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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose in current-, ex-, and non-smokers: a meta-analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Soulimane, Soraya" sort="Soulimane, Soraya" uniqKey="Soulimane S" first="Soraya" last="Soulimane">Soraya Soulimane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simon, Dominique" sort="Simon, Dominique" uniqKey="Simon D" first="Dominique" last="Simon">Dominique Simon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpetrière, Diabetes Department, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herman, William H" sort="Herman, William H" uniqKey="Herman W" first="William H" last="Herman">William H. Herman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lange, Celine" sort="Lange, Celine" uniqKey="Lange C" first="Celine" last="Lange">Celine Lange</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Crystal My" sort="Lee, Crystal My" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Crystal My" last="Lee">Crystal My Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colagiuri, Stephen" sort="Colagiuri, Stephen" uniqKey="Colagiuri S" first="Stephen" last="Colagiuri">Stephen Colagiuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Jonathan E" sort="Shaw, Jonathan E" uniqKey="Shaw J" first="Jonathan E" last="Shaw">Jonathan E. Shaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmet, Paul Z" sort="Zimmet, Paul Z" uniqKey="Zimmet P" first="Paul Z" last="Zimmet">Paul Z. Zimmet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magliano, Dianna" sort="Magliano, Dianna" uniqKey="Magliano D" first="Dianna" last="Magliano">Dianna Magliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Sandra Rs" sort="Ferreira, Sandra Rs" uniqKey="Ferreira S" first="Sandra Rs" last="Ferreira">Sandra Rs Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Yanghu" sort="Dong, Yanghu" uniqKey="Dong Y" first="Yanghu" last="Dong">Yanghu Dong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Lei" sort="Zhang, Lei" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Lei" last="Zhang">Lei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorgensen, Torben" sort="Jorgensen, Torben" uniqKey="Jorgensen T" first="Torben" last="Jorgensen">Torben Jorgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capitol Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Danube University Krems, Krems Austria,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Center for Vascular Prevention Red RECAVA Grupo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohan, Viswanathan" sort="Mohan, Viswanathan" uniqKey="Mohan V" first="Viswanathan" last="Mohan">Viswanathan Mohan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Dr.Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Chennai, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Dirk L" sort="Christensen, Dirk L" uniqKey="Christensen D" first="Dirk L" last="Christensen">Dirk L. Christensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Unit of International Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaduka, Lydia" sort="Kaduka, Lydia" uniqKey="Kaduka L" first="Lydia" last="Kaduka">Lydia Kaduka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Centre for Public Health Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dekker, Jacqueline M" sort="Dekker, Jacqueline M" uniqKey="Dekker J" first="Jacqueline M" last="Dekker">Jacqueline M. Dekker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nijpels, Giel" sort="Nijpels, Giel" uniqKey="Nijpels G" first="Giel" last="Nijpels">Giel Nijpels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stehouwer, Coen Da" sort="Stehouwer, Coen Da" uniqKey="Stehouwer C" first="Coen Da" last="Stehouwer">Coen Da Stehouwer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lantieri, Olivier" sort="Lantieri, Olivier" uniqKey="Lantieri O" first="Olivier" last="Lantieri">Olivier Lantieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">IRSA, La Riche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujimoto, Wilfred Y" sort="Fujimoto, Wilfred Y" uniqKey="Fujimoto W" first="Wilfred Y" last="Fujimoto">Wilfred Y. Fujimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leonetti, Donna L" sort="Leonetti, Donna L" uniqKey="Leonetti D" first="Donna L" last="Leonetti">Donna L. Leonetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneely, Marguerite J" sort="Mcneely, Marguerite J" uniqKey="Mcneely M" first="Marguerite J" last="Mcneely">Marguerite J. Mcneely</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borch Johnsen, Knut" sort="Borch Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Borch Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Borch-Johnsen">Knut Borch-Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyko, Edward J" sort="Boyko, Edward J" uniqKey="Boyko E" first="Edward J" last="Boyko">Edward J. Boyko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vistisen, Dorte" sort="Vistisen, Dorte" uniqKey="Vistisen D" first="Dorte" last="Vistisen">Dorte Vistisen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens vej 2-4, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24065153</idno><idno type="pmc">4240946</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240946</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4240946</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s00125-013-3058-y</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C46</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose in current-, ex-, and non-smokers: a meta-analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Soulimane, Soraya" sort="Soulimane, Soraya" uniqKey="Soulimane S" first="Soraya" last="Soulimane">Soraya Soulimane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simon, Dominique" sort="Simon, Dominique" uniqKey="Simon D" first="Dominique" last="Simon">Dominique Simon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpetrière, Diabetes Department, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herman, William H" sort="Herman, William H" uniqKey="Herman W" first="William H" last="Herman">William H. Herman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lange, Celine" sort="Lange, Celine" uniqKey="Lange C" first="Celine" last="Lange">Celine Lange</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Crystal My" sort="Lee, Crystal My" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Crystal My" last="Lee">Crystal My Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colagiuri, Stephen" sort="Colagiuri, Stephen" uniqKey="Colagiuri S" first="Stephen" last="Colagiuri">Stephen Colagiuri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Jonathan E" sort="Shaw, Jonathan E" uniqKey="Shaw J" first="Jonathan E" last="Shaw">Jonathan E. Shaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmet, Paul Z" sort="Zimmet, Paul Z" uniqKey="Zimmet P" first="Paul Z" last="Zimmet">Paul Z. Zimmet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magliano, Dianna" sort="Magliano, Dianna" uniqKey="Magliano D" first="Dianna" last="Magliano">Dianna Magliano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Sandra Rs" sort="Ferreira, Sandra Rs" uniqKey="Ferreira S" first="Sandra Rs" last="Ferreira">Sandra Rs Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Yanghu" sort="Dong, Yanghu" uniqKey="Dong Y" first="Yanghu" last="Dong">Yanghu Dong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Lei" sort="Zhang, Lei" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Lei" last="Zhang">Lei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorgensen, Torben" sort="Jorgensen, Torben" uniqKey="Jorgensen T" first="Torben" last="Jorgensen">Torben Jorgensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capitol Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" sort="Tuomilehto, Jaakko" uniqKey="Tuomilehto J" first="Jaakko" last="Tuomilehto">Jaakko Tuomilehto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Danube University Krems, Krems Austria,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Center for Vascular Prevention Red RECAVA Grupo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohan, Viswanathan" sort="Mohan, Viswanathan" uniqKey="Mohan V" first="Viswanathan" last="Mohan">Viswanathan Mohan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Dr.Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Chennai, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Dirk L" sort="Christensen, Dirk L" uniqKey="Christensen D" first="Dirk L" last="Christensen">Dirk L. Christensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Unit of International Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaduka, Lydia" sort="Kaduka, Lydia" uniqKey="Kaduka L" first="Lydia" last="Kaduka">Lydia Kaduka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Centre for Public Health Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dekker, Jacqueline M" sort="Dekker, Jacqueline M" uniqKey="Dekker J" first="Jacqueline M" last="Dekker">Jacqueline M. Dekker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nijpels, Giel" sort="Nijpels, Giel" uniqKey="Nijpels G" first="Giel" last="Nijpels">Giel Nijpels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stehouwer, Coen Da" sort="Stehouwer, Coen Da" uniqKey="Stehouwer C" first="Coen Da" last="Stehouwer">Coen Da Stehouwer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lantieri, Olivier" sort="Lantieri, Olivier" uniqKey="Lantieri O" first="Olivier" last="Lantieri">Olivier Lantieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">IRSA, La Riche, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujimoto, Wilfred Y" sort="Fujimoto, Wilfred Y" uniqKey="Fujimoto W" first="Wilfred Y" last="Fujimoto">Wilfred Y. Fujimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leonetti, Donna L" sort="Leonetti, Donna L" uniqKey="Leonetti D" first="Donna L" last="Leonetti">Donna L. Leonetti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneely, Marguerite J" sort="Mcneely, Marguerite J" uniqKey="Mcneely M" first="Marguerite J" last="Mcneely">Marguerite J. Mcneely</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borch Johnsen, Knut" sort="Borch Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Borch Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Borch-Johnsen">Knut Borch-Johnsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyko, Edward J" sort="Boyko, Edward J" uniqKey="Boyko E" first="Edward J" last="Boyko">Edward J. Boyko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vistisen, Dorte" sort="Vistisen, Dorte" uniqKey="Vistisen D" first="Dorte" last="Vistisen">Dorte Vistisen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens vej 2-4, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Diabetologia</title><idno type="ISSN">0012-186X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-0428</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Aim</title><p id="P1">The relations between smoking and glycaemic parameters are not well explored. We compare HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2H-PG) in current-, ex- and never-smokers.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">This meta-analysis used individual data from 16 886 men and 18 539 women without known diabetes, in 12 DETECT-2 consortium studies and in the French D.E.S.I.R. and TELECOM studies. Means of the three glycaemic parameters in current-, ex- and never-smokers were modelled by linear regression, with study as a random factor. The <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> statistic evaluated heterogeneity among studies.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">HbA<sub>1c</sub> was 0.10 (95%CI:0.08,0.12) % [1.1 (0.9,1.3) mmol/mol] higher in current-smokers and 0.03 (0.01,0.05) % [0.3 (0.1,0.5) mmol/l] higher in ex-smokers, compared with never-smokers. For FPG, there was no significant difference between current- and never-smokers: −0.004 (−0.03,0.02) mmol/l but FPG was higher in ex-smokers: 0.12 (0.09,0.14) mmol/l. In comparison to never-smokers, 2H-PG was lower: −0.44 (−0.52,−0.37) mmol/l in current-smokers, with no difference for ex-smokers: 0.02 (−0.06,0.09) mmol/l. There was a large and unexplained heterogeneity among studies, with <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> always higher than 50%: after stratification by sex and adjustment for age and BMI, <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> changed little. In this study population, current-smokers had a prevalence of diabetes as screened by HbA<sub>1c</sub>, 1.30% higher and that screened by 2H-PG, 0.52% lower than in comparison to never-smokers.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title><p id="P4">Current-smokers had a higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> and a lower 2H-PG than never-smokers, across this heterogeneous group of studies; this will effect the chances of smokers being diagnosed with diabetes.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0006777</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">3399</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Diabetologia</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Diabetologia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Diabetologia</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0012-186X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1432-0428</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24065153</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4240946</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00125-013-3058-y</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS639438</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose in current-, ex-, and non-smokers: a meta-analysis</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soulimane</surname><given-names>Soraya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simon</surname><given-names>Dominique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Herman</surname><given-names>William H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lange</surname><given-names>Celine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Crystal MY</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colagiuri</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shaw</surname><given-names>Jonathan E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zimmet</surname><given-names>Paul Z</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magliano</surname><given-names>Dianna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>Sandra RS</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>Yanghu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McNeely</surname><given-names>Marguerite J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borch-Johnsen</surname><given-names>Knut</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Edward J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vistisen</surname><given-names>Dorte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balkau</surname><given-names>Beverley</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>DETECT-2 Study Group</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>D.E.S.I.R. Study Group</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney diseases over the lifecourse, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpetrière, Diabetes Department, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capitol Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Danube University Krems, Krems Austria,</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Center for Vascular Prevention Red RECAVA Grupo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Dr.Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Chennai, India</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Unit of International Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Centre for Public Health Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>IRSA, La Riche, France</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens vej 2-4, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Correspondance to: Beverley Balkau, CESP, INSERM U1018, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif cedex, France, Telephone: +33 1 45 59 51 61, FAX: + 33 1 47 26 94 54, <email>beverley.balkau@inserm.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>4</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>9</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1007/s00125-013-3058-y</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Aim</title><p id="P1">The relations between smoking and glycaemic parameters are not well explored. We compare HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2H-PG) in current-, ex- and never-smokers.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">This meta-analysis used individual data from 16 886 men and 18 539 women without known diabetes, in 12 DETECT-2 consortium studies and in the French D.E.S.I.R. and TELECOM studies. Means of the three glycaemic parameters in current-, ex- and never-smokers were modelled by linear regression, with study as a random factor. The <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> statistic evaluated heterogeneity among studies.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">HbA<sub>1c</sub> was 0.10 (95%CI:0.08,0.12) % [1.1 (0.9,1.3) mmol/mol] higher in current-smokers and 0.03 (0.01,0.05) % [0.3 (0.1,0.5) mmol/l] higher in ex-smokers, compared with never-smokers. For FPG, there was no significant difference between current- and never-smokers: −0.004 (−0.03,0.02) mmol/l but FPG was higher in ex-smokers: 0.12 (0.09,0.14) mmol/l. In comparison to never-smokers, 2H-PG was lower: −0.44 (−0.52,−0.37) mmol/l in current-smokers, with no difference for ex-smokers: 0.02 (−0.06,0.09) mmol/l. There was a large and unexplained heterogeneity among studies, with <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> always higher than 50%: after stratification by sex and adjustment for age and BMI, <italic>I<sup>2</sup></italic> changed little. In this study population, current-smokers had a prevalence of diabetes as screened by HbA<sub>1c</sub>, 1.30% higher and that screened by 2H-PG, 0.52% lower than in comparison to never-smokers.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title><p id="P4">Current-smokers had a higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> and a lower 2H-PG than never-smokers, across this heterogeneous group of studies; this will effect the chances of smokers being diagnosed with diabetes.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>HbA<sub>1c</sub></kwd><kwd>FPG</kwd><kwd>2H-PG</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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