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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)</title><author><name sortKey="Brawley, Susan H" sort="Brawley, Susan H" uniqKey="Brawley S" first="Susan H." last="Brawley">Susan H. Brawley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blouin, Nicolas A" sort="Blouin, Nicolas A" uniqKey="Blouin N" first="Nicolas A." last="Blouin">Nicolas A. Blouin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Molecular Biology,<institution>University of Wyoming</institution>, Laramie,<addr-line>WY</addr-line> 82071;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ficko Blean, Elizabeth" sort="Ficko Blean, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Ficko Blean E" first="Elizabeth" last="Ficko-Blean">Elizabeth Ficko-Blean</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Glen L" sort="Wheeler, Glen L" uniqKey="Wheeler G" first="Glen L." last="Wheeler">Glen L. Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</institution>, Plymouth, PL1 2PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohr, Martin" sort="Lohr, Martin" uniqKey="Lohr M" first="Martin" last="Lohr">Martin Lohr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie,<institution>Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</institution>, 55128 Mainz,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodson, Holly V" sort="Goodson, Holly V" uniqKey="Goodson H" first="Holly V." last="Goodson">Holly V. Goodson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,<institution>University of Notre Dame</institution>, South Bend,<addr-line>IN</addr-line> 46556;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Jerry W" sort="Jenkins, Jerry W" uniqKey="Jenkins J" first="Jerry W." last="Jenkins">Jerry W. Jenkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaby Haas, Crysten E" sort="Blaby Haas, Crysten E" uniqKey="Blaby Haas C" first="Crysten E." last="Blaby-Haas">Crysten E. Blaby-Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Biology Department,<institution>Brookhaven National Laboratory</institution>, Upton,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11973;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helliwell, Katherine E" sort="Helliwell, Katherine E" uniqKey="Helliwell K" first="Katherine E." last="Helliwell">Katherine E. Helliwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</institution>, Plymouth, PL1 2PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Cheong Xin" sort="Chan, Cheong Xin" uniqKey="Chan C" first="Cheong Xin" last="Chan">Cheong Xin Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marriage, Tara N" sort="Marriage, Tara N" uniqKey="Marriage T" first="Tara N." last="Marriage">Tara N. Marriage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Biology,<institution>Kansas State University</institution>, Manhattan,<addr-line>KS</addr-line> 66506;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharya, Debashish" sort="Bhattacharya, Debashish" uniqKey="Bhattacharya D" first="Debashish" last="Bhattacharya">Debashish Bhattacharya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources,<institution>Rutgers University</institution>, New Brunswick,<addr-line>NJ</addr-line> 08901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Anita S" sort="Klein, Anita S" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Anita S." last="Klein">Anita S. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of New Hampshire</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NH</addr-line> 03824;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badis, Yacine" sort="Badis, Yacine" uniqKey="Badis Y" first="Yacine" last="Badis">Yacine Badis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Scottish Association for Marine Sciences,<institution>Scottish Marine Institute</institution>, Oban PA37 1QA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brodie, Juliet" sort="Brodie, Juliet" uniqKey="Brodie J" first="Juliet" last="Brodie">Juliet Brodie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, Department of Life Sciences, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Yuanyu" sort="Cao, Yuanyu" uniqKey="Cao Y" first="Yuanyu" last="Cao">Yuanyu Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of New Hampshire</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NH</addr-line> 03824;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collen, Jonas" sort="Collen, Jonas" uniqKey="Collen J" first="Jonas" last="Collén">Jonas Collén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dittami, Simon M" sort="Dittami, Simon M" uniqKey="Dittami S" first="Simon M." last="Dittami">Simon M. Dittami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gachon, Claire M M" sort="Gachon, Claire M M" uniqKey="Gachon C" first="Claire M. M." last="Gachon">Claire M. M. Gachon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Scottish Association for Marine Sciences,<institution>Scottish Marine Institute</institution>, Oban PA37 1QA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Beverley R" sort="Green, Beverley R" uniqKey="Green B" first="Beverley R." last="Green">Beverley R. Green</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Botany,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver BC,<country>Canada</country> V6T 1Z4;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpowicz, Steven J" sort="Karpowicz, Steven J" uniqKey="Karpowicz S" first="Steven J." last="Karpowicz">Steven J. Karpowicz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Tau Biosciences LLC</institution>, Edmond,<addr-line>OK</addr-line> 73003;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jay W" sort="Kim, Jay W" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jay W." last="Kim">Jay W. Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Department of Biomolecular Engineering,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kudahl, Ulrich Johan" sort="Kudahl, Ulrich Johan" uniqKey="Kudahl U" first="Ulrich Johan" last="Kudahl">Ulrich Johan Kudahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Senjie" sort="Lin, Senjie" uniqKey="Lin S" first="Senjie" last="Lin">Senjie Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michel, Gurvan" sort="Michel, Gurvan" uniqKey="Michel G" first="Gurvan" last="Michel">Gurvan Michel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittag, Maria" sort="Mittag, Maria" uniqKey="Mittag M" first="Maria" last="Mittag">Maria Mittag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Bradley J S C" sort="Olson, Bradley J S C" uniqKey="Olson B" first="Bradley J. S. C." last="Olson">Bradley J. S. C. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Biology,<institution>Kansas State University</institution>, Manhattan,<addr-line>KS</addr-line> 66506;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" sort="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" uniqKey="Pangilinan J" first="Jasmyn L." last="Pangilinan">Jasmyn L. Pangilinan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Yi" sort="Peng, Yi" uniqKey="Peng Y" first="Yi" last="Peng">Yi Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, Huan" sort="Qiu, Huan" uniqKey="Qiu H" first="Huan" last="Qiu">Huan Qiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources,<institution>Rutgers University</institution>, New Brunswick,<addr-line>NJ</addr-line> 08901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Shengqiang" sort="Shu, Shengqiang" uniqKey="Shu S" first="Shengqiang" last="Shu">Shengqiang Shu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, John T" sort="Singer, John T" uniqKey="Singer J" first="John T." last="Singer">John T. Singer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Molecular & Biomedical Science,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Alison G" sort="Smith, Alison G" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Alison G." last="Smith">Alison G. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sprecher, Brittany N" sort="Sprecher, Brittany N" uniqKey="Sprecher B" first="Brittany N." last="Sprecher">Brittany N. Sprecher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Volker" sort="Wagner, Volker" uniqKey="Wagner V" first="Volker" last="Wagner">Volker Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wenfei" sort="Wang, Wenfei" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wenfei" last="Wang">Wenfei Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, HIST,<institution>Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University</institution>, Fuzhou 350002,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhi Yong" sort="Wang, Zhi Yong" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhi-Yong" last="Wang">Zhi-Yong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Plant Science,<institution>Carnegie Institution for Science</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Juying" sort="Yan, Juying" uniqKey="Yan J" first="Juying" last="Yan">Juying Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarish, Charles" sort="Yarish, Charles" uniqKey="Yarish C" first="Charles" last="Yarish">Charles Yarish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Stamford,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Z Uner Riek, Simone" sort="Z Uner Riek, Simone" uniqKey="Z Uner Riek S" first="Simone" last="Z Uner-Riek">Simone Z Uner-Riek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27">Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology,<institution>University of Bonn</institution>, 53115 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Yunyun" sort="Zhuang, Yunyun" uniqKey="Zhuang Y" first="Yunyun" last="Zhuang">Yunyun Zhuang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, Yong" sort="Zou, Yong" uniqKey="Zou Y" first="Yong" last="Zou">Yong Zou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindquist, Erika A" sort="Lindquist, Erika A" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="Erika A." last="Lindquist">Erika A. Lindquist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grimwood, Jane" sort="Grimwood, Jane" uniqKey="Grimwood J" first="Jane" last="Grimwood">Jane Grimwood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barry, Kerrie W" sort="Barry, Kerrie W" uniqKey="Barry K" first="Kerrie W." last="Barry">Kerrie W. Barry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rokhsar, Daniel S" sort="Rokhsar, Daniel S" uniqKey="Rokhsar D" first="Daniel S." last="Rokhsar">Daniel S. Rokhsar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmutz, Jeremy" sort="Schmutz, Jeremy" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="Jeremy" last="Schmutz">Jeremy Schmutz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stiller, John W" sort="Stiller, John W" uniqKey="Stiller J" first="John W." last="Stiller">John W. Stiller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Biology,<institution>East Carolina University</institution>, Greenville,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27858</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grossman, Arthur R" sort="Grossman, Arthur R" uniqKey="Grossman A" first="Arthur R." last="Grossman">Arthur R. Grossman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Plant Science,<institution>Carnegie Institution for Science</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prochnik, Simon E" sort="Prochnik, Simon E" uniqKey="Prochnik S" first="Simon E." last="Prochnik">Simon E. Prochnik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28716924</idno><idno type="pmc">5547612</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5547612</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5547612</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1703088114</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C15</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C15</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)</title><author><name sortKey="Brawley, Susan H" sort="Brawley, Susan H" uniqKey="Brawley S" first="Susan H." last="Brawley">Susan H. Brawley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blouin, Nicolas A" sort="Blouin, Nicolas A" uniqKey="Blouin N" first="Nicolas A." last="Blouin">Nicolas A. Blouin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Molecular Biology,<institution>University of Wyoming</institution>, Laramie,<addr-line>WY</addr-line> 82071;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ficko Blean, Elizabeth" sort="Ficko Blean, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Ficko Blean E" first="Elizabeth" last="Ficko-Blean">Elizabeth Ficko-Blean</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Glen L" sort="Wheeler, Glen L" uniqKey="Wheeler G" first="Glen L." last="Wheeler">Glen L. Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</institution>, Plymouth, PL1 2PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohr, Martin" sort="Lohr, Martin" uniqKey="Lohr M" first="Martin" last="Lohr">Martin Lohr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie,<institution>Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</institution>, 55128 Mainz,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodson, Holly V" sort="Goodson, Holly V" uniqKey="Goodson H" first="Holly V." last="Goodson">Holly V. Goodson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,<institution>University of Notre Dame</institution>, South Bend,<addr-line>IN</addr-line> 46556;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Jerry W" sort="Jenkins, Jerry W" uniqKey="Jenkins J" first="Jerry W." last="Jenkins">Jerry W. Jenkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaby Haas, Crysten E" sort="Blaby Haas, Crysten E" uniqKey="Blaby Haas C" first="Crysten E." last="Blaby-Haas">Crysten E. Blaby-Haas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Biology Department,<institution>Brookhaven National Laboratory</institution>, Upton,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11973;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helliwell, Katherine E" sort="Helliwell, Katherine E" uniqKey="Helliwell K" first="Katherine E." last="Helliwell">Katherine E. Helliwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</institution>, Plymouth, PL1 2PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Cheong Xin" sort="Chan, Cheong Xin" uniqKey="Chan C" first="Cheong Xin" last="Chan">Cheong Xin Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marriage, Tara N" sort="Marriage, Tara N" uniqKey="Marriage T" first="Tara N." last="Marriage">Tara N. Marriage</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Biology,<institution>Kansas State University</institution>, Manhattan,<addr-line>KS</addr-line> 66506;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharya, Debashish" sort="Bhattacharya, Debashish" uniqKey="Bhattacharya D" first="Debashish" last="Bhattacharya">Debashish Bhattacharya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources,<institution>Rutgers University</institution>, New Brunswick,<addr-line>NJ</addr-line> 08901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Anita S" sort="Klein, Anita S" uniqKey="Klein A" first="Anita S." last="Klein">Anita S. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of New Hampshire</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NH</addr-line> 03824;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badis, Yacine" sort="Badis, Yacine" uniqKey="Badis Y" first="Yacine" last="Badis">Yacine Badis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Scottish Association for Marine Sciences,<institution>Scottish Marine Institute</institution>, Oban PA37 1QA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brodie, Juliet" sort="Brodie, Juliet" uniqKey="Brodie J" first="Juliet" last="Brodie">Juliet Brodie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, Department of Life Sciences, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Yuanyu" sort="Cao, Yuanyu" uniqKey="Cao Y" first="Yuanyu" last="Cao">Yuanyu Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of New Hampshire</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NH</addr-line> 03824;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collen, Jonas" sort="Collen, Jonas" uniqKey="Collen J" first="Jonas" last="Collén">Jonas Collén</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dittami, Simon M" sort="Dittami, Simon M" uniqKey="Dittami S" first="Simon M." last="Dittami">Simon M. Dittami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gachon, Claire M M" sort="Gachon, Claire M M" uniqKey="Gachon C" first="Claire M. M." last="Gachon">Claire M. M. Gachon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Scottish Association for Marine Sciences,<institution>Scottish Marine Institute</institution>, Oban PA37 1QA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Beverley R" sort="Green, Beverley R" uniqKey="Green B" first="Beverley R." last="Green">Beverley R. Green</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Botany,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver BC,<country>Canada</country> V6T 1Z4;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karpowicz, Steven J" sort="Karpowicz, Steven J" uniqKey="Karpowicz S" first="Steven J." last="Karpowicz">Steven J. Karpowicz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Tau Biosciences LLC</institution>, Edmond,<addr-line>OK</addr-line> 73003;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jay W" sort="Kim, Jay W" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jay W." last="Kim">Jay W. Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Department of Biomolecular Engineering,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kudahl, Ulrich Johan" sort="Kudahl, Ulrich Johan" uniqKey="Kudahl U" first="Ulrich Johan" last="Kudahl">Ulrich Johan Kudahl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Senjie" sort="Lin, Senjie" uniqKey="Lin S" first="Senjie" last="Lin">Senjie Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michel, Gurvan" sort="Michel, Gurvan" uniqKey="Michel G" first="Gurvan" last="Michel">Gurvan Michel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittag, Maria" sort="Mittag, Maria" uniqKey="Mittag M" first="Maria" last="Mittag">Maria Mittag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Bradley J S C" sort="Olson, Bradley J S C" uniqKey="Olson B" first="Bradley J. S. C." last="Olson">Bradley J. S. C. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Biology,<institution>Kansas State University</institution>, Manhattan,<addr-line>KS</addr-line> 66506;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" sort="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" uniqKey="Pangilinan J" first="Jasmyn L." last="Pangilinan">Jasmyn L. Pangilinan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Yi" sort="Peng, Yi" uniqKey="Peng Y" first="Yi" last="Peng">Yi Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, Huan" sort="Qiu, Huan" uniqKey="Qiu H" first="Huan" last="Qiu">Huan Qiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources,<institution>Rutgers University</institution>, New Brunswick,<addr-line>NJ</addr-line> 08901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Shengqiang" sort="Shu, Shengqiang" uniqKey="Shu S" first="Shengqiang" last="Shu">Shengqiang Shu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, John T" sort="Singer, John T" uniqKey="Singer J" first="John T." last="Singer">John T. Singer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Molecular & Biomedical Science,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Alison G" sort="Smith, Alison G" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Alison G." last="Smith">Alison G. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sprecher, Brittany N" sort="Sprecher, Brittany N" uniqKey="Sprecher B" first="Brittany N." last="Sprecher">Brittany N. Sprecher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Volker" sort="Wagner, Volker" uniqKey="Wagner V" first="Volker" last="Wagner">Volker Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wenfei" sort="Wang, Wenfei" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wenfei" last="Wang">Wenfei Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, HIST,<institution>Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University</institution>, Fuzhou 350002,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhi Yong" sort="Wang, Zhi Yong" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhi-Yong" last="Wang">Zhi-Yong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Plant Science,<institution>Carnegie Institution for Science</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Juying" sort="Yan, Juying" uniqKey="Yan J" first="Juying" last="Yan">Juying Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarish, Charles" sort="Yarish, Charles" uniqKey="Yarish C" first="Charles" last="Yarish">Charles Yarish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Stamford,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06901;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Z Uner Riek, Simone" sort="Z Uner Riek, Simone" uniqKey="Z Uner Riek S" first="Simone" last="Z Uner-Riek">Simone Z Uner-Riek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27">Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology,<institution>University of Bonn</institution>, 53115 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Yunyun" sort="Zhuang, Yunyun" uniqKey="Zhuang Y" first="Yunyun" last="Zhuang">Yunyun Zhuang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, Yong" sort="Zou, Yong" uniqKey="Zou Y" first="Yong" last="Zou">Yong Zou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindquist, Erika A" sort="Lindquist, Erika A" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="Erika A." last="Lindquist">Erika A. Lindquist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grimwood, Jane" sort="Grimwood, Jane" uniqKey="Grimwood J" first="Jane" last="Grimwood">Jane Grimwood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barry, Kerrie W" sort="Barry, Kerrie W" uniqKey="Barry K" first="Kerrie W." last="Barry">Kerrie W. Barry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rokhsar, Daniel S" sort="Rokhsar, Daniel S" uniqKey="Rokhsar D" first="Daniel S." last="Rokhsar">Daniel S. Rokhsar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmutz, Jeremy" sort="Schmutz, Jeremy" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="Jeremy" last="Schmutz">Jeremy Schmutz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stiller, John W" sort="Stiller, John W" uniqKey="Stiller J" first="John W." last="Stiller">John W. Stiller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Biology,<institution>East Carolina University</institution>, Greenville,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27858</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grossman, Arthur R" sort="Grossman, Arthur R" uniqKey="Grossman A" first="Arthur R." last="Grossman">Arthur R. Grossman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Plant Science,<institution>Carnegie Institution for Science</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prochnik, Simon E" sort="Prochnik, Simon E" uniqKey="Prochnik S" first="Simon E." last="Prochnik">Simon E. Prochnik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Fossil evidence shows that red algae (Rhodophyta) are one of the most ancient multicellular lineages. Their ecological, evolutionary, and commercial importance notwithstanding, few red algal nuclear genomes have been sequenced. Our analyses of the <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> genome provide insights into how this macrophyte thrives in the stressful intertidal zone and into the basis for its nutritional value as human food. Many of the novel traits (e.g., cytoskeletal organization, calcium signaling pathways) we find encoded in the <italic>Porphyra</italic> genome are extended to other red algal genomes, and our unexpected findings offer a potential explanation for why the red algae are constrained to small stature relative to other multicellular lineages.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28716924</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5547612</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201703088</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1703088114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>PNAS Plus</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Evolution</subject></subj-group></subj-group><series-title>PNAS Plus</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Genome of the red alga <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic></alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brawley</surname><given-names>Susan H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blouin</surname><given-names>Nicolas A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ficko-Blean</surname><given-names>Elizabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wheeler</surname><given-names>Glen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lohr</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goodson</surname><given-names>Holly V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jenkins</surname><given-names>Jerry W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blaby-Haas</surname><given-names>Crysten E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Helliwell</surname><given-names>Katherine E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Cheong Xin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marriage</surname><given-names>Tara N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1273</contrib-id><name><surname>Bhattacharya</surname><given-names>Debashish</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>Anita S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Badis</surname><given-names>Yacine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brodie</surname><given-names>Juliet</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>q</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Yuanyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collén</surname><given-names>Jonas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dittami</surname><given-names>Simon M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gachon</surname><given-names>Claire M. 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authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-5704</contrib-id><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Alison G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sprecher</surname><given-names>Brittany N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>u</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Volker</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>v</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Wenfei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>x</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Zhi-Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>y</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>Juying</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yarish</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>z</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zäuner-Riek</surname><given-names>Simone</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>aa</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>Yunyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>u</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zou</surname><given-names>Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>v</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindquist</surname><given-names>Erika A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grimwood</surname><given-names>Jane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barry</surname><given-names>Kerrie W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rokhsar</surname><given-names>Daniel S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmutz</surname><given-names>Jeremy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stiller</surname><given-names>John W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>bb</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grossman</surname><given-names>Arthur R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>y</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prochnik</surname><given-names>Simon E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>School of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Department of Molecular Biology,<institution>University of Wyoming</institution>, Laramie,<addr-line>WY</addr-line> 82071;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Sorbonne Universités,<institution>Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06</institution>, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup><institution>Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</institution>, Plymouth, PL1 2PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie,<institution>Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</institution>, 55128 Mainz,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,<institution>University of Notre Dame</institution>, South Bend,<addr-line>IN</addr-line> 46556;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup><institution>HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology</institution>, Huntsville,<addr-line>AL</addr-line> 35806;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Department of Energy,<institution>Joint Genome Institute</institution>, Walnut Creek,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94598;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Biology Department,<institution>Brookhaven National Laboratory</institution>, Upton,<addr-line>NY</addr-line> 11973;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup>Department of Plant Sciences,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Cambridge CB2 3EA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>k</sup>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>l</sup>School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>m</sup>Division of Biology,<institution>Kansas State University</institution>, Manhattan,<addr-line>KS</addr-line> 66506;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>n</sup>Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources,<institution>Rutgers University</institution>, New Brunswick,<addr-line>NJ</addr-line> 08901;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of New Hampshire</institution>, Durham,<addr-line>NH</addr-line> 03824;</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup>Scottish Association for Marine Sciences,<institution>Scottish Marine Institute</institution>, Oban PA37 1QA,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff17"><sup>q</sup><institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, Department of Life Sciences, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff18"><sup>r</sup>Department of Botany,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>, Vancouver BC,<country>Canada</country> V6T 1Z4;</aff><aff id="aff19"><sup>s</sup><institution>Tau Biosciences LLC</institution>, Edmond,<addr-line>OK</addr-line> 73003;</aff><aff id="aff20"><sup>t</sup>Department of Biomolecular Engineering,<institution>University of California, Santa Cruz</institution>,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 95064;</aff><aff id="aff21"><sup>u</sup>Department of Marine Sciences,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Groton,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06340;</aff><aff id="aff22"><sup>v</sup>Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie,<institution>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</institution>, 07743 Jena,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff23"><sup>w</sup>Department of Molecular & Biomedical Science,<institution>University of Maine</institution>, Orono,<addr-line>ME</addr-line> 04469;</aff><aff id="aff24"><sup>x</sup>Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, HIST,<institution>Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University</institution>, Fuzhou 350002,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff25"><sup>y</sup>Department of Plant Science,<institution>Carnegie Institution for Science</institution>, Stanford,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 94305;</aff><aff id="aff26"><sup>z</sup>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Connecticut</institution>, Stamford,<addr-line>CT</addr-line> 06901;</aff><aff id="aff27"><sup>aa</sup>Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology,<institution>University of Bonn</institution>, 53115 Bonn,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff28"><sup>bb</sup>Department of Biology,<institution>East Carolina University</institution>, Greenville,<addr-line>NC</addr-line> 27858</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: <email>Brawley@maine.edu</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Stephen R. Palumbi, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, and approved June 6, 2017 (received for review February 22, 2017)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: S.H.B., N.A.B., D.B., S.L., C.Y., K.W.B., D.S.R., J.S., J.W.S., A.R.G., and S.E.P. designed research; S.H.B., N.A.B., E.F.-B., G.L.W., M.L., H.V.G., J.W.J., C.E.B.-H., K.E.H., C.X.C., T.N.M., D.B., A.S.K., Y.B., J.B., Y.C., J.C., S.M.D., C.M.M.G., B.R.G., S.J.K., J.W.K., U.J.K., S.L., G.M., M.M., B.J.S.C.O., J.L.P., Y.P., H.Q., S.S., A.G.S., B.N.S., V.W., W.W., Z.-Y.W., J.Y., S.Z.-R., Y. Zou, E.A.L., J.G., K.W.B., D.S.R., J.S., J.W.S., A.R.G., and S.E.P. performed research; S.H.B., N.A.B., E.F.-B., G.L.W., M.L., H.V.G., J.W.J., C.E.B.-H., K.E.H., C.X.C., D.B., S.M.D., C.M.M.G., S.J.K., G.M., H.Q., A.G.S., J.S., J.W.S., and S.E.P. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.H.B., N.A.B., E.F.-B., G.L.W., M.L., H.V.G., J.W.J., C.E.B.-H., K.E.H., C.X.C., T.N.M., D.B., A.S.K., Y.B., J.B., Y.C., J.C., S.M.D., C.M.M.G., B.R.G., S.J.K., J.W.K., U.J.K., S.L., G.M., M.M., B.J.S.C.O., H.Q., A.G.S., B.N.S., V.W., W.W., Z.-Y.W., S.Z.-R., Y. Zou, J.S., J.W.S., A.R.G., and S.E.P. analyzed data; S.H.B., N.A.B., S.L., J.T.S., C.Y., Y. Zhuang, and A.R.G. prepared samples; and S.H.B., N.A.B., E.F.-B., G.L.W., M.L., H.V.G., J.W.J., C.E.B.-H., K.E.H., C.X.C., T.N.M., D.B., A.S.K., Y.B., J.B., Y.C., J.C., S.M.D., C.M.M.G., B.R.G., S.J.K., J.W.K., U.J.K., S.L., G.M., M.M., B.J.S.C.O., H.Q., J.T.S., A.G.S., B.N.S., V.W., W.W., Z.-Y.W., C.Y., S.Z.-R., Y. Zhuang, Y. Zou, J.W.S., A.R.G., and S.E.P. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="present-address" id="fn1"><p><sup>2</sup>Present address: Genetics Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824.</p></fn><fn fn-type="present-address" id="fn2"><p><sup>3</sup>Present address: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>17</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>114</volume><issue>31</issue><fpage>E6361</fpage><lpage>E6370</lpage><permissions><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201703088.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Fossil evidence shows that red algae (Rhodophyta) are one of the most ancient multicellular lineages. Their ecological, evolutionary, and commercial importance notwithstanding, few red algal nuclear genomes have been sequenced. Our analyses of the <italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> genome provide insights into how this macrophyte thrives in the stressful intertidal zone and into the basis for its nutritional value as human food. Many of the novel traits (e.g., cytoskeletal organization, calcium signaling pathways) we find encoded in the <italic>Porphyra</italic> genome are extended to other red algal genomes, and our unexpected findings offer a potential explanation for why the red algae are constrained to small stature relative to other multicellular lineages.</p></abstract><abstract><p><italic>Porphyra umbilicalis</italic> (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploid <italic>Porphyra</italic> genome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of the <italic>Porphyra</italic> genome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins in <italic>Porphyra</italic> are restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, including <italic>Porphyra</italic>, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>cytoskeleton</kwd><kwd>calcium-signaling</kwd><kwd>carbohydrate-active enzymes</kwd><kwd>stress tolerance</kwd><kwd>vitamin B<sub>12</sub></kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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