun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, Shuaishuai" sort="Tai, Shuaishuai" uniqKey="Tai S" first="Shuaishuai" last="Tai">Shuaishuai Tai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Fei" sort="Xiao, Fei" uniqKey="Xiao F" first="Fei" last="Xiao">Fei Xiao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanihara, Tsunehiko" sort="Hanihara, Tsunehiko" uniqKey="Hanihara T" first="Tsunehiko" last="Hanihara">Tsunehiko Hanihara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R." last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier)–CNRS UMR 5288, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Knijff, Peter" sort="De Knijff, Peter" uniqKey="De Knijff P" first="Peter" last="De Knijff">Peter De Knijff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Postzone S5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea B" sort="Migliano, Andrea B" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea B" last="Migliano">Andrea B. Migliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Irene Gallego" sort="Romero, Irene Gallego" uniqKey="Romero I" first="Irene Gallego" last="Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David M" sort="Lambert, David M" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David M." last="Lambert">David M. Lambert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forster, Peter" sort="Forster, Peter" uniqKey="Forster P" first="Peter" last="Forster">Peter Forster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brinkmann, Bernd" sort="Brinkmann, Bernd" uniqKey="Brinkmann B" first="Bernd" last="Brinkmann">Bernd Brinkmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nehlich, Olaf" sort="Nehlich, Olaf" uniqKey="Nehlich O" first="Olaf" last="Nehlich">Olaf Nehlich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Michael" sort="Richards, Michael" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael" last="Richards">Michael Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Ramneek" sort="Gupta, Ramneek" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Ramneek" last="Gupta">Ramneek Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Carlos D" sort="Bustamante, Carlos D" uniqKey="Bustamante C" first="Carlos D." last="Bustamante">Carlos D. Bustamante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foley, Robert A" sort="Foley, Robert A" uniqKey="Foley R" first="Robert A." last="Foley">Robert A. Foley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahr, Marta M" sort="Lahr, Marta M" uniqKey="Lahr M" first="Marta M." last="Lahr">Marta M. Lahr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balloux, Francois" sort="Balloux, Francois" uniqKey="Balloux F" first="Francois" last="Balloux">Francois Balloux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Pontén">Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Estonian Academy of Sciences, 6 Kohtu Street, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21940856</idno><idno type="pmc">3991479</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991479</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3991479</idno><idno type="doi">10.1126/science.1211177</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D15</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D15</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia</title><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Morten" sort="Rasmussen, Morten" uniqKey="Rasmussen M" first="Morten" last="Rasmussen">Morten Rasmussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yong" sort="Wang, Yong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yong" last="Wang">Yong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohmueller, Kirk E" sort="Lohmueller, Kirk E" uniqKey="Lohmueller K" first="Kirk E." last="Lohmueller">Kirk E. Lohmueller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Simon" sort="Rasmussen, Simon" uniqKey="Rasmussen S" first="Simon" last="Rasmussen">Simon Rasmussen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrechtsen, Anders" sort="Albrechtsen, Anders" uniqKey="Albrechtsen A" first="Anders" last="Albrechtsen">Anders Albrechtsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skotte, Line" sort="Skotte, Line" uniqKey="Skotte L" first="Line" last="Skotte">Line Skotte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgreen, Stinus" sort="Lindgreen, Stinus" uniqKey="Lindgreen S" first="Stinus" last="Lindgreen">Stinus Lindgreen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jombart, Thibaut" sort="Jombart, Thibaut" uniqKey="Jombart T" first="Thibaut" last="Jombart">Thibaut Jombart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Weiwei" sort="Zhai, Weiwei" uniqKey="Zhai W" first="Weiwei" last="Zhai">Weiwei Zhai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Vega, Francisco M" sort="De La Vega, Francisco M" uniqKey="De La Vega F" first="Francisco M." last="De La Vega">Francisco M. De La Vega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kasper" sort="Nielsen, Kasper" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kasper" last="Nielsen">Kasper Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avila Arcos, Maria C" sort="Avila Arcos, Maria C" uniqKey="Avila Arcos M" first="María C." last="Ávila-Arcos">María C. Ávila-Arcos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno Mayar, J Victor" sort="Moreno Mayar, J Victor" uniqKey="Moreno Mayar J" first="J. Víctor" last="Moreno-Mayar">J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad s/n Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation, 14 Throssell Street, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 6430, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dortch, Joe" sort="Dortch, Joe" uniqKey="Dortch J" first="Joe" last="Dortch">Joe Dortch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Archaeology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Ole" sort="Lund, Ole" uniqKey="Lund O" first="Ole" last="Lund">Ole Lund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wesolowska, Agata" sort="Wesolowska, Agata" uniqKey="Wesolowska A" first="Agata" last="Wesolowska">Agata Wesolowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weinert, Lucy A" sort="Weinert, Lucy A" uniqKey="Weinert L" first="Lucy A." last="Weinert">Lucy A. Weinert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Bo" sort="Wang, Bo" uniqKey="Wang B" first="Bo" last="Wang">Bo Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jun" sort="Li, Jun" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jun" last="Li">Jun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, Shuaishuai" sort="Tai, Shuaishuai" uniqKey="Tai S" first="Shuaishuai" last="Tai">Shuaishuai Tai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Fei" sort="Xiao, Fei" uniqKey="Xiao F" first="Fei" last="Xiao">Fei Xiao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanihara, Tsunehiko" sort="Hanihara, Tsunehiko" uniqKey="Hanihara T" first="Tsunehiko" last="Hanihara">Tsunehiko Hanihara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R." last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier)–CNRS UMR 5288, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Knijff, Peter" sort="De Knijff, Peter" uniqKey="De Knijff P" first="Peter" last="De Knijff">Peter De Knijff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Postzone S5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea B" sort="Migliano, Andrea B" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea B" last="Migliano">Andrea B. Migliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Irene Gallego" sort="Romero, Irene Gallego" uniqKey="Romero I" first="Irene Gallego" last="Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David M" sort="Lambert, David M" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David M." last="Lambert">David M. Lambert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forster, Peter" sort="Forster, Peter" uniqKey="Forster P" first="Peter" last="Forster">Peter Forster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brinkmann, Bernd" sort="Brinkmann, Bernd" uniqKey="Brinkmann B" first="Bernd" last="Brinkmann">Bernd Brinkmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nehlich, Olaf" sort="Nehlich, Olaf" uniqKey="Nehlich O" first="Olaf" last="Nehlich">Olaf Nehlich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Michael" sort="Richards, Michael" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael" last="Richards">Michael Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Ramneek" sort="Gupta, Ramneek" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Ramneek" last="Gupta">Ramneek Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Carlos D" sort="Bustamante, Carlos D" uniqKey="Bustamante C" first="Carlos D." last="Bustamante">Carlos D. Bustamante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foley, Robert A" sort="Foley, Robert A" uniqKey="Foley R" first="Robert A." last="Foley">Robert A. Foley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahr, Marta M" sort="Lahr, Marta M" uniqKey="Lahr M" first="Marta M." last="Lahr">Marta M. Lahr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balloux, Francois" sort="Balloux, Francois" uniqKey="Balloux F" first="Francois" last="Balloux">Francois Balloux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Pontén">Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Estonian Academy of Sciences, 6 Kohtu Street, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0404511</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">7473</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Science</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Science (New York, N.Y.)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0036-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1095-9203</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21940856</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3991479</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1211177</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS467162</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmussen</surname><given-names>Morten</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Xiaosen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lohmueller</surname><given-names>Kirk E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmussen</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albrechtsen</surname><given-names>Anders</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Skotte</surname><given-names>Line</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindgreen</surname><given-names>Stinus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Mait</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jombart</surname><given-names>Thibaut</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kivisild</surname><given-names>Toomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhai</surname><given-names>Weiwei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eriksson</surname><given-names>Anders</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manica</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Orlando</surname><given-names>Ludovic</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De La Vega</surname><given-names>Francisco M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tridico</surname><given-names>Silvana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metspalu</surname><given-names>Ene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nielsen</surname><given-names>Kasper</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ávila-Arcos</surname><given-names>María C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno-Mayar</surname><given-names>J. 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ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villems</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nielsen</surname><given-names>Rasmus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Willerslev</surname><given-names>Eske</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">†</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad s/n Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation, 14 Throssell Street, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 6430, Australia</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Archaeology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier)–CNRS UMR 5288, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Postzone S5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Estonian Academy of Sciences, 6 Kohtu Street, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>†</label>To whom correspondence should be addressed. <email>ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk</email> (E.W.); <email>wangj@genomics.org.cn</email> (W.J.); <email>rasmus_nielsen@berkeley.edu</email> (R.N.)</corresp><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>14</day><month>9</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>9</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>7</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>18</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>334</volume><issue>6052</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1126/science.1211177</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Copyright 2011 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p id="P2">We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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