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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest a Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Yu, Dongmei" sort="Yu, Dongmei" uniqKey="Yu D" first="Dongmei" last="Yu">Dongmei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathews, Carol A" sort="Mathews, Carol A" uniqKey="Mathews C" first="Carol A." last="Mathews">Carol A. Mathews</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharf, Jeremiah M" sort="Scharf, Jeremiah M" uniqKey="Scharf J" first="Jeremiah M." last="Scharf">Jeremiah M. Scharf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neale, Benjamin M" sort="Neale, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Neale B" first="Benjamin M." last="Neale">Benjamin M. Neale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Lea K" sort="Davis, Lea K" uniqKey="Davis L" first="Lea K." last="Davis">Lea K. Davis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gamazon, Eric R" sort="Gamazon, Eric R" uniqKey="Gamazon E" first="Eric R." last="Gamazon">Eric R. Gamazon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derks, Eske M" sort="Derks, Eske M" uniqKey="Derks E" first="Eske M." last="Derks">Eske M. Derks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Patrick" sort="Evans, Patrick" uniqKey="Evans P" first="Patrick" last="Evans">Patrick Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edlund, Christopher K" sort="Edlund, Christopher K" uniqKey="Edlund C" first="Christopher K." last="Edlund">Christopher K. Edlund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crane, Jacquelyn" sort="Crane, Jacquelyn" uniqKey="Crane J" first="Jacquelyn" last="Crane">Jacquelyn Crane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fagerness, Jesen A" sort="Fagerness, Jesen A" uniqKey="Fagerness J" first="Jesen A." last="Fagerness">Jesen A. Fagerness</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osiecki, Lisa" sort="Osiecki, Lisa" uniqKey="Osiecki L" first="Lisa" last="Osiecki">Lisa Osiecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, Patience" sort="Gallagher, Patience" uniqKey="Gallagher P" first="Patience" last="Gallagher">Patience Gallagher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerber, Gloria" sort="Gerber, Gloria" uniqKey="Gerber G" first="Gloria" last="Gerber">Gloria Gerber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Stephen" sort="Haddad, Stephen" uniqKey="Haddad S" first="Stephen" last="Haddad">Stephen Haddad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illmann, Cornelia" sort="Illmann, Cornelia" uniqKey="Illmann C" first="Cornelia" last="Illmann">Cornelia Illmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Lauren M" sort="Mcgrath, Lauren M" uniqKey="Mcgrath L" first="Lauren M." last="Mcgrath">Lauren M. Mcgrath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayerfeld, Catherine" sort="Mayerfeld, Catherine" uniqKey="Mayerfeld C" first="Catherine" last="Mayerfeld">Catherine Mayerfeld</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arepalli, Sampath" sort="Arepalli, Sampath" uniqKey="Arepalli S" first="Sampath" last="Arepalli">Sampath Arepalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlassina, Cristina" sort="Barlassina, Cristina" uniqKey="Barlassina C" first="Cristina" last="Barlassina">Cristina Barlassina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barr, Cathy L" sort="Barr, Cathy L" uniqKey="Barr C" first="Cathy L." last="Barr">Cathy L. Barr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">The Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellodi, Laura" sort="Bellodi, Laura" uniqKey="Bellodi L" first="Laura" last="Bellodi">Laura Bellodi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benarroch, Fortu" sort="Benarroch, Fortu" uniqKey="Benarroch F" first="Fortu" last="Benarroch">Fortu Benarroch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berri, Gabriel Bedoya" sort="Berri, Gabriel Bedoya" uniqKey="Berri G" first="Gabriel Bedoya" last="Berri">Gabriel Bedoya Berri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bienvenu, O Joseph" sort="Bienvenu, O Joseph" uniqKey="Bienvenu O" first="O. Joseph" last="Bienvenu">O. Joseph Bienvenu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Donald" sort="Black, Donald" uniqKey="Black D" first="Donald" last="Black">Donald Black</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloch, Michael H" sort="Bloch, Michael H" uniqKey="Bloch M" first="Michael H." last="Bloch">Michael H. Bloch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brentani, Helena" sort="Brentani, Helena" uniqKey="Brentani H" first="Helena" last="Brentani">Helena Brentani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruun, Ruth D" sort="Bruun, Ruth D" uniqKey="Bruun R" first="Ruth D." last="Bruun">Ruth D. Bruun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budman, Cathy L" sort="Budman, Cathy L" uniqKey="Budman C" first="Cathy L." last="Budman">Cathy L. Budman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camarena, Beatriz" sort="Camarena, Beatriz" uniqKey="Camarena B" first="Beatriz" last="Camarena">Beatriz Camarena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Desmond D" sort="Campbell, Desmond D" uniqKey="Campbell D" first="Desmond D." last="Campbell">Desmond D. Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappi, Carolina" sort="Cappi, Carolina" uniqKey="Cappi C" first="Carolina" last="Cappi">Carolina Cappi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona Silgado, Julio C" sort="Cardona Silgado, Julio C" uniqKey="Cardona Silgado J" first="Julio C." last="Cardona Silgado">Julio C. Cardona Silgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavallini, Maria C" sort="Cavallini, Maria C" uniqKey="Cavallini M" first="Maria C." last="Cavallini">Maria C. Cavallini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chavira, Denise A" sort="Chavira, Denise A" uniqKey="Chavira D" first="Denise A." last="Chavira">Denise A. Chavira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chouinard, Sylvain" sort="Chouinard, Sylvain" uniqKey="Chouinard S" first="Sylvain" last="Chouinard">Sylvain Chouinard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Edwin H" sort="Cook, Edwin H" uniqKey="Cook E" first="Edwin H." last="Cook">Edwin H. Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cookson, M R" sort="Cookson, M R" uniqKey="Cookson M" first="M. R." last="Cookson">M. R. Cookson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coric, Vladimir" sort="Coric, Vladimir" uniqKey="Coric V" first="Vladimir" last="Coric">Vladimir Coric</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, Bernadette" sort="Cullen, Bernadette" uniqKey="Cullen B" first="Bernadette" last="Cullen">Bernadette Cullen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delorme, Richard" sort="Delorme, Richard" uniqKey="Delorme R" first="Richard" last="Delorme">Richard Delorme</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Foundation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denys, Damiaan" sort="Denys, Damiaan" uniqKey="Denys D" first="Damiaan" last="Denys">Damiaan Denys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dion, Yves" sort="Dion, Yves" uniqKey="Dion Y" first="Yves" last="Dion">Yves Dion</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eapen, Valsama" sort="Eapen, Valsama" uniqKey="Eapen V" first="Valsama" last="Eapen">Valsama Eapen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South West Sydney LHD (AUCS), Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egberts, Karin" sort="Egberts, Karin" uniqKey="Egberts K" first="Karin" last="Egberts">Karin Egberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falkai, Peter" sort="Falkai, Peter" uniqKey="Falkai P" first="Peter" last="Falkai">Peter Falkai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, Thomas" sort="Fernandez, Thomas" uniqKey="Fernandez T" first="Thomas" last="Fernandez">Thomas Fernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Eduardo" sort="Fournier, Eduardo" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Eduardo" last="Fournier">Eduardo Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrido, Helena" sort="Garrido, Helena" uniqKey="Garrido H" first="Helena" last="Garrido">Helena Garrido</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinica Herrera Amighetti, Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Daniel" sort="Geller, Daniel" uniqKey="Geller D" first="Daniel" last="Geller">Daniel Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Donald" sort="Gilbert, Donald" uniqKey="Gilbert D" first="Donald" last="Gilbert">Donald Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, Simon L" sort="Girard, Simon L" uniqKey="Girard S" first="Simon L." last="Girard">Simon L. Girard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grabe, Hans J" sort="Grabe, Hans J" uniqKey="Grabe H" first="Hans J." last="Grabe">Hans J. Grabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios-Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grados, Marco A" sort="Grados, Marco A" uniqKey="Grados M" first="Marco A." last="Grados">Marco A. Grados</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Benjamin D" sort="Greenberg, Benjamin D" uniqKey="Greenberg B" first="Benjamin D." last="Greenberg">Benjamin D. Greenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross Tsur, Varda" sort="Gross Tsur, Varda" uniqKey="Gross Tsur V" first="Varda" last="Gross-Tsur">Varda Gross-Tsur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grunblatt, Edna" sort="Grunblatt, Edna" uniqKey="Grunblatt E" first="Edna" last="Grünblatt">Edna Grünblatt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardy, John" sort="Hardy, John" uniqKey="Hardy J" first="John" last="Hardy">John Hardy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heiman, Gary A" sort="Heiman, Gary A" uniqKey="Heiman G" first="Gary A." last="Heiman">Gary A. Heiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemmings, Sian M J" sort="Hemmings, Sian M J" uniqKey="Hemmings S" first="Sian M. J." last="Hemmings">Sian M. J. Hemmings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, Luis D" sort="Herrera, Luis D" uniqKey="Herrera L" first="Luis D." last="Herrera">Luis D. Herrera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hezel, Dianne M" sort="Hezel, Dianne M" uniqKey="Hezel D" first="Dianne M." last="Hezel">Dianne M. Hezel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoekstra, Pieter J" sort="Hoekstra, Pieter J" uniqKey="Hoekstra P" first="Pieter J." last="Hoekstra">Pieter J. Hoekstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, James L" sort="Kennedy, James L" uniqKey="Kennedy J" first="James L." last="Kennedy">James L. Kennedy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Robert A" sort="King, Robert A" uniqKey="King R" first="Robert A." last="King">Robert A. King</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konkashbaev, Anuar I" sort="Konkashbaev, Anuar I" uniqKey="Konkashbaev A" first="Anuar I." last="Konkashbaev">Anuar I. Konkashbaev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremeyer, Barbara" sort="Kremeyer, Barbara" uniqKey="Kremeyer B" first="Barbara" last="Kremeyer">Barbara Kremeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurlan, Roger" sort="Kurlan, Roger" uniqKey="Kurlan R" first="Roger" last="Kurlan">Roger Kurlan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, Summit, NJ, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzagorta, Nuria" sort="Lanzagorta, Nuria" uniqKey="Lanzagorta N" first="Nuria" last="Lanzagorta">Nuria Lanzagorta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leboyer, Marion" sort="Leboyer, Marion" uniqKey="Leboyer M" first="Marion" last="Leboyer">Marion Leboyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Psychiatric Genetics, Créteil, F 94000, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Foundation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leckman, James F" sort="Leckman, James F" uniqKey="Leckman J" first="James F." last="Leckman">James F. Leckman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lennertz, Leonhard" sort="Lennertz, Leonhard" uniqKey="Lennertz L" first="Leonhard" last="Lennertz">Leonhard Lennertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Chunyu" sort="Liu, Chunyu" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chunyu" last="Liu">Chunyu Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lochner, Christine" sort="Lochner, Christine" uniqKey="Lochner C" first="Christine" last="Lochner">Christine Lochner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lowe, Thomas L" sort="Lowe, Thomas L" uniqKey="Lowe T" first="Thomas L." last="Lowe">Thomas L. Lowe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lupoli, Sara" sort="Lupoli, Sara" uniqKey="Lupoli S" first="Sara" last="Lupoli">Sara Lupoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macciardi, Fabio" sort="Macciardi, Fabio" uniqKey="Macciardi F" first="Fabio" last="Macciardi">Fabio Macciardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maier, Wolfgang" sort="Maier, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Maier W" first="Wolfgang" last="Maier">Wolfgang Maier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manunta, Paolo" sort="Manunta, Paolo" uniqKey="Manunta P" first="Paolo" last="Manunta">Paolo Manunta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute - Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marconi, Maurizio" sort="Marconi, Maurizio" uniqKey="Marconi M" first="Maurizio" last="Marconi">Maurizio Marconi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Center of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccracken, James T" sort="Mccracken, James T" uniqKey="Mccracken J" first="James T." last="Mccracken">James T. Mccracken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mesa Restrepo, Sandra C" sort="Mesa Restrepo, Sandra C" uniqKey="Mesa Restrepo S" first="Sandra C." last="Mesa Restrepo">Sandra C. Mesa Restrepo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moessner, Rainald" sort="Moessner, Rainald" uniqKey="Moessner R" first="Rainald" last="Moessner">Rainald Moessner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moorjani, Priya" sort="Moorjani, Priya" uniqKey="Moorjani P" first="Priya" last="Moorjani">Priya Moorjani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Jubel" sort="Morgan, Jubel" uniqKey="Morgan J" first="Jubel" last="Morgan">Jubel Morgan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Heike" sort="Muller, Heike" uniqKey="Muller H" first="Heike" last="Muller">Heike Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Dennis L" sort="Murphy, Dennis L" uniqKey="Murphy D" first="Dennis L." last="Murphy">Dennis L. Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naarden, Allan L" sort="Naarden, Allan L" uniqKey="Naarden A" first="Allan L." last="Naarden">Allan L. Naarden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Clinical Research, Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ochoa, William Cornejo" sort="Ochoa, William Cornejo" uniqKey="Ochoa W" first="William Cornejo" last="Ochoa">William Cornejo Ochoa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ophoff, Roel A" sort="Ophoff, Roel A" uniqKey="Ophoff R" first="Roel A." last="Ophoff">Roel A. Ophoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakstis, Andrew J" sort="Pakstis, Andrew J" uniqKey="Pakstis A" first="Andrew J." last="Pakstis">Andrew J. Pakstis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pato, Michele T" sort="Pato, Michele T" uniqKey="Pato M" first="Michele T." last="Pato">Michele T. Pato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pato, Carlos N" sort="Pato, Carlos N" uniqKey="Pato C" first="Carlos N." last="Pato">Carlos N. Pato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, John" sort="Piacentini, John" uniqKey="Piacentini J" first="John" last="Piacentini">John Piacentini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pittenger, Christopher" sort="Pittenger, Christopher" uniqKey="Pittenger C" first="Christopher" last="Pittenger">Christopher Pittenger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollak, Yehuda" sort="Pollak, Yehuda" uniqKey="Pollak Y" first="Yehuda" last="Pollak">Yehuda Pollak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauch, Scott L" sort="Rauch, Scott L" uniqKey="Rauch S" first="Scott L." last="Rauch">Scott L. Rauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Partners Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, Tobias" sort="Renner, Tobias" uniqKey="Renner T" first="Tobias" last="Renner">Tobias Renner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reus, Victor I" sort="Reus, Victor I" uniqKey="Reus V" first="Victor I." last="Reus">Victor I. Reus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richter, Margaret A" sort="Richter, Margaret A" uniqKey="Richter M" first="Margaret A." last="Richter">Margaret A. Richter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riddle, Mark A" sort="Riddle, Mark A" uniqKey="Riddle M" first="Mark A." last="Riddle">Mark A. Riddle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Mary M" sort="Robertson, Mary M" uniqKey="Robertson M" first="Mary M." last="Robertson">Mary M. Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">St George’s Hospital and Medical School, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Roxana" sort="Romero, Roxana" uniqKey="Romero R" first="Roxana" last="Romero">Roxana Romero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosario, Maria C" sort="Rosario, Maria C" uniqKey="Rosario M" first="Maria C." last="Rosário">Maria C. Rosário</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, David" sort="Rosenberg, David" uniqKey="Rosenberg D" first="David" last="Rosenberg">David Rosenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruhrmann, Stephan" sort="Ruhrmann, Stephan" uniqKey="Ruhrmann S" first="Stephan" last="Ruhrmann">Stephan Ruhrmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabatti, Chiara" sort="Sabatti, Chiara" uniqKey="Sabatti C" first="Chiara" last="Sabatti">Chiara Sabatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salvi, Erika" sort="Salvi, Erika" uniqKey="Salvi E" first="Erika" last="Salvi">Erika Salvi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Aline S" sort="Sampaio, Aline S" uniqKey="Sampaio A" first="Aline S." last="Sampaio">Aline S. Sampaio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">University Health Care Services - SMURB, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samuels, Jack" sort="Samuels, Jack" uniqKey="Samuels J" first="Jack" last="Samuels">Jack Samuels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandor, Paul" sort="Sandor, Paul" uniqKey="Sandor P" first="Paul" last="Sandor">Paul Sandor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto Western Research Institute and Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Service, Susan K" sort="Service, Susan K" uniqKey="Service S" first="Susan K." last="Service">Susan K. Service</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Brooke" sort="Sheppard, Brooke" uniqKey="Sheppard B" first="Brooke" last="Sheppard">Brooke Sheppard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, Harvey S" sort="Singer, Harvey S" uniqKey="Singer H" first="Harvey S." last="Singer">Harvey S. Singer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Jan H" sort="Smit, Jan H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Jan H." last="Smit">Jan H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J." last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strengman, Eric" sort="Strengman, Eric" uniqKey="Strengman E" first="Eric" last="Strengman">Eric Strengman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tischfield, Jay A" sort="Tischfield, Jay A" uniqKey="Tischfield J" first="Jay A." last="Tischfield">Jay A. Tischfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turiel, Maurizio" sort="Turiel, Maurizio" uniqKey="Turiel M" first="Maurizio" last="Turiel">Maurizio Turiel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Health Technologies, University of Milano, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valencia Duarte, Ana V" sort="Valencia Duarte, Ana V" uniqKey="Valencia Duarte A" first="Ana V." last="Valencia Duarte">Ana V. Valencia Duarte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallada, Homero" sort="Vallada, Homero" uniqKey="Vallada H" first="Homero" last="Vallada">Homero Vallada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veenstra Vanderweele, Jeremy" sort="Veenstra Vanderweele, Jeremy" uniqKey="Veenstra Vanderweele J" first="Jeremy" last="Veenstra-Vanderweele">Jeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walitza, Susanne" sort="Walitza, Susanne" uniqKey="Walitza S" first="Susanne" last="Walitza">Susanne Walitza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walkup, John" sort="Walkup, John" uniqKey="Walkup J" first="John" last="Walkup">John Walkup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ying" sort="Wang, Ying" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ying" last="Wang">Ying Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weale, Mike" sort="Weale, Mike" uniqKey="Weale M" first="Mike" last="Weale">Mike Weale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Robert" sort="Weiss, Robert" uniqKey="Weiss R" first="Robert" last="Weiss">Robert Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wendland, Jens R" sort="Wendland, Jens R" uniqKey="Wendland J" first="Jens R." last="Wendland">Jens R. Wendland</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westenberg, Herman G M" sort="Westenberg, Herman G M" uniqKey="Westenberg H" first="Herman G. M." last="Westenberg">Herman G. M. Westenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Yin" sort="Yao, Yin" uniqKey="Yao Y" first="Yin" last="Yao">Yin Yao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Unit on Statistical Genomics, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hounie, Ana G" sort="Hounie, Ana G" uniqKey="Hounie A" first="Ana G." last="Hounie">Ana G. Hounie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Euripedes C" sort="Miguel, Euripedes C" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Euripedes C." last="Miguel">Euripedes C. Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolini, Humberto" sort="Nicolini, Humberto" uniqKey="Nicolini H" first="Humberto" last="Nicolini">Humberto Nicolini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">National Institute of Genomic Medicine-SAP, Carracci Medical Group</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Michael" sort="Wagner, Michael" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Michael" last="Wagner">Michael Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cath, Danielle C" sort="Cath, Danielle C" uniqKey="Cath D" first="Danielle C." last="Cath">Danielle C. Cath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, William" sort="Mcmahon, William" uniqKey="Mcmahon W" first="William" last="Mcmahon">William Mcmahon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posthuma, Danielle" sort="Posthuma, Danielle" uniqKey="Posthuma D" first="Danielle" last="Posthuma">Danielle Posthuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 8, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nestadt, Gerald" sort="Nestadt, Gerald" uniqKey="Nestadt G" first="Gerald" last="Nestadt">Gerald Nestadt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rouleau, Guy A" sort="Rouleau, Guy A" uniqKey="Rouleau G" first="Guy A." last="Rouleau">Guy A. Rouleau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purcell, Shaun" sort="Purcell, Shaun" uniqKey="Purcell S" first="Shaun" last="Purcell">Shaun Purcell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenike, Michael A" sort="Jenike, Michael A" uniqKey="Jenike M" first="Michael A." last="Jenike">Michael A. Jenike</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heutink, Peter" sort="Heutink, Peter" uniqKey="Heutink P" first="Peter" last="Heutink">Peter Heutink</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanna, Gregory L" sort="Hanna, Gregory L" uniqKey="Hanna G" first="Gregory L." last="Hanna">Gregory L. Hanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conti, David V" sort="Conti, David V" uniqKey="Conti D" first="David V." last="Conti">David V. Conti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, Paul D" sort="Arnold, Paul D" uniqKey="Arnold P" first="Paul D." last="Arnold">Paul D. Arnold</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freimer, Nelson" sort="Freimer, Nelson" uniqKey="Freimer N" first="Nelson" last="Freimer">Nelson Freimer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, S Evelyn" sort="Stewart, S Evelyn" uniqKey="Stewart S" first="S. Evelyn" last="Stewart">S. Evelyn Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knowles, James A" sort="Knowles, James A" uniqKey="Knowles J" first="James A." last="Knowles">James A. Knowles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J." last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pauls, David L" sort="Pauls, David L" uniqKey="Pauls D" first="David L." last="Pauls">David L. Pauls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25158072</idno><idno type="pmc">4282594</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282594</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4282594</idno><idno type="doi">10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101306</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C89</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest a Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Yu, Dongmei" sort="Yu, Dongmei" uniqKey="Yu D" first="Dongmei" last="Yu">Dongmei Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathews, Carol A" sort="Mathews, Carol A" uniqKey="Mathews C" first="Carol A." last="Mathews">Carol A. Mathews</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharf, Jeremiah M" sort="Scharf, Jeremiah M" uniqKey="Scharf J" first="Jeremiah M." last="Scharf">Jeremiah M. Scharf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neale, Benjamin M" sort="Neale, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Neale B" first="Benjamin M." last="Neale">Benjamin M. Neale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Lea K" sort="Davis, Lea K" uniqKey="Davis L" first="Lea K." last="Davis">Lea K. Davis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gamazon, Eric R" sort="Gamazon, Eric R" uniqKey="Gamazon E" first="Eric R." last="Gamazon">Eric R. Gamazon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derks, Eske M" sort="Derks, Eske M" uniqKey="Derks E" first="Eske M." last="Derks">Eske M. Derks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Patrick" sort="Evans, Patrick" uniqKey="Evans P" first="Patrick" last="Evans">Patrick Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edlund, Christopher K" sort="Edlund, Christopher K" uniqKey="Edlund C" first="Christopher K." last="Edlund">Christopher K. Edlund</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crane, Jacquelyn" sort="Crane, Jacquelyn" uniqKey="Crane J" first="Jacquelyn" last="Crane">Jacquelyn Crane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fagerness, Jesen A" sort="Fagerness, Jesen A" uniqKey="Fagerness J" first="Jesen A." last="Fagerness">Jesen A. Fagerness</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osiecki, Lisa" sort="Osiecki, Lisa" uniqKey="Osiecki L" first="Lisa" last="Osiecki">Lisa Osiecki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, Patience" sort="Gallagher, Patience" uniqKey="Gallagher P" first="Patience" last="Gallagher">Patience Gallagher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerber, Gloria" sort="Gerber, Gloria" uniqKey="Gerber G" first="Gloria" last="Gerber">Gloria Gerber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Stephen" sort="Haddad, Stephen" uniqKey="Haddad S" first="Stephen" last="Haddad">Stephen Haddad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Illmann, Cornelia" sort="Illmann, Cornelia" uniqKey="Illmann C" first="Cornelia" last="Illmann">Cornelia Illmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Lauren M" sort="Mcgrath, Lauren M" uniqKey="Mcgrath L" first="Lauren M." last="Mcgrath">Lauren M. Mcgrath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayerfeld, Catherine" sort="Mayerfeld, Catherine" uniqKey="Mayerfeld C" first="Catherine" last="Mayerfeld">Catherine Mayerfeld</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arepalli, Sampath" sort="Arepalli, Sampath" uniqKey="Arepalli S" first="Sampath" last="Arepalli">Sampath Arepalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barlassina, Cristina" sort="Barlassina, Cristina" uniqKey="Barlassina C" first="Cristina" last="Barlassina">Cristina Barlassina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barr, Cathy L" sort="Barr, Cathy L" uniqKey="Barr C" first="Cathy L." last="Barr">Cathy L. Barr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">The Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellodi, Laura" sort="Bellodi, Laura" uniqKey="Bellodi L" first="Laura" last="Bellodi">Laura Bellodi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benarroch, Fortu" sort="Benarroch, Fortu" uniqKey="Benarroch F" first="Fortu" last="Benarroch">Fortu Benarroch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berri, Gabriel Bedoya" sort="Berri, Gabriel Bedoya" uniqKey="Berri G" first="Gabriel Bedoya" last="Berri">Gabriel Bedoya Berri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bienvenu, O Joseph" sort="Bienvenu, O Joseph" uniqKey="Bienvenu O" first="O. Joseph" last="Bienvenu">O. Joseph Bienvenu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Donald" sort="Black, Donald" uniqKey="Black D" first="Donald" last="Black">Donald Black</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloch, Michael H" sort="Bloch, Michael H" uniqKey="Bloch M" first="Michael H." last="Bloch">Michael H. Bloch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brentani, Helena" sort="Brentani, Helena" uniqKey="Brentani H" first="Helena" last="Brentani">Helena Brentani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruun, Ruth D" sort="Bruun, Ruth D" uniqKey="Bruun R" first="Ruth D." last="Bruun">Ruth D. Bruun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budman, Cathy L" sort="Budman, Cathy L" uniqKey="Budman C" first="Cathy L." last="Budman">Cathy L. Budman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camarena, Beatriz" sort="Camarena, Beatriz" uniqKey="Camarena B" first="Beatriz" last="Camarena">Beatriz Camarena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Desmond D" sort="Campbell, Desmond D" uniqKey="Campbell D" first="Desmond D." last="Campbell">Desmond D. Campbell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cappi, Carolina" sort="Cappi, Carolina" uniqKey="Cappi C" first="Carolina" last="Cappi">Carolina Cappi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona Silgado, Julio C" sort="Cardona Silgado, Julio C" uniqKey="Cardona Silgado J" first="Julio C." last="Cardona Silgado">Julio C. Cardona Silgado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavallini, Maria C" sort="Cavallini, Maria C" uniqKey="Cavallini M" first="Maria C." last="Cavallini">Maria C. Cavallini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chavira, Denise A" sort="Chavira, Denise A" uniqKey="Chavira D" first="Denise A." last="Chavira">Denise A. Chavira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chouinard, Sylvain" sort="Chouinard, Sylvain" uniqKey="Chouinard S" first="Sylvain" last="Chouinard">Sylvain Chouinard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Edwin H" sort="Cook, Edwin H" uniqKey="Cook E" first="Edwin H." last="Cook">Edwin H. Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cookson, M R" sort="Cookson, M R" uniqKey="Cookson M" first="M. R." last="Cookson">M. R. Cookson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coric, Vladimir" sort="Coric, Vladimir" uniqKey="Coric V" first="Vladimir" last="Coric">Vladimir Coric</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, Bernadette" sort="Cullen, Bernadette" uniqKey="Cullen B" first="Bernadette" last="Cullen">Bernadette Cullen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delorme, Richard" sort="Delorme, Richard" uniqKey="Delorme R" first="Richard" last="Delorme">Richard Delorme</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Foundation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denys, Damiaan" sort="Denys, Damiaan" uniqKey="Denys D" first="Damiaan" last="Denys">Damiaan Denys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dion, Yves" sort="Dion, Yves" uniqKey="Dion Y" first="Yves" last="Dion">Yves Dion</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eapen, Valsama" sort="Eapen, Valsama" uniqKey="Eapen V" first="Valsama" last="Eapen">Valsama Eapen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South West Sydney LHD (AUCS), Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egberts, Karin" sort="Egberts, Karin" uniqKey="Egberts K" first="Karin" last="Egberts">Karin Egberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falkai, Peter" sort="Falkai, Peter" uniqKey="Falkai P" first="Peter" last="Falkai">Peter Falkai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, Thomas" sort="Fernandez, Thomas" uniqKey="Fernandez T" first="Thomas" last="Fernandez">Thomas Fernandez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Eduardo" sort="Fournier, Eduardo" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Eduardo" last="Fournier">Eduardo Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrido, Helena" sort="Garrido, Helena" uniqKey="Garrido H" first="Helena" last="Garrido">Helena Garrido</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Clinica Herrera Amighetti, Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geller, Daniel" sort="Geller, Daniel" uniqKey="Geller D" first="Daniel" last="Geller">Daniel Geller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Donald" sort="Gilbert, Donald" uniqKey="Gilbert D" first="Donald" last="Gilbert">Donald Gilbert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, Simon L" sort="Girard, Simon L" uniqKey="Girard S" first="Simon L." last="Girard">Simon L. Girard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grabe, Hans J" sort="Grabe, Hans J" uniqKey="Grabe H" first="Hans J." last="Grabe">Hans J. Grabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios-Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grados, Marco A" sort="Grados, Marco A" uniqKey="Grados M" first="Marco A." last="Grados">Marco A. Grados</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Benjamin D" sort="Greenberg, Benjamin D" uniqKey="Greenberg B" first="Benjamin D." last="Greenberg">Benjamin D. Greenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross Tsur, Varda" sort="Gross Tsur, Varda" uniqKey="Gross Tsur V" first="Varda" last="Gross-Tsur">Varda Gross-Tsur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grunblatt, Edna" sort="Grunblatt, Edna" uniqKey="Grunblatt E" first="Edna" last="Grünblatt">Edna Grünblatt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardy, John" sort="Hardy, John" uniqKey="Hardy J" first="John" last="Hardy">John Hardy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heiman, Gary A" sort="Heiman, Gary A" uniqKey="Heiman G" first="Gary A." last="Heiman">Gary A. Heiman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemmings, Sian M J" sort="Hemmings, Sian M J" uniqKey="Hemmings S" first="Sian M. J." last="Hemmings">Sian M. J. Hemmings</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, Luis D" sort="Herrera, Luis D" uniqKey="Herrera L" first="Luis D." last="Herrera">Luis D. Herrera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hezel, Dianne M" sort="Hezel, Dianne M" uniqKey="Hezel D" first="Dianne M." last="Hezel">Dianne M. Hezel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoekstra, Pieter J" sort="Hoekstra, Pieter J" uniqKey="Hoekstra P" first="Pieter J." last="Hoekstra">Pieter J. Hoekstra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, James L" sort="Kennedy, James L" uniqKey="Kennedy J" first="James L." last="Kennedy">James L. Kennedy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Robert A" sort="King, Robert A" uniqKey="King R" first="Robert A." last="King">Robert A. King</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konkashbaev, Anuar I" sort="Konkashbaev, Anuar I" uniqKey="Konkashbaev A" first="Anuar I." last="Konkashbaev">Anuar I. Konkashbaev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kremeyer, Barbara" sort="Kremeyer, Barbara" uniqKey="Kremeyer B" first="Barbara" last="Kremeyer">Barbara Kremeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurlan, Roger" sort="Kurlan, Roger" uniqKey="Kurlan R" first="Roger" last="Kurlan">Roger Kurlan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, Summit, NJ, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzagorta, Nuria" sort="Lanzagorta, Nuria" uniqKey="Lanzagorta N" first="Nuria" last="Lanzagorta">Nuria Lanzagorta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leboyer, Marion" sort="Leboyer, Marion" uniqKey="Leboyer M" first="Marion" last="Leboyer">Marion Leboyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Psychiatric Genetics, Créteil, F 94000, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Foundation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leckman, James F" sort="Leckman, James F" uniqKey="Leckman J" first="James F." last="Leckman">James F. Leckman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lennertz, Leonhard" sort="Lennertz, Leonhard" uniqKey="Lennertz L" first="Leonhard" last="Lennertz">Leonhard Lennertz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Chunyu" sort="Liu, Chunyu" uniqKey="Liu C" first="Chunyu" last="Liu">Chunyu Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lochner, Christine" sort="Lochner, Christine" uniqKey="Lochner C" first="Christine" last="Lochner">Christine Lochner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lowe, Thomas L" sort="Lowe, Thomas L" uniqKey="Lowe T" first="Thomas L." last="Lowe">Thomas L. Lowe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lupoli, Sara" sort="Lupoli, Sara" uniqKey="Lupoli S" first="Sara" last="Lupoli">Sara Lupoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macciardi, Fabio" sort="Macciardi, Fabio" uniqKey="Macciardi F" first="Fabio" last="Macciardi">Fabio Macciardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maier, Wolfgang" sort="Maier, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Maier W" first="Wolfgang" last="Maier">Wolfgang Maier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manunta, Paolo" sort="Manunta, Paolo" uniqKey="Manunta P" first="Paolo" last="Manunta">Paolo Manunta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute - Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marconi, Maurizio" sort="Marconi, Maurizio" uniqKey="Marconi M" first="Maurizio" last="Marconi">Maurizio Marconi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Center of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccracken, James T" sort="Mccracken, James T" uniqKey="Mccracken J" first="James T." last="Mccracken">James T. Mccracken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mesa Restrepo, Sandra C" sort="Mesa Restrepo, Sandra C" uniqKey="Mesa Restrepo S" first="Sandra C." last="Mesa Restrepo">Sandra C. Mesa Restrepo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moessner, Rainald" sort="Moessner, Rainald" uniqKey="Moessner R" first="Rainald" last="Moessner">Rainald Moessner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moorjani, Priya" sort="Moorjani, Priya" uniqKey="Moorjani P" first="Priya" last="Moorjani">Priya Moorjani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Jubel" sort="Morgan, Jubel" uniqKey="Morgan J" first="Jubel" last="Morgan">Jubel Morgan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Heike" sort="Muller, Heike" uniqKey="Muller H" first="Heike" last="Muller">Heike Muller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Dennis L" sort="Murphy, Dennis L" uniqKey="Murphy D" first="Dennis L." last="Murphy">Dennis L. Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naarden, Allan L" sort="Naarden, Allan L" uniqKey="Naarden A" first="Allan L." last="Naarden">Allan L. Naarden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Clinical Research, Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ochoa, William Cornejo" sort="Ochoa, William Cornejo" uniqKey="Ochoa W" first="William Cornejo" last="Ochoa">William Cornejo Ochoa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ophoff, Roel A" sort="Ophoff, Roel A" uniqKey="Ophoff R" first="Roel A." last="Ophoff">Roel A. Ophoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakstis, Andrew J" sort="Pakstis, Andrew J" uniqKey="Pakstis A" first="Andrew J." last="Pakstis">Andrew J. Pakstis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pato, Michele T" sort="Pato, Michele T" uniqKey="Pato M" first="Michele T." last="Pato">Michele T. Pato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pato, Carlos N" sort="Pato, Carlos N" uniqKey="Pato C" first="Carlos N." last="Pato">Carlos N. Pato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, John" sort="Piacentini, John" uniqKey="Piacentini J" first="John" last="Piacentini">John Piacentini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, California, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pittenger, Christopher" sort="Pittenger, Christopher" uniqKey="Pittenger C" first="Christopher" last="Pittenger">Christopher Pittenger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollak, Yehuda" sort="Pollak, Yehuda" uniqKey="Pollak Y" first="Yehuda" last="Pollak">Yehuda Pollak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rauch, Scott L" sort="Rauch, Scott L" uniqKey="Rauch S" first="Scott L." last="Rauch">Scott L. Rauch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Partners Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, Tobias" sort="Renner, Tobias" uniqKey="Renner T" first="Tobias" last="Renner">Tobias Renner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reus, Victor I" sort="Reus, Victor I" uniqKey="Reus V" first="Victor I." last="Reus">Victor I. Reus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richter, Margaret A" sort="Richter, Margaret A" uniqKey="Richter M" first="Margaret A." last="Richter">Margaret A. Richter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riddle, Mark A" sort="Riddle, Mark A" uniqKey="Riddle M" first="Mark A." last="Riddle">Mark A. Riddle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Mary M" sort="Robertson, Mary M" uniqKey="Robertson M" first="Mary M." last="Robertson">Mary M. Robertson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">St George’s Hospital and Medical School, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Roxana" sort="Romero, Roxana" uniqKey="Romero R" first="Roxana" last="Romero">Roxana Romero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosario, Maria C" sort="Rosario, Maria C" uniqKey="Rosario M" first="Maria C." last="Rosário">Maria C. Rosário</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, David" sort="Rosenberg, David" uniqKey="Rosenberg D" first="David" last="Rosenberg">David Rosenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruhrmann, Stephan" sort="Ruhrmann, Stephan" uniqKey="Ruhrmann S" first="Stephan" last="Ruhrmann">Stephan Ruhrmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabatti, Chiara" sort="Sabatti, Chiara" uniqKey="Sabatti C" first="Chiara" last="Sabatti">Chiara Sabatti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salvi, Erika" sort="Salvi, Erika" uniqKey="Salvi E" first="Erika" last="Salvi">Erika Salvi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Aline S" sort="Sampaio, Aline S" uniqKey="Sampaio A" first="Aline S." last="Sampaio">Aline S. Sampaio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">University Health Care Services - SMURB, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samuels, Jack" sort="Samuels, Jack" uniqKey="Samuels J" first="Jack" last="Samuels">Jack Samuels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandor, Paul" sort="Sandor, Paul" uniqKey="Sandor P" first="Paul" last="Sandor">Paul Sandor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto Western Research Institute and Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Service, Susan K" sort="Service, Susan K" uniqKey="Service S" first="Susan K." last="Service">Susan K. Service</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Brooke" sort="Sheppard, Brooke" uniqKey="Sheppard B" first="Brooke" last="Sheppard">Brooke Sheppard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, Harvey S" sort="Singer, Harvey S" uniqKey="Singer H" first="Harvey S." last="Singer">Harvey S. Singer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smit, Jan H" sort="Smit, Jan H" uniqKey="Smit J" first="Jan H." last="Smit">Jan H. Smit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J." last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strengman, Eric" sort="Strengman, Eric" uniqKey="Strengman E" first="Eric" last="Strengman">Eric Strengman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tischfield, Jay A" sort="Tischfield, Jay A" uniqKey="Tischfield J" first="Jay A." last="Tischfield">Jay A. Tischfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turiel, Maurizio" sort="Turiel, Maurizio" uniqKey="Turiel M" first="Maurizio" last="Turiel">Maurizio Turiel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Health Technologies, University of Milano, Milano, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valencia Duarte, Ana V" sort="Valencia Duarte, Ana V" uniqKey="Valencia Duarte A" first="Ana V." last="Valencia Duarte">Ana V. Valencia Duarte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallada, Homero" sort="Vallada, Homero" uniqKey="Vallada H" first="Homero" last="Vallada">Homero Vallada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veenstra Vanderweele, Jeremy" sort="Veenstra Vanderweele, Jeremy" uniqKey="Veenstra Vanderweele J" first="Jeremy" last="Veenstra-Vanderweele">Jeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walitza, Susanne" sort="Walitza, Susanne" uniqKey="Walitza S" first="Susanne" last="Walitza">Susanne Walitza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walkup, John" sort="Walkup, John" uniqKey="Walkup J" first="John" last="Walkup">John Walkup</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ying" sort="Wang, Ying" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ying" last="Wang">Ying Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weale, Mike" sort="Weale, Mike" uniqKey="Weale M" first="Mike" last="Weale">Mike Weale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Robert" sort="Weiss, Robert" uniqKey="Weiss R" first="Robert" last="Weiss">Robert Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wendland, Jens R" sort="Wendland, Jens R" uniqKey="Wendland J" first="Jens R." last="Wendland">Jens R. Wendland</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westenberg, Herman G M" sort="Westenberg, Herman G M" uniqKey="Westenberg H" first="Herman G. M." last="Westenberg">Herman G. M. Westenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Yin" sort="Yao, Yin" uniqKey="Yao Y" first="Yin" last="Yao">Yin Yao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Unit on Statistical Genomics, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hounie, Ana G" sort="Hounie, Ana G" uniqKey="Hounie A" first="Ana G." last="Hounie">Ana G. Hounie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Euripedes C" sort="Miguel, Euripedes C" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Euripedes C." last="Miguel">Euripedes C. Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolini, Humberto" sort="Nicolini, Humberto" uniqKey="Nicolini H" first="Humberto" last="Nicolini">Humberto Nicolini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">National Institute of Genomic Medicine-SAP, Carracci Medical Group</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Michael" sort="Wagner, Michael" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Michael" last="Wagner">Michael Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cath, Danielle C" sort="Cath, Danielle C" uniqKey="Cath D" first="Danielle C." last="Cath">Danielle C. Cath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A98">Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, William" sort="Mcmahon, William" uniqKey="Mcmahon W" first="William" last="Mcmahon">William Mcmahon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A99">Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posthuma, Danielle" sort="Posthuma, Danielle" uniqKey="Posthuma D" first="Danielle" last="Posthuma">Danielle Posthuma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A101">Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A102">Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 8, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oostra, Ben A" sort="Oostra, Ben A" uniqKey="Oostra B" first="Ben A." last="Oostra">Ben A. Oostra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A103">Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nestadt, Gerald" sort="Nestadt, Gerald" uniqKey="Nestadt G" first="Gerald" last="Nestadt">Gerald Nestadt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rouleau, Guy A" sort="Rouleau, Guy A" uniqKey="Rouleau G" first="Guy A." last="Rouleau">Guy A. Rouleau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purcell, Shaun" sort="Purcell, Shaun" uniqKey="Purcell S" first="Shaun" last="Purcell">Shaun Purcell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A104">Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenike, Michael A" sort="Jenike, Michael A" uniqKey="Jenike M" first="Michael A." last="Jenike">Michael A. Jenike</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heutink, Peter" sort="Heutink, Peter" uniqKey="Heutink P" first="Peter" last="Heutink">Peter Heutink</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A105">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A100">Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanna, Gregory L" sort="Hanna, Gregory L" uniqKey="Hanna G" first="Gregory L." last="Hanna">Gregory L. Hanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A106">Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conti, David V" sort="Conti, David V" uniqKey="Conti D" first="David V." last="Conti">David V. Conti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, Paul D" sort="Arnold, Paul D" uniqKey="Arnold P" first="Paul D." last="Arnold">Paul D. Arnold</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A107">Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freimer, Nelson" sort="Freimer, Nelson" uniqKey="Freimer N" first="Nelson" last="Freimer">Nelson Freimer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, S Evelyn" sort="Stewart, S Evelyn" uniqKey="Stewart S" first="S. Evelyn" last="Stewart">S. Evelyn Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A108">British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knowles, James A" sort="Knowles, James A" uniqKey="Knowles J" first="James A." last="Knowles">James A. Knowles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J." last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pauls, David L" sort="Pauls, David L" uniqKey="Pauls D" first="David L." last="Pauls">David L. Pauls</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The American journal of psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-953X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1535-7228</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders that are thought to share genetic risk factors. However, the identification of definitive susceptibility genes for these etiologically complex disorders remains elusive. Here, we report a combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TS and OCD in 2723 cases (1310 with OCD, 834 with TS, 579 with OCD plus TS/chronic tics (CT)), 5667 ancestry-matched controls, and 290 OCD parent-child trios. Although no individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) achieved genome-wide significance, the GWAS signals were enriched for SNPs strongly associated with variations in brain gene expression levels, i.e. expression quantitative loci (eQTLs), suggesting the presence of true functional variants that contribute to risk of these disorders. Polygenic score analyses identified a significant polygenic component for OCD (p=2×10<sup>−4</sup>), predicting 3.2% of the phenotypic variance in an independent data set. In contrast, TS had a smaller, non-significant polygenic component, predicting only 0.6% of the phenotypic variance (p=0.06). No significant polygenic signal was detected across the two disorders, although the sample is likely underpowered to detect a modest shared signal. Furthermore, the OCD polygenic signal was significantly attenuated when cases with both OCD and TS/CT were included in the analysis (p=0.01). Previous work has shown that TS and OCD have some degree of shared genetic variation. However, the data from this study suggest that there are also distinct components to the genetic architectures of TS and OCD. Furthermore, OCD with co-occurring TS/CT may have different underlying genetic susceptibility compared to OCD alone.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0370512</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">457</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am J Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The American journal of psychiatry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0002-953X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1535-7228</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25158072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4282594</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101306</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS624346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest a Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>King</surname><given-names>Robert A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Konkashbaev</surname><given-names>Anuar I.</given-names></name><degrees>MS</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kremeyer</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kurlan</surname><given-names>Roger</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lanzagorta</surname><given-names>Nuria</given-names></name><degrees>PsyD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A59">59</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leboyer</surname><given-names>Marion</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A60">60</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leckman</surname><given-names>James F.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lennertz</surname><given-names>Leonhard</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Chunyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A62">62</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lochner</surname><given-names>Christine</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A63">63</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lowe</surname><given-names>Thomas L.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lupoli</surname><given-names>Sara</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Macciardi</surname><given-names>Fabio</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A64">64</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maier</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manunta</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marconi</surname><given-names>Maurizio</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A66">66</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCracken</surname><given-names>James T.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A67">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mesa Restrepo</surname><given-names>Sandra C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moessner</surname><given-names>Rainald</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moorjani</surname><given-names>Priya</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A68">68</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morgan</surname><given-names>Jubel</given-names></name><degrees>RN</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A69">69</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muller</surname><given-names>Heike</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>Dennis L.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A70">70</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naarden</surname><given-names>Allan L.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A71">71</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ochoa</surname><given-names>William Cornejo</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ophoff</surname><given-names>Roel A.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A72">72</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A73">73</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pakstis</surname><given-names>Andrew J.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pato</surname><given-names>Michele T.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pato</surname><given-names>Carlos N.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piacentini</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><degrees>PhD, ABPP</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A67">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pittenger</surname><given-names>Christopher</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pollak</surname><given-names>Yehuda</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rauch</surname><given-names>Scott L.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A76">76</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renner</surname><given-names>Tobias</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reus</surname><given-names>Victor I.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richter</surname><given-names>Margaret A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riddle</surname><given-names>Mark A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Robertson</surname><given-names>Mary M.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, DSc(Med)</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A78">78</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romero</surname><given-names>Roxana</given-names></name><degrees>MA</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rosário</surname><given-names>Maria C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A79">79</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rosenberg</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A80">80</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruhrmann</surname><given-names>Stephan</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A81">81</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sabatti</surname><given-names>Chiara</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A82">82</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salvi</surname><given-names>Erika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sampaio</surname><given-names>Aline S.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A83">83</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Samuels</surname><given-names>Jack</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sandor</surname><given-names>Paul</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A85">85</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Service</surname><given-names>Susan K.</given-names></name><degrees>MS</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A73">73</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sheppard</surname><given-names>Brooke</given-names></name><degrees>ScM</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singer</surname><given-names>Harvey S.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A86">86</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smit</surname><given-names>Jan H.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A87">87</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>Dan J.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A88">88</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strengman</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A89">89</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tischfield</surname><given-names>Jay A.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turiel</surname><given-names>Maurizio</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A90">90</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valencia Duarte</surname><given-names>Ana V.</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vallada</surname><given-names>Homero</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Veenstra-VanderWeele</surname><given-names>Jeremy</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A91">91</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walitza</surname><given-names>Susanne</given-names><prefix>Prof.</prefix></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A92">92</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walkup</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A93">93</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Ying</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weale</surname><given-names>Mike</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weiss</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A69">69</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wendland</surname><given-names>Jens R.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A70">70</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Westenberg</surname><given-names>Herman G.M.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A95">95</xref><xref rid="FN3" ref-type="author-notes">∞</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Yin</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A96">96</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hounie</surname><given-names>Ana G.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miguel</surname><given-names>Euripedes C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nicolini</surname><given-names>Humberto</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A97">97</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ruiz-Linares</surname><given-names>Andres</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cath</surname><given-names>Danielle C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A87">87</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A98">98</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McMahon</surname><given-names>William</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A99">99</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Posthuma</surname><given-names>Danielle</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A100">100</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A101">101</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A102">102</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oostra</surname><given-names>Ben A.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A103">103</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nestadt</surname><given-names>Gerald</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rouleau</surname><given-names>Guy A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A33">33</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Purcell</surname><given-names>Shaun</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A104">104</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jenike</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heutink</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A105">105</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A100">100</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hanna</surname><given-names>Gregory L.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A106">106</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Conti</surname><given-names>David V.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arnold</surname><given-names>Paul D.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A107">107</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freimer</surname><given-names>Nelson</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A73">73</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>S. Evelyn</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A108">108</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knowles</surname><given-names>James A.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname><given-names>Nancy J.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pauls</surname><given-names>David L.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">#</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Genomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Filarete Foundation, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>The Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>University College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Foundation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, France</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South West Sydney LHD (AUCS), Australia</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Clinica Herrera Amighetti, Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios-Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, Summit, NJ, USA</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Psychiatric Genetics, Créteil, F 94000, France</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), California, USA</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute - Chair of Nephrology, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Center of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, California, USA</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Department of Clinical Research, Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Partners Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>St George’s Hospital and Medical School, London, UK</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>University Health Care Services - SMURB, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto Western Research Institute and Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Health Technologies, University of Milano, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Germany</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, UK</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Unit on Statistical Genomics, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>National Institute of Genomic Medicine-SAP, Carracci Medical Group</aff><aff id="A98"><label>98</label>Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A99"><label>99</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</aff><aff id="A100"><label>100</label>Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A101"><label>101</label>Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A102"><label>102</label>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 8, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A103"><label>103</label>Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A104"><label>104</label>Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A105"><label>105</label>German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany</aff><aff id="A106"><label>106</label>Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff><aff id="A107"><label>107</label>Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A108"><label>108</label>British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>#</label>Co-corresponding authors: Dongmei Yu, MS & David L. Pauls, Ph.D., Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, 6<sup>th</sup> Floor, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114</corresp><fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="FN3"><label>∞</label><p>Deceased</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>17</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>172</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101306</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders that are thought to share genetic risk factors. However, the identification of definitive susceptibility genes for these etiologically complex disorders remains elusive. Here, we report a combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TS and OCD in 2723 cases (1310 with OCD, 834 with TS, 579 with OCD plus TS/chronic tics (CT)), 5667 ancestry-matched controls, and 290 OCD parent-child trios. Although no individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) achieved genome-wide significance, the GWAS signals were enriched for SNPs strongly associated with variations in brain gene expression levels, i.e. expression quantitative loci (eQTLs), suggesting the presence of true functional variants that contribute to risk of these disorders. Polygenic score analyses identified a significant polygenic component for OCD (p=2×10<sup>−4</sup>), predicting 3.2% of the phenotypic variance in an independent data set. In contrast, TS had a smaller, non-significant polygenic component, predicting only 0.6% of the phenotypic variance (p=0.06). No significant polygenic signal was detected across the two disorders, although the sample is likely underpowered to detect a modest shared signal. Furthermore, the OCD polygenic signal was significantly attenuated when cases with both OCD and TS/CT were included in the analysis (p=0.01). Previous work has shown that TS and OCD have some degree of shared genetic variation. However, the data from this study suggest that there are also distinct components to the genetic architectures of TS and OCD. Furthermore, OCD with co-occurring TS/CT may have different underlying genetic susceptibility compared to OCD alone.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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